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مسائل محلولة على الترافرس
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺑﺎب اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٢ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ )ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى( آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ:
اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ﺟـ
د
ﺛﻢ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة:
اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ = اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ – ١٨٠ ±اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٧
:٢ ”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل
ا ب
ﺟـ
د
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٨
ﻣﺜﺎل ) ٣ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت( :ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ أﻃﻮال
اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﺛﻢ اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت
اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ا( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Bowditch method
ب( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Transit method
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٩
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ) ٣ا(:
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Bowditch method
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ
اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ
ا
0.025 61.299 0.000 61.310 90 0 0 61.31 اب
ب
-60.334 38.958 -60.363 38.971 147 9 12 ب ﺟـ 71.85
ﺟـ
-31.666 -116.076 -31.715 -116.055 254 42 ﺟـ د 56 120.31
د
91.974 15.819 91.936 15.836 9 46 23 د هـ 93.29
ا
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٠
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ) ٣ب(:
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Transit method
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ
اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ
ا
0.000 61.294 0.000 61.310 90 0 0 ا ب 61.31
ب
-60.316 38.961 -60.363 38.971 147 9 12 ب ﺟـ 71.85
ﺟـ
-31.691 -116.086 -31.715 -116.055 254 42 ﺟـ د 56 120.31
د
92.007 15.831 91.936 15.836 9 46 23 د هـ 93.29
ا
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١١
ﻣﺜﺎل ) ٤ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت(:
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ اﺣﺴﺐ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ إذا آﺎﻧﺖ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﺔ
ا ) ٥٠٠ﺷﺮﻗﺎ ١٠٠٠ ،ﺷﻤﺎﻻ( وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ:
ا( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Bowditch method
ب( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Transit method
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٢
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل )٤ا( :
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام Bowditch method
0.000 ب ﺟـ 341.360
د هـ -400.420 -231.180
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢١
”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٨
اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٤
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٩ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ:
اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ا
500.000 0.000 0 0 0 500.00 اب
ب
0.707 L 0.707 L 45 0 0 L ب ﺟـ
ﺟـ
-299.775 799.657 110 33 0 ﺟـ د 854.00
د
-999.973 200.117 168 41 0 د هـ 1019.80
هـ
1118 cos α 1118 sin α α هـ و 1118.00
و
385.129 -532.035 305 54 0 656.80 وا
ا
-414.618 467.738 اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع
0.707 L 0.707 L
1118 cos α 1118 sin α
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٥
”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٩
ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ٠٫٧٠٧ + ٤٦٧٫٧٣٨ل ١١١٨ +ﺟﺎ = αﺻﻔﺮ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٨
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :١٠ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ:
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٩
”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :١٠
ﻣﺠـ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ٠٫٥٢٦ + ٢٢٢٫٧٥٧ل ٠٫٩٧٧-م = ﺻﻔﺮ
ل = ١٫٨٥٧ + ٤٢٣٫٤٩٢-م
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٠
اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﺎل :١٠ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ
اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺛﻢ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ وﻳﻜﻮن
اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ:
اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ا
-149.949 3.927 178 30 0 150.0 اب
ب
-47.846 218.830 102 20 0 ب ﺟـ 224.0
ﺟـ
131.273 81.234 31 45 0 ﺟـ د 154.4
د
66.468 -304.001 282 20 0 311.2 دا
ا
0.000 0.000 اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣١
ﻣﺜﺎل ) ١١اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ :اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺿﻠﻌﻴﻦ( :
اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ا ب ﺟـ د ا ﻓﻴﻪ :
اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
α ا ب 200.00
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٢
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :١١ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺛﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻵﺗﻰ:
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٣
”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :١١
٢٠٠ﺟﺎ ١٥٠ – ٥٧٫٦٤٨ = αﺟﺎ β
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )(١ ﺟﺎ ٠٫٧٥ – ٠٫٢٨٨٣٤ = αﺟﺎ β
٢٠٠ﺟﺘﺎ ١٥٠ – ٧٢٫٧٦٩ = αﺟﺘﺎ β
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )(٢ ﺟﺘﺎ ٠٫٧٥ – ٠٫٣٦٣٨ = αﺟﺘﺎ β
ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ٢ ،١
ﺟﺎ ٠٫٥٦٢٥ + ٠٫٠٨٣ = α ٢ﺟﺎβ٢
ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )(٣ ٠٫٧٥ x ٠٫٢٨٨٢٤)٢-ﺟﺎ (β
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٥
اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل )١١اﻟﺤﻞ اﻷول(:
ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﻼن ﻓﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ اﻷول
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ
ا
198.549 -24.045 353 5 42 ا ب 200.00
ب
-72.769 342.352 102 0 0 ب ﺟـ 350.00
ﺟـ
-125.803 81.693 147 0 5 ﺟـ د 150.00
د
0.000 -400.000 270 0 0 د هـ 400.00
ا
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٦
اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل )١١اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ(:
اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ
اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ
اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ
ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ
ا
21.880 198.800 83 43 9 ا ب 200.00
ب
-72.769 342.352 102 0 0 ب ﺟـ 350.00
ﺟـ
50.735 -141.159 289 46 9 ﺟـ د 150.00
د
0.000 -400.000 270 0 0 د هـ 400.00
ا
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺑﺎب اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٩
ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ وﺿﻌﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :١
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻷول :ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ا ،ب = ٠٫٢٧ = ١٫٦٨-١٫٩٥م
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ :ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب ﺑﻴﻦ ا ،ب = ٠٫٤٣ = ١٫٣١-١٫٧٤م
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤١
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٢ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان
ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان
روﺑﻴﺮ 30.00 32.19 2.19 ا
29.69 2.50 ب
29.87 2.32 ﺟـ
دوران 30.70 33.71 1.49 3.01 د
31.20 2.51 هـ
دوران 30.90 32.65 2.81 1.75 و
28.84 3.81 ز
8.11 اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع 6.95
1.16 1.16 اﻟﻔﺮق
O.K اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٢
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٢ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض
ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺨﻔﺎض
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )(- )(+
روﺑﻴﺮ 30.00 2.19 ا
29.69 0.31 2.50 ب
29.87 0.18 2.32 ﺟـ
دوران 30.70 0.83 1.49 3.01 د
31.20 0.50 2.51 هـ
دوران 30.90 0.30 2.81 1.75 و
28.84 2.06 3.81 ز
8.11 6.95 اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع
1.16 1.16 اﻟﻔﺮق
O.K اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٣
ﻣﺜﺎل :٣اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ إذا آﺎن ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ )٢٣+م(.
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٣ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان
ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان
24.16 26.35 2.19 ا
23.85 2.50 ب
24.03 2.32 ﺟـ
دوران 24.86 27.87 1.49 3.01 د
25.36 2.51 هـ
دوران 25.06 26.81 2.81 1.75 و
روﺑﻴﺮ 23.00 3.81 ز
8.11 اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع 6.95
1.16 1.16 اﻟﻔﺮق
O.K اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٤
ﺣﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل :٣ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٥