@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Actualizado automaticamente cada 5 minutos Transcript: The Future of Farming BYU-Idaho Online Learning Video Transcript The Future of Farming [Screen opens with videos of different advanced farming machines, including a drone and a tractor with whirling blades on the back of it. As the speaker is talking, many different examples play.] Bryce Plank: Over the next two decades, a technological wave will revolutionize the efficiency of farms all over the world, It can't come soon enough. [Images of large crowds play.] By the year 2050, the human population will be nearly 10 billion, which means we'll need to have doubled the amount of food we now produce. [The title “The future of Farming” appears with the subtitle, “A TDC mini- documentary” This is an examination of the agricultural innovations coming down the pipeline that will help get us there. The industry has undergone major developments over the last century. 100 years ago, farming looked like this. [A black and white video of a horse pulling a plow plays.] Today it looks like this. (A video of a combine going through a field plays.J And tomorrow it'll look something like this. [There is a driverless tractor going through a field on the screen] These changes have allowed many of us to do other things with our@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Actualizado automaticamente cada 5 minutos Transcript: The Future of Farming million people. [Below this another group of 10 stick figure’s appear with only one of the arms highlighted in yellow. Below, it reads, '2017: <2% of US population works on a farm”. Today, just 6.5 million workers feed 321.4 million Americans. Two factors were most responsible for this surge in productivity, engines and the widespread availability of electricity. [A graphic of an engine and a photo of power lines appear in succession.] Today, the innovations on our immediate horizon include autonomous pickers. [A video of a machine picking fruit from a tree plays and then changes to a man sitting on a large machine as it goes through a strawberry field and picks the berries. The title on the screen says, “Autonomous Pickers”,]UK researchers have already created one that gathers strawberries twice as fast as humans. The challenge will be creating robotic pickers that can switch between all kinds of crops. [Images of robots rolling over row crops play. As they go, they clamp on weeds and pull them up. One robot sprays the weeds with weed killer. The last robot points a laser at a crop and it starts smoking. The title on the screen reads, “Robotic Weed/Pest Killers”.] Robots or drones that can precisely remove weeds or shoot them with a targeted spritz of pesticide, using 90 percent less chemicals than a conventional blanket sprayer. [The title changes to read, Weed-Killing Laser’ ] For the organic farmer, they could zap the weeds with a laser instead. This could have a big impact. The UN estimates that each@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Actualizado automaticamente cada 5 minutos Transcript: The Future of Farming reads, “Micro-Sensors [internet of Things}",] Tiny sensors and cameras will monitor crop growth and alert farmers on their smartphones if there's a problem or when it's the best time to harvest. [A machine goes over a row of crops slowly. It ‘stops part way through and a robotic arm extends into the earth, taking out some soil. The title reads, “Robotic Soil Sampler” ] The Bonirob can take a soil sample, liquidize it, then analyze its pH and phosphorus levels all in real time. [Video of a big empty field plays with a self-driving tractor going through it. The title reads, “Completely Autonomous Farm” ] As a proof of concept for all this autonomous farming technology, researchers at Harper Adams in the UK plan to grow and harvest an entire hectare of barley without humans ever entering the field. [A man stands ina field with a drone, which he controls and sends flying over a field. It then changes to an aerial view of the field with different markers on it. The title reads, “Drone-Assisted Crop Monitoring’.] Companies like Agribotix have already commercialized software that analyzes drone captured infrared images to spot unhealthy vegetation. Then, like a real life game of SIM farmer, the grower is alerted on their device when a troubled area is identified. Machine learning is regularly improving the system's ability to differentiate between varieties of crops, and the weeds that threaten them. [A man walks to a plane and then it lifts off. The screen then shows different maps of a field, highlighting problem areas it identifies. The title@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Transcript: The Future of Farming Actualzado automaticamente cada § gathering missions over large farms throughout the country. (A satellite is deployed in space. The title reads, “Cubesat Whole Farm Imaging’,] For an even wider view, Planet Labs operates a fleet of cubesats that take weekly images of entire farms from space to help monitor crops. [images of graphs on computer screens play. The title reads, “Big Data Analytics” ] Other companies are creating analytic software to act as farm management systems, allowing growers of all sizes to deal with this new tsunami of data. [Graphics of different farms appear with lines connecting their information. The title reads, “Data- Sharing Collectives”.] And the Farmer's Business Network combines data from many farms into one giant poo! to give its members the power of macro level insights that have traditionally only been available to corporate mega farms. [A new title appears as the video transitions to a different topic. It reads, “Vertical Farming"] Vertical farms are essentially warehouses with stacks of hydroponic systems to grow leafy greens. [Images of different types of vertical farms play as he talks.] They're sprouting up in cities all over the world where fresh produce and land is scarce. The key obstacle here is the cost of energy and the toll using a lot of it takes on the environment. [The title reads, “High- Density Vertical Farming” ] The upside is that artificial lights and climate controlled buildings allow crops to grow day and night year round, producing a significantly higher vield per square foot than an@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Transcript: The Future of Farming Actualzado automaticamente cada § [The title changes to, “Optimal Growing Wavelengths” ]One possible solution is to use blue and red light wavelengths to optimize photosynthesis and Turbo Boost growth. A technique tested by researchers at project growing underground, an experimental farm operating in old World War Il bomb shelters underneath London. Another advancement in indoor farming is the Open Agriculture Initiative, which aims to create a catalog of climates. [The title changes to “Climate Replication”.] So temperature and humidity can be set to recreate the perfect conditions for growing crops that would normally come from all over the world locally instead. This is an attempt to tackle the food miles issue. When produce is shipped around the world, it creates unnecessary CO2 emissions. Just look at where a few of the items you'll eat today were cultivated to understand how big of a problem this is. [The video transitions again to say “Livestock” as its title.] [As the speaker discusses the technology, images of this technology being used play in the background, The millions of people entering the middle class every year in developing countries are demanding tens of millions of pounds of additional meat. These ideas aim to get the most from every animal. [The title reads, “Livestock Activity Monitors”. ]Who would have thought fitbits could be for livestock too? Cows are being fitted with smart collars that monitor if they're sick or if they're@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Transcript: The Future of Farming Actualzado automaticamente cada § ‘Automated Thermal Imaging Analysis’. Thermal imaging cameras spot inflamed udders to provide earlier treatment to combat a bacterial infection known as mastitis, one of the costliest setbacks in the dairy industry. Title reads, "3-D Camera Measuring”,] 3D cameras quickly measure the weight and muscle mass of cattle so they're sold at their beefiest. (Title reads, “Audio Health monitoring’.] Companies have even begun positioning microphones above pig pens to detect coughs, giving sick animals the treatment they need a full 12 days earlier than before. Less antibiotics are used if fewer animals become ill for shorter lengths of time. [Title reads, “Automated Behavior Analysis’,] And a system of just three cameras developed by researchers in Belgium tracks the movement of thousands of chickens to analyze their behavior and spot over 90 percent of possible problems. [Video transitions, title reading, “Fish Farming” ] [A graph representing the beef consumption and farmed fish consumption appears with fish making a dramatic uphill climb to surpass beef. This fades after it is discussed and different images of fish farms play as speaker talks.] Here's a stat that | found eye- opening: consumption of farmed fish has now surpassed our consumption of beef. [Title reads, “inland Saltwater Fish Farms".] And researchers are working to increase the types of fish that are raised. Aquaculturists at the Institute of Marine and Environmental@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Transcript: The Future of Farming Actualzado automaticamente cada § consuming frozen fish grown or caught on the coast that have to be shipped thousands of miles in refrigerated trucks that use a lot of energy. [Title reads, ‘Zero Waste Fish Farming’ ] The most exciting thing about this experimental fish farm is that it's actually a closed system that creatively uses three sets of bacteria in different ways, so it doesn't produce any waste. And even powers itself. Yonathan Zohar: [Speaker stands in front of a large water tank with fish swimming around inside. A title card appears on the screen reading, “Yonathan Zohar, Phd, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology’,J This is the world's most sustainably produced fish. It's —the system is completely and fully contained. There is zero interaction with the environment. There is no waste, it's zero waste goes back to the environment, which is the big problem with aquaculture today. Bryce Plank: This revolutionary technique could be critical for saving species in the wild, like rapidly depleting bluefin tuna populations, without curbing the appetites of sushi lovers like me. [The title reads, “Fish Food Made From Bacteria”,] Another ingenious approach from a company in California are proteinaceous fish food pellets made from the bodies of a bacteria that grow by consuming a combination of methane, oxygen, and nitrogen. [Video transitions, title reading, “Alternative Proteins” ] The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 2 billion@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion int: i ‘Actualizado autométicamente cada 5 Transcript: The Future of Farming minutos translated on the screen, reading, “I eat insects like this because they provide nutrition, they nourish the body, they are not too fatty but have lots of good ingredients. If you eat these all the time, you will get sick very rarely.” Bryce Plank: [images show people eating insects in different ways. The title says, “Insect Flour and Protein Powder” ] Bugs are among the cheapest, most nutritious, environmentally-friendly sources of protein, so there's a growing movement to find new ways to incorporate them into food products that can be marketed in a way that doesn't gross people out. Some examples are protein powder and insect flour. But even if insects never make it onto many of our plates, they can still help us a lot as animal feed. [Images of scientist and cells being play with the title, “Cultured Meats” ] On the other end of the alternative protein spectrum is lab grown meat. In 2013, the first hamburger was made from muscle cells grown in a lab in the Netherlands, followed by a meatball grown by a California company called Memphis Meats. These grabbed headlines, but production costs need to come way down before we'll be buying synthetic meats in significant quantities. Mark Post: [Speaker is sitting at a restaurant table. His title card reads, "Mark Post, Maastricht University” ]So it's better for the environment, and we need much less resources to actually produce it so that we can produce much more meat with much less resources, so that we can feed the entire planet. | will probably look back at this time.@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Actualizado automaticamente cada 5 minutos Transcript: The Future of Farming Bryce Plank: [images of people in fields play as he speaks.] Human survival on earth has by necessity driven us to use and change the world around us. Some of our most. powerful innovations are aimed at solving problems we ourselves create. As climate patterns change and human population rises, the prospect of a global food shortage becomes increasingly dire. It's a threat that even the deployment of millions of autonomous farmer bots would be unlikely to solve. But where man-made machines may fall short, bacterial machines may very well prevail, bringing me to the technology that can continue to deliver the biggest increases in crop yield, genetic modification. Scientific breakthroughs like CRISPR, genomic selection, and SNPS, now allow single letters within a gene to be precisely edited. [Title reads, “CRISPR"] Unlike older methods of genetic manipulation, like transgenic modifications that made uncontrolled alterations to large regions of DNA, CRISPR, a gene editing system repurposed from bacteria more closely mimics the process of random mutation. This process is critical for environmental adaptation, Darwinian natural selection, and ultimately, evolution. While this fact alone may not placate the most passionate anti GMO advocate, highly precise techniques like CRISPR should help ease the legitimate health and environmental concerns that have thus far curbed significant commercial investments. But not everyone is sitting on the sidelines. [Title reading, “Drought Tolerant Corn" ] Two large agricultural@ _ Publicada con documentos de Google Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Transcript: The Future of Farming Actuallzado automaticamente cada § Then there's the next-gen cassava project led by Cornell University in partnership with research institutes all over Africa that aims to "significantly increase the rate of genetic improvement in cassava breeding to unlock the full potential of the staple crop that's central to food security and livelihoods across Africa." Genetically improving the cultivation of other crops that haven't been modified yet could additionally lead to huge yield increases from millet and yams. For example, rice, one of the world's most important crops, has seen its yield plateau, meaning that for years now, the maximum amount that can be grown on, say, an acre of land, has not increased. [Title reads, “C4 Rice Project”] The C4 rice project, a massive global collaboration between 18 biology labs spread across four continents, is trying to change that. Their goal is to genetically engineer a new strain of rice so that its photosynthetic process works more like maize, which would theoretically turbo boost its yield by 50 percent. And of course, it's not just crops. [Title reads, Livestock Disease Immunity’] Pig lines, for example, are being altered to make them immune to an illness that costs American farmers $600 million a year. While it's hard to predict which of these developments will have the greatest impact on food production, we should be pursuing all of them. The use of genetic technologies will inevitably prove essential for tackling what would likely be an insurmountable challenge, sustainably doubling our global food supply. The good news@ __ Publicada con documentos de Google Transcript: The Future of Farming The Economist and the journal Nature. And our recent video on India's highway mega project led some of you to Suggest other projects for us to look into. Your suggestions for video topics are always appreciated, Thanks for watching, until next time for TDC, I'm Bryce Plank. [End of video} Denunciar uso inadecuado Mas informacion Actualizado automaticamente cada 5 minutos