‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ واﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺴﺖ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ااﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫د‬

‫واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى وﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ااﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪357‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪357‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ‪116‬‬
‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪359‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى = ‪٤ = ٣٥٩ ٥٩ ٥٦ – ٣٦٠ ٠٠ ٠٠‬ﺛﻮاﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻮزع ‪ ١‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ آﻞ زاوﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف(‪ :‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ إذا آﺎن اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ا ب ﻳﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺸﺮق ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٢‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ )ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى( آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪122‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٢‬ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ آﺮوآﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى ﻟﻠﺨﻂ ا ب وﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ب‬

‫ﺟـ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ = اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪ – ١٨٠ ±‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
 :٢ ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫ا‬ ‫ب‬

‫ﺟـ‬

‫د‬
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٨
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت(‪ :‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ أﻃﻮال‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﺛﻢ اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ا( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Bowditch method‬‬
‫ب( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Transit method‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٣‬ا(‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Bowditch method‬‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪61.299‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪61.310‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪61.31‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-60.334‬‬ ‫‪38.958‬‬ ‫‪-60.363‬‬ ‫‪38.971‬‬ ‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪71.85‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.666 -116.076 -31.715 -116.055 254‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪56 120.31‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪91.974‬‬ ‫‪15.819‬‬ ‫‪91.936‬‬ ‫‪15.836‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪93.29‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.142‬‬ ‫‪0.062‬‬ ‫‪346.76‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٣‬ب(‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Transit method‬‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪61.294‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪61.310‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪61.31‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-60.316‬‬ ‫‪38.961‬‬ ‫‪-60.363‬‬ ‫‪38.971‬‬ ‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪71.85‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.691 -116.086 -31.715 -116.055 254‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪56 120.31‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪92.007‬‬ ‫‪15.831‬‬ ‫‪91.936‬‬ ‫‪15.836‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪93.29‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.142‬‬ ‫‪0.062‬‬ ‫‪346.76‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬

‫‪184.014 232.171‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻌﺪدى‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت(‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ اﺣﺴﺐ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ا )‪ ٥٠٠‬ﺷﺮﻗﺎ ‪ ١٠٠٠ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﻻ( وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ا( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Bowditch method‬‬
‫ب( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Transit method‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)٤‬ا( ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Bowditch method‬‬

‫اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 500.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.025‬‬ ‫‪61.299‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪61.31‬‬
‫‪1000.025 561.299‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-60.334‬‬ ‫‪38.958‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪71.85‬‬
‫‪939.691 600.257‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫ﺟـ د ‪-31.666 -116.076 120.31‬‬
‫‪908.026 484.181‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪91.974‬‬ ‫‪15.819‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪93.29‬‬
‫‪1000.000 500.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪346.76‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)٤‬ب( ‪:‬‬
‫ب( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Transit method‬‬

‫اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 500.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪61.294‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪61.31‬‬
‫‪1000.000 561.294‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-60.316‬‬ ‫‪38.961‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪71.85‬‬
‫‪939.684 600.254‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫ﺟـ د ‪-31.691 -116.086 120.31‬‬
‫‪907.993 484.169‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪92.007‬‬ ‫‪15.831‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪93.29‬‬
‫‪1000.000 500.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪346.76‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬

‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د هـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪107.12‬‬

‫‪163‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪63.18‬‬

‫‪262‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 126.84‬‬

‫‪348‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪27.99‬‬ ‫د هـ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪40.04‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٥‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪8.754‬‬ ‫‪107.774‬‬ ‫‪8.715‬‬ ‫‪106.765‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪107.12‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-60.392 17.826‬‬ ‫‪-60.662‬‬ ‫‪17.659‬‬ ‫‪163‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪63.18‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-15.875 -124.644 -15.946 -125.834 262‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 126.84‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪27.552‬‬ ‫‪-5.521‬‬ ‫‪27.429‬‬ ‫‪-5.574‬‬ ‫‪348‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪27.99‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪39.961‬‬ ‫‪4.566‬‬ ‫‪39.784‬‬ ‫‪4.523‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫هـ ا ‪40.04‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.680 -2.460‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬

‫‪152.536 260.354‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت(‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د هـ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ وﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ا )ﺻﻔﺮ ﺷﺮﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﻻ(‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬

‫‪363.900‬‬ ‫‪363.900‬‬ ‫اب‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪341.360‬‬

‫‪-324.150‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬

‫د هـ ‪-400.420 -231.180‬‬

‫‪193.220‬‬ ‫هـ و ‪-334.180‬‬

‫‪167.200‬‬ ‫‪-138.980‬‬ ‫وا‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٦‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪363.963 363.662‬‬ ‫‪363.900‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪363.900‬‬
‫‪363.963 363.662‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪341.137‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪341.360‬‬
‫‪363.963 704.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-324.094‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-324.150‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪39.869 704.800‬‬ ‫د‬
‫د هـ ‪-400.351 -231.331 -400.420 -231.180‬‬
‫‪-360.482 473.469‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪193.253 -334.398 193.220‬‬ ‫هـ و ‪-334.180‬‬
‫‪-167.229 139.071‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪167.229 -139.071 167.200‬‬ ‫و ا ‪-138.980‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.250‬‬ ‫‪0.920‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ ﺟﺒﺮى‬

‫‪1448.890 1409.600‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠـ ﻋﺪدى‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس(‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺮق‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ *‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫)ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪256520.865‬‬ ‫‪704.800‬‬ ‫‪363.963 363.662‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪124161.249‬‬ ‫‪341.137‬‬ ‫‪363.963 704.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-9222.866‬‬ ‫‪-231.331‬‬ ‫‪39.869‬‬ ‫‪704.800‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪203935.225‬‬ ‫‪-565.729 -360.482 473.469‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪79177.645‬‬ ‫‪-473.469 -167.229 139.071‬‬ ‫و‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪224.592‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪363.963 363.662‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪654572.118‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses327286.059‬‬
‫‪in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٨‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻪ( ‪:‬‬
‫أﺧﺬت اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب‬
‫ﻃﻮل واﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ﺟـ ‪130.75‬‬

‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪210.75‬‬

‫‪328‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪65.00‬‬ ‫دب‬

‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫با‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٨‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪130.750‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ﺟـ ‪130.75‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪121.934‬‬ ‫‪171.895‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪210.75‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪55.687‬‬ ‫‪-33.526‬‬ ‫‪328‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪65.00‬‬ ‫دب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪L cos α‬‬ ‫‪L sin α‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫با‬
‫ا‬
‫‪308.370‬‬ ‫‪138.369‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪L cos α‬‬ ‫‪L sin α‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:٨‬‬

‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ل ﺟﺎ ‪ = ١٣٨٫٣٦٩ + α‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ل ﺟﺎ ‪١٣٨٫٣٦٩ - = α‬‬

‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ل ﺟﺘﺎ ‪ = ٣٠٨٫٣٧ + α‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ل ﺟﺘﺎ ‪٣٠٨٫٣٧- = α‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫إذا ‪٥٩ = α‬ث ‪٩‬ق ‪٢٤‬د‬ ‫ﻇﺎ ‪٠٫٤٤٨٧١ = α‬‬
‫وﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف = ‪٥٩‬ث ‪٩‬ق ‪٢٤‬د ‪١٨٠ +‬د = ‪٥٩‬ث ‪٩‬ق ‪٢٠٤‬د‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻰ اﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﻮل ل = ‪ ٣٧٧٫٩٩‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٨‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺛﻢ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪130.750‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ا ﺟـ ‪130.75‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪121.934‬‬ ‫‪171.895‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪210.75‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪55.687‬‬ ‫‪-33.526‬‬ ‫‪328‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪65.00‬‬ ‫دب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-308.369‬‬ ‫‪-138.369‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫ب ا ‪337.99‬‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ٩‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﻧﺤﺮاف ﺧﻂ ﺁﺧﺮ( ‪:‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د هـ و‪.‬‬

‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪500.0‬‬ ‫اب‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪854.0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬

‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪1019.8‬‬

‫‪α‬‬ ‫هـ و ‪1118.0‬‬

‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪656.8‬‬ ‫وا‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٩‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪500.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪500.00‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪0.707 L‬‬ ‫‪0.707 L‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-299.775‬‬ ‫‪799.657‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪854.00‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-999.973‬‬ ‫‪200.117‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪1019.80‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪1118 cos α 1118 sin α‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫هـ و ‪1118.00‬‬
‫و‬
‫‪385.129‬‬ ‫‪-532.035‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪656.80‬‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-414.618‬‬ ‫‪467.738‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪0.707 L‬‬ ‫‪0.707 L‬‬
‫‪1118 cos α 1118 sin α‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ‪٠٫٧٠٧ + ٤٦٧٫٧٣٨‬ل ‪١١١٨ +‬ﺟﺎ ‪ = α‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ‪٠٫٧٠٧ +٤١٤٫٦١٨-‬ل ‪١١١٨ +‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪ = α‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻄﺮح اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ )ﺟﺘﺎ ‪ – α‬ﺟﺎ ‪٠٫٧٨٩٢٢٧ = ( α‬‬

‫‪ ٢‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪٠٫٧٨٩٢٢٧ = ( α + ٤٥) ٢‬‬
‫اذا ‪٣٩ = α‬ث ‪٤‬ق ‪١١‬د‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻂ هـ و‬
‫=)‪٠٠‬ث ‪٠٠‬ق ‪٢٧٠‬د( –)‪٣٩‬ث ‪٤‬ق ‪١١‬د( = ‪٢١‬ث ‪٥٥‬ق ‪٢٥٨‬د‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻰ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ب ﺟـ )ل( = ‪٨٩٠٫١٥٩‬م‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٩‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪500.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪500.00‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪629.437‬‬ ‫‪629.437‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪890.16‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-299.775‬‬ ‫‪799.657‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪854.00‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-999.973‬‬ ‫‪200.117‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪1019.80‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪-214.809‬‬ ‫‪-1097.170 258‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫هـ و ‪1118.00‬‬
‫و‬
‫‪385.129‬‬ ‫‪-532.035‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪656.80‬‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ١٠‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻻ ﺿﻠﻌﻴﻦ( ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﻤﻘﻔﻞ ا ب ﺟـ د ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻸﺿﻼع وﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل‬
‫آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻴﻦ ا ب ‪ ،‬ب ﺟـ وﺗﻌﺬر ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻴﻦ ﺟـ د ‪ ،‬د ا ‪ .‬واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب أﻃﻮاﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪150.0‬‬ ‫اب‬

‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪224.0‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬

‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫دا‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١٠‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-149.949‬‬ ‫‪3.927‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪150.0‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-47.846‬‬ ‫‪218.830‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪224.0‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪0.850L‬‬ ‫‪0.526L‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.214M‬‬ ‫‪-0.977M‬‬ ‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫دا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-197.795‬‬ ‫‪222.757‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪0.850L‬‬ ‫‪0.526L‬‬
‫‪0.214M‬‬ ‫‪-0.977M‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ‪٠٫٥٢٦ + ٢٢٢٫٧٥٧‬ل ‪٠٫٩٧٧-‬م = ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ل = ‪١٫٨٥٧ + ٤٢٣٫٤٩٢-‬م‬

‫ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ‪٠٫٨٥٠ + ١٩٧٫٧٩٥-‬ل ‪٠٫٢١٤+‬م = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ل = ‪٠٫٢٥٢ – ٢٣٢٫٧‬م‬

‫ﺑﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﻮل م = ‪ ٣١١٫١٨٣‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫واﻟﻄﻮل ل = ‪ ١٥٤٫٣٧٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١٠‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺛﻢ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ وﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-149.949‬‬ ‫‪3.927‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪150.0‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-47.846‬‬ ‫‪218.830‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪224.0‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪131.273‬‬ ‫‪81.234‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪154.4‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪66.468‬‬ ‫‪-304.001‬‬ ‫‪282‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪311.2‬‬ ‫دا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪) ١١‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺿﻠﻌﻴﻦ( ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ا ب ﺟـ د ا ﻓﻴﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬

‫‪α‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪200.00‬‬

‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪350.00‬‬

‫‪β‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪150.00‬‬

‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪400.00‬‬

‫واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب إﻳﺠﺎد اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻴﻦ ا ب ‪ ،‬ﺟـ د‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١١‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪200‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪α‬‬ ‫‪200‬ﺟﺎ‪α‬‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪200.00‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-72.769‬‬ ‫‪342.352‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪350.00‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪150‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪β‬‬ ‫‪150‬ﺟﺎ‪β‬‬ ‫‪β‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪150.00‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-400.000 270‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪400.00‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪-72.769‬‬ ‫‪-57.648‬‬ ‫‪1100.00‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

‫‪200‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪α‬‬ ‫‪200‬ﺟﺎ‪α‬‬
‫‪150‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪β‬‬ ‫‪150‬ﺟﺎ‪β‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:١١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺟﺎ ‪ ١٥٠ – ٥٧٫٦٤٨ = α‬ﺟﺎ ‪β‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(١‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ‪ ٠٫٧٥ – ٠٫٢٨٨٣٤ = α‬ﺟﺎ ‪β‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪ ١٥٠ – ٧٢٫٧٦٩ = α‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪β‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ ‪ ٠٫٧٥ – ٠٫٣٦٣٨ = α‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪β‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ‪٢ ،١‬‬
‫ﺟﺎ‪ ٠٫٥٦٢٥ + ٠٫٠٨٣ = α ٢‬ﺟﺎ‪β٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪ ٠٫٧٥ x ٠٫٢٨٨٢٤)٢-‬ﺟﺎ ‪(β‬‬

‫ﺟﺘﺎ‪ ٠٫٥٦٢٥ + ٠٫١٣٢٣ = α ٢‬ﺟﺘﺎ‪β٢‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫‪ ٠٫٧٥ x ٠٫٣٦٣٨)٢-‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪(β‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١١‬ﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ‪٤ ،٣‬‬

‫‪ ٠٫٤٣٢٣٦‬ﺟﺎ ‪ ٠٫٥٤٥٧ + β‬ﺟﺘﺎ ‪٠٫٢٢٢٢- = β‬‬

‫وﺑﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺤﺪ ‪ =٠٫٤٣٢٣٦‬س ‪ ،‬واﻟﺤﺪ ‪ =٠٫٥٤٥٧‬ص ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ‪ δ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫إذا ‪٢٣ = δ‬ث‪٢٣‬ق‪٣٨‬د‬ ‫ﻇﺎ ‪ = δ‬س\ص = ‪٠٫٧٩٢٣‬‬

‫(‬ ‫ص‪½ (٢‬‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ) ‪)) \ (٠٫٢٢٢٢ -) = ( δ - β‬س‪+٢‬‬

‫= ‪١٨‬ث‪٢٣‬ق‪٢٥١‬د‬ ‫أو‬ ‫) ‪٤٢ = ( δ - β‬ث‪٣٦‬ق‪١٠٨‬د‬
‫= ‪٤١‬ث‪٤٦‬ق‪٢٨٩‬د‬ ‫أو‬ ‫= ‪٠٥‬ث‪٠٠‬ق‪١٤٧‬د‬ ‫‪β‬‬
‫= ‪٠٩‬ث‪٤٣‬ق‪٨٣‬د‬ ‫أو‬ ‫= ‪٤٢‬ث‪٠٥‬ق‪٣٥٣‬د‬ ‫‪α‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)١١‬اﻟﺤﻞ اﻷول(‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﻼن ﻓﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ اﻷول‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪198.549‬‬ ‫‪-24.045‬‬ ‫‪353‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪200.00‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-72.769‬‬ ‫‪342.352‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪350.00‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-125.803‬‬ ‫‪81.693‬‬ ‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪150.00‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-400.000 270‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪400.00‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪1100.00‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪)١١‬اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫‪21.880‬‬ ‫‪198.800‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪200.00‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-72.769‬‬ ‫‪342.352‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪350.00‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪50.735‬‬ ‫‪-141.159 289‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪150.00‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-400.000 270‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪400.00‬‬
‫ا‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪1100.00‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎب اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٨

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١‬وﺿﻊ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ا ب ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ا )‪١٫٦٨‬م( وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ب )‪١٫٩٥‬م( ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬
‫ووﺿﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ا )‪١٫٣١‬م(‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ب )‪١٫٧٤‬م(‪ .‬ارﺳﻢ ﺷﻜﻼ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ووﺿﺢ‬
‫هﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰان وﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ وﺿﻌﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:١‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻷول ‪:‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ا ‪ ،‬ب = ‪٠٫٢٧ = ١٫٦٨-١٫٩٥‬م‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب ﺑﻴﻦ ا ‪ ،‬ب = ‪٠٫٤٣ = ١٫٣١-١٫٧٤‬م‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‬

‫‪١٫٩٥‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﻦ إذا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ‪١٫٦٨‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰان وﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫س‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ان اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻋﻨﺪ ب ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻳﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٫٣١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪١٫٧٤‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫‪ - ١٫٣١ +٠٫٢٧ =١٫٧٤‬س‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺰان‬ ‫س = ‪ ٠٫١٦‬م‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٢‬أﺧﺬت اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰان ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻃﻮﻟﻰ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫)‪، ١٫٤٩ ، ٢٫٣٢ ، ٢٫٥٠ ، (٢٫١٩‬‬
‫)‪، ٢٫٨١ ، ٢٫٥١ ، (٣٫٠١‬‬
‫)‪.٣٫٨١ ، (١٫٧٥‬‬

‫ﻓﺈذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻗﻮاس ﻣﺆﺧﺮات وﻣﻨﺴﻮب أول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫)‪٣٠+‬م(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٢‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫روﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪32.19‬‬ ‫‪2.19‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪29.69‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪29.87‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪30.70‬‬ ‫‪33.71‬‬ ‫‪1.49‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪31.20‬‬ ‫‪2.51‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪30.90‬‬ ‫‪32.65‬‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪1.75‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪28.84‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪8.11‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ‪6.95‬‬
‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬
‫‪O.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٢‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫)‪(-‬‬ ‫)‪(+‬‬
‫روﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪2.19‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪29.69‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪29.87‬‬ ‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪30.70‬‬ ‫‪0.83 1.49‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪31.20‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2.51‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪30.90‬‬ ‫‪0.30‬‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪1.75‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪28.84‬‬ ‫‪2.06‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪8.11‬‬ ‫‪6.95‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬
‫‪O.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٣‬اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ إذا آﺎن ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ )‪٢٣+‬م(‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٣‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬
‫‪24.16‬‬ ‫‪26.35‬‬ ‫‪2.19‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪23.85‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪24.03‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪24.86‬‬ ‫‪27.87‬‬ ‫‪1.49‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪25.36‬‬ ‫‪2.51‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪25.06‬‬ ‫‪26.81‬‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪1.75‬‬ ‫و‬
‫روﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪23.00‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪8.11‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ‪6.95‬‬
‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬
‫‪O.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٣‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬

‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫)‪(-‬‬ ‫)‪(+‬‬
‫روﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪24.16‬‬ ‫‪2.19‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪23.85‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪24.03‬‬ ‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪24.86‬‬ ‫‪0.83 1.49‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪25.36‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪2.51‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫دوران‬ ‫‪25.06‬‬ ‫‪0.30‬‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪1.75‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪23.00‬‬ ‫‪2.06‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫ز‬
‫‪8.11‬‬ ‫‪6.95‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬
‫‪O.K‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬