Submitted by: Dilawar Sajjad

Submitted to: Mam Pinkish Zahrah

Class : 5 th morning

Department : English

THEMES

1. Murder of Manners:
Christie began writing fiction in the early twentieth century, few decades after the death of
Queen Victoria of England. In British history, the Victorian Era was a time of economic,
industrial, and political consolidation. Socially, the era was marked by increasing conservatism.
Christie's story reflects this societal conservatism in the more muted manner in which her
victims are slain. Christie kills her victims using less visible techniques rather than employing
strong scenes of vivid violence. Christie, for example, utilizes poisons to kill her victims, and her
victims are typically slain alone. Her stories' mystery and suspense are developed not via
dramatic use of violence, but rather through violence imagined in the reader's mind.

2. Justice and Retribution:

In Agatha Christie's novel "And Then There Were None," the concept of justice and revenge is
crucial to the captivating plot. Ten individuals are drawn to a distant island by a dark type of
poetic justice, each convicted of past crimes for which they evaded punishment. The nursery
song "Ten Little Soldiers" acts as a road plan for their deaths, which correspond to their specific
crimes. As they deal with the concept that their own acts are coming back to haunt them, the
protagonists are forced to confront their guilt and moral quandaries. The psychological agony
they experience while waiting for their destiny is a type of retribution in and of itself, making
them suffer for their previous actions. The eventual exposure of the killer's identity, someone
pursuing their own brand of justice, calls into question the morals and ethics of vigilantism. As
the people die, the work challenges readers to consider the fairness and morality of these
penalties, providing a thought-provoking analysis of justice and vengeance.

3. Resolution of Order:
The fundamental notion in detective genre literature is that the true order of the universe may
be restored via the detection of guilt and the eradication of evil from the world. Christie's work
exemplifies this idea. The Indian Island killer aspires to restore global order; the novel's victims
have committed heinous crimes against humanity and have been permitted to live their lives
unpunished. Through his brutality, the killer eliminates this evil from the world. Literary critics
have highlighted that this process of resolution is one of the reasons for the genre's widespread
success - this resolution of order removes ambiguity and allows the reader to conclude the
story with their conscience clean of guilt.

4. The "Ten Little Soldiers" Poem:

The concept of Agatha Christie's novel "And Then There Were None" Ten Little Soldiers" poem
is crucial to the story's structure and the characters' growing crisis. The poem, which is
prominently exhibited throughout the novel, functions as a scary and foreboding countdown
that matches the sequence of killings on the secluded island. As each visitor is accused of a
prior crime, they are given a framed line of the nursery rhyme, intensifying their sense of
impending doom and guilt. The poem functions as a macabre foreboding as well as a symbol of
justice and revenge. It emphasizes the notion that the individuals' prior transgressions have
come back to haunt them, and their destinies are inextricably related to their specific sins. The
poem's persistent string of words heightens the tension, establishing a sense of inexorable
justice in which each individual meets their doom based on their specific infraction. Finally, the
poem "Ten Little Soldiers" is a terrifying and powerful narrative device that underlines the
novel's concept of justice and vengeance while casting an unpleasant shadow over the
unfolding mystery.

5. The Identity of the Killer:

In Agatha Christie's novel "And Then There Were None," the theme of "The Identity of the
Killer" is central to the suspense and intrigue that drives the narrative. Ten strangers are lured
to a remote island, accused of past crimes, and systematically murdered one by one. As the
characters grapple with fear and paranoia, the question of who among them is the killer
becomes the ultimate mystery. Christie masterfully manipulates her readers' perceptions,
shifting suspicions from one character to another, ultimately revealing the true murderer in a
shocking twist. This theme explores the complexity of human nature and the capacity for
deception, reflecting the idea that one's true identity can be concealed even in the most
confined and dire circumstances, making it a classic example of the whodunit genre.

Plot Analysis:
Agatha Christie's famous mystery novel "And Then There Were None" was originally published
in 1939. The novel's storyline revolves around 10 strangers who are brought to a remote island
under various guises, only to find themselves stranded and accused of prior misdeeds. As the
narrative progresses, the characters are slaughtered one by one, in accordance with a terrifying
nursery rhyme that hangs on the wall of the island's house. The narrative is a fascinating and
sophisticated puzzle that keeps readers guessing right up until the finish.

The plot opens with the arrival of 10 seemingly unconnected people to Soldier Island, a remote
estate off the coast of England. Each visitor has been invited or has gotten a job offer, and they
quickly learn that their host, who is still missing, is nowhere to be found. As they discover there
is no way off the island and they are blocked off from the outside world, tensions mount.

When a gramophone tape accuses each visitor of particular crimes they committed in the past,
crimes that resulted in the deaths of innocent people, the narrative picks up steam. The charges
range from manslaughter to murder on purpose, and the visitors become increasingly paranoid
and distrustful of one another. As the protagonists are forced to confront their dark pasts, this
psychological tension serves as the story's foundation.
The novel's denouement exposes the identity of the killer, which surprises both the characters
and the readers. Agatha Christie's sophisticated planning and deft deception elevate "And Then
There Were None" to the level of a mystery genre classic. As the novel's riddles are revealed,
the ending ties up all the loose ends and leaves readers satisfied.

Finally, "And Then There Were None" is a riveting and exciting mystery story that enthralls
readers with its sophisticated narrative, well-developed characters, and psychological strain.
Agatha Christie's storytelling talent comes through as she constructs a complicated tale of
deception and murder. The novel's continued success attests to the timeless appeal of this
great work in the mystery genre.