附錄二：

詞類分類表

I. 虛詞 (Function Words)
1. 冠詞 (Articles)……………... 131

2. 連接詞 (Conjunctions) ……. 131

3. 介系詞 (Prepositions)……… 131

4. 代名詞 (Pronouns)…….…… 131

II. 實詞 (Content Words)

1. 形容詞 (Adjectives)……….. 133

2. 副詞 (Adverbs)…………….. 144

3. 名詞 (Nouns)………………. 147

4. 動詞 (Verbs)……………….. 181
Function Words

I. FUNCTION WORDS (虛詞)

ARTICLES PREPOSITIONS like (1)
a/an aboard midst
the about minus
above near
CONJUNCTIONS according to of
after across off
although after on
and against onto
as along opposite
because alongside out
before amid/amidst outside
but among over
either (1) around past (1)
for as per
if at plus
lest before regarding
neither behind round
nor below since
once beneath than
only beside through
or besides throughout
since between to
so (2) beyond toward(s)
than but under
that by underneath
then concerning until/till
though despite up
unless down upon
until/till during versus
when except/excepting via
whenever following with
where for within
whereas from without
wherever in
whether including PRONOUNS
while (1) inside all
yet into another
less any

131
 Function Words

anybody/anyone someone
anything something
as such
both that
certain their(s)
each them
either (1) these
few they
he this
her(s) those
him us
his we
I what
it whatever
its whatsoever
least when
less where
many which
me who
mine (2) whoever
more whom
most whose
much you
my your(s)
neither
nobody
none
nothing
nowhere
one
other
our(s)
own
plenty
same
several
she
some
somebody

132
 Content Words/Adjectives

II. CONTENT WORDS DS (實詞)

ADJECTIVES alike atomic
able alive attendant
abnormal all attractive
aboriginal allergic audio
above alone authentic
abrupt alternate automatic
absent alternative available
absentminded amateur average
absolute ambiguous awake
abstract ambitious aware
absurd amiable awesome
abundant ample awful
academic analytical awkward
acceptable ancient back
accessible angry backward
accessory animate bad
accidental annual bald
accountable anonymous bankrupt
accurate another barbarian
ace Antarctic/antarctic bare
acid antibiotic barefoot
active antique barren
actual anxious basic
acute any bass
additional apparent beautiful
adequate applicable believable
administrative appropriate beloved
admirable approximate beneficial
adolescent apt best
adult Arctic/arctic better
advanced arithmetic big
affectionate arrogant biological
afraid articulate bitter
aggressive artificial bizarre
agreeable artistic black
agricultural ashamed blank
airtight asleep bleak
alcoholic associate blind
alert astray blond/blonde
alien athletic bloody

133
 Content Words/Adjectives

blue chilly concrete

blunt choice confident
bodily chronic confidential
bold chubby conscientious
bony circular conscious
born civic consequent
both civil conservative
bottom civilian considerable
brass classic considerate
brave classical consistent
brief clean constant
bright clear constituent
brilliant clever constitutional
brisk clinical constructive
broad clockwise contagious
broke close (1) contemporary
bronze cloudy content (1)
brown clumsy continental
brutal coarse continual
brute coherent continuous
bulky cold contrary
busy collective controversial
calm colloquial convenient
capable colonial conventional
capital (1) colorful cool
captive comfortable cooperative
carefree comic (1) coordinate
careful commercial copper
casual common coral
cautious commonplace cordial
central communicative corporate
ceramic communist correct
certain compact corrupt
changeable comparable cosmetic
characteristic comparative cosmopolitan
charitable compassionate costly
cheap compatible countable
cheerful competent counter (2)
chemical competitive counterclockwise
cherry complete courageous
chestnut complex courteous
chief component cowardly
childish compound cozy
childlike comprehensive crazy
chill concise cream
134
Content Words/Adjectives

creative desirable dubious

credible desperate due
criminal destined dull
crisp/crispy destructive dumb
critical detective durable
crooked different dusty
crucial difficult dynamic
crude digital each
cruel diligent eager
crunchy dim early
crystal diplomatic earnest
cultural direct east
cumulative dirty eastern
cunning disastrous easy
curious disciplinary eccentric
current discreet economic
customary disgraceful economical
cute dishonest edible
daily dispensable editorial
damp disposable educational
dangerous dissident effective
dark distant efficient
darling distinct eight
dead distinctive eighteen
deadly distinguished eighty
deaf diverse either (1)
dear divine elaborate
decent dizzy elastic
decisive documentary elder
deep domestic elderly
defensible dominant elect
defensive double electric/electrical
definite doubtful electronic
deliberate down elegant
delicate downstairs elementary
delicious downtown eleven
delightful downward eligible
delinquent dramatic elite
democratic drastic eloquent
dense dreadful emotional
dental dreary emphatic
dependable drowsy empty
dependent drunk energetic
descriptive dry English
designate dual enjoyable
135
 Content Words/Adjectives

enormous facial fond

enough faint foolish
enthusiastic fair (1) foreign
entire fairy forgetful
envious faithful formal
environmental fake former
epidemic false formidable
equal familiar forthcoming
equivalent famous fortunate
erect fancy forty
essential fantastic forward
eternal far fossil
ethical farther foster
ethnic fashionable foul
even (2) fast four
eventual fat fourteen
evergreen fatal fragile
every favorable fragrant
evident favorite frail
evil fearful frank
exact feasible frantic
excellent federal free
exceptional feeble frequent
excess female fresh
excessive feminine friendly
exclusive fertile front
executive few full
exotic fierce functional
expensive fifteen fundamental
experimental fifty funny
expert final furious
explicit financial further
explosive fine (1) future
express (2) finite gay
expressive fireproof general (1)
exquisite firm generous
extensive first genetic
exterior fit gentle
external five genuine
extinct flat geographical
extra flexible giant
extracurricular fluent gifted
extraordinary fluid gigantic
extreme foggy glad
fabulous following global
136
Content Words/Adjectives

gloomy hoarse incidental

glorious hollow inclusive
gold holy independent
golden home indifferent
good homesick indignant
gorgeous homosexual indispensable
graceful honest individual
gracious honorable indoor
gradual honorary industrial
grammatical hopeful inevitable
grand horizontal infectious
graphic horrible inferior
grassy hospitable infinite
grateful hostile influential
grave (1) hot informative
gray/grey hourly ingenious
greasy huge inherent
great human initial (1)
greedy humanitarian initiate
green humble initiative
grim humid inland
gross humorous inner
guilty hundred innocent
habitual hungry innovative
half hysterical innumerable
handsome icy inside
handy ideal instant
happy identical intact
hard idle intellectual
hardy ignorant intelligent
harmful ill intense
harsh imaginable intensive
hasty imaginary intent
hateful imaginative interior
healthful immediate intermediate
healthy immense internal
hearty immune international
heavenly imperative intimate
heavy imperial invaluable
helpful implicit inward
heroic important iron
heterosexual imposing ironic
high impressive irritable
historic in ivory
historical incentive jealous
137
 Content Words/Adjectives

joint local measurable

jolly locomotive mechanical
joyful lofty medical
joyous logical medieval
juicy lone melancholy
junior lonely mellow
just(1) lonesome memorable
juvenile long (1) memorial
keen loose mental
key (2) loud mere
kin lousy merry
kind (1) lovely messy
knowledgeable low metal
lame loyal metropolitan
large lucky middle
last (1) lunar mighty
late lunatic migrant
latest lush mild
latter luxurious militant
lawful lyric military
lazy mad miniature
lean (2) magic minimal
learned magical minimum
least magnetic minor
left magnificent minus
legal maiden miraculous
legendary main mischievous
legislative majestic miserable
legitimate major missing
leisurely male missionary
lengthy manageable mobile
less manifest mock
level manual moderate
liable many modern
liberal marginal modest
lifelong marine moist
light (1) martial monotonous
light (2) marvelous monstrous
likely masculine monthly
literal massive moral
literary mathematical more
literate mature mortal
little maximum most
live (1) mean (2) mountainous
lively meaningful mournful
138
Content Words/Adjectives

movable notorious oval

much novel (1) overall
muddy nuclear overhead
multiple nude overnight
municipal numerous overseas
muscular nutrient own
musical nutritious pacific
mute O.K./OK/okay painful
mutual obedient pale
mysterious objective (1) parallel
naive oblong partial
naked obscure particular
narrative obstinate passionate
narrow obvious passive
nasty occasional past (2)
national odd patent
native off pathetic
natural offensive patient (1)
naughty official patriotic
naval old peaceful
near olive peculiar
nearby one pedestrian
nearsighted only perfect
neat open permanent
necessary operational permissible
needy opposite persistent
negative optimistic personal
neither optional perspective
nervous oral persuasive
neutral orange pessimistic
new orderly petty
next ordinary philosophical
nice organic photographic
nine oriental physical
nineteen original picturesque
ninety other pink
no/nope out pious
noble outdoor plain (1)
noisy outer plastic
nonviolent outgoing playful
normal outrageous pleasant
north outright plentiful
northern outside plural
notable outstanding plus
noticeable outward poetic
139
 Content Words/Adjectives

poisonous proper religious

polar prospective reluctant
polite prosperous remarkable
political protective remote
pollutant proud renowned
poor provincial representative
pop (1) psychological reptile
pop (2)/popular public republican
popular punctual resident
portable pure residential
positive purple resistant
possible quarrelsome resolute
potential queer respectable
powerful quick respectful
practical quiet respective
precious racial responsible
precise radiant retail
preferable radiate reverse
pregnant radical revolutionary
prehistoric ragged rhythmic
preliminary rainy rich
premature random rid
premier rapid ridiculous
present (1) rare right (1)
presidential rash (2) rigid
pretty (1) rational rigorous
preventive raw ripe
previous ready ritual
priceless real roast
primary realistic robust
prime rear rocky
primitive reasonable romantic
principal (1) recent rotten
prior recipient rough
private reckless round
probable recreational routine
productive red royal
professional redundant ruby
profitable reflective rude
profound regardless rugged
progressive regional rural
prominent regular rusty
promising relative (1) sacred
prompt (1) relevant sad
prone reliable safe (1)
140
Content Words/Adjectives

salmon silent southern

salt silly sovereign
salty silver spacious
same similar spare
sane simple special
satisfactory simultaneous specific
savage sincere spectacular
scarce single spicy
scary singular spiral
scenic six spiritual
scientific sixteen splendid
second (1) sixty spontaneous
secondary skeptical square
secret skillful/skilled squat
secure skinny stable
select sleepy stale
selective slender standard
selfish slight stationary
senior slim statistical
sensible slippery steady
sensitive sloppy steep
sentimental slow stern
separate sly sticky
serene small stiff
serious smart still (1)
seven smooth stingy
seventeen sneaky stormy
seventy snowy stout
several sober straight
severe sociable straightforward
sexual social strange
sexy soft strategic
shabby solar stray
shady sole (2) strict
shallow solemn strong
shameful solid structural
sharp solitary stubborn
sheer some stupid
shiny sophisticated sturdy
short sore stylish
shortsighted sorrowful subjective
shrewd sorry submarine
shy sound (1) subordinate
sick sour subsequent
significant south substantial
141
 Content Words/Adjectives

subtle that truthful

suburban theatrical twelve
successful then twenty
successive theoretical two
such these typical
sudden thick ugly
sufficient thin ultimate
suitable third unanimous
sunny thirsty underneath
super thirteen understandable
superb thirty uniform
superficial this unique
superior thorough universal
supersonic those up
superstitious thoughtful upper
supreme thousand upright
sure three upset
surplus thrifty upstairs
suspect tidy upward
suspicious tight urban
sweet timid urgent
swift tiny used
symbolic tiresome used to (2)
sympathetic tolerable useful
synthetic tolerant usual
systematic top utmost
talkative total utter
tall tough vacant
tame toxic vague
tan traditional vain
tasty tragic valiant
technical tranquil valid
technological transparent valuable
tedious tremendous variable
teenage tribal various
temporary tricky vast
ten trim velvet
tender triple verbal
tense triumphant versatile
tentative trivial vertical
terminal tropic very (2)
terrible tropical vicious
terrific troublesome victorious
textile truant video
thankful true vigorous
142
Content Words/Adjectives

violent worst
violet worth
virgin worthwhile
virtual worthy
visible wrong
visual X-ray/x-ray
vital yearly
vivid yellow
vocal young
vocational youthful
voluntary yucky
vulgar yummy
vulnerable
warm
wary
waterproof/watertight
weak
wealthy
weary
weekly
weird
welcome
well (1)
west
western
wet
what
whatever
whatsoever
which
white
whole
wholesale
wholesome
wicked
wide
widespread
wild
willing
windy
wise
witty
wonderful
wooden
worse
143
 Content Words/Adverbs

ADVERBS beforehand far

a.m./am/A.M./AM behind farther
aboard below fast
about besides fine (1)
above best firm
abroad better first
accordingly between fit
across beyond flat
after bodily forever
afterward(s) both forth
again bright forward
ago but forward(s)
ahead by foul
alike cheap free
all clean further
almost clear furthermore
alone clockwise good
along close (1) half
alongside counter (2) hard
aloud counterclockwise hardly
already daily hence
also deadly here
altogether dear hereafter
always deep high
any direct highly
anyhow double home
anytime down hourly
anyway downstairs how
anywhere/anyplace downtown however
apart downward(s) ill
around due in
as each indeed
aside early indoors
astray east inland
away either (2) inside
awhile else instead
back elsewhere inward
backward enough inward(s)
backward(s) especially jolly
badly even (1) just(2)
bang ever largely
barefoot express (2) last (1)
barely extra late
before fair (1) lately
fairly least
144
Content Words/Adverbs

left outright somewhat

leisurely outside somewhere
less outward(s) soon
light (2) over sore
likely overall south
likewise overhead steady
little overnight still (2)
long (1) overseas straight
loud p.m./pm/P.M./PM super
low partly sure
maybe past (1) that
meantime perhaps then
meanwhile plenty there
monthly pop (1) thereafter
more post (2) thereby
moreover pretty (2) therefore
most prior third
mostly quick this
much quite though
namely rather through
near regardless throughout
nearby retail thus
nearly right (1) tight
neither rough tiptoe
never roughly today
nevertheless/nonetheless round together
next same tomorrow
no/nope scarcely tonight
none second (1) too
nonetheless seldom true
north sharp twice
not sheer under
now shortly underneath
nowadays simply undoubtedly
nowhere since up
off slap upright
often slow upstairs
O.K./OK/okay smack upward(s)
on small very (1)
once so (1) weekly
only solo well (1)
opposite someday west
otherwise somehow when
out sometime whenever
outdoors sometimes where
145
 Content Words/Adverbs

whereabouts
wherever
wholesale
why
wide
wild
within
without
worse
worst
wrong
yearly
yes/yeah
yesterday
yet

146
Content Words/Nouns

NOUNS addiction airport

abbreviation addition airway
abdomen address aisle
ability adjective alarm
aboriginal adjustment album
aborigine administration alcohol
abortion administrator alcoholic
absence admiral alert
abstraction admiration algebra
abundance admission alien
abuse adolescence all
academy adolescent allergy
acceleration adult alley
accent adulthood alliance
acceptance advance alligator
access advantage allowance/pocket money
accessory adventure ally
accident adverb almond
accommodation advertisement/ad alphabet
accomplishment advertiser alternate
accord advice alternative
accordance adviser/advisor altitude
account (1) advocate aluminum
accountant affair amateur
accounting affection amazement
accumulation afternoon ambassador
accuracy age ambiguity
accusation agency ambition
ace agenda ambulance
ache agent ambush
achievement aggression amount
acid agony amusement
acknowledgement agreement analects
acne agriculture analogy
acquaintance AI/artificial intelligence analysis
acquisition aid analyst
acre AIDS/acquired immune ancestor
act deficiency syndrome anchor
aim anecdote
action
air angel
activist
air-conditioner anger
activity
aircraft angle
actor/actress
airline animal
adaptation
airmail ankle
addict
airplane/plane anniversary
147
 Content Words/Nouns

announcement army attitude

annoyance arrangement attraction
answer arrest auction
ant arrival audience
Antarctic/antarctic arrow auditorium
antenna art August/Aug.
anthem artery aunt/auntie/aunty
antibiotic article (1) author
antibody article (2)/essay authority
anticipation artifact autobiography
antique artist autograph/signature
antonym ash automobile/auto
anxiety aspect autonomy
apartment aspirin autumn/fall
ape ass auxiliary
apology assault avenue
appeal assembly average
appearance assessment aviation
appetite asset award
applause assignment awe
apple assistance ax/axe
appliance assistant baby
applicant associate baby-sitter
application association bachelor
appointment (1)(2) assumption back
appreciation assurance backbone
apprentice asthma background
approach astonishment backpack
approval astronaut bacon
April/Apr. astronomer bacteria
apron astronomy badge
aptitude asylum badminton
aquarium athlete bag
arch ATM/automatic teller baggage
architect machine bait
architecture atmosphere bakery
Arctic/arctic atom balance
area attachment balcony
arena attack ball
argument attainment ballet
arithmetic attempt balloon
arm (1) attendance ballot
armchair attendant bamboo
armor attention ban
arms attic banana
148
Content Words/Nouns

band bean birth

bandage bear (1) biscuit
bandit beard bit
bang beast bite
bank (1) beat black
bank (2) beauty blackboard
banker bed blacksmith
bankrupt bedroom blade
banner bee blame
banquet beef blank
bar beep blanket
barbarian beer blast
barbecue/BBQ beetle blaze
barber beggar bleach
barbershop beginner blend
bargain behalf blessing
bark (1) behavior blink
bark (2) being blizzard
barn belief block
barometer bell blond/blonde
barrel belly/stomach/tummy/ blood
barrier abdomen bloom
base belongings blossom
baseball beloved blot/stain
basement belt blouse
basics bench blow
basin bend blue
basis benefit blues
basket berry blunder
basketball best blur
bass bet blush
bat (1) better board (1)
bat (2) beverage boast
batch bias boat
bath Bible/bible body
bathroom bicycle/bike bodyguard
batter bid bog
battery bill boil
battle billion bolt
bay bingo bomb
bazaar binoculars bond
beach biochemistry bondage
bead biography bone
beak biology bonus
beam (2) bird book (1)
149
 Content Words/Nouns

bookcase breakup bulletin

boom breast bully
boost breath bump
boot breed bun/roll
booth breeze bunch
border brew bundle
bore bribe burden
boredom brick bureau
bosom bride bureaucracy
boss bridegroom/groom burglar
botany bridge burial
bother brief burn
bottle briefcase burst
bottom brink bus
boulevard broadcast bush
bounce brochure business
bound bronze butcher
boundary brooch butter
bout brood butterfly
bow (1) brook button
bowel broom buy
bowl broth buzz
bowling brother byte
box brotherhood cabbage
boxer brow(s) cabin
boxing brown cabinet
boy browse cable
boycott bruise cactus
boyhood brunch café/cafe
brace brush cafeteria
bracelet brute caffeine
braid bubble cage
brain bucket/pail cake
brake buckle calcium
branch bud calculation
brand budget calculator
brass buffalo calendar
brassiere/bra buffet calf (1)
bravery bug calf (2)
bread building call
breadth bulb calligraphy
break bulge calm
breakdown bulk calorie
breakfast bull camel
breakthrough bullet camera
150
Content Words/Nouns

camp carrot ceramic

campaign cart cereal
campus carton ceremony
can (2) cartoon certainty
canal case (1) certificate
cancer case (2) chain
candidate cash chair
candle cashier chairperson/chair/chairman/
candy/sweet cassette chairwoman
cane cast (1) chalk
cannon cast (2) challenge
canoe castle chamber
canvas casualty champagne
canyon cat champion
cap catalogue/catalog championship
capability catastrophe chance
capacity catch change (1)
cape category change (2)
capital (1) caterpillar channel
capital(ism) (2) cathedral chant
capitalist cattle chaos
capsule cause chapter
captain caution character
caption cavalry characteristic
captive cave charcoal
captivity cavity charge
capture CD/compact disk chariot
car cease charity
carbohydrate ceiling charm
carbon celebration chart
card celebrity chase
cardboard celery chat
care cell chatter
career cellar cheat
caress cello check
caretaker cell-phone/cellphone/cellular checkbook
cargo phone/ mobile phone check-in
Celsius/Centigrade/ check-out
carnation
centigrade checkup
carnival cement
carol cheek
cemetery cheer
carp cent
carpenter cheese
center chef
carpet centimeter
carriage chemical
century chemist
carrier
151
 Content Words/Nouns

chemistry clam coat

cherry clamp cock
chess clan cockroach/roach
chest clap cocktail
chestnut clarity cocoa
chew clash coconut
chick clasp cocoon
chicken class code
chief classic coffee
child classification coffin
childhood clause coil
chili claw coin
chill clay coincidence
chimney clean cola/Coke
chimpanzee cleaner cold
chin clearance collapse
chip clench collar
chirp clerk colleague
chocolate click collection
choice client collective
choir cliff collector
choke climate college
cholesterol climax collision
chop climb colonel
chopstick(s) clinic colonial
chord clip colony
chore clock color
chorus clone column
Christmas/Xmas close (2) columnist
chuckle closet comb
chunk closure combat
church cloth combination
cigar clothes comedian
cigarette clothing comedy
cinema cloud comet
circle clover comfort
circuit clown comic(s) (2)
circulation club comma
circumstance clue command
circus cluster commander
citizen clutch comment
city coach commentary
civilian coal commentator
civilization coast commerce
claim coastline commercial
152
Content Words/Nouns

commission concrete content(s) (3)

commitment condition contentment (2)
committee conduct contest
commodity conductor contestant
common cone context
commonplace conference continent
communication confession continuity
communism confidence contract
communist conflict contractor
community confrontation contradiction
commuter Confucius contrary
compact confusion contrast
companion congratulation(s) contribution
companionship congress control
company congressman/congresswoman controller
comparison conjunction controversy
compass connection convenience
compassion conquest convention
compensation conscience conversation
competence consensus convict
competition consent conviction
competitor consequence cook
complaint conservation cooker
complement conservative cookie/cooky
complex conserve cool
complexion consideration cooperation
complexity consolation cooperative
complication console coordinate
compliment consonant copper
component conspiracy copy/Xerox/xerox
composer constant copyright
composition constituent coral
compound constitution cord
comprehension constitutional core
compromise construction cork
computer consultant corn
comrade consultation corner
conceit consumer corporation
concentration consumption corps
concept contact corpse
conception container correspondence
concern contemplation correspondent
concert contemporary corridor
concession contempt corruption
conclusion content (1) cosmetics
153
 Content Words/Nouns

cosmopolitan creator cure

cost creature curiosity
costume credibility curl
cottage credit currency
cotton creek current
couch crew curriculum
cough crib curry
council cricket curse
counsel crime curtain/drape
counselor criminal curve
count cripple cushion
counter (1) crisis custom
counter (2) criterion customer
counterpart critic customs
country criticism cut
countryside crocodile cycle
county crook daddy/dad/papa/pa/pop
couple crop daffodil
coupon cross daily
courage crossing dairy
course crouch dam
court crow (1) damage
courtesy crowd damn
courtyard crown damp
cousin cruelty dance
cover cruise dancer
coverage cruiser dandruff
cow crumb danger
coward crumble dark
cowboy crunch darling
crab crush dart
crack crust dash
cracker crutch data
cradle cry date
craft crystal daughter
cramp cub dawn
crane cube day
crash cucumber daybreak
crater cue dazzle
crawl cuisine deadline
crayon culture deal
creak cunning dealer
cream cup dear
creation cupboard death
creativity curb debate
154
Content Words/Nouns

debt desire diplomat

decade desk direction
decay despair director
December/Dec. dessert directory
decision destination dirt
deck destiny disability
declaration destruction disadvantage
decline detail disagreement
decoration detective disappointment
decrease detergent disaster
dedication determination disbelief
deed development discard
deer device discharge
defeat devil disciple
defect devotion discipline
defense dew disclosure
deficiency diabetes disco/discotheque
definition diagnosis discomfort
degree diagram discount
delay dial discouragement
delegate dialect discovery
delegation dialogue discrimination
delight diameter discussion
delinquent diamond disease
delivery diaper disgrace
demand diary disguise
democracy dictation disgust
democrat dictator dish
demonstration dictionary disk/disc
denial diet dislike
density difference dismay
dentist difficulty disorder
department dig dispatch
departure digest (2) display
dependent digestion disposable
deposit dignity disposal
depression dilemma dispute
depth diligence disregard
deputy dime dissident
descendant dimension distance
descent dinner distinction
description dinosaur distraction
desert (1) dip distress
design diploma distribution
designer diplomacy district
155
 Content Words/Nouns

distrust dragon eagle

disturbance dragonfly ear
ditch drain earnest
dive drama earnings
diversion drape earphone
diversity draw earth
divide drawback earthquake
division drawer ease
divorce drawing east
dock dread ebb
doctor/doc dream eccentric
doctrine dress echo
document dresser eclipse
documentary dressing ecology
dodge drift economics
dog drill economist
doll drink economy
dollar/buck drip ecstasy
dolphin drive edge
dome driver edition
donation driveway editor
donkey drizzle editorial
donor drop education
doom drought eel
door drug effect
doorstep drugstore efficiency
doorway drum effort
dormitory drunk egg
dormitory/dorm dryer ego
dosage duck eight
dose duckling eighteen
dot due eighty
double dump elastic
doubt dumpling elbow
dough duration elder
doughnut dusk election
dove dust electrician
down duty electricity
downstairs DVD/digital video disk/ electron
downtown digital versatile disk electronics
doze dwarf element
dozen dwelling elephant
Dr. dye elevator
draft dynamite eleven
drag dynasty elite
156
Content Words/Nouns

eloquence environment excess

e-mail/email envy exchange
embarrassment epidemic excitement
embassy episode excuse
embrace EQ/emotional quotient/ execution
emergency emotional intelligence executive
emigrant equal exercise
emigration equality exhaust (1)
emotion equation exhibit
emperor equipment exhibition
emphasis equivalent exile
empire era existence
employee eraser exit
employer errand exotic
employment error expansion
enactment eruption expectation
enclosure escalator expedition
encounter escape expense
encouragement escort experience
encyclopedia essay experiment
end essence expert
endeavor essential expertise
ending establishment expiration
endurance estate explanation
enemy esteem exploit
energy estimate exploration
enforcement eternity explosion
engagement ethic(s) explosive
engine ethnic export
engineer evaluation exposure
engineering eve express (2)
English evening expression
enhancement event extension
enjoyment evergreen extent
enlargement evidence exterior
enlightenment evil external
enough evolution extra
enrichment exaggeration extract
enrollment examination/exam extreme
enterprise examinee eye
entertainment examiner eyebrow/brow
enthusiasm example eyelash/lash
entrance excellence eyelid
entry exception eyesight
envelope excerpt fable
157
 Content Words/Nouns

fabric February/Feb. first

face federation fish
facility fee fisherman
fact feed fishery
faction feedback fist
factor feel fit
factory feeling five
faculty feelings fix
fad fellow flag
Fahrenheit female flake
fail feminine flame
failure fence flap
faint ferry flare
fair (2) fertility flash
fairy fertilizer flashlight/flash
faith festival flat
fake fetch flavor
fall fever flaw
fame fiancé/ fiancée flea
familiarity fiber fleet
family fiction flesh
famine fiddle flick
fan (1) fidelity flicker
fan (2)/fanatic field flight
fancy fifteen fling
fantasy fifty flip
fare fight float
farewell fighter flock
farm figure flood
farmer file floor
fascination fill flour
fashion film flourish
fat filter flow
fate fin flower
father final flu
fatigue finance fluency
faucet/tap find fluid
fault fine (2) flunk
favor finger flush
favorite finish flute
fax fire (1) flutter
fear firecracker fly (1)
feast fireman/firewoman foam
feather fireplace focus
feature firework foe
158
Content Words/Nouns

fog freezer garlic

foil freight garment
fold frequency gas
folk freshman gasoline/gasolene/gas
folklore friction gasp
follower Friday/Fri. gate
following friend gathering
food friendship gay
fool (1) fright gaze
foot frog gear
football front gender
force frontier gene
forecast frost general (2)
forehead/brow frown generation
foreigner fruit generator
forest frustration generosity
fork fry genetics
form fuel genius
format fulfillment gentleman
formation fume geography
formula fun geometry
fort function germ
fortune fund gesture
forty fundamental ghost
forward funeral giant
fossil fur gift
foul furniture giggle
foundation fury ginger
founder fuse giraffe
fountain fuss girl
four future glacier
fourteen gain glamour
fowl galaxy glance
fox gallery glare
fraction gallon glass
fracture gallop glasses
fragment gamble glassware
fragrance game gleam
frame gang glee
framework gangster glide
fraud gap glimpse
freak garage glisten
freedom garbage glitter
freeway garden globe
freeze gardener gloom
159
 Content Words/Nouns

glory gratitude gypsy

glove(s) grave (2) habit
glow gravity habitat
glue gray/grey hacker
GMO/genetically modified grease hail (1)
organism great hail (2)
go greed hair
goal green haircut
goat greenhouse hairdresser
god/goddess greeting(s) hairstyle/hairdo
gold grief half
golf grill hall
good grin hallway
good-bye/goodbye/good-by/
grind halt
goodby/bye-bye/bye
goods grip ham
goose groan hamburger/burger
gorge (1) grocer hammer
gorilla grocery hand
gospel grope handful
gossip gross handicap
government ground handicraft
governor group handkerchief
gown growl handle (1)
grab growth handwriting
grace grumble hanger
grade guarantee harassment
graduate guard harbor
graduation guardian hardship
grain guava hardware
gram guerrilla harm
grammar guess harmonica
grandchild guest harmony
granddaughter guidance harness
grandfather/grandpa guide harvest
grandmother/grandma guideline haste
grandson guilt hat
grant guitar hatch
grape gulf hate
grapefruit gulp hatred
graph gum haul
graphic gun haunt
grasp gust hawk
grass gut(s) hay
grasshopper guy hazard
gymnasium/gym head
160
Content Words/Nouns

headline historian housewife

headphone(s) history housework
headquarters hit housing
health hive hover
heap hobby howl
heart hockey hug
heat hold hum
heater holder human
heaven hole humanitarian
hedge holiday humanity
heed hollow humidity
heel home humor
height homeland hunch
heir hometown hundred
helicopter homework hunger
hell homosexual hunt
hello honesty hunter
helmet honey hurdle
help honeymoon hurl
hemisphere honk hurricane
hen honor hurry
herald hood hurt
herb hoof husband
herd hook hush
here hop hut
hereafter hope hydrogen
heritage horizon hygiene
hermit horizontal hymn
hero/heroine hormone hypocrisy
heroic horn hypocrite
heroin horror ice
hesitation horse iceberg
heterosexual hose idea
hi-fi/high fidelity hospital ideal
high hospitality identification/ID
highlight host (1)/hostess identity
highway hostage idiom
hijack hostel idiot
hike hostility idol
hill hotel ignorance
hint hound ill
hip hour illusion
hippopotamus/hippo house illustration
hire household image
hiss housekeeper imagination
161
 Content Words/Nouns

imitation inn interview

immigrant innocence intimacy
immigration innovation intimate
impact input intonation
imperative inquiry introduction
implement insect intruder
implication insert intuition
import inside invasion
importance insight invention
impression insistence inventor
imprisonment inspection inventory
improvement inspector investigation
impulse inspiration investigator
incense installation investment
incentive installment invitation
inch instance invite
incident instant involvement
incline instinct IQ/intelligence quotient
income institute iron
increase institution irony
independence instruction irritation
index instructor island
indication instrument isle
indifference insult isolation
indignation insurance issue
individual integration itch
industry integrity item
infant intellect ivory
infection intellectual ivy
inference intelligence jack
inferior intensity jacket
inflation intent jade
influence intention jail
information interaction jam (1)
ingenuity interest jam (2)
ingredient interference janitor
inhabitant interior January/Jan.
initial (2) intermediate jar
initiate Internet/internet jasmine
initiative interpretation jaw
injection interpreter jazz
injury interruption jealousy
injustice intersection jeans
ink interval jeep
inland intervention jeer
162
Content Words/Nouns

jelly kindergarten laugh

jet king laughter
jewel kingdom launch
jewelry kiss laundry
jingle kit lava
job kitchen law
jog kite lawmaker
join kitten/kitty lawn
joint knee lawyer
joke knife layer
jolly knight layman
journal knit layout
journalism knob LCD/liquid crystal display
journalist knock lead (1)
journey knot lead (2)
joy knowledge leader
judge (1) knuckle leadership
judgement/judgment koala leaf
jug label league
juice labor leak
July/Jul. laboratory/lab leap
jump lace learning
June/Jun. lack leather
jungle lad leave
junior ladder lecture
junk lady lecturer
jury ladybug/ladybird left
justice lag leg
juvenile lake legend
kangaroo lamb legislation
keep lament legislator
keeper lamp legislature
kernel land (1) leisure
ketchup/catsup landlady lemon
kettle landlord lemonade
key (1) landmark length
keyboard landscape lens
kick landslide/mudslide leopard
kid lane lesson
kidney language letter (1)
kill lantern letter (2)
kilogram/kg lap lettuce
kilometer/km laser level
kin last (1) liar
kind (2) latitude liberation
163
 Content Words/Nouns

liberty lizard machinery

librarian load madam/ma’am
library loaf magazine
license loan magic
lick lobby magician
lid lobster magnet
lie local magnitude
lieutenant location maid
life lock maiden
lifeboat locker mail
lifeguard locomotive main
lifetime locust mainland
lift lodge mainstream
light (1) log maintenance
lighthouse logic majesty
lightning logo major
like (2) lollipop majority
likelihood longevity makeup (1)
lily longitude makeup (2)
limb look malaria
lime lord male
limit loser mall
limitation loss mammal
limousine/limo lot man
limp lotion management
line lottery manager
linen lotus Mandarin
liner loudspeaker mango
linguist lounge mankind/humankind
link love manner
lion lover manners
lip low mansion
lipstick loyalty manual
liquid luck manufacture
liquor luggage manufacturer
list lullaby manuscript
listener lumber map
liter lump maple
literacy lunatic marathon
literate lunch/luncheon marble
literature lung march
litter lure March/Mar.
little luxury margin
liver lyric marine
livestock machine mark
164
Content Words/Nouns

market meeting mine (1)

marriage melancholy miner
marshal melody mineral
marvel melon miniature
masculine member minimum
mash membership minister
mask memorial ministry
mass memory minor
massacre menace minority
massage mentality mint
master (1) mention minus
masterpiece menu minute
mastery merchandise miracle
mat merchant mirror
match (1) mercy mischief
match (2) merit miser
mate mermaid misery
material (1) mess misfortune
material(ism) (2) message Miss/miss
mathematics/math messenger missile
matter (1) metal mission
mattress metaphor missionary
maturity meter mist
maximum method mistake
May metropolitan mistress
mayonnaise microphone/mike mix
mayor microscope mixture
meadow microwave moan
meal middle mob
meaning midst mock
means might mode
meantime migrant model
meanwhile migration modernization
measure(s) (2) mile modesty
measurement mileage moisture
meat milestone mold (1)
mechanic militant mold (2)
mechanics military molecule
mechanism milk moment
medal mill momentum
medication miller mommy/momma/mom/
medicine million mam(m)a/ma/mummy
meditation millionaire monarch
medium/media mimic Monday/Mon.
meet mind money
165
 Content Words/Nouns

monitor metro neck

monk Ms. necklace
monkey MTV/music television necktie
monopoly mud need
monotony mug needle
monster mule negative
month mumble neglect
monthly murder negotiation
monument murderer neighbor
mood murmur neighborhood
moon muscle neon
mop muse nephew
moral museum nerve
morale mushroom nest
morality music net
morning musical network
mortal musician neutral
mosquito must newlywed
moss mustache news
motel mustard newscast
moth mute newscaster/anchorman/
mother mutter anchorwoman
motherhood mutton newspaper
motion mystery nibble
motivation myth nickel
motive mythology nickname
motor nag niece
motorcycle nail (1) night
motto nail (2) nightingale
mound name nightmare
mount nanny nine
mountain nap nineteen
mouse napkin ninety
mouth narrative no/nope
mouthpiece (1) narrator noble
mouthpiece (2)/ nation nobody
spokesperson/spokesman/ nationalism nod
spokeswoman noise
nationality
movement nomination
native
movie/motion picture/film/ nominee
cinema naturalist
nature nonsense
mower
navel noodle
Mr./mister
navigation noon
Mrs.
navy norm
MRT/mass rapid transit/
subway/underground/ necessity north
166
Content Words/Nouns

nose occurrence original

nostril ocean originality
notable October/Oct. ornament
note octopus orphan
notebook odds orphanage
nothing odor ostrich
notice offense ounce
notion offer out
noun offering outbreak
nourishment office outcome
novel (2) officer outfit
novelist official outing
November/Nov. offspring outlaw
novice oil outlet
now olive outline
nucleus once outlook
nude one output
nuisance onion outrage
number open outset
nun opera outside
nurse operation outsider
nursery operator outskirts
nurture opinion oval
nut opponent oven
nutrient opportunity overall
nutrition opposite overcoat
nylon opposition overflow
O.K./OK/okay oppression overhead
o’clock optimism overlap
oak option overpass
oar oral overturn
oasis orange overwork
oath orbit owl
oatmeal orchard owner
obedience orchestra ownership
object (1) ordeal ox
objection order oxygen
objective (2) orderly oyster
obligation organ ozone
oblong organism pace
observation organization pacific
observer organizer pack
obstacle orient package
occasion oriental packet
occupation origin pact
167
 Content Words/Nouns

pad pass peer (1)

paddle passage peg
page passenger pen
pail passion penalty
pain passport pencil
paint password penguin
painter past (2) peninsula
painting pasta penny
pair paste pension
pajamas pastime people
pal pastry pepper
palace pat percent/per cent
palm patch percentage
pamphlet patent perception
pan path perch
pancake patience perfect
panda patient (2) perfection
pane patriot performance
panel patrol performer
panic patron perfume
pants/trousers pattern peril
papa/pop pause period
papaya pavement permission
paper paw permit
parachute pay (2)/salary/wage(s) perseverance
parade payment persistence
paradise PDA/personal digital person
paradox assistant personality
paragraph pea personnel
parallel peace perspective
parcel peach persuasion
pardon peacock pessimism
parent(s) peak pest
park (1) peanut pesticide
parliament pear pet
parlor pearl petal
parrot peasant petroleum
part (1) pebble pharmacist
participant peck pharmacy
participation pedal phase
participle peddler phenomenon
particle pedestrian philosopher
partner peek philosophy
partnership peel photograph/photo
party peep photographer
168
Content Words/Nouns

photography plain (2) pollutant

phrase plan pollution
physician/doctor planet pond
physicist plant (1) pony
physics plant (2) pool
pianist plantation pop (1)
piano plastic pop (2)/popular
pick plate popcorn
pickle platform popularity
pickpocket play population
picnic player porcelain/china
picture playground porch
pie playwright pork
piece plea port
pier pleasure porter
piety pledge portion
pig plenty portrait
pigeon plight pose
pile plot position
pilgrim plow positive
pill pluck possession
pillar plug possibility
pillow plum post (1)
pilot plumber post (2)
pimple plunge post (3)
pin plural postage
pinch plus postcard
pine pneumonia poster
pineapple poacher postponement
ping-pong/table tennis pocket posture
pink pocketbook pot
pint poem potato
pioneer poet potential
pipe poetry pottery/ceramic(s)
pipeline point (2) poultry
pirate poison pound (1)
piss poke poverty
pistol pole powder
pit police power
pitch policeman/cop practice
pitcher policy prairie
pity polish praise
pizza politician prayer
place politics precaution
plague poll precedent
169
 Content Words/Nouns

precision problem prune (1)

predecessor procedure psychologist
prediction process psychology
preface procession pub
preference produce public
pregnancy producer publication
prejudice product publicity
preliminary production publisher
premier productivity pudding
preparation profession puff
preposition professional pull
prescription professor pulse
presence proficiency pump
present (1) profile pumpkin
present (2) profit punch
presentation program punishment
preservation progress pupil
presidency progressive puppet
president prohibition puppy
press (1) project (1) purchase
press (2) projection purity
pressure promise purple
prestige promotion purpose
prevention prompt (2) purse
preventive pronoun pursuit
preview pronunciation push
prey proof puzzle
price prop pyramid
prick propaganda quack
pride propeller quake
priest property qualification(s)
prime prophet quality
prince proportion quantity
princess proposal quarrel
principal (2) prose quart
principle prosecution quarter
print prospect queen
printer prosperity query
prior protection quest
priority protein question
prison protest questionnaire
prisoner proverb quiet
privacy province quilt
privilege provincial quiver
prize prowl quiz
170
Content Words/Nouns

quotation realm reign

quote rear rein
rabbit reason rejection
race (1) rebel (1) relation
race (2) rebellion relationship
racism recall relative (2)
rack (1) receipt relaxation
radar receiver relay
radiant reception release
radiation recession reliance
radiator recipe relic
radical recipient relief
radio recognition religion
radish recommendation relish
radius record (1) remainder
raft recorder remark
rag recovery remedy
rage recreation reminder
raid recruit removal
rail rectangle renaissance
railroad red rent
rain reduction rental
rainbow reef repair
rainfall reel repeat
raise referee/umpire repetition
raisin reference replacement
rally refinement reply
ranch reflection report
range reform reporter
rank refreshment representation
ransom refreshment(s) representative
rascal refrigerator/fridge/icebox reptile
rash (1) refuge/sanctuary republic
rat refugee republican
rate refund reputation
ratio refusal request
rattle regard requirement
ravage regime rescue
ray region research
razor register researcher
reach registration resemblance
reaction regret resentment
realism regular reservation
reality regulation reserve
realization rehearsal reservoir
171
 Content Words/Nouns

residence riddle round

resident ride route
resignation ridge routine
resistance ridicule row (1)
resolution rifle royalty
resolve right (1) rub
resort right (2) rubber
resource rim rubbish
respect ring (1) ruby
response ring (2) rug
responsibility riot ruin
rest rip rule
restaurant ripple ruler
restoration rise rumble
restraint risk rumor
restriction rite runner
restroom/rest room ritual rush
result rival rust
resume rivalry rustle
retail river sack
retirement road sacrifice
retort roam saddle
retreat roar safe (2)
return roast safeguard
reunion robber safety
revelation robbery sail
revenge robe sailor
revenue robin saint
reverse robot sake
review rock (1) salad
revision rocket salary
revival rod sale
revolt role salesperson/salesman/
revolution roll saleswoman
revolutionary romance salmon
reward romantic saloon
rhetoric roof salt
rhinoceros/rhino room salute
rhyme rooster salvation
rhythm root sample
rib rope sanction
ribbon rose sanctuary
rice rot sand
riches rotation sandal
rid rough sandwich
172
Content Words/Nouns

sanitation scrub setting

satellite sculptor settlement
satisfaction sculpture settler
Saturday/Sat. sea seven
sauce seagull/gull seventeen
saucer seal (1) seventy
sausage seal (2) sewer
savage search sex
saving(s) season shade
saw seat shadow
scale(s) second (1) shake
scan second (2) shame
scandal secret shampoo
scar secretary shape
scare section share
scarecrow sector shark
scarf security shave
scatter seed shaver
scene seesaw she
scenery segment shed
scent selection sheep
schedule self sheet
scheme semester shelf
scholar seminar shell
scholarship senator shelter
school senior shepherd
science sensation sheriff
scientist sense shield
scissors sensitivity shift
scold sentence shilling
scoop sentiment shine
scope separation ship
score September/Sept. shirt
scorn sequence shiver
scout serenity shock
scramble sergeant shoe(s)
scrap series shoot
scrape sermon shop (1)/store
scratch servant shore
scream server shortage
screen service shortcoming
screw serving shorts
screwdriver session shot
script set (1) shoulder
scroll setback shout
173
 Content Words/Nouns

shove size snake

shovel skate snap
show skeleton snare
shower sketch snarl
shred ski snatch
shriek skill sneak
shrimp skim sneaker(s)
shrine skin sneer
shrub skip sneeze
shrug skirt sniff
shudder skull snore
shutter sky snort
shuttle skyscraper snow
side slam soak
sidewalk slang soap
siege slap sob
sigh slash soccer
sight slaughter socialism
sightseeing slave socialist
sign slavery society
signal sledge/sled sociology
signature sleep sock(s)
significance sleeve socket
silence sleigh soda
silicon slice sodium
silk slide sofa
silkworm slight software
silver slip soil
similarity slipper(s) soldier
simmer slogan sole (1)
simplicity slope solidarity
sin slot solitary
sincerity slum solitude
singer slump solo
single smack solution
singular small somebody
sink (2) smallpox someone
sip smash something
sir smell son
sister smile song
site smog sophomore
situation smoke sore
six smother sorrow
sixteen snack sort
sixty snail soul
174
Content Words/Nouns

sound (2) splendor stand

soup split standard
sour spokesperson/spokesman/ stanza
source spokeswoman staple
south sponge stapler
souvenir sponsor star
sovereign spoon starch
sovereignty sport stare
soybean/soya bean/soy sportsman/sportswoman start
space sportsmanship starvation
spacecraft/spaceship spot state (1)
spade spotlight statement (2)
spaghetti spouse statesman
span sprain station
spare sprawl stationery
spark spray statistic(s)
sparkle spread statue
sparrow spring (1) stature
speaker spring (2) status
spear sprinkle stay
specialist sprint steady
specialty spur steak
species spy steam
specimen squad steamer (1)
spectacle square steamer (2)
spectacular squash (1) steel
spectator squash (2) steer
spectrum squat stem
speech squeeze step
speed squirrel stepchild
spelling stab stepfather
sphere stability stepmother
spice stack stereo
spider stadium stereotype
spike staff stew
spill stage steward/stewardess/attendant
spin stagger stick (1)
spinach stain stimulation
spine stair stimulus
spiral stake sting
spire stalk (1) stink
spirit stalk (2) stir
spit stall stitch
spite stammer stock (1)
splash stamp stock (2)
175
 Content Words/Nouns

stocking(s) style surplus

stomach subject surprise
stone subjective surrender
stool submarine surroundings
stoop subordinate survey
stop subscription survival
storage substance survivor
store substitute suspect
storm substitution suspense
story (1) suburb suspension
story (2) subway suspicion
stove success swallow (1)
straight succession swallow (2)
strain successor swamp
strait suck swan
strand sudden swap
stranger sugar swarm
strap suggestion sway
strategy suicide sweat
straw suit (1) sweater
strawberry suitcase sweep
stray suite swell
streak sulfur swim
stream sum swing
street summary switch
strength summer sword
stress summit syllable
stretch sun symbol
stride Sunday/Sun. symmetry
strike superior sympathy
string superiority symphony
strip (1) supermarket symptom
stripe superstition synonym
stroke (1) supervision synthetic
stroll supervisor syrup
structure supper system
struggle supplement table
student supply tablet
studio support tack
study (1) suppress tact
stuff (1) surf tactic(s)
stumble surface tag
stump surge tail
stunt surgeon tailor
stutter surgery tale
176
Content Words/Nouns

talent tendency throw

talk tennis thrust
tan tension thumb
tangerine tent thunder
tangle term Thursday/Thurs./Thur.
tank terminal tick
tap (1) terrace ticket
tap (2) territory tickle
tape terror tide
tar test tie (1)
target text tiger
tariff textbook tile
tart textile tilt
task texture timber
taste thank time
taunt theater tin
tavern theft tip
tax theme tiptoe
taxicab/taxi/cab then tire (1)
tea theory tissue
teacher therapist title
team therapy toad
tear (1) there toast
tear (2) thermometer tobacco
tease thief today
technician thigh toe
technique thing tofu/bean curd
technology third toil
teen(s) thirst toilet
teenager thirteen token
telegram thirty tolerance
telegraph thorn toll (1)
telephone/phone thought toll (2)
telescope thousand tomato
television/TV thread tomb
teller threat tomorrow
temper three ton
temperament threshold tone
temperature thrift tongue
tempest thrill tonight
temple thriller tool
tempo throat tooth
temptation throb top
ten throne topic
tenant throng torch
177
 Content Words/Nouns

torment trap try

tornado trash T-shirt
torrent trauma tub
tortoise travel tube
torture traveler tuberculosis
toss tray tuck
total tread Tuesday/Tues./Tue.
touch treason tug
tour treasure tug-of-war
tourism treasury tuition
tourist treat (2) tulip
tournament treatment tumble
tow treaty tummy
towel tree tumor
tower trek tuna
town tremble tune
toy tremor tunnel
trace trench turkey
track trend turmoil
trade trespass turn
trademark trial turtle
trader triangle tutor
tradition tribe twelve
traffic tribute twenty
tragedy trick twig
trail trifle twilight
train (1) trigger twin
trait trim twinkle
traitor trip twist
tramp triple two
trample triumph type (1)
tranquilizer troop typewriter
transaction trophy typhoon
transcript tropic typist
transfer trot tyranny
transformation trouble tyrant
transistor trousers ulcer
transit trout ultimate
transition truant umbrella
translation truce umpire
translator truck uncle
transmission trumpet underestimate
transplant trunk undergraduate
transport trust underline
transportation truth underneath
178
Content Words/Nouns

underpass vegetarian vision

underwear vegetation visit
unemployment vehicle visitor
uniform veil vitality
union vein vitamin
unique velvet vocabulary
unit vendor vocal
unity venture vocation
universal verb vogue
universe verbal voice
university verge volcano
up verse volleyball
upbringing version volume
update vertical volunteer
upgrade vessel vomit
upright vest vote
upset veteran voter
upstairs veterinarian/vet vow
uranium veto vowel
urge vibration voyage
urgency vice wade
urine vice-president wag
usage victim wage(s)
use victor wagon
user victory wail
usher video waist
utensil videotape wait
utility view waiter/waitress
utmost viewer walk
vacancy vigor wall
vacation villa wallet
vaccine village walnut
vacuum villain wander
validity vine want
valley vinegar war
value vineyard ward (1)
van violation wardrobe
vanilla violence ware
vanity violet warehouse
vapor violin warfare
variable violinist warm
variation virgin warmth
variety virtue warranty
vase virus warrior
vegetable visa wash
179
 Content Words/Nouns

waste white worship

watch (1) whole worst
watch (2) wholesale worth
water why wound
waterfall wide wrap
watermelon widow/widower wreath
wave width wreck
wax wife wrench
way wig wrestle
wealth wild wring
weapon wilderness wrinkle
wear wildlife wrist
weather will (1) writer
weave willow wrong
web win Xerox/xerox
website wind (1) X-ray/x-ray
wedding window yacht
Wednesday/Wed./Weds. windshield yam/sweet potato
weed wine yard
week wing yarn
weekday wink yawn
weekend winner year
weekly winter yeast
weep wipe yell
weight wire yellow
welcome wisdom yes/yeah
welfare wish yesterday
well (2) wit yield
west witch/wizard yoga
western witness yogurt
whale woe yolk
wharf wolf young
wheat woman youngster
wheel wonder youth
wheelchair wood(s) zeal
where woodpecker zebra
whereabouts wool zero
while (2) word zinc
whine work zip/ZIP/zone improvement
whip worker plan/zip code
whirl workshop zipper
whisk world zone
whiskey/whisky worm zoo
whisper worry zoom
whistle worse
180
Content Words/Verbs

VERBS agree arrive

abandon aid articulate
abbreviate aim ascend
abide alarm ask
abolish alert assassinate
abound alienate assault
absent allocate assemble
absorb allow assert
abuse ally assess
accelerate alter assign
accept alternate assist
access am associate
accommodate amaze assume
accompany ambush assure
accomplish amount astonish
accord amplify attach
account (2) amuse attack
accumulate analyze attain
accuse anchor attempt
accustom animate attend
ache announce attract
achieve annoy auction
acknowledge answer author
acquaint anticipate authorize
acquire ape autograph/signature
act apologize average
adapt appeal avoid
add appear await
addict applaud awake
address apply awaken
adjust appoint (1) (2) award
administer/administrate appreciate awe
admire apprentice ax/axe
admit approach baby-sit
adopt approve back
adore approximate backpack
advance arch bait
advertise are bake
advise argue balance
advocate arise ball
affect arm (2) balloon
affirm armor ballot
afford arouse ban
age arrange bandage
arrest bang
181
 Content Words/Verbs

bank (2) blaze break

bankrupt bleach breakfast
banquet bleed breathe
bar blend breed
barbecue/BBQ bless breeze
bare blind brew
bargain blink bribe
bark (1) block bridge
base bloom brief
bat (1) blossom bring
bathe blot/stain broadcast
batter blow broaden
battle blunder broil
be blunt brood
beach blur brown
bead blush browse
beam (1) board (2) bruise
bear (2) boast brush
beat bog bubble
beautify boil buckle
beckon bolt bud
become bomb budget
beep bombard bug
beg bond build
begin book (2) bulge
behave boom bully
believe boost bump
belong boot burden
belt border burn
bend bore burst
benefit borrow bury
besiege boss bus
best bother busy
bet bottle butcher
betray bottom butter
better bounce button
beware bound buy
bias bow (2) buzz
bid box cable
bill boycott cage
bind brace calculate
bite braid call
blame brake calm
blanket branch camp
blast brand campaign
182
Content Words/Verbs

can (2) chase coach

cancel chat coat
cannon chatter cocoon
canoe cheat code
canvas check coil
cap cheer coin
caption cherish coincide
capture chew collapse
care chill collect
caress chip collide
carpet chirp color
carry choke comb
cart choose combat
cartoon chop combine
carve chuckle come
case (2) circle comfort
cash circulate command
cast (1) cite commemorate
cast (2) civilize commence
catalogue/catalog claim comment
catch clamp commission
cater clap commit
cause clarify communicate
caution clash commute
cave clasp compact
cease class compare
celebrate classify compass
cellar claw compel
cement clean compensate
center cleanse compete
certificate clear compile
certify clench complain
chain click complement
chair climax complete
chalk climb complicate
challenge cling compliment
chance clip compose
change (1) clone compound
channel close (2) comprehend
chant clothe comprise
characterize cloud compromise
charge clown compute
chariot club computerize
charm cluster conceal
chart clutch concede
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 Content Words/Verbs

conceive convict crowd

concentrate convince crown
concern cook cruise
conclude cool crumble
concrete cooperate crunch
condemn coordinate crush
condense cope crust
condition copy/Xerox/xerox cry
conduct copyright cube
confer core cue
confess cork cultivate
confine correct cup
confirm correspond curb
conflict corrupt cure
conform cost curl
confront couch curry
confuse cough curse
congratulate counsel curtain/drape
connect count curve
conquer counter (2) cushion
consent couple cut
conserve course cycle
consider court dam
consist cover damage
console covet damn
constitute crack damp
construct cradle dance
consult cram dare
consume cramp dart
contact crane dash
contain crash date
contaminate crater dawn
contemplate crawl dazzle
contend creak deafen
content (2) create deal
contest credit debate
continue creep decay
contract crib deceive
contradict cripple decide
contrast criticize declare
contribute crook decline
control crop decorate
converse cross decrease
convert crouch dedicate
convey crow (2) deem
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Content Words/Verbs

deepen diagram display

defeat dial displease
defect dictate dispose
defend die dispute
define diet disregard
degrade differ dissolve
delay differentiate dissuade
delegate dig distance
deliberate digest (1) distinguish
delight dim distort
deliver diminish distract
demand dine distress
demonstrate dip distribute
denounce direct distrust
deny dirty disturb
depart disable ditch
depend disadvantage dive
depict disagree diversify
deposit disappear divert
depress disappoint divide
deprive disapprove divorce
derive discard do
descend discharge dock
describe discipline document
desert (2) disclose dodge
deserve discomfort dome
design disconnect dominate
designate discount donate
desire discourage doom
despair discover dose
despise discriminate dot
destroy discuss double
detach disgrace doubt
detail disguise down
detain disgust download
detect dish doze
deter dislike draft
deteriorate dismantle drag
determine dismay drain
devalue dismiss drape
develop disorder draw
devise dispatch dread
devote dispense dream
devour disperse dress
diagnose displace drift
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 Content Words/Verbs

drill encounter exclaim

drink encourage exclude
drip end excuse
drive endanger execute
drizzle endeavor exercise
drop endure exert
drown enforce exhaust (2)
drug engage exhibit
drum enhance exile
dry enjoy exist
duck enlarge exit
dull enlighten expand
dump enrich expect
dust enroll expel
dwarf ensure/insure experience
dwell enter experiment
dye entertain expire
dynamite entitle explain
earn envy explode
ease equal exploit
eat equate explore
ebb equip export
echo erase expose
eclipse erect express (1)
edge erode extend
edit erupt extract
educate escalate eye
effect escape face
elaborate escort facilitate
elbow establish fade
elect esteem fail
elevate estimate faint
eliminate evacuate fake
e-mail/email evaluate fall
embark even (2) falter
embarrass evidence fan (1)
embrace evolve fancy
emerge exaggerate farm
emigrate examine fascinate
emphasize exceed fashion
employ excel fasten
empty except/excepting father
enable excerpt fatigue
enact exchange fault
enclose excite favor
186
Content Words/Verbs

fax flood frost

fear floor frown
feast flour fruit
feature flourish frustrate
feed flow fry
feel flower fuel
fence flunk fulfill
ferry flush fume
fetch flute function
fiddle flutter fund
fight fly (2) furnish
figure foam further
file focus fuse
fill fog fuss
film fold gain
filter follow gallop
finance fool (2) gamble
find foot gang
fine (2) forbid garage
finger force garden
finish forecast gas
fire (1) foresee gasp
fire (2) forget gather
firm forgive gaze
fish fork gear
fist form generalize
fit format generate
fix formulate gesture
flag forsake get
flake fortify giggle
flame forward give
flap foster glance
flare foul glare
flash found gleam
flat fracture glide
flatter fragment glimpse
flavor frame glisten
flaw freak glitter
flee free gloom
flick freeze glory
flicker freight glow
fling frequent glue
flip fret gnaw
float frighten go
flock front gobble
187
 Content Words/Verbs

golf handle (2) hood

gorge (2) hang hook
gossip happen hop
govern harass hope
grab harbor horrify
grace harden hose
grade harm hospitalize
graduate harness host (2)
grant harvest hound
graph hasten house
grasp hatch hover
gray/grey hate howl
graze haul hug
grease haunt hum
green have humble
greet hazard humiliate
grieve head hunch
grill headline hunt
grin heal hurdle
grind heap hurl
grip hear hurry
groan heat hurt
grope hedge hush
gross heed hymn
ground heel identify
group heighten idle
grow help ignore
growl herald illuminate
grumble herd illustrate
guarantee hesitate imagine
guard hide imitate
guess highlight immigrate
guest hijack impact
guide hike implement
gulp hint imply
gun hire import
gust hiss impose
gut(s) hit impress
hack hold imprison
hail (1) hole improve
hail (2) hollow incense
halt home inch
hammer honeymoon incline
hand honk include
handicap honor increase
188
Content Words/Verbs

index invest know

indicate investigate knuckle
induce invite label
indulge involve labor
industrialize iron lace
infect irritate lack
infer is lag
influence isolate lamb
inform issue lame
inhabit itch lament
inherit jack land (2)
initial (2) jail landscape
initiate jam (2) last (2)
inject jaw laugh
injure jaywalk launch
ink jazz lay
input jeer layer
inquire jet lead (1)
insert jingle leaf
insist jog league
inspect join leak
inspire joint lean (1)
install joke leap
instance jolly learn
institute journey leave
instruct judge (2) lecture
insult jug legitimate
insure jump lend
integrate junk lengthen
intend justify lessen
intensify keep let
interact key (1) liberate
interest kick license
interfere kid lick
intermediate kidnap lie
interpret kill lift
interrupt kindle light (1)
intervene kiss lighten
interview knee like (2)
intimidate kneel lime
introduce knife limit
intrude knight limp
invade knit line
invent knock linger
inventory knot link
189
 Content Words/Verbs

list match (2) moss

listen mate mother
litter matter (2) motion
live (2) mean (1) motivate
load measure (1) mound
loan mediate mount
locate meditate mourn
lock meet mouth
lodge mellow move
log melt mow
long (2) memorize multiply
look menace mumble
loosen mend murder
lose mention murmur
lounge merchandise mushroom
love merge mute
lower mess mutter
lullaby microwave nag
lumber middle nail (2)
lump migrate name
lunch/luncheon milk nap
lure mill narrate
machine mimic narrow
magnify mind navigate
mail mine (1) near
maintain mingle neck
major miniature need
make minimize needle
man mirror neglect
manage mislead negotiate
manifest miss neighbor
manipulate mist nest
manufacture mistake net
map misunderstand nibble
mar mix nickel
march moan nickname
mark mob nod
market mobilize nominate
marry mock nose
marvel model note
mash modernize notice
mask modify notify
massacre mold (1) nourish
massage monitor number
master (2) mop nurse
190
Content Words/Verbs

nurture overwhelm peg

O.K./OK/okay overwork pen
obey owe pencil
object (2) own penetrate
oblige pace pension
obscure pack people
observe package pepper
obtain pad perceive
occasion paddle perch
occupy pain perfect
occur paint perform
offend pair perfume
offer pamphlet peril
oil panic perish
omit paper permit
open parachute persevere
operate parade persist
oppose parallel persuade
oppress paralyze pet
orbit parcel phase
order pardon photograph/photo
organize park (2) phrase
orient parrot pick
originate part (2) pickle
ornament participate picnic
orphan party picture
out pass piece
outdo paste pierce
outfit pat pig
outlaw patch pile
outline patent pillow
outnumber patrol pilot
output pattern pin
outrage pause pinch
overcome pave pioneer
overdo paw pipe
overeat pay (1) pirate
overflow peak piss
overhear peck pistol
overlap pedal pit
overlook peddle pitch
oversleep peek pity
overtake peel place
overthrow peep plan
overturn peer (2) plant (2)
191
 Content Words/Verbs

plate prefer prove

play prejudice provide
plead prepare provoke
please prescribe prowl
pledge present (3) prune (2)
plot preserve publicize
plow preside publish
pluck press (2) puff
plug pressure pull
plunge presume pulse
poach pretend pump
pocket prevail punch
point (1) prevent punish
poison preview purchase
poke prey purify
police price pursue
polish prick push
poll pride put
pollute print puzzle
ponder privilege quack
pool prize quake
pop (1) proceed qualify
populate process quarrel
portion produce quarter
portray profile quench
pose profit query
position program question
possess progress quiet
post (1) prohibit quilt
post (2) project (1) quit
post (3) project (2) quiver
postpone prolong quiz
posture promise quote
pot promote race (1)
pound (2) prompt (2) rack (2)
pour pronounce radiate
powder prop radio
power propel raft
practice proportion rage
praise propose raid
pray prosecute rain
preach prospect raise
precede prosper rally
predict protect ramp
preface protest ranch
192
Content Words/Verbs

range reject result

rank rejoice resume
ransom relate retail
rate relax retain
rattle relay retaliate
ravage release retire
reach relieve retort
react relish retreat
read rely retrieve
ready remain return
realize remark reveal
reap remedy revenge
reason remember reverse
rebel (2)/revolt remind review
recall remove revise
receive render revive
recite renew revolt
reckon rent revolve
recognize repair reward
recommend repay rhyme
reconcile repeat rib
record (2) replace rid
recover reply ride
recruit report ridge
recur represent ridicule
recycle repress rifle
reduce reproduce rim
reel request ring (1)
refer require ring (2)
referee/umpire rescue riot
refine research rip
reflect resemble ripple
reform resent rise
refresh reserve risk
refund reside rival
refuse resign roam
refute resist roar
regard resolve roast
register resort rob
regret respect robe
regulate respond rock (2)
rehearse rest rocket
reign restore roll
rein restrain roof
reinforce restrict room
193
 Content Words/Verbs

root score shape

rope scorn share
rot scout sharpen
rotate scramble shatter
rough scrap shave
round scrape shed
route scratch shell
row (2) scream shelter
rub screen shield
ruin screw shift
rule script shine
rumble scroll ship
rumor scrub shiver
run sculpture shock
rush seal (1) shoot
rust seal (2) shop (2)
rustle search shoplift
sacrifice seat shorten
saddle section shoulder
safeguard secure shout
sail seduce shove
saint see shovel
salary seed show
salt seek shower
salute seem shred
sample seesaw shriek
sanction segment shrink
sand seize shrug
sandwich select shudder
satisfy sell shun
sauce send shut
savage sense shutter
save sentence shuttle
saw separate sigh
say sequence sight
scan serve sign
scar service signal
scare set (2) signify
scatter settle silence
scent sew simmer
schedule shade simplify
scheme shadow sin
school shake sing
scold shame single
scoop shampoo sink (1)
194
Content Words/Verbs

sip sneer spoil

sit sneeze sponge
site sniff sponsor
size snore spoon
skate snort sport
sketch snow spot
ski soak spotlight
skim soap sprain
skin soar sprawl
skip sob spray
skirt sober spread
slam socialize spring (2)
slang soften sprinkle
slap soil sprint
slash sole (1) spur
slaughter solo spy
slave solve squash (1)
slay soothe squat
sledge/sled sorrow squeeze
sleep sort stab
sleigh sound (2) stabilize
slice sour stack
slide sow staff
slight space stage
slim span stagger
slip spare stain
slot spark stake
slow sparkle stalk (2)
slum speak stall
slump spear stammer
smack specialize stamp
smash specify stand
smell speculate staple
smile speed star
smoke spell starch
smooth spend stare
smother spice start
smuggle spike startle
snack spill starve
snake spin state (2)
snap spiral station
snare spire stay
snarl spit steady
snatch splash steal
sneak split steam
195
 Content Words/Verbs

steel style swing

steer submit switch
stem subordinate symbolize
step subscribe sympathize
stereotype substitute tack
stew subtract tackle
stick (2) succeed tag
stimulate suck tail
sting suffer tailor
stink suffocate take
stir sugar talk
stitch suggest tame
stock (2) suit (2) tan
stone sum tangle
stoop summarize tap (1)
stop summon tap (2)
store sun tape
storm supervise tar
straighten supplement target
strain supply task
strand support taste
strangle suppose taunt
strap suppress tax
stray surf teach
streak surface team
stream surge tear (1)
strengthen surpass tear (2)
stress surprise tease
stretch surrender telegraph
stride surround telephone/phone
strike survey tell
string survive tempt
strip (2) suspect tenant
strive suspend tend
stroke (2) sustain tense
stroll swallow (2) term
structure swamp terminate
struggle swap terrace
study (2) swarm terrify
stuff (2) sway test
stumble swear texture
stump sweat thank
stun sweep think
stunt swell thread
stutter swim threaten
196
Content Words/Verbs

thrill traffic twinkle

thrive trail twist
throb train (2) type (2)
throng tramp umpire
throw trample uncover
thrust transfer underestimate
thumb transform undergo
thunder transit underline
tick translate undermine
ticket transmit understand
tickle transplant undertake
tidy transport undo
tie (2) trap unfold
tighten trash uniform
tile travel unify
tilt tread unite
time treasure unlock
tin treat (1) unpack
tip trek up
tiptoe tremble update
tire (2) trench upgrade
title trespass uphold
toast trick upload
toe trifle upset
toil trigger urge
tolerate trim use
toll (2) trip usher
tongue triple utilize
tool triumph utter
top troop vacation
topple trot vacuum
torch trouble value
torment truant vanish
torture truck vary
toss TRUE veil
total trumpet vend
touch trust venture
tour try verge
tow tuck veto
towel tug vibrate
tower tumble victimize
toy tune video
trace tunnel videotape
track turn view
trade tutor violate
197
 Content Words/Verbs

visit wharf yacht

visualize wheel yarn
voice while (3) yawn
volunteer whine yearn
vomit whip yell
vote whirl yellow
vow whisk yield
voyage whisper zero
wade whistle zip/ZIP/zone improvement
wag wholesale plan/zip code
wail widen zipper
wait widow/widower zone
wake win zoom
waken wind (2)
walk wine
wall wing
wander wink
want wipe
war wire
ward (2) wish
warehouse withdraw
warm wither
warn withstand
wash witness
waste wonder
watch (2) woo
water word
waterproof/watertight work
wave worm
wax worry
weaken worship
wear worst
weary wound
weather wrap
weave wreck
web wrench
wed wrestle
weed wring
weekend wrinkle
weep write
weigh wrong
welcome Xerox/xerox
wet X-ray/x-ray

198