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— 1 Explain ta #tatt about ee adteoc peteoovts nat seasor AcTwoves . 1) movie edtioc Aefaoies | A mobile ad Loc Azleaor (Hanet) %& an cafito aomous ayy ch molsile MalPou conreded weneless links te Porm o Astoork- Rus Rete can be yap. Ad Woe Aétoovts Packelr modelad in tte rm of an arbity rary J ane peer to peer, multi Lop Falvoorles wolrere, dale ave transmitted rom puree tS a deiliaclivn vfa txle rmedtate Andes. DAtErmediale poder kere ar wulers ca tedis case Bn oA od Loe Aetionk Tare, votil be ablaalfous olan some of tea Andes could be eute Ay range vottte respect to some Sllar Aodes + Lohan ~ This Agtianve needs to reeomfqure PBF hopper ,~Thae aad erature That the paths Lzlaeen™ eso AOder Ae hvedlabte fan an od oe Aaltork, conmunicaliva Urls fcould be otter Syminetnic Cbidiceetinnat) or assymelsic ( uridivectivaal). | a | (52 ¥ ‘e MW) Asymine lie i “Ks a - 7 Link es SD Symwticlic | Link | | ‘\ | | | Wass 5) fg? Mobile Ad toe Nefuvorle | To design a qood volrelers ad Loc aelwork or tacfoymalton felusork , we Aved “ty account Rr various Chalte nges Tape One 3) Dynemie topolo it : Noda are fiee™lo move tan artilrary Pslion vexul tag aU topology changing were Quis clanaclerzitic — clemanchs “ens coefigur ation Ge | AeTooDYK - i) Lmiled secusdly « Lotvelecs “AeltGov bs ane Vulnerable “ allack - Mobile ores ane more vulnerable at by design any Jad woe “Fella be able te Join or leave Tee Aeluorle any | node juould dime. Ras requires fled bile asd higher Opennety . Ti) Boadwtdth limited woiveless AeTworks tn ce) are bord poidta limited . BA On ad boc Adluork ft ali tte more Av because Thave or multipler luigher bandwid { | | 2 Ao back bose ‘ty Lorde Q. boty 2 pouling iA Oo mobile ad hoe “Relwore % complex. Racling Toa Mus depends On many Faclon , tactucing (ele. outing pate , celeclion of voulers topology, Prelro 2) vorveless Sensor Natiaorks ots aye a class of ad toc Ael sort3. wueful iA uaprediclable,un— clale woirelecs sensor Agia | Sensor Aettooves one very |vveliable eayironment . Sensor Aelisorty ore PUMori used in alecbense environ leollection poi: Query an Luidel al, of raluce- A wireless &M6or Aelcoor ke fete orvlogy ad s L2s a collectiva of Lovo cot ,Lowd power disporable devices [Each of Thare devices Lele Aen0ing , lateaTina moduler. sense AaTworves ove memory ard commu rely unmanned - | Seafors may AoE Love ary power aource Slker “len [Smal bertteries - Miarecfore power coxtrol fo major | Clalienge in gonsot Ralioovls “t erture Long Lhe ATG vetraorle | Deseribe GPRS aad ENE GPRS Coeneral Packet Radio service) a Alee efficiently transport higt speed data even" cureeat™ acm ond Toma bated winelecs Aeloore vaca Truc tuvet. ) Qpes ard Pacleet Data neTioork GRee w*ll thrive in bole vericat aad hovgoalal alee where tug speed lata “transmission Sur wirelem Aeluoovles %s Neceffany. Ths deployment of Gpes | Actioover cuiowsr voriely of rcv applica lioas ranging |-Rom mobiie e-commerce “to mobile coxporei te IPH occect |> Quali, of service. | le Service Precedence ae priority of O& Service in cetelipa to afoluer service. & Rottability iadicaler The bransmiscion clhoraclenslc vequired y aN appucalion 3 cklay Povarhelers define maximum values forte mean tela y andthe as-percénlile delay: u Througsput species The maximum [peak bit vate and tte mean bit rate. 2) GPRs Network Architecture Ges uses The Com arcluitecture for voice Mn order tv offer date services “TROUg Le PRE a Aew clas | of nattoork Avdet Aved “tv be Tlrocuced ax an upyrede rte “the eusting Qim xetworle- | Thete saqecow Andes one called GPRS dupport aodel | Cus’) « Gees support Andes ome veswasi ble -for Tie eletivery ard wuting of data packet belwen thes Imobile Ztatiow ard the exleraat Pacleet clata Nélwoorks “Too tye of supporting Aodes » Scant Lewin Car! faad Cunt (Cale Lady Cunt’), B) Security GPRS setunity -fiuActionalty Fe crenilar tp Ua | | extras Cum SeuuiGy. The Stent perfouon deThe dticalys Faad cipher setting procedures hated O06 The saree. Algavithors ; Leys and criteria'as in Gt 4) GPRS NeTioore operations iA a GPRE poliomk = requiet Ag ytd Data ctranmis ior ‘ocol Aen OAce a AEP iA tte COM of tte Prot Pet movie scalioa powered Coe ‘xbwduces” Holt te tte Action by a setting a “GPRS Aitack" wequet- “Nehgork acest Can be ortieved Rom et (lor he \Aalork Aide orvtta ms cide of Tae GPRO NETWorle 1) GPRS Appt lion . chat! GpRe wru offer ubiquitous cleat ‘ate grating Bneack chek aad © voivelets celal wang SHs aad WAP: fa Service? Hultimed ia © Huttimedi bjece can be tear ved over Ke mobile Elev le - |vstial privele Eoovt 2 GPRS AeTiooile can be wed to offer VPN @rvices- fete afer maliva management Ls Gy Location pated srwices ard Tete mal | ic) GPRS umi ta Pox be Limild cell copart Gy for Att Users } 2 greed lower in nealily ¢) Bling ~ |prs ts exEn{Pally a packet avotlelainy | euerlay ova ciecull avai leliny qoluoorke » The GPRS | pectic Flipulate Thok The minimum changiay tacthimdled mut be collected - Entarced Daté Rater For G84 Evolulion Enue) Gakarced Dale Rates for Cum Coolileon CENue) * oA upgrade to Cara/ Gees KeTooles “te offer | hagleen copact ty ard performance. in data ctransmitsion- EDGE B& AN dagprovemenl to Than GPRS ain tAlerface tit enables lager wer Wet rales ard qredler syle capactlyy by cabins y capabililier “ta prysicel ee Core poder in pes lke Ten ard Gtant ane Nor affected boy Take lagher bit Yalu and bance 0 [new Lorcroure % aequired fir LOGE Only bare A [a O88 yes peed to be E0LE capable. Evolved ENGE Tus nea gencralior of ENE i calted Evolved of Offering dala rdlex cle t — ENGE Thar fs capalole aHbtls . An Wis , latencies would be xuduced 4 Sowering Tha Transmission Thine Oaterval (eta) Rom foo mee LOM. Tus would be Tao upl UaAG dual | Conniers , Wigler symbol anole aad Ligue order |oduulalio. aad ~tarbo codes “to improve error couecliox (Teous et Be Sle in teeing Puase, a Zc zing hofled ara chooper alter daltue ty Riu Pudg ed etep loyment te 3G, Neloorty . Explain OCP and APsee DBypaenic Hct cor-Rgucalioa probool actiguiralios pYOloco} & mainly The Dynamic Hout Co tastallaliva avd maidlanonce db- ud to sien pify “We compuless. Mf a Ato Corrpiler fe connéele d Asttainted lotth all Tae Wy a aolcoovk , ONCP can provide tt menettory ineforertilion for “futt sem tress wale addiesses of 0 The Subnek mack Ue vite ASLOOW yo Drie server ond Te default swGler > domain name, ah an .9p addvert . Providing an 2P addiett , mate OHCP 44 “altve cin enobile 49 a6 a source Ay Gare dh adddeeries -wlile P melanism anc Aun pde, many “eplions clive ttt, baie DUC anc available Ducp t bated en a client /rerver mode! OHCP client feack @ rezuet ty a server C ONC poiscoue? ) to toluck “tie server rerpoad. Dr cpowcove R e—_—_— Oucporscove & > ae Bowe HCP configuration 9g MAC broadcay to LA cheat sends wequeit wsing meacl al} ckeuicer 10 “The LAN: A OCP ular Migut be Autded tw Brood wequal across iAler eee unity to a OHCP Seruer - cod cacadiclate for supporliy” Te Oncp tr ag of addyersess fir mobile neces: acquisition of Care Teo same Wolds for alt Slhas poramelers Anoded , wut cb addyeres The default molar 7, ONS zeroes Tae +timesenver ZIc. -~- OCP GeEAVOA stauld be laced inm tie subnet cb Ta access Point vp Mobite Aode oy at leotr « ONCP malay glo uld Provide -fovwoandiny Ay tee messager RPc 2 Covohms, 2001 ) Apecidies Sutbenti cation for OHCP messages Colic is Aseded te Prolecr mobile nodes from malicious OCP senvers- witout aca q@ealina 7a molite Aodle caalt” stu ox DHCP sAvEL ,ard The DHCP etver cantt- drut tt mobile rode . DApser 2P ee Canteiner Procol Secuui ty) er an Baleraoke Eagincesity tart. Prce( cere) Aandard suits dh Pralocels | stcSean tro commanicalius salairt amttunticalton , ixteg defi sod Tle eneryple J, eecryped pooded By port otros The 2P that provide tala v1 andl | coafidentiality. Ot alto oad Sulbantscalad packet Qe probocoty KOLUKe key exchange acl Pa management, ver of #P KtuiGy 2% ener y or applicalive foyer (DW (wovide seer by fy Use woULLeTS ceadiag blic Aleraet . late routing Bal acrow “The pul 3% pride aEEEATcelion weteout enciypuor ‘Nive toy oultantrcate Thor Te dota Origiaates fom, a kaon Sender - % pdleer Zolwowk dole by setling up civil Luter ue ~tunneliay ©) 2p wruil, Arclitecture | ies 8 POT G teeure Tk shattic or dala | Fas Rare prOlocel are Greapsulalion secret | Payload Cesp) ard aAattasrticalion “treader at) | apiee Awtuteetve iAtlundes proTacsl ,algonthns | Out and key manapernent - [Au Wee Comporsmty ars oy impprilent 1A Brder “ty provide Tha Tare main services | be cor dejTia BE,” | a ATT el 3 Ane grity - | han titec lure | aay LoAlicaliva AY ortho Exp proloce) Encry plior A oritheo Op sent, Arc tecture G) ExplaiA Tee clacsificalion of Nala Deliver | 1 Mechonisns - ‘Tiere are “oo Rirdampalet jafyrmalior aleltvery ‘netbdy for wireless data applicaldy + poiat wo “point access anal Broadeait: Conppaved wet point & [Pant access broad catt & more attraclive Meliod . ‘ss le broadeat ho dale REM ean Selufy at the [out tinding Dope That term str Tarnoverty | Date Delivery methanicns ane classified tato Tass Le pete based meckanisms (publish subscrl be mode) | | a pull bared meekanisms ( 0A demand mode ) | 3 shylard meeranicans C hylnid mode) . | Kecarity wah week peformance lity 1SYO cornparabi\ity empac protection athe Clowi fication of data delve enecharisn There ove +WC undamental infomation delivery maeds| Joy wirelem clot? applications point -4o- Porat acces | and bwadcost compared with point Point accews, broadcast is & More attractive method. asiagte bioad- |- cast of- data item can catisty all the undirstardi | vequests for that them Siroullancously 0 | | Dola- deliver mechanisms Can be Clowified into 3 Caleqer'ss » famely. » push- bosd ancehonisn 5 (publish; | ceklibe. enocle) » pul taxed mechanism 3 Con- dervord) | mod) » and hybra mechanism s (hybrid mode) | push- based mechentsrnse> | the Sewer pusher date records froma Sct of dis- | - tributed computing Systerns Exarnpls ave aduitisers| | ov gqawratos of babhic Congestion , whuther ceports | | Stock quotes and news reports | | the push mode iS also Known a publish Subsrihe| | node | push - paved quchysens bucbant 19 She ly mann WAAAY data records 0 be. pushed algarithen proudes an adaptable mul pamits data items to by A Shucture of selected» An <4 [evel mechanism that be pasted dat sceehenemas inkenals wing ja) Date is peste | an adaptive alganthm. pong only onc, Saves | tanduidth 13) Bandwidth: ave adopted fer dowalink ising an 1 | algerie? cusually higher bandwidth is allocated to iecnrds © having hight Number of Subcribers aghiy aceon probabilities gy to those with Fy sem, a6 also adopted to Sfp push over 40° another cetl |i mechan 4 when} a duvice is handed Advantages ot push bared ared muchanisms enabk broadcast of | )) push-t cavices to multiple davies rs data 2) The Stiver is not intayupted fiegquently by veg) —uuts from mobile civice 3 bd | | 3) Thue muchaniim abe prevent Sever overload, | aahich might be coured by Heoding, at davice | | vequats |p Also, —the wser even ‘gets ‘the data he would ved uch a4 trattic congestion | | have other wise forthtoming weather yeperts tC Disadvantoges | Disadvantages } push- bared rucharisms dlisserninale OF unsolicited eal [indvant ov out of Contict data, hich may cos ince to the wher the nacthods of mobil Tep | protocol) {5 onc of- the #aconvent ©) Kiplens Tep (Tronsenissio" protocols of er protocols Control the internet Protocos Suite. it Js enain | tics burnee? the application and network layers J sohich ave’ uscd #9 provid Veliable. dilivery Servic jon ovientte protocoA for CBromuni nec hulps in the exchange of messages duyites lover & nerwor, » the 1 establsho a technique om puters jheis w Cor cations 4 hot Fala ROS tao poivcol(£P) » which ynick packers puween ¢ int Jov naif doko works with TC, -npestion or | Cy | working of TCps— ‘fe evoke save abot toch, meso : Z i Yeaches its tage | rotation wndacl » the 1ep/ip coe bueaks ‘do | the data into smoll bundle into the ovigio * igiona | - mnusage on the opposite end. Sending Hh STEN in Witte bundla of information maker if s A it Simplicy ca to maintain eFFicien IM eFHCeNncy ay opresed to send agin aievery 4 feaear g Features oF Teplip: Some of the most Prominent Features of transmission contvol protocel ave 1) Seqment Numbering Si stem Sa de [x Tep Keeps tvact oF the seqments, being tarumitted | O71 xeceive aunigning mumbas to each and toy single one of them [ 2) Connection oviented sit means sendiv and -vectiver ave Conncikd 40 gach othe till the Completon of the pou x fhe | oveler OF the dake. 1s maintained f.e, order Yemains Same before and after tyansmission [£2 sealholsiplot-e |» fn Tep dota can be Pe ae orneyzec er | | 4p the Sendur oy vice- Vase at the Same time | sik wewass Ceticiency OF data flow betweer | Send and veceivey ji) ag Caco | > Flew control ents the Yate at which a sen | transfers data x the vectivey Continually Kinks +o the Sender pn few, much data can” be ieccivet | 5) Ever control pe Tep tenplarnents an C3104 | yeliabl dato tiansfey a control mechanism fo, control include + Enov » conupicd seq 3) out of Ord Segrnent s ac & lost Segrrent i eauti sSeqrnent § x Tep taxes wrlo account he level of congestion ih the network ee |. congestiom level 1s deterenined eq the armours of dato. Sent by a sender Advantaqat- ait iso ve liable protocol Jeet gies Plow, control ry ib makes sure that the data veacha the poopy clstinakion Be it provides an tyioi- a mechanism 04 well oy one for, recovery Deabeniegas = x tep ig mada: for wide area networks thar its Size can become a qssue for Small nctesorks with {pw yesources #2 Tepe vans several layers So if can slouy dow) the Spud of the network x jb is oot ie in nature + No moditreations Since theiv devélopment —_ | pvound ae years ago f

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