Assembly and Operation of the TABLE OF CONTENTS: ams Speen CAPACITOR Cireuit Deseription . 2... . 8 CHECKER Construction Note ese eeeseeee | 6 Model IT-28 Parts List, psy ee esesseeeeeeeel T ‘Step-By-Step Assembly Voltage Switch CC Wiring, Chassis Parts Mounting... - Harness And Rauge Switch P Wisi Range Switch P Wiring, . . , Chassis Wiring, oes Front Panel Assembly, ‘Transformer Wiring, oe Chassis Bottom-Final Wiring, Final Assembly. 6... sees ‘Test And Calibration... .....e. e005 Operation, 6. ee cece eeeeeneeee In Case Of Difficulty... . Replacement Parts Price List... ... Factory Repair Service... e. essere ee Schematic, . . ,(fold-out from page). . + HEATH COMPANY BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN 49022Page 2 eas SPECIFICATIONS ‘Test Cireuit ., . Capacitor Leakage... . Resistance, 4 Ranges . Inductance Check. ..... Power Supply . Power Requirements . Dimenstons , . . Net Weight... 4.005.445. ‘The Heath Company reserves the right to discon- tinue instruments and to change specifications at any time without incurring any obligation to incorporate new features in instruments pre- viously sold, AC bridge, powered by an internal 60 cycle supply or by an external audio generator with 10 volts output (see Page 28, EXT, GEN.) ‘Upper frequency limit: 10 ke, 10 wus to ,008 ytd, 1001 ufa to 5 nts, 1 utd to 60°ufd, 20 ytd to 1000 utd, External Syneges (comparison bridge; maxt- ‘mim ratio 26:1). DC test voltages from 3 to 600voltsin 16 steps, 5 @ to 5000 2, 800 2 to 500 KN, 50 KA to 50 megohms. External standard (comparison bridge; maxi- mum ratio 25:1). External standard only. ‘Transformer-operated, haki~wave rectifier, 105-125 or 210-250 volts AC, 50/80 cycles, 30 watts, 95/8" high x 8-5/8" wide x 5" deep, 5 Ibs, Refer to the "Kit Bullders Guide” for completa information on unpacking, parts identification, tools, wiring, soldering, and step-by-step as- sembly procedures. INTRODUCTION ‘The HEATHKIT Model IT-28 Capacitor Checker is a general-purpose instrument designed for use by servicemen, engineers, and technicians in checking capacitors for vaiue, leakage, shorts, and opens. The Checker may atan heuredto check resistance, inductance, and transformer turns ratios, A bridge circuit and eye tube indicator areused in making quick, accurate tests, Precision re~ sistors and capacitors in the bridge circuit provide a high degree of accuracy and stability, ‘Terminals are provided on the front panel for the component under test (TEST), an external generator (EXT. GEN), and external standard (EXT, STD,).Page 3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Frequent reference to the small schematic dia- grams in this description will prove helpful in fully understanding how the cireuit functions. ‘The heart of the Capacitor Checker ts the AC- powered bridge, Balance control R18 is used to vary the resistance of two arms of the bridge. The third arm is the standard (internal or external) and the fourth arm ig the component ‘being tested, BRIDGE RATIO CALCULATIONS Referring to Figure 1, assume that Rx = Rs (any value) and that Balance contral R13 is in the centsr of its range so that RISA = RISB (800 @ each), Under thie ‘with the bridge balanced and"with Rx equal Ra, the ratio of RISA to RISB = 1:1, TOKE «0 WALANCE CONTROL! Pou ATER ie | Re=iaoe Figure 1 I Rx did not equal Rs, balance of the bridge would occur with the Balance control at some point other than the center of its range. When balance occurs with R13A = 600 @, then R13B = 400 2, The ratio is now 600/400, or 1.5:1, When balance occurs with R13A = 800 @, then RISB = 200 @. The ratio is 800/200, or 4:1. Turning the Balance control changes the valnes of R13A and RI3B, When the bridge is balanced, RISA times Rs = R13B times Rx, Then the voltage at Y (see Figure 1) is minimum and the eye inbe opens. The bridge circuit is bas- ically the same for all types of measurements; only the standards andthe unknown values change, MEASURING RESISTANCE. ‘When checking resistance, Rs becomes the re- sistance standard and Rx is the unknown re- sistance, The value of Rx is indicated on the front panel by the Balance control pointer when the bridge is balanced, MEASURING CAPACITANCE LOWER RANGES - C_x .0001 and C x.01 Referring to Figure 2, the standard, Cs, is a capacitor (internal or external), and Cx is the unknown capacitance being measured, As in measuring resintance, the Balance control is adjusted for balance of the bridge, At balance RISA thnes XCs = RISB times XCx, In this case, XCs is the capacitive reactance af Cs and XCx is the capacitive reactance af Cx, Figure 2 HIGHER RANGES - C x 1 and C EXT Scale Capacitors are measured on the higher ranges just as described for the two lower ranges, except for electrolytics, Since electrolytic capacitors have a certain amount of internal series resistance, it is necessary to use POWER FACTOR control R14 along with Balance control R13 to properly bal- ance the bridge, See Figure 3, The POWER FACTOR control is used to cancel the effect of series resistance in electrolytic capac- itor Cx, and is used only on the two higher ranges. The formnla for finding the series resistance of an electrolyte capacitor is: i --bPF Series Resistance =-BPE-eapneraner othe Figure 3 PY ~ percent Power factor m= 814 F = frequency of applied voltage C = capacity in farads For example, the series resistance of a2 jifd capacitor with 5% PF at 60 cycles would equal: 05 Tax x2 x00 ~ 6680 NOTE: The POWER FACTOR control ts cali- brated, using internal 2 ufd capacitor C8 as a atandard, at 60 cps, Therefore, when using an external generator at a frequency other than 80 eps. the value indicated by the POWER FACTOR control must be corrected by a tactor of ET. FT is the external applied frequency, Cy EXAMPLE: Datermine the % PF atacapacitor which measures 5% PF at 120 cps. ET ‘PF = measured % PF x PE = .05 220 ‘PF = 10% ‘USING THE EXTENDED SCALE ‘The capacitance scale is extended by adding 9000 Q resistor R34 in series with Balance control R13, The bridge is balanced as before, using the Balance control, plus the POWER FACTOR control for electrolytics, However, Figure 4 ot a Q, Therefore, the ratio ts: §% _ 19:1 500 9000. ‘The standard internal capacitance value is 2 fd, which makes the center scalo reading equal to 19 times 2 pfd, or 38 utd, The remainder of the "C" EXTENDED SCALE is calcnlated in the same way, MEASURING INDUCTANCE Again, the bridge is balanced using Balauce control R13, At balance, RiSA times XLs = RISB times XLx, Here XLs = the inductive reactance of the standard, and XLx = the in- ductive reactance of the component being tasted, ‘An external atandard must be used when measur— ing inductance, TX. oN ROUETANCE Lee seas noucrance Sitar a carom! Figure § The AC series resistance (charactsristic) of the external component should be similar to that of the test component to permit balancing, as the POWER FACTOR control is not used in the external standard circult,Figure 6 EYE TUBE CIRCUIT When the bridgo otrouit is not balanced, an signal voltage is applied from point Y of bridge to the grid of amplifier stage V2A, amplified signal from V2A is then applied the voltage-doubler rectifier circuit, consist ing of V2B, V2C, C3, and C4, The regulting negative DC voltage is applied to the grid of ‘eye inbe V3, closing the eye, a BES When the bridge is balanced, no signal {s applied from the bridge to V2A. Therefore, no negative DC voltage ia present at the gridof the eye tube, and the eye stays open, CAPACITOR LEAKAGE CHECKING LEAKAGE ‘When checking 2 capacitor for leakage, V2A ia connected as a DC amplifier, When voltage is applied to the capacitor under tast, through 10 KN Mmiting resistor R40, the capacttor charges, drawing current through gridresistor Rg of V2A. ‘The voltage drop across this resistor causes V2A to conduct due to a positive voltage developed on ite grid, This changes the voltage at the plate of V2A andatthe gridof the eye tube, causing the eye to close, When the capacitor is fully charged, current censes to flow through gridresistor Re, and the grid voltage af V2A retorns toite original value, The plate voltage of-V2A also returns to ite original value and the eye tube cpens, This indicatss @ good capacitor, se If the capacitor being checked is leaky or shorted, current continues to flow through grid resistor Rg, preventing the oye inbo from opening. Calfbrate controls R43, 44, and 45, connected in parallel with Type switch resistors R37, 38 and 39, are adjustsd for proper grid current through Rg for ditferent types of capacitors, ‘LEAKAGE DISCHARGE When the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch is moved trom the LEAKAGE position to the DISCHARGE position, the capacitor under test is shuntsd to ground through resistors R40 and R36, During the resulting discharge time, a voltage is again developed at the grid of amplifier stage V2A. In turn, V2A causes a change in the grid ‘of eye tube V3, causing the eye toclose, Afte capacitor has discharged, the voltage on the grid of tube V2A returns to tts original value and the eys inbe opens, il Figure 6 POWER SUPPLY ‘The transformer-cperated power supply uses Vi in a half-wave rectifier circuit, The fused primary circuit of the transformer is sym- metrically bypassed with C9 and C10 for in- creased accuracy when measuring low capaci- tance at 60 cps, The filament ctreuit igeffective- ly center tapped with Rél and RAZ, Capacitors Cl and C2, with resistors Ri, R2, R3, Ré, and RS make up a filter-voltage divider network to provide proper DC voltages to the circuit,TEBE. QUTc See he Treat for tinge vorout tees ‘ot copcttrs tsusaronrn Sena roto INALS: Permits 7 RED ‘birding anorternatstondardcar: ai acx | orartito tw beige cre unex i EXT. SEN. TERMINALS: permite Boner ng Ir oriage wi Gn entra) ‘enerarar. PICTORIAL 12 Refer to Pictorial 12 and Detail 124 for the following steps, NOTE: The Imcbs supplied with this kit use Imeb bushings that provide permanent positive gripping without the use of setscrews, In the following steps you will install a knob on each of the four shafts as shown in Pictorial 12 and Detail 12A, Perform these steps carefully since it is vor alficull to Femove-s ich BuaES ‘Knob once it is fully inserted, Fach knob will be made to align with particular panel markings, Whenever you remove a knob, be sure to replace it on the same shaft, () Push a knob bushing part way onto each of the Voltage switch, Range switch and Power Factor control shafts, Then turn all shafts to their full counterclockwise position, ANGE SYTHE slate ne proper Sncard or Oa brlage crcut age swircit selectemepro- Sachets vor won acc Saracen ieage. ‘BIBL EAKAGE SH TC eet ee Tew chen |) Chance, or LEAKAGE. Buace REDS yest TERMINALS: Ace ane for Zonrecing te camarentuncer to toe oviage eeu. Detail 124Page 24 Secor TEST AND CALIBRATION TESTING If any of the following steps do not produce the desired results, turn the instrument OFF and refer to the In Case Of Difficulty section, ‘Make sure the line cord is plugged into an outlet of the proper voltage, Turn the instrument on by moving the AC slide switch to the ON position, After a few seconds for warmup, the eye tube should have a green glow and the filaments of ‘the 3 tubes should be lit, Set the controls to the following positions, SONTROL POSITION (_) BRIDGE-LEAKAGE BRIDGE () Gen, INT, () Type ewiten Any (.) VOLTAGE 8 (.) POWER FACTOR ° () RANGE . ‘*For positions R X1 through C XI, the eye tube should be closed with the Balance contro! {in any position except maximum clockwise, The tube should be open when the Balance control is maximum clockwise, Position the Balance control maximum clockwise and with your finger touch the negative TEST terminal, The eye tube should tend to close when the RANGE switchis in positions R x100 through C X,01. (_) Set the RANGE switch to C EXT, SCALE, In this position, the eye tube should be closed regardless of the Balance control position, () Now set the RANGE switch to EXT. STD, In this position, the eye tube should be cpen regardless of the Balance control position, ‘As before, touching the negative TEST terminal or the red EXT, STD, terminal should close the eye tube. () Switeh the GEN, switch to EXT, position. ‘The eye tube should remain open regard- Jess of the RANGE switch or Balance control positions, VOLTAGE TEST () Connect a voltmeter (VIVM or 10009/volt) to the TEST terminals, Set the voltmeter to ead high DC+, Set the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch in LEAKAGE postion and the TYPE switch to ELECTROLYTIC, Now turn the VOLTAGE switch through its 18 positions. ‘The voltmeter reading should be essentially the same as the VOLTAGE switch indiea- tions, BRIDGE CALIBRATION Connect the 200 2 1% precision resistor to the TEST terminals, Set the RANGE switen to the R XI and the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to the BRIDGE, position, Set the GEN, switen fo NT, Push a kul) bushing onto the BALANCE CONTROL shaft, and adjust the shaft very care fully for ‘maximum opening of the eye tube, Position the pointer knob so the pointer index line 4s straight down and is over the "I" at the center of the EXTERNAL STANDARD scale, Push the knob partially onto the tushing, Ae before, remove the knob and bushing together, fally insert the bushing into the kab, and ree place the pointer knob on its shaft, () Remove the 200 @ resistor and keep it for future calibration checks, LEAKAGE CALIBRATION ‘There are two calibration procedures which can bo used: the first without and the second wilh milliammeler, The first is quite satis- factory, however, the second procedure will provide greater accuracy, CALIBRATION WITH NO MILLIAMMETER 1, Turn the instrument on, and allow it to warm up, 2, Connect a 100 K® (brown-black-yellow) resistor across the TEST terminals, 3, Set the controls as follows VOLTAGE -- 300 volts, ‘Type -- ELECTROLYTIC. BRIDGE. LEAKAGE -- LEAKAGE,eum Page 25 4, Adjust the eye tube to “just closed” with the top (AD) calibrate control, 5. Move the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to DISCHARGE and remove the 100 K2 re- aistor, 6, Connect a 1,5:megohm (brown-green-green) resistor across the TEST terminals, 7, Set the controls as follows: 8, Adjust the eye tube to the "just closed" Dosttion with the” bottom (AB) calibrate 8, Sot the eontrola as follows: VOLTAGE --3 volts, ‘Type -- PAPER. BRIDGE-LEAKAGE -- LEAKAGE, 10, Adjust the eye tube to "Just closed" post- ‘tion with the center (AC) ‘calstrate control, 11, Return the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to DISCHARGE and remove the 1,5 megohm resistor from the Test terminals, CALIBRATION WITH A MILLIAMMETER, 1, Comneet the meter in series with a2 meg- ‘ohm control (not supplied) across the TEST terminals, 4, Adjust the 2 mogohm control until the meter reads 2 ma, Aajust me eye tube to the “Just closed” Position with the top (AD) calibrate control, 6, Set the controls as follows: TYPE -- MIN, ‘LYTIC, BRIDGE-LEAKAGE -- LEAKAGE 7, Reduce the VOLTAGE switch setting and rotate the 2 megohun control until the meter reads 15 ua, 8, Adjust the eye tube to the "Just closed” position with the bottom (AB) calibrate control, 4, Set the controls as follows E necessary, reduce the VOLTAGE switch setting, and inereage the 2 megohm control until the meter reads 2 a, 11, Set the eye tube to the "just closed” position with the center (AC) calibrate control, LEAKAGE REFERENCE CHECK Due to component tolerances and tine voltage variations, it is usually not possible to draw 2 ma from the power supply on the 25 volt setting of tho VOLTAGE switch, To determine the degree of closure of the éye tube under short conditions, set the VOLTAGE switch to 25, BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to LEAKAGE, and the Type switch to ELECTROLYTIC. Momon- tarily short the TEST terminals with a screw. driver and observe the eye tube, The size of the opening remaining should be ‘mentally re- tained as an indication af short conditions on the 25 voit setting only, The 80 volt position should completely close the eye, NOTE: A completely shorted capacitor will be detected during the value test (Bridge Circuit), It is not recommended that the leakage test’ be por- formed on a capacitor Imown to be shorted damage to the power eupply EYE TUBE POSITIONING With the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch in the BRIDGE position, rotate the Balance controlfor a very narrow opening af the eye tube, Next ro tate the eye tube in ite mounting clip until the eye tube opening is vertical, Install the cabinet using two 6-32%3/8"" screws, The screws are placed through the rear of the cabinet and into the speednuts in the rear chas- ais flange,Page 26 i OPERATION Pictorial 12 (on Page 22) explains the eye tube, ‘and front panel controls and terminals, CAUTION: The cireuit ground and the case of this instrument are both connected to the power Vine ground through the green wire of the Tine cord, Always connect the ground test lead of this “device to the chassis, or ground, of the eireuit being tested or measured, NOTE: It is always best to connect the component under test directly to the TEST terminals, Long test leads may pick up stray AC fields and give inaccurate readings, If test leads must be used, ‘keep them as short a8 possible, RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Connect the unknown resistance to the TEST terminals, Set the RANGE switch to one of the “R" multipliers, The GEN, switch should always be in INT. position on all tests unless an ex- ternal generator is used, The Type, VOLTAGE, and POWER FACTOR cuntrols ary not used In this test, Set the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to ‘the BRIDGE position, Adjust the Balance control for maximum eye tube opening, Read the resist- ance indicated by the Balance control pointer on ‘the "RY scale and multiply by the RANGE switch setting, CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT Lower Ranges-X ,0001 And X .01 Connect the unknown expacity to the TEST termi- nals, The VOLTAGE switch is not used in this teat, Set the Type switeh to its lower position, this position is for paper, mica, ceramic, glass, and muy oler small value Capacitors, ‘The RANGE switch shouldbe inelther the C X.0001 oF © X01 position, depending on the size of the cexpacitaice under test, Set the BRIDGE-LEAK- AGE switch to the BRIDGE posttion and adjust the Balance control for eyo tube opening, Read the value af the capacitance onthe”"C" scale and multiply by the RANGE switch setting, NOTE: To obtain sharper eye tube indleations when measuring small capacitance values, con= nect an external gonerator to the EXT, GEN, terminals and set the GEN, switch to EXT, position, Set the generator to 1000 eps. High Range - X1, Extended Scale WHEN CHECKING ELECTROLYTIC CAPAC- ITORS IT 18 ESSENTIAL THAT POLARITY BE OBSERVED. The positive (+) lead of the ca- pacitor shotld be connected to the positive (ved) binding post, and the nogative (-) lead to the negative (black) binding post of the TEST termin- nals, The VOLTAGE switch is not used in this test, Set the Type switch to elther the MIN. LYTIC or ELECTROLYTIC position, depending on the capacitor under test, NOTE: A MIN, ‘LYTIC (miniature electrolytic) can be distinguished from an electrolytic by its high cxpacitance, low working voltage and small physical size. Min- ature electroiytics are usually encased in ceramic or plastic and are completely sealed, ‘Adjust the Balance control and the “POWER FACTOR control for the widest opening of the eye tube, Read the capacitance on the "C" seale or EXTENDED scale, depending on the RANGE switch setting. The capacitance is read at so much (6) power factor. For example: 40 fa at 6% power factor. *Power Factor is the measure of the energy Joss in an imperfect capacitor. In filter appli~ cations, a higher power factor decreases the effective capacity so that the effective ca~ pacity at 20 PF (Power Factor) is 96% of the measured capacity, At 30% PF, the effect ive capacity is decreased to 95%, While at 50% PF, the effvclive capacity Is decreased to 67% of the measured capacity, A. significant point of the capacitor test, well worth remembering, is that a capacitor which will not balance on any of the ranges but allows the eye tubo to open on the low end of the 1ow range, is an open capacitor. A capacitor which allows the eye to open on the high end af the high range is a shorted capacitor, In either case, there is no reason to carry the test any further,eae: Page 27 LEAKAGE TEST ‘Mer the capacitor value has been detsrmined, a leakage tsst for quality can be made, Set the VOLTAGE switch to the voltage rating of the capacitor (the four voltage positions below 25 volts are, to be used for miniature electro- iyiles only), whtch ts usually printed on the ca- pacitor itself, Push the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switch to the LEAKAGE position and observe the action of the eye tube. A sudden closing and then return to normal shadow angle indtcates satisfactory capacitor, A partially closed eye or ‘fluttering condition would indicate an intermittent condition, the aye stays closed the eapacitar ta leaky. NOTE: The eye may not open on some elec- trolyties, especially arge electrolytic, This does not’ always mean the capacitor is shorted, Rafer to the Capacitor Current section watch follows. After the leakage test, return the BRIDGE- LEAKAGE swilch die DISCHARGE position, ‘When the eye tube opens, the capacitor nnder test is discharged and ssfe to handle, CAPACITOR CURRENT ‘The eye will close when approximately 2 milti- amperes of direct current are drawn through the test clreult when checking slectroiylic oa- pacttors, Approximately 15 mfcroamperes of current ‘are required to close the eye when checking miniature electrolytics, and approxi- mately 2 mlcroamperes are required when checking paper, mca, ete., capacitors, Some electrolytic capacitors may allow 2 milit- amperes of current to go through them and still be sallstactory. Ia this case, Uw eye will not open, showing the capacitor to be leaky or shorted, ‘Leakage current is calculated with the following formula: I= KxC + .3 mflliamperes of maximum current through the capacitor, eapanitanca in jefd. constant relative to the voltage rating of the capacitor, as follows: 310100 volts = K = 01 101 to 250 volts = K = 102 251 to 350 volte = K = .025 351 to 450 volta = K = (04 EXAMPLE: 40 ufd capacitor rated at 450 volts, T= KxC+3 04x 40.3 84.3 1.9 militamperes, EXTERNAL STANDARD SCALES Connect a component of known value to the EXT. STD, terminals, If the component to be tested is a resistor, then the EXT, STD, component must be a resistor; for checking ca~ paettors, the EXT. STD. component must be 2 capacitor, ete; for checking induetance, use a coll of known value as the external standard, Set the RANGE switch to EXT. STD, and the BRIDGE-LEAKAGE switeh to BRIDGE, Adjust the Balance control for eye tube opening. When measuring resistance or inductance and the pointer is on the left side af the scale, multiply the value of the EXT, STD, component by the pointer reading on the EXT. STD. scale, If the pointer ts on the right side of the scale, divide the EXT. STD. component by the pointer reading, When measuring capacitance, divide the value of the EXT. STD. component by the pointer reading when the pointer 1s on the left side; multiply the value of the EXT. STD, component by the dial reading when the pointer {s on the right side, To improve accuracy when checking small capacitance values, connect a generator to the EXT. GEN. terminals and push the GEN. switch to the EXT. posttion, Set the generator at 1000 cps and set the RANGE switch to EXT, STD, Balance the bridge for eye tube opening indica~ ton, I the pointer does not read "1" (center cf Scale), add capacitance to the appropriate terminals (TEST or EXT, STD.) until the pointer is at center scale with the bridge balanced, ‘This capacitance should be left on the terminals when checking small value ca- pacitances on the EXT. STD. scale, NOTE: When measuring inductance, an external standard must be used as no internal inductance is provided, The external standard inductance should have characteristics similar to those of the inductance being measured. Maltiply for pointer readings on the left side of the scalePage 26 =e and divide for readings on the right side of the scale, MEASURING TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO Connect either pair of leads (primary or sec- ondary) to the TEST terminals and the other pair to the EXT, STD, terminals, (interchanging the primary and secondary leads only results in reading the ratio on the other side of the seals.) Set the RANGE switch to EXT. STD. and adjust the Balance control for eye tube opening, Read the TURNS RATIO directly on the EX- TERNAL STANDARD scale, Polarity te important when measuring turns ratio, dne to transformer action, That is, a signal appearing in one winding will also appear in the other winding. If eye tube opening cannot be obtained, reverse the leads of one winding. In some cases, the ratio may be misleading, ‘This 13 dne to the non-loaded condition of the ‘transformer under test. For example, the fila~ ment winding of a transformer might showupas something other than 16:1. Assuming the primary winding {8 117 yolts and the filament winding is 6.3 volts, the turns ratio is equal tothe primary IN CASE OF Recheck the wiring, Trace each lead in colored pencil on the Pictorial as it is chocked. it is frequently helpfui to have a friend check your work, Someone whois not familiar with the unit may notice something consistently overlooked by the constructor. It is interesting to note that about 9O%af the dts that are returned for repair, do not funetion properly due to poor eontections: and soldering, Therefore, many troubles can be eliminated by reheating all connee- tions to make sure that they are soldered ‘a8 described in the Proper Soldering Tech- niques section of this manual, Make sure that all tubes light up properly. 4 Check the tubes with a tube tester or by Substitution af tubes Inown to be good, 5, Check the values of the component parts, Be sure that the proper part has beon wired into the circuit, as shown in the yoltage (117 volts) divided by the secondary filament winding voltage (6,3 volts), which is approximately equal to 16:1. EXT. GEN. An external generator may be used for checking ‘components at frequencies other than internal 60 cps, Any audio generator capable of delivering 2 volts or more to the EXT, GEN. terminals at the desired frequency may be used, Alarger signal voltage will give a sharper mull indication. ‘on the eye tube, The maximum voltage that should be applied to the EXT, GEN, terminals iy 6 volts, measured with the Capacitor Checker operating, The un- loaded external generator voltage may be as high as 10 volts, but the very low impedance of this circuit permits a heavy current tobe drawn, which results in a large voltage drop. The frequency Limit of this circuit 1s 10,000 eps, A point toremember, when using this instrument, is that the greatest error will occur at the ends of the scales, Therefore, for greatest acouraey, use the range that will give 2 null indication on the eye tube nearest center scale, DIFFICULTY pictorial diagrams and as called out in the wiring instructions, Check for bits of solder, wire ends or other foreign matter which may be lodged in the ‘wiring beneath the chassis, “lf, after careful checks, the trouble is still not located and a voltmeter is available, check voltage readings against those found on the Schematic Diagram, NOTE: All voltage readings were taken with an 11 megohm vacuum tube voltmeter. Voltages may vary as much as 10% due to line voltage variations, A review of the Circuit Description will prove helpful in indicating where to look for trouble, NOTE: In an extreme case where you are unable to resolve a difficulty, refer to the Service and Warranty section of the “Kit Builders Guide”, and to the “Factory Repait Service information on Page 81 ofthis Wanual,Se Page 29 REPLACEMENT PARTS PRICE LIST ‘To order parts, use the Parts Order Form fur- PART PRICE DESCRIPTION nished with this kit, E Parta Order Form is not No, hn available, refer to Replacement Parts in the Kit Builders Guide, TUBES. TRANSFORMERS PART PRICE DESCRIPTION to Bah 411-128 1,60 SBNA tube 411-120 2185 SES tube RESISTORS: 411-156 1,25 GAX4 tube 51-80 1,75 Bridge transformer 13 19 1009.1/2 watt 54-34-24 8100 Power transformer rr? Ho Sena d72 watt CONNECTORS-TERMINAL STRIPS-SOCKETS te 40 Seon tia ate 100-16-2. 10 Binding post cap, black 14a Slo 2200 9 1/2 watt 100-16-18 [10 Binding post cap, red 418 = ho 900.212 watt 427-3115. Binding post base 1-20 10 10 KQ 1/2 watt 431-1 .10 Dual-lug terminal strip 425010 47 KR 1/2 watt 431-12 [10 Slog torminal strip 3:26 © [10 100K 4/2" watt 481-11 [10 S-lug terminal strip 1-29 «10 220 KN 1/2 watt 431-16 10° 2-lug terminal strip 3:88 10. mogonm 4/2 watt 434-a1 110 Octal socket 1-38 Tio 1,5 megohm 1/2 watt 434-12 135 6-pin tube socket BO a5 no 01/2 wat 1B precision 404-77 18 -pin be ocket 2-35 20 9000 2 1/2 watt 1%precision 2-38 120-20 KR 1/2 watt 1% precision METAL PARTS-KNOBS 2-55 200 2 ohm 1/2 watt 1! aaa 4 Pe oo. a14 5.00 Cabinet Ase 10 BER watt 200-525 \65 Chassis iie-2 12093 KR 2 watt 203-250-2 1.25 Front panel 110-2 (20 47 KN2 watt 462-07 (10 Lever swilel kuob TiO 30.—«10 KR 10 yatt wire-wound 455-50 “10-_Knob bushing sre ™ 402-245 125 Knob CAPACITORS 462-253 155 Pointer knob 20-2 «15 200 wut molded mica 21-11 113.001 ud dise ceramic 1400. 27-69 1,50 02 utd Mylar HARDWARE 29-59 (20105 ud tubular 2-28 20 LA utd tubular 250-2 053-48 x 5/18" screw 23-58 4015 fd tubular 250-18 058-82 x 3/8" screw 27-68 2.40 2 ufd Mylar 250-26 © (056-32 x5/ 25-41 1,00 40 fd 350 V electrolytic 250-48 105.632 x 1/2" screw 2r-at 120A pd Mylar 250-89 © 1036-32 x 3/8" screw 250-88 [05 #10 sheet metal screw CONTROLS-SWITCHES 252-1 © 1053-48 mut 252-3 (056-32 mut 10-56 38 100_-KM tab-mount control 252-4 «1058-32 nut 14-101 118 1000 control, wire. wound 60-1 115 SPST slide switch 105 Speednot 125 DPDT slide switch 258-9 © 105. #8 flat washer 2/10 3-position lever switch 253-10 (05 Control flat washer 1,90 3-position lever awitch 254-7 105. #9 lockwasher 2:40 16-position rotary switch 254-1 105 #6 lockwasher 1,30 8-position rotary switch 254-2 (05 #6 lockwasherPage 30 ie PART PRICE DESCRIPTION No Each Hardware (cont’d.) 254-5 .05 Small control Jockwasher 254-4 05 Control tockewasher 255-1 05 1/8" apacor 255-13 1051/4" epacer 250-1 05 #8 solder Ing 259-2 105. #8 soldsr Ing 206-2 «= 110. Mounting elip INSULATORS-WIRE. 13-1 75-17 75-30 B11 80-23 134-38, 344-59 10 Grommet 110 Binding post insulator {10 Strain relief, round cord 110 Strain relief, flat cord 215 Line cord 1,05 Wire harness 105/ft Hookmp wire PART PRICE DESCRIPTION No, Each MISCELLANEOUS 207-88 20 Tube retaining clamp 2-15 (20, Hanate 261-9 (05 —-Rubber foot 421-20 1301/2 ampere slow-blow fuse 422-1 125 Fuseholder 492-27 [40—_Line cord adapter 331-6 115 Solder 400-5 110 —‘Nut starter 2.00 Manual (See front cover for part number.) ‘The above prices spply only on purchases from the Heath Company where shipment is toa U.S.A, destination, Add 10% (minimum 28 cents) 0 the price when ordering from an authorizedService Center or Heathkit Electronic Center to cover Jocal sales tax, postage and handling, Outside the U.S,A, parta and aervice are avaliable from your local Heathkit source and willreflect addi- onal transportation, taxes, daties and rates of exchange,SCHEMATIC ‘OF THE, neki CAPACITOR CHECKER he ieee oO = fea a @