or

Michael J. Pry

4
Edición Revisada 2019

© 2016 Michael John Pryor

D.R. © 2016 Stepping Stones Publishing

www.step-up.com.mx

ISBN 978-607-9442-65-1

Visual e impresos S.A de C.V

Basilio Badillo #820
Guadalajara, jalisco, México.
Tel: (33) 36 55 62 85
Email: ventas@visualeimpresos.com.mx

Se prohíbe la reproducción, el registro o la transmisión parcial o total de esta obra por cualquier sistema
de recuperación de información, sea mecánico, fotoquímico, electrónico, magnético, electro-óptico, por
fotocopia o cualquier otro, existente o por existir, sin el permiso previo por escrito del titular de los derechos
correspondientes.

Impreso y hecho en México / Printed and made in Mexico

CONTENTS
Platform One
Our natural resources
Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Keep going . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Wrap up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Platform Two
Our history and culture
Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Keep going . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Wrap up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Platform Three
Our society
Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Keep going . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Wrap up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
 Scope & sequence

START UP
Language functions vocabulary

Exchange information about

STEP 1 Materials
how products are made
Our natural resources
PLATFORM 1

Give and ask for information

STEP 2 about how resources are • Brainstorm Natural habitats
used
• Rethinking plastic
Analyze and describe • Survey: green warrior or big
polluter? Looking after
STEP 3 actions that benefit and
the environment
harm the environment

Examine the relationship

STEP 4 between two or more Energy in nature
elements in a sentence

STEP 1 Government
Our histoty and culture
PLATFORM 2

Express hypothetical
STEP 2 • Brainstorm Money matters
options
• From Mexico… to the world!
• Survey: what would you do
STEP 3 Explore hypothetical if…? Travel
changes to past events

Analyze hypothetical changes

STEP 4 to the past and its effects History
on the present

Mention general, unspecified Landmarks

STEP 1
elements in a sentence
PLATFORM 3

Examine similarities or
Our society

STEP 2 differences between • Brainstorm Artistic expressions

two items
• Crazy commutes
• Survey: What do I know
STEP 3 Confirm information about my country’s history? The daily commute

Emphasize almost
STEP 4 certain information Media & Advertising
KEEP GOING
WRAP UP
reading speaking
language
& listening & writing

Passive voice: Houses made Which country

present of plastic is it made in?

The world’s • Logical thinking: which power station?

Passive voice: Strange news
first sustainable • Wonderful words: Adverbs
past headlines
school • Say it right: oo
Helping • Project: environmental first aid
Passive voice Keeping our
the environment • Language review
vs active voice planet clean
in my town • Vocabulary review

Correlative Abel Cruz: the Describing with

conjunctions cloud catcher correlatives

2nd conditional What would If I were

(would) you do? Governor…

What you could • Project: Our most significant historical event

2nd conditional If I won
do with a million • say it right: -e
(could/might) a million dollars
dollars • Wonderful words: Adverbs
The new 7 • Competition: Where in Mexico?
If it hadn’t
3 rd conditional wonders of the • Vocabulary review
happened
world • Language review
An alternative
3 rd conditional Alternative
history of
history
America

Landmarks in
Indefinite pronouns Jokes in English my town

• Say it right: i…e/-igh

Interview with • Wonderful words: Conjunctions
As…as As cold as ice
an artist
• Competition: My society board game
• Project: My advertising campaign
Tag questions: A traffic love Getting around
in my town • Language review
Be/Can
• Vocabulary review
Which advertising
Tag questions: Advertising in
method for your
Simple tenses my society
company?
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank all our friends, family, colleagues and

loved ones for their continuous support, not only during this
lengthy project, but at every moment of our professional and
personal lives. Without your encouragement and help, none of
this would be possible. Thank you for being such a special part
of our lives, especially July, Rosie, Jonathan, mum, dad, Charlie,
Chris, grandparents and all the rest.

A special thanks of course to Saúl Davalos Morales, whose

vision and experience has made this project possible. Thanks
for organising everything and pushing us to get to where we are
today. Also to Felipe and Ceci and their team for giving life and
color to our ideas. You have given clarity and order to our messy
ideas and made them even more attractive and appealing than
we could have ever imagined. Thanks for understanding and
complementing us so well!

A special mention must be made to Juan Fco. Garza Ibarra

and all our audio collaborators, Stuart Andrews; Ana
Caballero; Marí a de la Luz Salazar Dominguez; Alejandro
Rodríguez Caro, Sarah Joanne Brown, Leticia Adelina Ruiz
Guerrero and Fabiola Coronado Corona. Also of course, to
Paola Valle Clemente; Azucena Espinoza Guzmán;
Cuauhtémoc Gómez Castellanos; María Teresa Ibarra López
and Armando Antidio Zarzosa Rendón; Paola Bugambilia
Moreno Veloz and Lizbeth Anaya Loaiza for all your input,
experience and expertise. Your invaluable contributions have
made this book a better version of what we could have only
hoped for without you.
And last, but not least, to our students. You are our inspiration
and the very reason for this series. We truly hope this material
helps you to achieve your goals and reach your potential. Good
luck, and enjoy!

Mike.
 OUR NATURAL RESOURCES
Talk
about it

• Where do you think this is? What is grown here?

• What is happening in the picture?
• How are the people here using natural resources? Is this a good
or bad use of natural resources? Why?
• Are there any places similar to this in your area? Where?

PLATFORM ONE
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS:
Step 1: Exchange information about how products are made
Step 2: Give and ask for information about how resources are used
Step 3: Analyze and describe actions that beneƒt and harm the environment
Step 4: Examine the relationship between two or more elements in
a sentence

Platform One 1
 BRAINSTORM
START UP

What words do you know from these categories?

Complete the spaces with all the words or terms you know.

Materials Natural spaces

The environment Natural resources + energy

Give
More

• Use the dictionary or internet to help you complete all the spaces in each category.
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers with your partner. You can add any extra words if necessary.

2 Platform One
 SURVEY: GREEN WARRIOR OR BIG POLLUTER?

START UP
Warm up

Do you try to help the environment? Why (not)?

What actions do you do or not do that help the environment?
And you?
AND YOU

• Answer this questionnaire to discover how much you damage or help the
environment.

Never Sometimes Always

1. Do you walk or cycle for less than 3
kilometers?

2. Do you turn off all electrical appliances

if you are not using them or you’re not in
the room?

3. Do you reuse plastic bottles and

otherdisposable items before you put
them in the trash?

4. Do you use both sides of all paper that

you write on?

5. Do you recycle all glass, plastic, paper

and metal that you use?

6. Do you turn off the faucet while you

are brushing your teeth?

7. Do you put your trash in trash cans?

8. Do you use cold water to wash your

clothes, dishes, etc.?

9. Do you plant trees, flowers, plants, etc.?

10. Do you take a shower in less than 5

minutes?
• Now, add up your answers. Give yourself 2 points for every
‘always’ answer; 1 point for every ‘sometimes’ answer; 0
points for every ‘never’ answer. How many points do you
have?

15-20 points = You love the environment

10-14 points = Our planet needs you! Help more
0-9 points = Change your ways! Your habits are hurting our home.
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers to your classmates. Who is the most environmentally

friendly member of your group? Who is a danger to the environment?
Give
More
What specific actions or habits do you do that harm the environment most?
What other actions or habits of yours help the environment most?

Platform One 3
 RETHINKING PLASTIC
START UP

Warm up
How much plastic do you use? Is plastic an important element of your life?
What do you do with this plastic after you finish using it? What happens to
Reading this plastic next?

• Read these texts about interesting, different uses for recycling plastic.

T
ake a look around you. Look at everything made of plastic. It’s everywhere and inevitable
in modern life. Plastic is normally derived from petrochemicals and is notoriously dan-
gerous for the environment, sometimes taking centuries to decompose. At the moment,
it is estimated that there are more than 6 billion tons of plastic garbage in the world. But
these people have found a way to make plastic a friend of the environment, with these innovative
and life-changing projects. Their vision has given a new use to an old product and could help
millions of people –and the environment– in the process.

WARKA WATER 5

T
his concept was created by the Italian
architect Arturo Vitolli and was inspired
by the shape and design of the Warka
tree, which is native to Ethiopia, in Africa. And
it’s no coincidence that Ethiopia is one of the
driest countries in the world, where its people
fight every day to find clean drinking water.
Inspired by the structure of the Warka tree
and using economic materials of just plastic
and bamboo, he created these easy-to-build
towers which can collect up to 100 liters of
clean water from the atmosphere per day. It’s
a possible solution to the eternal problem of
bringing water to the driest parts of Africa. WASTED LAB 2

O
f the 26 kilograms of plastic waste each
person produces every year, only 1.8kg
is recycled. Why do you think this is?
Do people need an incentive to recycle more?
Well, there’s no better incentive than money.
That’s exactly what the Wasted Lab in the
north of Amsterdam has done. Residents in
Amsterdam receive credits for recycling their
garbage. Depending on the amount of their
recyclable garbage, they exchange this credit
in a variety of local businesses. The plastic
they recycle is used to make blocks for statues
and decorations around the city, and also to
build a supermarket!
So, Wasted Lab is improving the urban
vision, increasing recycling and stimulating
local business. A win for everyone!

4 Platform One
 START UP
4
NET-WORKS & INTERFACE

T
here are many everyday objects
which cause specific problems for the
environment and the world’s wildlife.
One of these are old fishing nets. Every year,
millions of fish and other sea creatures are
trapped in old, abandoned fishing nets, causing
them to die. Net-Works takes these abandoned
death traps and recycles them into carpet tiles.
Interface is the company that produces and
sells these carpet tiles. Their objective is to
make 100% of all their carpet tiles from this
material by the year 2020. Converting potential
dangers into useful material and saving marine
animals in the process!
PARLEY FOR THE OCEANS 3

A
nother company finding a better use
for plastic ocean waste is Parley for
the Oceans. They work together with
the sports giant Adidas to recycle illegally
abandoned fishing nets and convert them into
the fibers that are used to make one of their
running shoes. That’s right: it’s a sports shoe
made from recycled plastic waste.
Proyecto VIEM:
Viviendas Emergentes 1

R
ecycling plastic, glass or other materials
is good, but reusing is even better. Most
people try to recycle PET bottles, but
this group of Mexican volunteers is finding
a better use for them. They use clean, used,
empty bottles and transform them into building
material. How? Well, they fill the bottles with
sand or soil and close them. The bottle is now a
solid brick and it can be used like a normal brick
to build walls and complete houses. The group
was formed after the terrible earthquakes of
September 2017 and is using the remnants
from the destruction of the earthquake to fill
the bottles and rebuild houses.

Listen
1 • Listen to the people talking about their experiences with these innovative items.
Which item are they describing in each conversation? Write the number of the
conversation next to the corresponding image.

Compare
+ share Which of these projects is the most interesting, in your opinion? Why? Which
project helps the environment most? Give reasons for your answer. Share
your ideas with your classmates.

Platform One 5
 VOCABULARY

MATERIALS
Warm up

What materials are found in your house or household objects?

KEEP GOING

Are they natural or man-made materials?

Practice

• Classify the materials in the box, according to the four categories below.
Then, put the word under the corresponding image.

iron cotton brick paper

sand stainless steel leather gold
card glass aluminum wood
silk cement cardboard wool
Fabrics

leather wool silk cotton

Metals

stainless steel gold iron aluminum

products
Wood

wood cardboard paper card

materials
Building

sand brick cement glass

you?
AndYOU
AND

What products made of each material do you have at home?

Give
More
• What other materials in each category do you know? Write them in the box below.

6 Platform One
 LANGUAGE

PASSIVE VOICE: PRESENT

Hey Christy. I love the design
of your new handbag. It’s made of small colored plastic
beads. It’s produced by the Huicholes,

KEEP GOING
in Nayarit.
And, where did you buy it?
Well, the Huichol products aren’t sold
Well, I’m going to look for them the in big departments stores. I bought it
next time I go to the market. It’s at a local market.
beautiful and so unique.

Warm up

What is an active person? How can you describe an active person? And a passive
person? What’s the difference between an active and passive person?
TIP!
We use by to
refer to the
In an active sentence, the subject comes • Compare these sentences: person/object/
before the verb and the subject does the company
action of the verb. Active voice who does the
Jalisco produced tequila action.
In a passive sentence, the object receives We use of to
the action of the verb. Passive voice refer to the
material.
Tequila is produced by Jalisco

Be + past participle
Am I REMEMBER!
I am (not)
he seen Don’t forget
He hit Is she designed to include
She is (not) made it created ? the correct
It produced programmed conjugation
used you of be.
We found
recycled Are we
You are (not) they
They

Practice • In each sentence, one word is missing. Add the missing word.
1 This bag is made of leather.
2 Modern houses are built from metal and bricks.
3 My uncle’s house is designed by a famous Mexican architect.
4 Electricity is used in most modern appliances.
5 Millions of cars are produced worldwide every month.
Practice
• Complete these passive sentences with the corresponding form of be and the past participle.

1 Plastic bottles, papers, soda cans and glass bottles are recycled (recycle) in many countries.
2 Most of the latest technology is designed (design) by the companies in Silicon Valley near San Francisco.
3 Unfortunately thousands of trees in the Amazon rainforest are cut (cut) down to make furniture or paper.
4 Every six years, a new president is elected (elect) in Mexico.
5 This television show is recorded (record) with a live audience.
And you?
AND YOU

What products are made or produced in your state? In your country? Share your answers with
your classmates. Be sure to use full sentences with the passive voice.

Platform One 7
 READING & LISTENING

Warm up
HOUSES MADE OF PLASTIC
Reading
What materials are used in the construction of houses in your region? Are these materials recycled?
KEEP GOING

• Read this text about houses that are made from recycled plastic bricks.

T
hese houses are made from plastic bricks, similar then compressed and melted and 3kg bricks are formed,
to large Lego blocks. This material helps to cre- similar to Lego bricks because they link together. The com-
ate cheap housing for poor families and reduce pany also makes the posts and pillars that are used in their
the millions of tons of plastic waste around the world. constructions. With this material, they’re ready to build their
The bricks are made by a Colombian company, called houses, community centers or shelters.
Conceptos Plásticos. It’s managed by the co-founders,
Fernando Llanos and Oscar Mendez, an architect.
One solution for three problems
These bricks help to solve three big problems in Colom-
bia and the world.
The recycled plastic means that thousands of tons of
plastic trash aren’t thrown into the ecosystem. Conse-
quently, millions of plants and animals are protected.
The houses also protect and empower the most vulner-
able sector of society: the poor. And because the inhab- How are the houses built?
itants build their own houses, they are in control of their Another great advantage of this project is the efficienc . Lo-
life. Finally, many more jobs are created and the local cal people are trained in how to use the bricks and previous
economy is benefited. construction experience isn’t necessary to build these sim-
ple, Lego-stylehouses. A six-room house of 40m2 is built by
How are the bricks made?
four people in just fi e days.
All different types of plastic objects, including bottles,
So with this new material, the whole community comes to-
computer parts, machines and packaging are collected
gether to create more dignified lives for those who need it.
from local factories and recycling plants. The plastic is
And they help the environment in the process.

Practice
• Read the text again and check the box of the paragraph in the text where this information is found.

Introduction One solution for How are the How are the
Which paragraph... three problems bricks made? houses built?
1 Explains the production process of the material?

2 Describes the construction process?

3 Gives us information about the company

responsible for the product?
4 Details why this product is so useful?

5 Mentions the positive environmental impact?

Listen
2
• Conceptos Plasticos is part of the Chivas Venture group of social projects around the world.
Listen to 5 more of the 2016 projects and draw a line from the name of the project to the materials
used in each product. You won’t use all the materials.
1 Coolar 2 Eco mensajeria 3 Habitec 4 Wacami 5 Ich

plastic fabric leather paper wood metal solar panels

Give
More
Which of these projects do you think is the most promising for the future?
Why? Share your opinions with your partner.

8 Platform One
 WHICH COUNTRY IS IT MADE IN?
Warm up

What products are made in your country?

KEEP GOING
Are any of these products produced in your state?
Talk
about it
• Look at these 8 countries. What items are produced in these countries?
• Use the list of products and verbs to describe what is produced in each country.
Be sure to use the passive voice.
• You can repeat the countries for some products.

China
tequila
Germany grow
coffee
Russia rice make
Japan wine produce
Mexico clothes design
Chile technology manufacture
USA vodka assemble
Brazil cars

Give
More
• With your partner, try to add other popular or famous products from
these or other countries.
Write
about it
• Now, choose any of the items from the list above or any other product and describe
the production process. What materials are used? How is it assembled? Use at
least 4 sentences in passive voice.

Compare
+Share

• Compare your writing with your partner. Do you know about all the steps of the
production process? Pay attention to the use of the passive voice.

Platform One 9
 VOCABULARY

NATURAL HABITATS
Warm up

Do you enjoy being in contact with nature? Why?

KEEP GOING

What effects does nature have on you?

Practice

• Look at the different categories of nature below and rearrange the letters
in the box to write the correct name of each area
Water

necoa ocean ase sea keal lake evrri river

Heights

antinomu lihl hill lelvay valley acoolnv

mountain volcano
Habitats

legnuj / jungle osowd/ woods erdets desert acost/ coast

storefinar rainforest fretos forest acheb beach

ycti city nowt town alivegl village ellwifid wildlife

And you?
AND YOU

Which of these spaces do you have in your state?

Which is your favorite natural space? What do you do there?

10 Platform One
 LANGUAGE

PASSIVE VOICE: PAST

Hi John. Have you seen the
new mall that was opened last

month? It’s amazing, don’t you
think?
Ah, yes, that’s true. It was
declared an area of exceptional
natural beauty by an
environmental agency some
years ago.
You’re right, it’s such a shame.
We have to look after our
natural habitats more.
KEEP GOING
Well, yes, it’s an amazing mall
and it’s beautiful. But, remember
that it was built on the site of a
beautiful lake.
Exactly, and the lake was
completely destroyed.
Apparently, more than 2, 000
trees and animals were killed to
clear space for the mall.

To use the passive voice in past tense, we put the auxiliary verb (be) in past tense – was / were.

I I
he robbed he made
was (not) Was
she declared she designed
it built it developed ?
we opened you produced
you were (not) used Were we killed
they they

• Compare these passive voice sentences in present and past:

The mall is made of cement, glass and metal. It was opened in 2017.
The valley is inhabited by a variety of wildlife. It was declared a national park in 2012.
Practice

• Put the verbs in brackets in the past passive voice

1 Last year, the forest
(destroy)in a forest fire.
2 This town was built
more than 300 years ago.
Practice
was destroyed 3 The local animals’ habitats were affected
(affect) by the hurricane last month.
(build) 4 The river near my house was polluted
(pollute) by a large factory last year, and thousands of
fish were killed (kill).

• Change these passive voice sentences form present to past.

1 The village on the beach is visited by 4 Every day, more than a million telephone calls
thousands of tourists every year. are made across the world.
Last year, the village on the beach was visited Yesterday, more than a million telephone calls
by thousands of tourist were made across the world
2 The wood from this species of tree isn’t used in
construction nowadays. 5 Nowadays, metal and bricks are used in most
The wood from this species of tree was(n’t) domestic constructions.
used in construction in the past. In the past, wood was used in most domestic
3 construction
Where are those cars made?
Where were those cars made?

Platform One 11
 THE WORLD’S FIRST SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL
Warm up

What do you understand by ‘environmentally friendly’? Is your school environmentally friendly?

KEEP GOING

Reading How/why (not)?

• Read this article about a sustainable school in Uruguay.
An environmentally friendly school
The world’s first sustainable school materials, including 14,000 cans, 5,000 grows a variety of fruits and vegeta-
was designed in Jaureguiberry, a glass bottles and 4,000 plastic bottles, bles.
small village on the coast of Uruguay, 2,200 tires and 2,000m2 of cardboard. The first of many mor
next to a river. The school was built These materials were used for the The school was opened in February
in just 45 days, with the help of more general construction of the school. 2016, now the founders Tagma are
than 200 volunteers. The project was The school also generates its own looking to work with other commu-
designed by a Uruguayan civil society electricity from solar panels on the nities around the world to copy this
organization, called Tagma. roof. It also collects rainwater thanks project and benefit more communi-
How to make a sustainable school to the hills and forests in the region ties, while saving the environment at
The preparation process took a much and has its own garden, where it the same time.
longer time; a year, in fact. During this
time, people from 30 countries were
involved and the local people were
given a training course, including tips
and techniques to reuse their waste
products for the school. The team
also organized meetings, festivals,
workshops and visits to the area to
get more people involved in this com-
munity project and to raise crucial
funds for the construction.
Ingredients for a sustainable school
The school is made from recycled
Practice
• Read the text again carefully and answer the questions with full sentences.
1 Where was the sustainable school built? In Jaureguiberry, Uruguay.
2 In how many days was the school built? In just 45 days.
3 How many people were involved in the project? More than 200 volunteers.
4 What material was used to build the school? 14 000 cans, 5 000 glass bottles, 4 000 pla tic bottles, 2 200 tir
5 When was this school opened? In February 2016. [and 2 200 m2 of cardboard.
Listen
3
• Listen to the descriptions of three other sustainable buildings in Mexico.
Fill in the descriptions with the missing information you hear.

Tubohotel Green Roof, Universidad del Arte

Infonavit offices
Location: Location: Location:
Forest, Tepoztlan, Morelos Infonavit building, Mexico City Puebla

Materials used: Materials used: Materials used:

Concrete tubes Variety of plants Concrete, plants

Opening date: Opening date: Opening date:

2011 2008 2013

And you?
AND YOU

Which of these 3 places would you like to visit? Why? Share your opinion with your classmates.

12 Platform One
 STRANGE NEWS HEADLINES
Warm up
• Have you ever read a strange news story? What happened? What’s the most
interesting or surprising news story you’ve heard?

KEEP GOING
Talk
about it
• Look at these newspaper headlines and invent what you think happened, using a
sentence in passive voice. Share your idea with your partner. Then, ask your
partner a question using the passive voice, based on what they said.

CA R DE ST RO YE D BY
m Shark seen in local lake
red in far
GR OU P OF AN IMA LS
ove
Gold disc
CA R DIS AP PE AR S
S T ROYS HOUSE
IN LOCAL RIVER T R E E D E
PPED
GIRLS TRA Alien vehicle BANK ROB
IN ZOO fo un d in ju ng le CAUGHT BY OLDB E R S
L ADY

TREE DESTROYS HOUSE

A house was destroyed
yesterday when a tree fell on
the roof. Two bedrooms were Were the family members
completely demolished. hurt in the incident?

Write
about it
• Now, choose one of the headlines and invent the news story. Don’t forget to include
some details and include a minimum of three sentences in passive voice, past
tense. Try to make it as creative and interesting as possible!

Put your headline here:

Compare
+ share

• Show your news story to your partner. Did you choose the same news story? Check the correct
use of passive voice in past tense. Make any corrections if necessary. Share your story with your
classmates. Who has the funniest and most creative story?

Platform One 13
 VOCABULARY

LOOKING AFTER THE ENVIRONMENT

Warm up In your opinion, what does environmentally-friendly mean?
KEEP GOING

Do you consider yourself an environmentally-friendly person?

Why do we call environmentally-friendly people and products green?
Practice

• Put the words from the box under the corresponding image.

endangered species water pollution the greenhouse effect

air pollution biodegradable noise pollution

litter radioactive contamination deforestation

ecosystem / habitat climate change / global warming recycle

deforestation the greenhouse effec water pollution

litter ecosystem/habitat air pollution
endangered species biodegradable noise pollution
climate change/global warming recycle radioactive contamination

Give
More
Which of these activities are beneficial for the environment? Which are harmful?

14 Platform One
 LANGUAGE

ACTIVE VOICE VS PASSIVE VOICE

Hi Christy. Have you seen all the
pollution in our town recently?

You’re right. The factories
pollute a lot and cause a lot of
sickness.
KEEP GOING
I know, it’s horrible. The air is
polluted with the smoke from
all the cars and the factories.
And the river’s polluted by the
factories, too.

Good point. Lots of sicknesses

We all pollute. Pollution is are caused by pollution. Like
caused by all of us, and we asthma, for example.
should all look after the
environment more.

There are 2 types of sentences: active voice or passive voice.

In an active voice sentence, the subject In a passive voice sentence, the subject
does the action of the verb: receives the action of the verb:

Pollution causes asthma. Asthma is caused by pollution.

Ms. Lewis teaches the students. The students are taught by Ms. Lewis.
A fire destroyed the forest. The forest was destroyed by a fire.
Natalie broke the plates. The plates were broken by Natalie.

Practice

• Are these sentences active or passive voice? Circle the correct option.
Pollution and litter cause climate change. Active/Passive
Human actions destroyed that ecosystem. Active/Passive
I’m surprised by that decision. Active/Passive
The president visited the hospital workers. Active/Passive
This computer was designed in Japan. Active/Passive
Practice

• Then, conjugate the verb correctly. Analyze the sentences carefully. Decide if they’re active or
passive voice, and present or past tense.
1 My dad noticed (notice) the problem with the car yesterday morning.
2 This factory produces (produce) over 2,000 cell phones every day.
3 The first computer was designed (design) many years ago.
4 Each month, more than 10,000 cars were sold (sell) in the USA.
5 Last Saturday’s soccer game was canceled (cancel) because of the extreme weather conditions.
6 The state governor opened (open) the new hospital in 2015.
Compare
+ Share

• Compare your answers with your partner. Do you have the same answers?
If not, talk about them and make any changes if necessary.

Platform One 15
 KEEPING OUR PLANET CLEAN
Warm up

Is there a lot of trash in your local community? Who is responsible

KEEP GOING

for all this litter? Why do people litter? What can you do to stop it?
Reading

• Read this text about an organization that is cleaning up the world’s oceans.

H
ave you ever gone to the beach and noticed all the
litter on the sand or in the ocean? And what have
you done about it? Probably nothing, like most of
us. But Alex Schulze is different to most people. He was
inspired by all the trash in the ocean in his hometown in
Florida, so he decided to do something about it.
In January 2017, Alex and his partner created 4Ocean,
a company that cleans beaches and oceans in and
around Florida and the world. In less than one year,
more than 50,000 kilograms of garbage were removed
from the world’s beaches and oceans by 4Ocean volun-
teers and employees.
They now have 4 full-time captains and boats and more
than 30 full-time employees. Every day, these people re-
move trash from different parts of the world’s oceans,
Practice
• According to the information in the text, circle the correct sentence in each question. Pay attention
to the grammar and meaning of each sentence.
from Canada to the Caribbean, and even as far north as
Norway. With this, millions of fish and other marine wild-
life are saved. The trash (most of
which is plastic) is then taken to
official trash removal facilities
and all recyclable materials are
recycled properly.
The company sells bracelets to
collect money for their cleanup
operations. For each bracelet
that is sold, half a kilo of garbage
is removed from the ocean.
This truly is an environmentally
friendly and socially responsible
company.

1 a) The trash in the ocean
inspired Alex.
2 a) 4Ocean was created
by Alex and his partner.
3 a) Beaches and oceans
clean 4Ocean staff.
4 a) 4 boats bought
4Ocean in 2017.
5 a) 4Ocean staff are saved
by marine wildlife.
6 a) 4Ocean buy bracelets.
b) Alex inspired the trash
in the ocean.
b) Alex and his partner were
created by 4Ocean.
b) 4Ocean staff are cleaned
by beaches and oceans.
b) 4 boats were bought
by 4Ocean in 2017.
b) The 4Ocean staff
save marine li fe.
b) A Bracelets are
bought by 4Ocean.
c) The trash in the ocean
was inspired by. Alex.
c) 4Ocean created Alex
and his partner.
c) The 4Ocean staff clean
beaches and oceans.
c) 4Ocean were bought
by 4 boats in 2017.
c) Marine wildlife save
4Ocean staff.
c) Bracelets are sold by 4Ocean.

Listen
4
• Have you ever wondered how much trash you produce every day? What happens
to it? Is it possible to not produce any garbage? Listen to this Japanese town’s
plans to become completely free of garbage and complete the sentences with the
information you hear.

• In Kamikatso, all garbage is separated into 34 categories.

• The fabric from old clothes is used to make new clothes.
• In kurukuru stores, people reuse other people’s unwanted articles.
• Food waste is used to make compost .
• The town plans to be completely free of garbage by the year 2020 .
Compare
+ Share

• Compare your answers with your partner. Which of these schemes helps the
environment more? Why? Discuss it with your classmates.

16 Platform One
 HELPING THE ENVIRONMENT IN MY TOWN
Warm up

Are we doing enough to protect the environment? Why (not)? How? Who is

KEEP GOING
responsible for this? You and I? The government? Businesses and industry?
Talk
about it
• Which of the environmental issues on page page 14 worries you the most for your
area? Why?
• With your partner, choose one specific environmental problem that is found in your
local area. Together, talk about the answers to these questions:

What are the effects of this Why is this the biggest problem?
problem on the environment,
wildlife, habitats and humans?
What is the biggest problem for
the environment on your area?
Who is responsible for creating
this problem?
Who or what is most affected by
this problem?
How are these people/
organizations responsible for Why does this problem persist?
the problem? Why isn’t it fixed

How can we solve this problem? What can we do to solve this

What is necessary? problem?
Write
about it
• Now, write about this problem below. Try to include most of the points mentioned in
the questions above.
• Include a minimum of 2 examples of passive voice and active voice in your
description.

The most important and urgent environmental issue in my area today is...

Compare
+ share
• Compare your writing with your classmates. Did they choose the same environmental issue as
you? If they did, did they mention the same points as you? Add any extra points to your writing if
you find their information is useful.
• If they chose a different issue, do you agree with them? Why (not)?

Platform One 17
 VOCABULARY

ENERGY IN NATURE
Warm up

Where can we find energy in nature? How do you use energy in your country?
KEEP GOING

Practice

• Put the words from each category under the correct picture

Natural resources
soil / trees / water / minerals

trees minerals soil water

Renewable energy
wind power / geothermal energy / hydropower/ solar energy

solar energy wind power geothermal energy hydropower

Non-renewable energy
coal / oil / natural gas / nuclear energy

nuclear energy coal oil natural gas

Give
More

• Match the definition of these categories to the corresponding term.

Materials found in nature which people use to meet their needs. non-renewable energy

Resources which are in limited supply in the earth. renewable energy

Unlimited sources of energy, which are abundant and free. natural resources

18 Platform One
 LANGUAGE

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Yes of course. The government installed
Hi John. Have you seen those hundreds of them in the valley.
new solar panels that generate

KEEP GOING
Now we have electricity that’s both cheap
electricity?
and environmentally friendly.

I know. It’s great! I don’t know why Well, I suppose it’s because many
more governments don’t use them or times, neither the government nor
other alternative, environmentally the companies care about the
friendly energy sources. environment. They just want the
cheapest option.
We use correlative conjunctions to join two concepts and relate one element to the other.
We always use correlative conjunctions in pairs.
For example:
We use both … and to express both elements together. Solar electricity is both cheap and
environmentally friendly.
We use either … or to express options: one or the other. Energy sources can be either renewable
or non-renewable.
We use neither … nor to talk about two options that don’t apply. Nuclear energy is neither safe
nor environmentally friendly.
We use not only … but also to provide extra, interesting information. Hydropower is not only cheap
but also unlimited.

We can use correlatives with verbs, adjectives, nouns and adverbs, or small phrases. But, both elements of
the conjunctions must be the same type of word (noun … noun; verb … verb, etc.)

Non-renewable energy sources not only damage the environment but also cause respiratory sicknesses
for humans.
Trees both create oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.

Remember: Put the correlative conjunctions before each of the two concepts you want to compare.
Practice

• Read the text and circle the most appropriate answers.

Mexico has a vast variety of ecosystems. It has not only/either/neither jungles but also/or/nor deserts.
In some places like Baja California, for example, you can visit two ecosystems in the same day. You can
either/neither/and go to the beach or/nor/and visit the desert. Thanks to its varied geography, it also has
different climates. On the same day but in different parts of the country, it can be neither/either/also
raining nor/or/and dry. Because of its varied ecosystems, Mexico is starting to make use of these resources
to help the environment. In many states, governments now use renewable energy sources. The most common
types are both/either/neither hydropower and/nor/also solar energy.
Give
More

• Complete these sentences with any of your own information.

1. Mexico is such an amazing and varied country. It has not only but also
2. Nobody likes Kevin, a boy in our class. He neither nor
3. In this place, you can either or , it’s your choice.
4. Max is an exceptional person. He’s both and
5. I don’t want to buy this product. It’s neither nor
6. Luke is my best friend. He both and
Compare
+ share

• Compare your sentences with your classmate. Check that both concepts are the same type
of word and make sense. Make any changes if necessary.

Platform One 19
 Reading skills: skimming a text; inferring meaning and making conclusions

ABEL CRUZ: THE CLOUD CATCHER

Warm up

• Look at the title and the picture. What do you think the text will talk about? What do
you think Abel Cruz has done?
KEEP GOING

Reading
• Share your ideas and predictions with your classmates.
• Read the text to discover more about Abel Cruz and exactly what ‘cloud catching’ is.

M eet Abel Cruz, both an engineer and also a social

activist who grew up in the slums of Lima, Peru,
where his family had neither electricity nor fresh
He discovered that both the geographical and climatic
conditions in the mountains around Lima provided the
perfect scenario for this new technology which can
drinking water. Now, he’s the man behind a huge project ‘catch’ or ‘trap’ more than 15,000 liters of fresh water a
to bring not only fresh drinking water, but also free, to day from the atmosphere in large nets. This has benefi-
the communities in those slums of Lima. ted more than 250 families living in poverty on these
Lima’s water problem mountains.
Lima is a megacity of more than 10 million people, Abel has literally pulled water out of the air for these
between the Pacific Ocean coast and a moutainous families. But exactly how does this system work? Listen
desert region. However the city gets most of its water to the reporter’s description to find out more.
from the local Rimac River. Listen 5
The problem is for the people living in the slums on the
mountains outside the city, where there’s no water
infrastructure. That means there’s no supply system or
network of water pipes. So, the local inhabitants have to
pay water for a water truck which comes from the city
three times a week, which is not only inconvenient but
also expensive.
A water solution
That’s when Abel Cruz started to look for other solutions.
Practice

• With the information from the text, draw a line to match the phrases on the
right to complete each sentence. Be careful! There are 2 extra options.
that has over 10 million inhabitants.
• Abel Cruz is a man… where Lima’s poor families live.
• The Rímac River is a river… where the mountains have 10 million people.
• The mountains are… who used to live in the poor areas of Lima.
• Lima is a city… that gives water to poor families there.
• The large nets in the mountains are an invention… who Abel Cruz invents.
Listen that brings water to Lima.
5
• Now listen to an expert explaining in detail how the process of catching the fog works and
answer the questions.
• Number the steps of the diagram about the process of catching fog.
The water in the net falls down Droplets of water in fog
2 into an open pipe under the net. 1 are trapped in the small holes
1 of the net.
4
2 This pipe connects with pipes from Residents use the water from the
3 other nets. This network of pipes 4 water tanks to wash, cook or water
goes to large water storage tanks. their plants.
3
Give
More
1 Why do you think Abel Cruz is called ‘the cloud catcher’? He catches water from the clouds.
2 How many nets are on the mountains outside Lima? 60.
3 How much water per day does each net trap? Between 200 and 400 liters.
4 In total, how much water do all the nets outside Lima trap per day? Up to 24000 liters.
5 Why do you think the quantity of water trapped per day varies? Explain.

20 Platform One
 Warm up
• Correlative conjunctions are a useful way of describing a thing, person or place
in relation to one or two similar concepts. Think of an item to describe using

KEEP GOING
correlative conjunctions to describe its relationship to other similar items, or its
characteristics.
Talk
about it
• In small groups, take turns to think of any vocabulary item that you’ve learned
in this platform. Try to think of something that the item has in common with
other objects, or its characteristics or uses. Describe your word, using one or
two pairs of correlatives, but don’t mention the word directly.
Your teammates must guess your word.

It’s a useful material for construction.

It’s both transparent and heavy.

You find it in every construction,
in doors but also walls.
It’s glass!

It’s a material. It’s neither metal nor fabric.

It’s common in construction. It’s both

heavy and cheap.

You can find it not only in constructions

but also at the beach.
It’s sand!

Write
about it
• Choose any of the vocabulary items from this platform. Describe the word, in relation
to other concepts. Use a minimum of three pairs of correlative conjunctions in your writing.

You nd
urce
this reso es
lak
in both
rs
and rive
It’s neither
safe nor
cheap
energy
th
It’s bo us
g e r o
dan
d d i rty
an

Compare
+ share

• Check your writing with your partner. Pay attention to the use of correlative
pronouns. Do they describe the relationship between the concepts well?
Make any changes if necessary. Can you add any extra information?

Platform One 21
 LOGICAL THINKING: WHICH POWER STATION?
Reading
• Look at the five images and factsheets for these different power stations from around the world. U
se the information from the sentences to complete all the factsheets.
WRAP UP

Name: Akosombo Name: Svartsengi Name: Theppana

Type of energy generated: Type of energy generated: Type of energy generated:
hydroelectric geothermal wind
Amount of energy generated: Amount of energy generated: Amount of energy generated:
1036 MW 74 MW 7 MW
Location: dam Location: valley Location: hill
Opening date: 1965 Opening date: 1976 Opening date: 2013

The power station that was

built in 1976 is located in a
valley.
The plant that generates the
lowest amount of energy is the
wind farm, with just 7MW.
The solar and wind plants were
Name: Rosamond 1 & 2 Projects Name: Neurah opened in 2013.
Type of energy generated: Type of energy generated: The power station that
solar coal generates most energy uses
Amount of energy generated: Amount of energy generated: coal and is located in a forest.
47 MW 4 400 MW
Location: desert Location: forest The Akosombo power station is
2013 located on a dam and produces
Opening date: Opening date: 1972
hydroelectric energy.
4,400MW is the most energy The oldest power plant was The coal power station was
generated at one of the power opened in 1965. opened in 1972.
plants.
The geothermal power station The solar energy plant
The hydroelectric plant produces was opened 4 years after the generates 47MW.
14 times more energy than the coal station. Theppana wind farm is located
geothermal power station, which
The power station that creates on a hill.
produces 74MW.
most power is the Neurah Rosamond 1 & 2 Projects are
Svartsengi power station doesn’t power station. located in the desert.
produce coal and it’s not located
in a forest.
Compare
+ Share • Compare your answers with your classmates. Who completed all 5 factsheet
in the fastest time?

22 Platform One
 WONDERFUL WORDS: ADVERBS
Warm up
What is an adverb? Think of the parts of the word ‘adverb’ to give you a tip.
What function or use do adverbs have? Share your ideas with your classmates.

Adverbs are words that describe the verb. They give extra meaning to the action.
There are many different types of adverbs:

Adverbs of place to describe where the verb happens:

WRAP UP
here, outside, everywhere, above, under, etc.
The team play the soccer game outside.
Adverbs of time to describe when the verb happens:
yesterday, now, soon, recently, etc.
We saw the new movie yesterday.
Adverbs of frequency to describe how often the verb happens:
never, again, normally, rarely, etc.
Darren is healthy. He never eats junk food.
Adverbs of manner to describe how the verb happens:
slowly, lazily, quietly, quickly, sadly, confidently, etc.
it’s difficult to understand the teacher because she speaks slowly and quietly.
Adverbs of degree to describe the level the verb happens:
almost, almost, simply, enough, so, totally, etc.
The hurricane totally destroyed the small houses in the village.

Practice

Put these adverbs in the correct corresponding columns of the table, based on their context and use.

often usually at the moment happily

tomorrow definitely there lately
completely inside dangerously enough
somewhere calmy loudly over
always nearly today sometimes

place time frequency manner degree

somewhere tomorrow often calmy completely
inside at the moment always dangerously definitely
there there usually loudly nearly
over over sometimes happily enough
And you?
AND YOU

Complete these phrases with an appropriate adverb. Try not to repeat the adverbs you choose.

1 My mom drives

2 This is my sister’s beautiful baby. He cries and he sleeps

3 The fans at the stadium were happy because the players played

4 All the students answered the exam because they understood the topic.

5 I work under pressure. For example, I finish reports at the last minute.

Compare
+ share

Compare your answers with your classmates. Did they choose different adverbs? Check to
make sure that you used your adverbs correctly.

Platform One 23
 SAY IT RIGHT: OO
Listen Many words have the oo combination. It can produce different sounds.
6
• Listen to the pronunciation of these words and compare the different pronunciation:
WRAP UP

book hook wool food spoon boot

cookie wood good balloon shoot choose

Practice

• Now, practice the pronunciation of these words. Ask your classmate

to check your pronunciation.
Give
More
• Make a list of other words you know with oo. Separate them into two groups,
depending on their pronunciation. Use the pictures to help you.

‘book’ ‘boot’

look food
foot classroom
cook bedroom
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers with your classmates. Add any extra words you find.

FIND THE SOUND!

Practice

• Look carefully at the spelling of the words below and think about their pronunciation.
• Practice pronouncing the different pairs of words.
Listen
7
• Listen carefully and circle the words you hear.
1 look lock 5 boot bot
2 pool pull 6 good god
3 book buck 7 look luck
4 shoot shot 8 choose chose

24 Platform One
Platf o r m O n e
Ass e s s m e n t
tools
Contents:
Project with checklist & rubric
Language review
Vocabulary review
Peer assessment
Self assessment

Platform One
 Environmental skills: analyzing environmental problems & proposing practical solutions

PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL FIRST AID

Warm up

Do you know a person or organization that helps the environment?

How? What do they do?
Talk
about it
• With your partner or in small groups, make a list of all the problems there are in
your community that affect the environment. Think about the following factors to
help you:

How we produce, use and protect energy

The materials and resources we use every day

How we pollute the environment

How we use and protect natural resources

What we do with our trash

Practice

• Organize the information you talk about and the problems you discuss into the 2
columns below:

Public, industrial Personal activities

and commercial activities

Think
about it

Practice • Now, choose one of these problems and design a creative, practical and realistic solution for it.
Investigate statistics to illustrate the problem more.
• You can present your information in a poster, fl er, video or other format your teacher gives you.
Compare
+ share

• After, compare all the projects in the group. Which is the most practical project? Which will help
the environment more? Can you do what the project asks? Start saving the environment!

26 Platform One
 CHECKLIST
• Make sure your project includes all the points on the checklist.
1 clear, practical solution for the problem
Min. 2 examples of passive voice in present tense
Min. 2 examples of passive voice in past tense
Min. 2 examples of active voice in present tense
Min. 2 examples of active voice in past tense
Min. 2 real statistics
Min. 3 different pairs of correlative conjunctions

Min. 5 vocabulary items from this platform

Min. 2 images/drawings

RUBRIC
• Pay attention to the aspects in this rubric to see how your teacher will grade your project:

excellent good unsatisfactory

2 points 1.5 points 1 point
creativity and
solution is mainly clear solution is unclear or
practicality to clear, detailed solution,
and detailed; some lacking detail; missing
solution for showing creative, practical
creative, practical and/or creative, practical aspects;
environmen- and realistic aspects
realistic aspects missing unrealistic
tal problem
a clear, organized mostly well-organized
incoherent structure;
structure, structure in whole structure and use of
elements in wrong place or
order & assignment; information information; does not
coherence is easy to follow and well cause confusion for the
the information
illustrated reader
student demonstrates student demonstrates
correct use of target good use of target mistakes in target
language language structures; language structures; a few language; cause confusion
no mistakes in target (minor) mistakes in target for the reader
language language
student uses target very limited or incorrect
student uses a wide variety
use of target vocabulary;
of target vocabulary and
vocabulary more varied use of no new terms used;
demonstrates investigation
vocabulary and/or new incorrect use of key
of new terms
terms needed vocabulary

spelling, almost no spelling or some mistakes in spelling many mistakes in spelling

punctuation & punctuation mistakes; and/or punctuation; good and/or punctuation; poor
presentation excellent presentation presentation presentation

Total /10

Platform One 27
 LANGUAGE REVIEW
• Read the sentences carefully and circle the correct option, depending on the context.

1. Global warming destroys habitats both/either/not only on land or/not only/and at sea
because the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect causes higher temperatures and
more extreme weather. This is dangerous for all types of habitats, either/and/not only
humans nor/but also/and all other types of wildlife: plants and animals, too.
WRAP UP

2. In my opinion, either/neither/not only companies neither/nor/and the government are

doing enough to protect the environment. We all have a responsibility too.
Not only/Neither/and large companies, nor/but also/or individuals should take action to
help our environment, because but also/and/either we protect it, nor/neither/or we will all
suffer in the future.

/10

• Put the words in the correct order to form

sentences and questions.
1. national park / opened / ? / was / when / that
When was that national park opened?
2. natural / global / destroys / habitats / warming
global warming destroys natural habitats
3. bricks / those / made / are / from / recycled plastic
Those bricks are made from recycled plastic
4. many / in / sold / tequila / is / countries
Tequila is sold in many countries
5. your / made / where / ? / shoes / were /
Where were your shoes made?
6. was / in / ? / computer / designed / Gemma’s /Japan
Was Gemma’s computer designed in Japan?
7. killed / those / deforestation / animals / were / by
Those animals were killed by deforestation
8. of / not / leather / bag / my / is / made
My bag is not made of leather
9. with / school / that / built / not / was / iron
That school was not built with iron
10.by / solar / is / generated / energy / the wind / not
Solar energy is not generated by the wind
11.pollution / effect / caused / by / is / the greenhouse
The greenhouse effect is caused by pollution

/10

28 Platform One
 • Change these active voice sentences into passive voice.
1. That company recycled a million plastic bottles last
year.
A million plastic bottles were recycled by that
company last year.
2. Mexico exports tequila and coffee.
Tequila and coffee are exported by Mexico
3. A local construction company built Eddie’s house.
Eddie’s house were built by a local construction company
7. Many multinational companies polluted the water in
that river last year.
The water in that river was polluted
by many multinational companies last year
8. The contamination in the water kills the wildlife.
The wildlife is killed by the contamination in the water
9. Mr Hill’s solar panels didn’t generate a lot of elec-
tricity last month.
A lot of electricity wasn’t generated

4. That house uses plastic bricks.
Plastic bricks were used in that house
5. The greenhouse effect destroyed many vulnerable
habitats last century.
Many vulnerable habitats were destroyed by
the greenhouse effect last century
6. Radioactive contamination doesn’t affect our city.
Our city isn’t affected by radioactive contamination
• Conjugate the verbs in the correct tense (present or past) and voice (active or passive).
WRAP UP
by Mr Hill’s solar panels last month
10. Renewable energy sources don’t create global
warming.
Global warming isn´t created by renewable energy sources
11.Mexico doesn’t generate a lot of geothermal energy.
A lot of geothermal energy isn’t generated by Mexico
/10

1. My bike was stolen (steal) from school yesterday afternoon.

2. This company sold (sell) more than a million tablets last year.

3. This hotel is / was built (build) from recycled materials.

4. That company polluted (pollute) more than 10 million liters of river water
last year.

5. The road was destroyed (destroy) by an earthquake in 2015.

6. Many forms of renewable energy are used (use) in different buildings today.

7. Global warming kills (kill) many vulnerable species of plants and ani-
mals every year.

8. This poem was written (write) by William Shakespeare in 1599.

9. A dangerous dog attacked (attack) my sister-in-law in the park last week

end.

10. English is the most popular language in the world. Every day, it is spoken
(speak) by more than 1.5 billion people.

11. This is a ‘green’ office building. very day, it generates (generate) its electricity
/10
from solar panels and wind turbines on the roof.

My progress Total /40

35-40 Excellent! You’ve learnt everything. You’re ready for platform two!

25-34 Good progress. Study the parts you’re unsure about before you continue.
15-24 Study more. Go back and review the points you didn’t understand.

0-14 Oops! You need to repeat this unit before you continue.

Platform One 29
 VOCABULARY REVIEW

• Unscramble the letters to correctly write the words of the vocabulary from this unit.
You can check the pages from this unit to help you.

Materials Natural habitats

WRAP UP

st a i nl e ss st e e l m o u nt a i n
alum i num se a
i r on v i ll a g e
wo ol c o a st
c e m e nt h i ll
wo o d c i ty
s a nd w o o ds
c a rd d e s e rt
c a rdb o a rd j u ngl e
c o tt o n oce a n
g o ld v a ll e y
l e a th e r r a i nf o r e st
s i lk lake
br i ck w i ldl i f e
pape r t o wn
gl a ss b e a ch
v o lc a n o
r i ve r
f o r e st

The environment

r a d i o a ct i v e
Natural energy
c o nt a m i n a t i o n
cl i m a t e ch a ng e
l i tt e r o i l
n o i s e p o ll u t i o n hydr o p o w e r
r e cycl e n u cl e a r e n e rgy
th e gr e e nh o u s e e e ct w i nd p o w e r
gl o b a l w a rm i ng co al
d e f o r e st a t i o n na tu r al g as
w a t e r p o ll u t i o n so i l
e c o syst e m tr e e s
b i o d e gr a d a bl e g e o th e rm a l e n e rgy
e nd a ng e r e d sp e c i e s w at er
a i r p o ll u t i o n m i n e r a ls
hab i tat s o l a r e n e rgy

30 Platform One
 PEER ASSESSMENT
• Together with your partner, check your grades from the language review, vocabulary review and
evaluation diagnosis to check the most appropriate box about your progress.

I need more almost a piece

practice perfect of cake!

Exchange information about how products are made

Step 1: Language: Passive voice: present
Vocabulary: Materials
Give and ask for information about how resources
are used
Step 2:
Language: Passive voice: past
Vocabulary: Natural habitats
Analyze and describe actions that benefit and harm
the environment
Step 3:
Language: Passive voice vs active voice
Vocabulary: Looking after the environment

Examine the relationship between two or more

elements in a sentence
Step 4:
Language: Correlatives
Vocabulary: Energy in nature

WHAT’S NEXT?
• After analyzing your partner’s language and vocabulary reviews and based on the
grades you gave your partner above, answer these questions to help your partner.

1 What are your partner’s strong points in the topics you learned this period?

2 What are your partner’s weak points in the topics you learned this period?

3 What should your partner do to improve his/her language score?

Platform One 31
 SELF-ASSESSMENT
• Look at the grades and comments your partner gave you in the peer
assessment and your grades from the project, language review and
vocabulary review to answer these questions.

1 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you happy with?

2 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you not happy with?

3 Why? How can you improve? Give concrete actions.

Based on all of this information, what grade would you give yourself this
period?
/10
My grade

32 Platform One
 OUR HISTORY AND CULTURE
Talk t it
abou

• Can you name all the elements in this picture?

• What does this celebrate or represent?
• Where and when can you find this?
• Have you prepared something similar? Explain.

PLATFORM TWO
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS:
Step 1:
Step 2: Express hypothetical options
Confirm hypothetical
Step 3: Explore information changes to past events
Step 4: Analyze hypothetical
Emphasizing changes
almost certain to the past and
information

Platform Two 33
 BRAINSTORM
START UP

What words do you know from these categories?

• Complete the spaces with all the words or terms you know.

Government Money & finance

Travel History

Give
More

• Use the dictionary or internet to help you complete all the spaces in each category.
Compare
+ share
• Compare your answers with your partner. You can add any extra words if necessary.

34 Platform Two
 Social skills: empathy with other people’s opinions

SURVEY: WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF…?

START UP
Warm up

If you could change anything about your life, what would you change?
If you could go anywhere, where would you go? What would you do there?
Talk
about it
• Ask 5 of your classmates these 7 questions below and record the answers.

Classmates
If you could… 1 2 3 4 5

Visit any city for

one day, which
city would you
visit?

Meet any
famous person
alive today,
who would you
meet?

Have any job in

the world, what
job would you
have?

Live anywhere
in the world,
where would
you live?

Meet any
famous person
from history,
who would you
meet?

Use a time
machine, where
and when in
time would you
travel?

Be any famous
person for a day
(alive or dead),
who would you
be?
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers with your classmates. Which answers are the most
common? Which answers surprise you most?

Platform Two 35
 Social skills: discovering diversity & intercultural situations to appreciate my national history
START UP

FROM MEXICO… TO THE WORLD!

Warm up

What aspects of Mexican culture, history and traditions do people from other countries
recognize? What are the most famous aspects of Mexico outside of Mexico?
Talk
about it
• Look at the pictures of these pages. Do you recognize these things? Do you know where they
come from?
Listen
• With your partner, describe everything you know about each item.
8
• Listen to the university class talking about Mexican contributions to the world. Use the
information you hear to complete the description about each topic.

CHOCOLATE VANILLA
Used by Olmecs, Mayans and Aztecs First cultivated by Totonac
Normally prepared in the form of a Indians in East Mexico (Veracruz).
drink .
Also used as a tribute payment to
First European to discover chocolate: Hernan Cortes , Aztecs .
During a dinner meeting with Moctezuma
Cacao seeds were used as a form of payment/money
Hernan Cortes introduced vanilla to Europe.
in Aztec empire. French entrepreneurs transported vanilla fruits
Modern chocolate companies founded to Indian Ocean in 1819 .
in 19th the century. Now popular ingredient in cooking .

COLOR TV POPCORN
Invented by: Guillermo Gonzalez , at the Used in Mexico for thousands of
age of 17 . years.
Built ƒrst color TV in 1934 . Heated the corn kernels on pots on a
Obtained patent in 1942 . fire ..
First transmission in 1946 . Large popcorn making machines invented by
Charles Cretos in the city of Chicago in
This system was used by NASA in 1885.
space missions.

CHEWING GUM CAESAR SALAD

Aztecs used it to stick things Invented by an Italian
together. immigrant chef at this restaurant in
Chicle was taken to New York by Tijuana .
President Santa Anna . Invented on 4th July, 1924
There, inventor Thomas Adams created Chiclets Because Cardhi had little/no ingredients
company in 1899 . in the kitchen after busy day.

36 Platform Two
 START UP
TEQUILA
POINSETTIAS
Olmecs first drank pulque
English name taken from Joel Poinsett, and used fibers from the maguey
the first US ambassador in Mexico.
. plant to make rope, clothes and
Poinsett also took the plant to paper ..
Egypt .. Aztecs introduced pulque to the Spanish.
Aztecs used it as a medicine to help against Spanish used to drink brandy from
fever .. Spain, but changed to pulque when they had
Popular in North America as a decoration no more.
during Christmas time.
. Modern tequila is made in state of Jalisco .

Practice

• Read the texts again and check the corresponding box(es) for each item.

Poinsettias
Chocolate

Chewing
Color TV

Popcorn

Tequila
Vanilla

Caesar
salad
gum
1. This comes from a plant native to Mexico

2. This was used by Aztecs

3. Native Indian groups used this as money

4. Spanish conquerors adapted this

5. This product was taken to other countries by the Spanish

6. The modern version was made famous by an American

7. This is only used at certain times of the year

8. An American made this popular in his country and other countries

9. It is the newest invention of all 8 items

Compare
+ share
• Compare your answers with your partner. Remember, you can check more
than 1 box per question if necessary. Make any changes if necessary.
Give
More
• Look at these pictures. They also show products from Mexico that have become famous across
the world. Investigate the history of one of the items and share it with the group.

Platform Two 37
 VOCABULARY

GOVERNMENT
Warm up

Are you satisfied with your local or national government? Why (not)?
KEEP GOING

What good and bad things does the government do?

Practice

• Put the letters under the image in the correct order to form words related to
government and politics.

Politics

getbud axt intosceel intorocrup

budget tax elections corruption

Public spending areas

insosenp ilipcong thehal iseervcs iclubp startronp

pensions policing health services public transport

intoacedu het star istartunfurerc intomumcy jostercp

education the arts infrastructure community projects

Give
More
In what other areas does the government spend money?

38 Platform Two
 LANGUAGE

2ND CONDITIONAL: UNREAL CONDITIONS

Hi Liam. Have you seen the new
bus route in the city center? It’s Yes, I’ve seen it. But I think it’s

KEEP GOING
nice, isn’t it? a waste of money. If I were the
governor, I wouldn’t spend all
that money on a bus service.
So, what would you do if you
were the governor?
Well, I’d design a metro subway
system. And I’d invest more in
That’s true. I’d also spend more education.
on education if I were in the
government.

We use the 2nd conditional to talk about unreal, TIP!

hypothetical situations that are improbable. In questions,
you change
If I lived in Japan, I would speak Japanese. the order of
would and the
The world would be a better place if we didn’t have money. subject: What
If I won the lottery, I wouldn’t work again. would you do
if you were
I wouldn’t give my students homework if I were a teacher. president?
What would you do if you won the lottery?

To make a conditional sentence, we use two parts: the condition and the effect

We write the condition clause with if + past tense.

We write the effect claus with would + verb.

We can change the order of the sentence: condition + effect or effect + condition
But each part must be conjugated correctly.

If I were governor, I would fight corruption. / I would fight corruption if I were governor.
Practice

• In these sentences, underline the condition clause and circle the effect clause.
1 I wouldn’t spend a lot of money on politicians’ salaries if I were president.
2 If I were governor of my state, I would improve the public transport system.
3 If doctors had a better salary, we wouldn’t have bad health services.
4 If companies didn’t pollute our rivers and lakes, we would have cleaner drinking water.
Practice

• Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb (past tense or would + verb)
1 What would you do if you worked (work) in the government.
2 Sam says that he wouldn’t buy a new house if he won (win) the lottery.
3 If she didn’t arrive to work late every day, Ellie would get (get) a promotion.
4 If you spoke perfect English, you would get (get) a better job.
5 Look at that girl over there! She’s beautiful! If I had (have) her telephone
number, I’d call her immediately.

Platform Two 39
 Reading skills: scanning a text; discovering patterns & language structures

WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

Warm up

Would you like to be governor of your state? Why (not)?

KEEP GOING

If you had the power, what would you change in the politics of your state?
Reading
• Read these 4 people from different parts of the world talk about what they
would do if they were in charge of their country.

Hi, I’m Solomon Yekini, and I’m from Ni-

Hello. My name’s Paco, and I live in
geria. I live in the capital, Abuja. We have
Toluca, near Mexico City. If I were
a lot of problems in our government, es-
president of Mexico, I’d put more
pecially corruption. So, if I were president,
money into policing, because we
I’d establish an anti-corruption committee and I’d
have big crime problems in our country at
put all the corrupt politicians in jail. I’m positive that
the moment. I’d make sure that people felt
if we had an honest government, our country would
safe on the streets of their city.
quickly become a better place for all its citizens.

Hey, I’m Sosa, from Rotterdam, in the
Netherlands. If I had the opportunity
to work in our government, I’d increase
taxes by 10% for all inhabitants. With
this extra money in the national budget, I’d spend
more on community projects and arts programs
for teenagers.
Hi, I’m Aiko, and I live in Nagasa-
ki, in Japan. We have a lot of old,
retired people in our society here
in Japan, so if I worked in the gov-
ernment, I’d increase the spending on pen-
sions and medical centers for the elderly.

Practice

• Check the box(es) of the person/people each sentence describes, according to the information in the texts above.

He/She… Solomon Sosa Paco Aiko

…would create more taxes.
…wouldn’t focus on younger generations.
…would fight crime
…would spend more money on health and services.
…would make the country a safer place.
…would help young people.
Listen
9
• Listen to these two friends talk about what they would do if they won 1 million dollars in the
lottery. Check the box(es) of the sentence that corresponds to what each person would do.

Nicholas Samantha
He/She would buy a new house.
He/She wouldn’t put the money in the bank.
He/She would help some people.
He/She wouldn’t quit their job.
He/She would travel.
And you?
AND YOU
He/She would buy a new car.

According to their plans if they won a million dollars, who are you more similar to: Nicholas or Samantha?

40 Platform Two
 IF I WERE GOVERNOR…
Warm up
Is it easy to be in charge of a state/country?

KEEP GOING
What are the problems in this type of job?
Talk
about it
• What are the biggest problems in your city/state? With your partner, decide on the
5 biggest, most urgent problems and write them on the list below. You can use the
internet or dictionary to help you with some vocabulary-

THE BIGGEST PROBLEMS IN MY STATE

Write
about it
• Now imagine that you are a candidate for governor of your state. If you were
governor, what would you do? What wouldn’t you do? What things could you
change? How could you fix the 5 p oblems you mentioned above?
• Write about what you would do if you were governor:

If I were governor of , I would:

Compare
+ share
Now, share your campaign proposal with your classmates.
Who has the most interesting political campaign? Who would you vote for?

Platform Two 41
 VOCABULARY

MONEY MATTERS
Warm up

Do you prefer to spend or save your money? What do you understand by

KEEP GOING

financially intelligent? Do you consider yourself financially intelligent?

Practice

• Put the words from the box in each category under the corresponding image.

FORMS OF PAYMENT electronic transfer cash credit/debit card smartphone nfc payment

cash credit / debit card smartphone electronic transfer

nfc payment

SHOPPING sale spend a discount a check/receipt

spend a check / receipt sale a discount

PERSONAL FINANCES a bank statement a bank loan bills a budget

a budget a bank statement bills a bank loan

MONEY VERBS borrow save invest affor

borrow afford invest save

Give
More • What other words related to money do you know that aren’t included here? Write them in the box below.

42 Platform Two
 LANGUAGE

2ND CONDITIONAL: COULD/MIGHT

Hey Stacey. I’m having a few I’m sorry to hear that! I know
money problems. I have a lot of

KEEP GOING
how you feel. I could lend you
bills to pay, but I don’t have any some money if I didn’t have to
money. pay my school fees tomorrow.

Don’t worry. If I saved my

money, I might afford all the Well, you could pay with your
bills now. But I’m not a good credit card if you had one.
saver! TIP!
That’s a shame. If you had a In questions,
Oops! I don’t have a credit card bank account, you could ask for you change the
or bank account. a loan. order of could/
might and the
object: What
We can also use could or might in unreal conditional sentences, to express could you do
an option or possibility (might) or an ability (could) in the effect if you won the
lottery?

If I had more money, I could buy that new laptop.

possibility REMEMBER!
/option I might buy a house on the beach if I won the lottery. If + past tense
in the condition
If I didn’t go to school, I couldn’t go to university in the future. clause.
could / might +
I could travel around the world if I were rich. ability verb in effect
clause.

Practice

• Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are 3 extra options.
might spend / couldn’t study / could go / found / could save / spent / didn’t study / might fin

1 If I found a bargain in the electronics store, I might buy a new laptop.

2 I don’t have a job at the moment, but if I had a job, I could save some of my salary to buy
a new cell phone.
3 We couldn’t communicate with people in the USA, Canada or other countries if we
didn´t study English at school.
4 If Mr Sanchez wins the next election, he might spend more of the government’s budget on
transport and education.
5 Stacey could go to university if she were a better student, but she never studies.
you?
AndYOU
AND

• Complete the sentences with your own personal information.

1 If I didn’t study English, I might not
2 If I had more money, I might
3 If I didn’t live in Mexico, I might
4 If I won the lottery, I could
5 If I won the lottery, I might
Compare
6 If I were President of Mexico, I
+Share

• Compare your answers with your classmates. Do you have similar or different ideas in each situation?

Platform Two 43
 Reading skills: making inferences & drawing conclusions; reading for detail

WHAT YOU COULD DO WITH A MILLION DOLLARS

Warm up

What could you do with a million dollars? The possibilities are almost endless.
KEEP GOING

Think of some things you could do with that amount of money… and things you couldn’t do.
Reading
• Read the text about some financial advice and what a million dollars could buy ou.
How to invest your money carefully
Imagine you just won a million dollars! Sounds like a
dream situation, right? You could do a lot of things, buy
a lot of things. But it’s important to be sensible with your
money. Here’s a list of some things that you could buy
with that quantity, plus some financial advice from Dr
Stephen McArthur, a top financial advise .
$1 million could buy you …
$1 million could buy you…
one third of a house in Beverly Hills, California
2 4-bedroom apartments in Cancun
9 3-bedroom houses in Aguascalientes
10,000 nights at the Luxor Hotel, Las Vegas
630 return flights Mexico City-S dney, Australia
3.6 million subway trips in Mexico City
4 Ferrari 2017 488GTB models
2 small 2-seat helicopters
4,080 tickets to watch Manchester United
250 Superbowl tickets
Practice
How to spend your money wisely
1. Choose your friends well
If you suddenly found a lot of money, you could prob-
ably fin a lot of ‘new’ friends too. Be careful of false
friends who could only want some of your new for-
tune.
2. Get some advice
This fin ncial advice could come from friends, family
or even better, a professional.
3. Save some
You never know what tomorrow brings. That’s why it’s
always a good idea to save for a rainy day.
4. Invest some
If you had a large amount of money, you could use
some to start a small business. This will give you a
steady income of money for the rest of your life.
5. Spend some
After all, you should enjoy this new fortune. Just
make sure you spend on what makes you happy.

• Use the information in the text to answer these questions.

1 What’s the cheapest item on the list? A subway trip in Mexico City
2 What’s the most expensive item on the list? A house in Beverlly Hills
3 Could you buy more properties in Cancun or in Beverly Hills? In Cancun
4 How much does 1 night at the Luxor Hotel cost? $100
5 According to Dr. McArthur’s advice, why is it important to be careful of ‘new’ friends?
They could want some of your money
And you?
AND YOU

Which of these items on the list woud you buy?

Which of the 5 points of advice is the most useful, in your opinion?
Listen
10
• Listen to these 4 interviews of people talking about what they would do if they won a million
dollars. Check the correct box(es) from the information you hear.

Arthur Sheila Ryan Anne

1. Who might invest some of their money?
2. Who might save their money?
3. Who might pay their bank loan?
4. Who might travel?
5. Who might buy property?

44 Platform Two
 IF I WON A MILLION DOLLARS
Warm up

If you had the opportunity would you like to be rich? Why (not)?

KEEP GOING
Talk
about it Would you like to be famous? Why (not)?

• With your partner, talk about these questions:

What are the good points of being rich? And being famous?

What are the bad points of being famous?

Are there any bad points of being rich? What are they?

What could you do if you were rich or famous?

What couldn’t you do if you were famous? Why?

Write
about it

• Now, choose one of the situations below:

If you won a million dollars in the lottery

If you became a famous celebrity

If you were a famous sportsperson

• Imagine all the things you could do in these situations, the things you might do and
also some things you couldn’t do. Write a short text below to describe how your life
would be and what you might do.

If I , I could:

Compare
+ share

• Find a classmate who chose the same situation as you. Read his/her description
and compare your answers. Might you do the same things? What things couldn’t he/
she do? Do you agree?

Platform Two 45
 Vocabulary

TRAVEL
Warm up
• Do you often travel? Where do you go to? Do you normally travel
light, or with lots of luggage? What items do you take with you
when you travel?
KEEP GOING

Practice

• Put these travel words in the box under the corresponding image.

pickpocket luggage suitcase insurance

customs cruise ship passenger tour guide
exchange rate sightseeing souvenir route

luggage cruise ship souvenir route

suitcase tour guide pickpocket customs

passenger insurance exchange rate sightseeing

Give
More
• What other words or phrases are important when you travel? Write them in the box here below.

Compare
+Share

• Compare your answers with your partner. Add any useful

words or phrases from your partner’s list.

46 Platform Two
 LANGUAGE

3RD CONDITIONAL

KEEP GOING
Hi, Luke. Why didn’t you come to
the street party yesterday? We I didn’t know there was a street
missed you. party. If I had known, I would
have gone.
It was good fun, but it ‚nished
really late. I’m so tired today. Trat’s true. If I had gone to the
party, I’d feel tired today.
And you had a basketball game
today, didn’t you? Yes. And if I’d arrived tired at the
game, the coach wouldn’t have
So, it’s a good thing that you selected me, and now I’d feel
didn’t go to the party, after all! frustrated. TIP!
The third
We use the third conditional to talk about an impossible condition in the past. conditional
With this condition, we change the result in the past or present: is like a time
machine. We
If I had studied for the exam, I would have passed it and now I would feel better. imagine we go
back in time
and change a
If+had+past participle would(n’t)+have+past participle situation in the
condition in past would(n’t)+verb past.

I would be richer now if I hadn’t spent all my money on that car

.
If I hadn’t spent all my money on that car, I would be richer now.
I wouldn’t have crashed the car if I had driven carefully
.
If I had driven carefully, I wouln’t have crashed the car.
Practice

• Read the sentences carefully and conjugate the verb correctly.

Pay attention to the time marker (present or past) and the conditional or effect clause.

1 If Jackie hadn’t eaten that bad fish last night, she wouldn´t feel (feel, negative) sick today.
2 If the residents hadn’t prepared well for the storm, many people would have died (die).
3 If you had studied primary school in the USA, now you would speak (speak) English perfectly.
4 I would have studied more if I had known (know)
5 If I had asked (ask) my mom for permission to get a tattoo, she would have said ‘no’.
Practice

• For each past condition, give an effect in present and past.

1 If the referee had seen that incident during the game, the team would have… won / lost
If the referee had seen that incident during the game, now the team would, … win / lose / be champions
2 If I had seen the weather forecast this morning, I would have… taken a coat / an umbrella
If I had seen the weather forecast this morning, now I couldn’t… wear these clothes
3 If the doctor had analyzed the medical data more, the patient wouldn’t have… got sick / died
If the doctor had analyzed the medical data more, now… the patient would be OK
would be sick

Platform Two 47
 Social skills: learning about and comparing places in my country and around the world

THE NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

Warm up

What makes a landmark truly remarkable? Why or how do you think a landmark becomes a wonder
KEEP GOING

of the world? Do you remember all of the new wonders of the world? Where are they located?
Reading
• Read the descriptions of 3 of the 7 new wonders of the world and answer the questions below.
1 Colosseum, Rome, Italy
Built from concrete and sand in
72AD and completed 8 years later,
this amphitheatre had a capacity for
between 50,000 and 80,000 specta-
tors, who came to see the glory of
the Roman Empire in a variety of
gladiatorial contests, exotic animal
hunts, executions, acting and even
recreations of sea battles.
Even after 2 millenia, the amphithe-
atre still stands and it would be in its
original glory today if it hadn’t suf-
fered destruction from earthquakes
and stone robbers, causing half of
the walls to disappear and giving it
the distinctive shape we know to-
day.
Practice
2 Taj Mahal, Agra, India
Most people recognize this huge,
majestic structure, but not every-
body knows exactly what it is. It is
actually a mausoleum, which is a
building constructed to protect a
tomb. Construction started in 1632
a team of around 20,000 artisans.
So, who is buried inside this mas-
terpiece? Well, it holds the tomb of
Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess
and favorite wife of emperor Shah
Jahan, who was devastated at her
death. It’s strange to think that if the
emperor hadn’t been so madly in
love with his wife, the world wouldn’t
have this beautiful building today.
3 Chichen Itzá, Yucatán, Mexico
The name Chichen Itzá actually refers
to the ruins of this 9th century Mayan
city in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexi-
co, although most people only recog-
nize the tallest stone pyramid of 30
meters, called El Castillo or the Pyra-
mid of Kukulcán. And what or who is
Kukulcán? It’s the name of the Mayan
feathered god of knowledge and pro-
tector of men, or the same god in Az-
tec culture, called Quetzalcoatl. The
down the pyramid at sunset in March
and September. If the Mayans hadn’t
known so much about astrology, we
wouldn’t see this remarkable phenom-
enon today.

• With information from the text, write the number of the wonder that corresponds to
the correct answer.
3 This wonder is made of stone 1 This wonder was a victim of crime
1 This is the oldest of the 3 wonders 2 The purpose of this wonder is to remember a dead person
Listen 2 This is the most modern wonder 3 You should visit this wonder at speci…c times of year
11
• Listen to the descriptions of the other 4 wonders of the world and complete the texts with the
information you hear.

Christ the Redeemer Macchu Picchu

Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Location: Mountains, Cusco, Peru
Material: stone , 2 430 meters
Construction date:
a bove sea level
1931 Construction date:
30 meters tall 1450
Joint construction between sculptors and engineers Discovered again in 1911
from France , Brazil and Romania

Great Wall of China Petra

Wall length: 21 196 Location: Jordania
km Material: stone
Materials: stones , wood , City established in
soil and bricks . 312 BC, discov-
Construction from ered in 1812
4 th century to Famous for: architecture , water system
17 th century and characteristic rose color
And you?
AND YOU

Which of these 7 wonders would you most like to visit? Why?

48 Platform Two
 IF IT HADN’T HAPPENED…
Warm up

Are you happy with the things you have done in your life? Would you like to

KEEP GOING
Talk
about it
• Look at these situations and imagine how the person feels: sad, happy or neutral.
Now, imagine an alternative to each situation. Try to imagine an alternative for each
emotion (sad, happy, neutral).

Roy sold his car last week

if he hadn’t sold it, he wouldn’t have the money for his new car now.

if he hadn’t sold it, he wouldn’t go to work by bus every day.

if he hadn’t sold it, he would have it today.

Ewan didn’t pass the exam. James crashed his car.

Sophie had a baby girl last week. Terry moved to New York last month.

Vera lost her lottery ticket. Lucy went to the party.

Write
about it

• Look at these 8 situations about people today or think about your own situation. Think about what
the people did in the past to have this result today.
• Now, imagine that some things changed in the past and changed the reality of the present.
• Select one situation and imagine 4 things that happened differently to change the present
situation. Use the example to help you.

Phil is an international commercial pilot. Sally is studying at Harvard University.

Janice is an Olympic gold medal athlete. Paul has his own successful IT company.
Max has four children and a wife. Lily is in jail.
Eugene lives in a mansion in Beverly Hills. Cardine cannot drive now.

If
Phil is a commercial pilot. If
he hadn’t studied math at high
school, he wouldn’t be a pilot
today. If he had been afraid of
planes, he wouldn’t be a pilot
now.

Compare
+ share

• Compare your writing with your classmates. Check your use of past unreal
conditionals and the conjugation of verbs. Did you form the conditional sentences
correctly? Make any changes if necessary.

Platform Two 49
 VOCABULARY

HISTORY
Warm up

What makes a country’s history? What actions or events are important in

KEEP GOING

forming a county’s history?

Practice

• Look at these pictures below. What do you think they represent? Put the words from
the box under the corresponding image.

slavery war agree

a protest/demonstration freedom democracy
a flag attack troops
explore surrender discrimination

explore attack democracy war

slavery surrender agree a protest /

demonstration

a flag discrimination troops freedom

Give
More • How are these words related to history? Talk about these terms and other important
words with your partner. Add extra words that you think are necessary in the box
below.

50 Platform Two
 LANGUAGE

3RD CONDITIONAL
Hey Jessica. Did you see
Joanne yesterday? She needed No, I didn’t. If I had seen her,

KEEP GOING
some help with her physics I would have helped her. We
assignment. could have studied together.
What did she do?
She did it by herself, but she
says it was really bad and she Oh no! I’m sure that if I had
failed. helped her she could have done
a better project and she would REMEMBER
have passed.
But also, if she had paid more The third
attention in class, she would conditional
have done a better project. That’s true. is like a time
machine. We
imagine we go
We use third conditional to talk about an impossible back in time
and change a
This morning, we had a surprise test. We didn’t study for the test. If we had studied, situation in the
we would have been prepared and we could have passed. past.

If had past participle

Impossible condition in past could(n’t) have past participle /alternative possibility in past.

Mr. Wilkins doesn’t have a good job now because he didn’t work hard at school.
He could have gotten a better job if he had studied more at school.
If he had been a better student, he would have found a better job.
Practice

• Read these sentences carefully and conjugate the verb correctly. Pay attention to the conditional
and effect clauses.
1 Ms. Jones had a car crash yesterday. If she had paid (pay)
more attention to the other drivers, she wouldn’t have crashed.
2 Neill arrived late to the interview. He could have gotten the job if he had arrived
(arrive) on time.
3 The soccer game was cancelled because of a snow storm. If there
hadn’t been a snow storm, they wouldn’t have canceled (cancel, negative) the game.
4 Mike met his wife during a vacation trip to Spain.
If he hadn’t gone on that trip, he wouldn’t have met (meet, negative) his wife.
Practice

• With your partner, suggest ways to complete these conditional sentences. Pay attention to the
conjugation of the verbs.
1 Victor spent all his money on an expensive car. If he hadn’t bought that car… he could/would have saved money
2 The soccer players didn’t train a lot before the final game. If they had trained more… they could have won
3 The Mattheson family didn’t reserve a hotel for their vacation. If they had reserved a hotel…
they could/would have found a hotel
4 Rose didn’t come to the party. If she had come… she would have liked it
Compare 5 Last semester, Nancy studied in France. If she had studied in Canada… she could / would have learnt English
+ share

• Share your answers with your classmates. Check the verbs are conjugated correctly. Do you have
similar or different effects?

Platform Two 51
 Reading skills: making comparisons & conclusions from implicit information

AN ALTERNATIVE HISTORY OF AMERICA

Warm up

Can you think of any important events in world history? In any case,
KEEP GOING

H ave you ever wondered what would have happened

if Culumbus hadn’t discovered America in 1492?
What would have happened to the Aztecs and Incas?
We asked two historians that question.
Dr Hugh Bennet, historian
What would have happened if Culumbus hadn’t
discovered America? Well, to start with, the continent
probably wouldn’t have been called America. That’s
because shortly after Culumbus’ voyage, the Italian
explorer Amerigo Vespucci proposed the concept that
those lands were part of a separate, new continent.
Most probably, if Culumbus hadn’t discovered America,
another European sailor would have discovered it
within the next 50 years. However, if the British had
discovered modern Mexico, the colonization process
might have been very different. They might not have
conquered Tenochtitlan so quickly and they might not
have imposed their religion on the natives. All Mexicans
Practice
might have learnt English instead of Spanish!
Dr Greg Cole, anthropologist
If Culumbus hadn’t arrived in America, Chinese explorers
might have arrived from the east after him. But what’s
more likely is that another European explorer would
have arrived in the sixteenth century.
Hernan Cortes conquered and destroyed the Aztec
empire in an astonishingly short period, and Francisco
Pizarro did the same with the Incas in Peru. They were
both lucky in many respects: they both played a little
dirty and tricked the local rulers who had accepted them
into their empires.
Also, the Europeans brought sicknesses with them,
which killed large proportions of the native population.
If the natives hadn’t died so quickly because of
European sicknesses, they could have easily killed the
smaller European armies and they might have ‘shared’
the continent between Europeans and native Indians.

•
information. For some answers, you might check both boxes.
Dr Hugh Bennet Dr Greg Cole
1. The continent would have a different name today
2. The nationality of the conquerors affects the colonization process
3. Different conquerors would have colonized the area differently
4. Sicknesses helped the conquerors to win
5. Other European explorers would have discovered America
6. The conquerors conquered the native Indians very fast
Listen
12
• Listen to these three students asking their opinion of the same question:
what would have happened if Columbus hadn’t discovered America.
• Check the box to identify whose opinion each sentence represents.
You might have to check more than 1 box.

Cathy Lewis Amber

1 Another European explorer would have discovered the continent.
2 Nothing would have changed.
3 A native Indian group would have controlled all the continent.
4 English couldn’t have become the world’s most spoken language.
5 The Spanish wouldn’t have been so rich.
And you?
AND YOU

Who do you agree with most? Cathy, Lewis, Amber, Dr. Cole or Dr. Bennet?
Why? Share your arguments with your classmates.

52 Platform Two
 ALTERNATIVE HISTORY
Warm up
• Can you think of some examples of how historical events affect the present? Could
you imagine how things could change if these events had happened differently?

KEEP GOING
Talk
about it
• With your partner look at these historic events that have shaped Mexico. Could
you imagine an alternative reality if these events had not happened? Select some
of these situations and change the result of the event. What would have happened
differently? Remember to use full sentences and conjugate the verbs correctly.

Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés discovered Mexico.

Hernán Cortés defeated the Aztecs and takes control of the Aztec Empire.
Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement.
Santa Anna sold the northern area of Mexico to the USA.
The Mexican army defeated the French at the Battle of Puebla.
Porfirio Díaz was president for more than 30 years.
Presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio was assassinated in 1994.
Vicente Fox became President of Mexico in 2000.

If Cortés and the Spanish hadn’t discovered Mexico,

the British would have conquered it.

If someone hadn’t assassinated Colosio, he would have been

President and he would have −xed corruption.

Write
about it
• Now, take one of the alternative historical moments from the events above and
develop it more. Write about a minimum of 4 alternative events that would have
happened if things had happened differently, and their effects. Be careful with the
verb conjugations and use conditionals.

Mexico’s alternative history

If

Compare
+ share

• Check your writing with your classmates. Did you write about the same historical events? Did you
have the same alternative effects? Make any changes to your verb tenses if necessary.

Platform Two 53
 COMPETITION

WHERE IN MEXICO?
Warm up

What areas of Mexico provide us with the most history and culture?
Where have the most significant events in Mexico’s history taken place?
WRAP UP

And you?
AND YOU
•
events in the history of Mexico.
• Do you know where these places are? Do you know what happened in each place? Do you know
when it happened?
• Using the dates and places below, try to complete the orange boxes in the map.

July 10, 1519 April 10, 1919 La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, Veracruz
August 13, 1521 July 20, 1923 Puebla, Puebla
September 16, 1810 October 2, 1968 Parral, Chihuahua
May 5, 1892 September 19, 1985 Tlatelolco, Mexico City
November 20, 1910 January 1, 1994 Piedras Negras, Coahuila
Tenochtitlán
Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato
Mexico City
Chinameca, Morelos
Place: Parral, Chihuahua
Lacandon Jungle, Chiapas
Pancho Villa,
Event:
assassinated
Date: July 20, 1923
Place: Piedras Negras,
Coahuila
Event: Francisco I. Madero declares
start of Mexican Revolution
Date: November 20, 1910

Place: Puebla, Puebla

Event: Battle of Puebla

Place: Dolores Hidalgo,
Guanajuato Date: May 5, 1892
Event: Cry of Independence

Date: September 16, 1810 Place: La Villa Rica de la

Vera Cruz, Veracruz
Event: First spanish town
founded in Mexico
Place: Tenochtitlán Date: by Hernán Cortés
July 10, 1519
Event: Cortés conquers Place: Tlatelolco, Mexico City
Tenochtitlán Place: Mexico City
Date: August 13, 1521 Event: Massacre of students
Event: earthquake
Date: October 2, 1968
Date: September 19, 1985

Place: Chinameca, Morelos

Place: Lacandon Jungle, Chiapas
Event: Emiliano Zapata killed
Event: EZLN declaration /Start
Presentation Date: April 10, 1919
Date: January 1, 1994

•
Give
More • Do you agree with these 10 events to represent Mexico’s history? What would you change?
• What other events could you add? Share your ideas with your classmates and add the facts to the
map. Investigate any information if necessary.

54 Platform Two
 SAY IT RIGHT: -E
There are many words in English with a silent –e at the end of the word
Do you know why? Think of some words with silent –e at the end.

WRAP UP
Listen
13 • Look at these pairs of words and listen to the pronunciation to understand how the
–e at the end of a word changes its pronunciation.
Practice • Now, practice
hat hate Tim time
pronouncing
cap cape hop hope the pairs of
pet Pete rod rode words. Ask
let delete dud dude your classmate
bit bite rud rude to check your
Practice pronunciation.
• In your own words, describe why the –e exists at the end of the word
and how it changes the sound.

Give
More
• What other words do you know with –e? Separate them, according to the previous
vowel. Use the pictures to help you.

a…e e…e i…e o…e u…e

wake up Pete bike rose glue
make Steve nike close blue
made delete line hotel true
late complete fiv wrote cute
Compare
+ share hate concrete bite pole tube
• Compare your answers with your classmates. Add any extra words
you find. Check the p onunciation: be careful with exceptions!

FIND THE SOUND!

Practice

• Look carefully at the spelling of the words below and think about their
pronunciation. Practice pronouncing the different pairs of words.
Listen
14
• Listen carefully and circle the words you hear.

1 tap tape 5 mill mile

2 fin fine 6 cut cute
3 poll pole 7 pet Pete
4 scar scare 8 pop Pope

Platform Two 55
 WONDERFUL WORDS: INTENSIFIERS
Warm up
What phrases or sentences can you think of with really, very, extremely or quite?
What is the use of these words in those sentences?
We use adverbs to describe verbs, but they also describe adjective and adverbs.
Here, they work as intensifiers. They add extra meaning to the adjective.

We use these intensifiers to make the adjective stronger:

very extremely really incredibly
WRAP UP

totally absolutely exceptionally remarkably

My cousin Liam is exceptionally tall. He is more than 2.1m tall.

That film wasn’t bad. It was absolutely terrible. We all hated it.

We use these intensifiers to add a small, intermediate level to the adjective:

quite pretty fairly
The food at that restaurant is fairly good. It’s not bad, but it’s also not the best in the town.
Mark got 7 in his final project. That grade is quite good.

We use enough to specify a certain, of the adjective. Be careful! We use

enough after the adjective it describes:
I’m old enough to rent a car.
I’m a size 5 shoe. These shoes are size 3. They’re not big enough for me.
Practice
Put the words in the correct order to form sentences. Pay attention to the location and
use of the intensifiers.
1. painting / absolutely / that / is / amazing
That painting is absolutely amazing
2. new / series / interesting / this / is / exceptionally
This new series is exceptionally interesting
3. dangerous / sickness / a / this / fairly / is
This is a fairly dangerous sickness
4. intelligent / pretty / a / Bobby / is / student
Bobby is a pretty intelligent student
5. weather / Africa / the / in / exceptionally / is / hot
The weather in Africa is exceptionally hot
6. enough / to / Keith / old / alcohol / is / buy
Keith is old enough to buy alcohol
7. birds / quite / this / those / common / in / are / area
Those birds are quite common in this area
8. quality / good / projects / the / these / of / is / not / enough
The quality of these projects is not good enough

And you?
AND YOU
Complete the sentences with an appropriate adjective. Be creative and try not to repeat the adjectives you use.

1. For me, chemistry is a really subject. I love it.

2. I’m sorry. You’re not enough to do this activity.
3. Everybody was extremely when they heard the news from the school principal.
4. I’m fairly about my decision.
5. I’m not sure what computer to buy. I think this option is enough for what I need.
6. Cancun is a remarkably
7. I don’t if I want to buy that phone, because it’s pretty
8. I can’t eat this food. It’s incredibly

56 Platform Two
Platf o r m T w o
Ass e s s m e n t
tools
Contents:
Project with checklist & rubric
Language review
Vocabulary review
Peer assessment
Self assessment
 Technological skills: researching for information to link with present events & share with others

PROJECT

OUR MOST SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT

Warm up

Think about all the important national historical events in your country’s
history. Some are more significant than others. Which ones? What makes an
event historically significant?
Talk
about it
•
Investigate
affected the history and present of Mexico.
• Use the internet or history textbooks to help you investigate all the necessary
information about the event.

Name of event:

Place:

Start date:

Finish date:

People involved/roles:

Effect on Mexico today:

Why is it important:

Compare
+ share

• Compare your project with your classmates. Did they choose the same historical event as you? If
they did, did they include all the same information as you? Could you add any extra points to your
project? Do you disagree with any of their information? Discuss it with your classmates.

58 Platform Three
 CHECKLIST
• Make sure your project includes all the points on the checklist.
Min. 1 verb in 2nd conditional with could/might
Min. 2 verb in passive voice
Min 1 unreal past conditional with would
Min. 1 unreal past conditional with would have
Where the event happened
Who was involved in the event
Reason why it is important today
How the event is remembered today
Min. 3 vocabulary items from the platform
Min. 1 image

RUBRIC
• Pay attention to the aspects in this rubric to see how your teacher will grade your project:
excellent good unsatisfactory
2 points 1.5 points 1 point
examples, facts and incomplete or missing
argument: argument contains full
arguments are mostly facts, argument and
information, examples and facts; shows
clear; investigation examples; more
facts, complete investigation;
almost complete; most of investigation needed;
examples & historical tsignificance is
historical significance is historical significance
justifications clear
clear unclear or missing
a clear, organized mostly well-organized
incoherent structure;
structure, structure in whole structure and use of
elements in wrong place or
order & assignment; information information; does not
coherence is easy to follow and cause confusion for the
the information
coherent reader
student demonstrates student demonstrates
correct use of target good use of target mistakes in target
language language structures; language structures; a few language; cause confusion
no mistakes in target (minor) mistakes in target for the reader
language language
student uses target very limited or incorrect
student uses a wide variety
use of target vocabulary;
of target vocabulary and
vocabulary more varied use of no new terms used;
demonstrates investigation
vocabulary and/or new incorrect use of key
of new terms
terms needed vocabulary

spelling, almost no spelling or some mistakes in spelling many mistakes in spelling

punctuation & punctuation mistakes; and/or punctuation; good and/or punctuation; poor
presentation excellent presentation presentation presentation

Total /10

Platform Three 59
 LANGUAGE REVIEW
• Read the sentences carefully and circle the correct option. Be careful! Some sentences are in conditional or past perfect.

1. If we hadn’t taken a taxi, we late.

(a) had arrived (b) would have arrived (c) would arrive (d) arrived
2. The earthquake destroyed the house we the year before.
(a) had built (b) would built (c) would have built (d) built
3. Fiona would have passed the exam if she .
(a) had studied (b) would have studied (c) would study (d) studying
WRAP UP

4. My brother ate all the cake that my mom

(a) would have made (b) had made (c) would made (d) makes
5. We that game last weekend if the coach had decided on a different selection.
(a) had won (b) would win (d) would have won (d) hadn’t won
6. If I hadn’t played in that game, I my leg.
(a) would break (b) wouldn’t have broken (c) had broken (d) broke
7. The children the fruit that had fallen from the tree.
(a) had collected (b) would collect (c) collecting (d) collected
8. Today, we
(a) would be (b) would have were (c) had been (d) were
9. Yesterday I the book that I had ordered online a week before.
(a) had received (b) would have receive (c) would receive (d) received
10. If I more in class, I would understand this topic now.
(a) would listened (b) didn’t listened (d) had listened (d) listened
11. I my calculator in the math exam because I had given it to my brother for his
homework.
(a) hadn’t used (b) use (c) would used (d) didn’t use /10

• Circle the correct option to complete these conditional sentences.

1. If I were in your position, I... worried. 8. What ... you buy if you won the lottery?
(a) would feel (b) felt (c) feel (d) no (a) did (b) do (c) would (d) are

2. We wouldn’t have a lot of crime problems if we ... 9. If I saw Cristiano Ronaldo in the street, I ... him for
an autograph.
(a) have (b) had (c) don’t have (d) would have (a) asked (b) ask (c) asks (d) would ask

3. I... to school if I had a car. 10. If Joe were taller, he... a professional basketball
(a) could drive (b) drove (c) drive (d) couldn’t player.
drove. (a) was (b) is (c) were (d) could be

4. If I were the teacher, I ... the students homework. 11. Would you build more schools if you... president?
(a) gave (b) give (c) would go (d) wouldn’t give (a) was (b) were (c) could be (d) would be

5. I would call the police if I... an alien.

/10
(a) see (b) would saw (c) would see (d) saw

6. What would you do if you ... governor of your state?

(a) was (b) were (c) would are (d) would be
7. If I ... near my school, I could walk every day.
(a) would live (b) don’t live (c) lived (d) live

60 Platform Two
 • Put the verb in the correct tense to complete each conditional sentence.

1. If I had studied (study) more in high school, I would have entered university.
2. I wouldn’t have met my girlfriend if I had gone (go) to that party.
3. If I had studied medicine, I would be (be) a doctor now.
4. If you had visited (visit) Los Angeles on your trip to the USA last year, you would have seen

WRAP UP
Hollywood.
5. If I had slept early last night, I wouldn’t feel (feel, negative) tired today.
6. Ben wouldn’t have crashed (crash, negative) if he had seen the other car.
7. If you had asked (ask) me for help, I would have helped you.
8. If I had seen your text message, I would have answered (answer) in that moment.
9. We would have won the game yesterday if Gerry had played (play).
10.If I had studied primary school in Toronto, I would speak (speak) perfect English today.
11.I wouldn’t have woken up late if I had heard (hear) my alarm.

/10

• Put the words in the correct order to form sentences and questions.

1. if / you / you / ? / be happy / were famous / would 7. studied / be / could / an / she / Louise / if / excellent
student
Would you be happy if you were famous? Louise could be an excellent student if she studied / If Louise studied she
could be an excellent student
2. I / I / more money / if / travel / had / would
8. eat / he / didn’t / if / Brian / would / junk food /
If I had more money I would travel / I would travel if I had more money
be healthier
3. if / I / him / could / my cell phone / had battery / call If Brian didn’t eat junk food he would be healthier / Brian would be
If my cell phone had battery I could call him / I could call him if my healthier if he didn’t eat junk food
cell phone had battery 9.
4. wouldn’t / saw her / if / I / speak / I / to her Where would you fly if you were a bird? / If you were a bird where
If I saw her I wouldn’t speak to her / I wouldn’t speak to her if I saw her would you fly?
10. would / a house / the lottery / Colin / he / buy / if /
5. if / I / would / I / be / an engineer / math / liked not / won
I would be an engineer if I liked math / If I liked math I would be an engineer Colin would not buy a house if he won the lottery / If Colin won the
lottery he would not buy a house
6. every day / at the beach / Sandra / she / if / swim / 11. Canada / ? / if / you / you / in / what / do / lived /
lived / would would
Sandra would swim every day if she lived at the beach / If Sandra lived at What would you do if you lived in Canada? / If you lived in Canada
the beach she would swim every day what would you do
/10

My progress Total /40

38-45 Excellent! You’ve learnt everything. You’re ready for platform two!

24-37 Good progress. Study the parts you’re unsure about before you continue.

16-23 Study more. Go back and review the points you didn’t understand.

0-15 Oops! You need to repeat this unit before you continue.

Platform Two 61
 VOCABULARY REVIEW
• Unscramble the letters to correctly write the words of the vocabulary from this unit.
You can check the pages from this unit to help you.

Money Matters
Government & Politics kanb nalo bank loan
WRAP UP

het star the arts dricte drac credit card

pintorrocu corruption ekcch check
ebdtug budget ororwb borrow
intoacude education leas sale
snopisen pensions silbl bills
astartufrerunc infrastructure bited darc debit card
uclipb norstpart public transport thepramson meytanp smartphone payment
axt tax tirepec receipt
clipoing policing afford
thalhe crisvees health services depns spend
intommycu jestcrop community projects triecclone festnarr electronic transfer
steelnoci elections shac cash
kban teamsnett bank statement
betgud budget
veas save
ontucsid discount
vinest invest

History
Travel
sireuc pish cruise ship reage agree
mostsuc customs catkat attack
geenchax tear exchange rate creamcoyd democracy
sirecunan insurance sintormendoat demonstration
gegugal luggage sainidircmonti discrimination
sersapgen passenger rolepex explore
tickpeckpo pickpocket galf flag
etoru route doremef freedom
tishesigneg sightseeing storpet protest
risenovu souvenir ralyves slavery
sitecaus suitcase drureerns surrender
rotu digeu tour guide storpo troops
raw war

62 Platform Two
 PEER ASSESSMENT
• Together with your partner, check your grades from the language review, vocabulary review and
evaluation diagnosis to check the most appropriate box about your progress.

I need more almost a piece

practice perfect of cake!

Step 1: Language: 2nd conditional (would)

Vocabulary: Government
Express hypothetical options
Step 2: Language: 2nd conditional (could/might)
Vocabulary: Money matters
Explore hypothetical changes to past events
Step 3: Language: 3rd conditional
Vocabulary: Travel
Analyze hypothetical changes to the past and its effects on the present
Step 4: Language: 3rd conditional
Vocabulary: History

WHAT’S NEXT?
• After analyzing your partner’s language and vocabulary reviews and based on the
grades you gave your partner above, answer these questions to help your partner.

1 What are your partner’s strong points in the topics you learned this period?

2 What are your partner’s weak points in the topics you learned this period?

3 What should your partner do to improve his/her language score?

Platform Two 63
 SELF-ASSESSMENT
• Look at the grades and comments your partner gave you in the peer
assessment and your grades from the project, language review and
vocabulary review to answer these questions.

1 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you happy with?

2 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you not happy with?

3 Why? How can you improve? Give concrete actions.

Based on all of this information, what grade would you give yourself this
period?
/10
My grade

64 Platform Two
 OUR SOCIETY
Talk t it
abou

• Where are the people in the picture?

• What are they doing? Why are they doing this?
• How do you think they feel?
• Have you done this before?

PLATFORM THREE
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS:

Step 1: Mention general, unspecified elements in a sentence

Step 2:
Step 3: Confirm information
Step 4: Emphasize almost certain information

Platform Three 65
 BRAINSTORM
START UP

What words do you know from these categories?

Complete the spaces with all the words or terms you know.

Media & advertising Transport the arts

Movie & TV genres Types of music

Give
More

• Use the dictionary or internet to help you complete all the spaces in each category.
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers with your partner. You can add any extra words if necessary.

66 Platform Three
 START UP
SURVEY: WHAT DO I KNOW ABOUT MY COUNTRY’S HISTORY?
Warm up

Do you like history? Why (not)?

Why is it important to learn about your country’s history?
And you?
AND YOU

• How much do you know about the history of your country? Answer these questions
without using the internet to help you!

1 There are 7 new wonders of the world. 1 of these is in Mexico. Yucatan

What state is it in?

2 Lake Texcoco
What is the name of the lake under Mexico City and where the
ancient city of Tenochtitlan was founded?

3 One famous element of native Indian art were giant head Olmecs
statues made of stone. What is the name of the Indian
civilization that made these giant heads?
Miguel Hidalgo / Benito Juárez /
4 Named after a famous national historical figure, what is the Emiliano Zapata
most common street name in Mexico?

5 What is the name of the famous Mexican music born in Jalisco Mariachi
that uses more than 10 musicians and singers, traditional dress
and instruments such as violin, trumpet, guitar and others.

6 In what year did Hernán Cortés defeat Cuauhtemoc and take 1521

7 Hernán Cortés discovered this delicious, famous food as a drink

when he met Moctezuma. He took it back to the Spanish King chocolate
where the nobility drank it as a luxury for the next 100 years
before the rest of the world discovered it. What is the food?

8 In what state of Mexico can you find the ancient ruins of Mexico state
Teotihuacan?

9 Name 5 of the states in USA that were lost by Mexico when California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona,
President Santa Anna sold them to the USA in the Treaty of New Mexico, Texas, Colorado
Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.

10
The word Mexico comes from which native Indian language, to Nahuatl
describe the people from the Mexica-Tenochtitlan area?

And you?
AND YOU

• How many answers did you get correct? Are you proud or disappointed with your
result? What new things did you learn about your country and your history?

Compare
+ share Who knows the most about your history in your group? Who knows the least?
Are there any questions or answers you don’t agree with? Why?
What other questions would you include to check general knowledge of Mexico’s history?

Platform Three 67
 CRAZY COMMUTES
START UP

Warm up

How do you travel to school/work? Do you know anybody who has a strange
or unusual method of transport to get to and from home and school or work?

• Look at the pictures below. Where do you think they are?

COMMUTE
The regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work.

5 4

Sisters Radhika and Yashoda, aged 14 and 16, live
in a remote village in the Himalayan mountains of
India. Their journey to school takes them between
two and three hours, depending on the weather.
And then in the evening, they have to do the same
journey all over again. They walk for most of the
journey, down the mountain, through forests and
They must stand in a small metal trolley suspended
above the river and pull themselves across. It’s
a heavy and dangerous task, especially when it’s
raining and the rope is wet. After they cross the
river, they wait for a taxi to take them to school.
Are you afraid of heights? What would you prefer:
a 20-minute bus ride or a 5-minute cable car ride?
The residents of a small town in the mountainous
region of Chiatura, in the west of Georgia, choose
to take a cable car across the valley every day to
and from the town below. The only problem is that
these old cable cars haven’t been changed at all
since they were installed by the Soviet Union in
1954. That’s right: travelling to work suspended
across an open valley in a 70-year old iron box.
Would you try it?

Meet Benjamin David. He has also found an

of his city, in Munich, Germany. He doesn’t take to

the roads, he doesn’t use a vehicle and he doesn’t

either. So, how does he travel the 2km to work

every day? Benjamin uses the city’s River Isar as his
transportation, which crosses through the city and
brings water directly from the Alps mountains. So,
Benjamin swims down it every morning. He gets
to work faster than walking or even taking his car,

and laptop in a special waterproof bag, which also

7
at him, but more and more of his friends are also
joining in with him.

68 Platform Three
 START UP
6 2

If you live in a busy city, you know there are rush hour
For example, on Monday morning at 8 o’clock, the
time, and the roads are empty. Well, in the new
capital of Myanmar, which the government built
and opened in November 2005, the huge, 20-lane
them on the peculiarly empty streets. This city has
become an international curiosity for its peculiar
emptiness and silence.
These people don’t just commute between two
neighboring cities each day. They commute
between two different countries. That’s right; every
day, more than 90,000 cross the border between
Tijuana and San Diego. And 70,000 of these are
number of vehicles, some people can wait up to 5
hours to pass through the customs process at the
border. There’s even a Facebook page, ‘Cómo Está
La Línea Tijuana’, to help desperate drivers manage
the crossing every day.

1 3

In one of the most crowded cities and in some of

Curt
von Badinski. He also has a journey of around 6
hours per day. But his commute covers more than
of Sao Paulo have found another way to beat the
600 km, because he commutes from one city to
another, from Monday thru Friday. Curt lives in
helicopters for private use in the skies above the
Los Angeles, but his company is located in San
city. That’s more than in New York or Tokyo. So
Francisco. So, every day he takes his car for 15
now, there’s also a high demand for the city’s 820
helicopter pilots, who can earn $100,000 a year
90 minutes to San Francisco, then drives another
for their services. Together, they make more than
San
Francisco. He rents a small private jet with another
8 people, which costs $2,700 per person per month.
you have the money, of course!
Again, this transport isn’t accessible to everyone.
Listen
15
• Listen to the interviews of these people describing their commute. Which commute are they
describing? Write the number of the interview in the corresponding circle of each text.
Compare
+ share • What do you think of each of these people and situations? Could you do what they do every day?
Which of these commutes is the most interesting? Why? Share your ideas and opinions with your
classmates.

Platform Three 69
 VOCABULARY

LANDMARKS
Warm up

What famous tourist attractions does your town/city have? What other famous landmarks
KEEP GOING

are there in your state/country? What’s your favorite national landmark/monument? Why?
Practice

• Unscramble the letters under each image to describe the type of landmark.

requas wrote utates gridbe

square tower statue bridge
Monument name: Monument name: Monument name: Monument name:

Location: Location: Location: Location:

antofinu rakp stalce mardipy

fountain park castle pyramid
Monument name: Monument name: Monument name: Monument name:

Location: Location: Location: Location:

sarpyckres sumemu cruhhc / lethacrad kolcc

skycraper museum church cathedral clock
Monument name: Monument name: Monument name: Monument name:

Location: Location: Location: Location:

And you?
AND YOU

• Do you know the name and location of these famous landmarks? Write them in the spaces under
each image. Then, investigate any other information you don’t know.
Give
More • Think of or investigate another famous landmark of each of the twelve types above and share
them with your partner. Try to give as much information as possible (location, name, etc.) Do you
have the same landmarks as your partner?

70 Platform Three
 LANGUAGE

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Of course! It depends on what you
Luke, I’m bored. Could you want to do. There’s something for
recommend me something to do? everyone in this town.

I would like to see something
artistic. Is there anywhere that
displays traditional art?
That sounds good. I’ll go after class.
But I don’t have anyone to go with.
Do you want to go with me?
KEEP GOING
Well, you could go to the market.
Everyone loves it there. There are
so many beautiful paintings and
handicrafts! I’m sure you’ll find
something interesting there.
Of course! I’ll see you at 2:30

We can join the words some-, any-, no-, every-, with –body/-one, -where, -thing to form indefinite pronouns.

The endings –body/-one refer to people: -Everybody loves chocolate!

-Somebody help me, plese!

The ending –where refers to a place -There’s pollution everywhere in this city.
-I have nowhere to park my car.
-I need something from the supermarket.
The ending –thing refers to objects/things/concepts -Everything I have is in my bedroom.
We use no- to express negatives:
-Nobody is in the classroom. It’s totally empty. (no people)
-I have nothing in my bank account. (no things)

We use every- to express all elements:

-Every (all places) REMEMBER!
-Everyone in the classroom is talking. (all people) We use any to
avoid double
We use some- to express an unspecified amount: negatives:
-Someone called me last night, I don’t know who (some, unspecified person) I don’t have
-There’s something wrong with my computer (some, unspecified concept) nothing
anything
We use any with a negative or to refer to whichever element.
-I don’t know anything in this class. (no thing, after negative)
-Is there anyone at home? (any person, whichever person).
Practice
•
1 I want a good place to go for dinner with my girlfriend tonight. Can you recommend me some where ?
2 Every one / body who visits New York goes to see the Statue of Liberty.
3 The lyrics of the song mention some thing about peace.
4 Any one / body with a camera can practice photography.
Practice 5 I don’t know any one / body who likes classical music. Every one / body who I know prefers more
modern music.
•
1 Norma is a bad influence. She has problems with 3 Jim is an amazing friend. If I need
everyone / in school and everything she does anything/ something , he will always help me.
everybody causes problems.
4 I love this city! everywhere I go, I see
/ anywhere
2 I’m so sorry, but there’s nothing another amazing sight. Plus, the people are so friendly.
I can do to help you. I’m so bad at history, everyone / everybody I spoke to helped me and recommended
I don’t know anything about it. somewhere to go or something to see.
Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers to your classmates. Do you have different answers?

Which answer makes more sense? Make any corrections if necessary.

Platform Three 71
 Reading skills: discovering patterns in language structures

JOKES IN ENGLISH
Warm up

Do you know any common phrases or sayings with indefinite pronouns in

KEEP GOING

English?
Reading
• Read these jokes in English and try to complete the spaces with an appropriate
pronoun. Think about the meaning of both parts of the joke and what makes it
funny.

1 If an apple a day keeps the doctor away, what does garlic do?
It keeps every one/body away!

2 What time is it when you find a scorpion sleeping in your bed?

It’s time to sleep some where else!

3 What did one eye say to the other eye?

“Between you and me, some thing smells!”

4 Why does a surgeon wear a mask?

So if any thing goes wrong, no one / boby can identify him.

5 What do you call a gorilla who can’t hear?

Any thing you like —he can’t hear you, remember!

6 Why don’t skeletons go to parties?

Because they have no body to go with!

7 What do you call a man who was born in Paris, went to school in Mexico
City, worked in London and died some where else?
Give
More xxx Dead!

• With your partner, explain why these jokes are funny or what makes them funny.
Listen
16 • Listen to the people describe a landmark in their city. Draw a line to link the
landmark to each person. Be careful! There are two extra options you won’t use!

park
1 Mason statue
2 Harper fountain
3 Amelia skyscraper
4 Ethan pyramid
5 Elijah museum
6 Scarlett bridge
clock

Compare
+ share

• Compare your answers with your partner. Do you have the same answers?
What words or phrases helped you make your decision?

72 Platform Three
 LANDMARKS IN MY TOWN
Talk
about it
• With your partner, talk about these points about places, things or events in your town/city

KEEP GOING
A place where A place no one
everybody goes goes on Sunday

Something everyone Somewhere everybody

does at the weekend recognizes

A food that everyone loves An area nobody goes at night

Compare
+ share
• Share your answers with your classmates. Do you have the same answers? Who knows more
about your town/city?

Write
about it • Now, choose a famous landmark in your town or state that everyone recognizes.
Describe it. Talk about what it is made of, when it was made and what people do there.
•

A LANDMARK IN MY TOWN/STATE

is a famous landmark that everyone recognizes.

Compare
+ share

• Compare your writing with your classmates. Did you choose the same landmark?

• Also read the descriptions of other landmarks. Which landmark is the most recognizable in your area?

Platform Three 73
 Vocabulary

ARTISTIC EXPRESSIONS
Warm up
KEEP GOING

Do you appreciate art? What types of art do you prefer? Why? Is art an important
element of society and identity? Why? How is art linked to society and identity?
Practice

• Put the words from the box under the image they represent.

a sculpture/statue photography
handicrafts fashion
music theater/acting
a painting literature
ballet lyrics architecture

ballet architecture graffiti fashion

music photography handicrafts theater/acting

literature lyrics a painting a sculpture / statue

And you?
AND YOU

What other types of art and artistic elements do you know?

What forms of art do you like?

74 Platform Three
 LANGUAGE

AS… AS
Hi Elizabeth. What subject are Well, I wanted Theater, but
you taking for art this year? there are no more spaces. It’s

KEEP GOING
the most popular option.
Well, I’m in painting class. You could try it.
It’s not as popular as Theater, but I enjoy it. That’s a good idea. And it’s

Well, I think all the subjects
That’s true!
I suppose. And with painting, I don’t
have to act in front of audience.
So in that aspect, painting isn’t as
frightening as Theater.

We use as…as to indicate 2 people, objects or animals are equal.

We can also use it in negative to indicate they aren’t equal.
TIP!
With as…as, Bella. Age: 2 years / Height: 34 cm / Weight: 3.1 kg
the adjective Max. Age: 2 years / Height: 98 cm / Weight: 11.4 kg
doesn’t change
With as…as, Bella is as old as Max.
the adjective Max is as cute as Bella.
doesn’t change
Bella isn’t as tall as Max (Max is taller than Bella)
Max is not as light as Bella. (Bella is lighter than Max).

Practice
• Look at the pictures and information to complete each sentence.
You can use as… as in positive or negative.

1. 15 Oak Avenue is not as big as (big) 17 Oak Avenue.

2. 15 Oak Avenue is not as old as (old) 17 Oak Avenue.

3. 17 Oak Avenue is not as new as (new) 15 Oak Avenue.

4. 15 Oak Avenue is not as expensive as (expensive) 17 Oak

Avenue.
6. The garden at 17 Oak Avenue is not as big as (big) the garden at 15
Oak Avenue.
Practice
• Read the sentences and analyze the information carefully. Then, complete the sentences using
as… as in positive or negative and an appropriate adjective to transmit the same information in
both sentences.
1. Max is taller than Stacy Stacy is not as tall as Max.
2. Soccer is more popular than volleyball Volleyball is not as popular as soccer.
3. For me, math is more boring than physics For me, math is not as interesting as physics.
4. Sophie and Liam are 22 years old - Liam is as old as Sophie.
5. In my opinion, acting
is not as difficult as ballet.
6. Steve is the best basketball player in the school The other players are not as good as
Steve.
Compare
+ share

Check your answers with your classmates. Do you have the same
answers? Do they transmit the same information as the first sentence?
Platform Three 75
 Reading & Listening

INTERVIEW WITH AN ARTIST

Warm up

What types of artistic expressions do you like? Which do you practice? What
Reading
equipment do you use?
KEEP GOING

Reading
• Read the interview of an arts fan talking about her activities.

Interviewer: Hello, Jason. So, you really like the arts, don’t you? Can you tell us a
little about the types of art you practice.
Jason: Of course. Well, I love music and I play the guitar and piano. I also
write lyrics to some love songs.
Interviewer
Jason:
instrument. And not all musical instruments are the same. For
example, I learnt the guitar when I was only seven years old in about

more than 3 years to really master the piano.

Interviewer: And, apart from music, do you enjoy any other types of art? The
plastic arts, for example?
Jason: I love fashion and sculptures. Sculptures aren’t as popular as fashion
and clothes, and they’re not as exciting as fashion, but I think they’re

Interviewer: And what do you do with your works of art?

Jason: Well, I sell most of them. The money’s always useful to buy more
material. The sculptures are normally the most expensive items.
Depending on the size, I can sell them for up to $400.
Interviewer Thank you very much for sharing your experiences with us, Jason.
Jason: Thank you for your interest in my work.

Practice
• Read the interview again and check the Listen
17 • Listen to these people talking about their
corresponding box depending on Jason’s experience with different art forms. Pay
experience and point of view. attention to the information they transmit and
check the corresponding box.
T F
1 T F
2 1
the guitar. than paintings.
3 Sculptures are more popular than fashion. 2 -
4 Fashion is more exciting than sculptures. crafts.
5 Paintings aren’t as expensive as sculptures. 3 Sally thinks that sculptures are the most

4 David thinks that ballet is easier than

Compare
+ share sculptures.
• What do you think about Sally and David’s 5
opinions? Do you agree with them? painting.

76 Platform Three
 Writing & Speaking

AS COLD AS ICE
Warm up

What famous phrase or sayings do you know in English

KEEP GOING
There are many common phrases in English with as…as:

As green as grass As cold as ice

As hard as nails As brave as a lion

As quick as a ’ash As white as a ghost

Write
about it
• Using your knowledge, invent some clear and creative ways to
complete these as… as comparisons

As tall as
As intelligent as
As strong as
As hardworking as
As soft as
As funny as
As plangerous as
As heavy as
As lazy as
As quiet as
As boring as
As happy as
As rich as
Compare
+ share
• Compare your answers with your classmates. Who has the clearest and most
creative answer for each sentence?

• Compare yourself or your house with your classmates, using silences with as… as.
• Think of other groups of people or objects you could compare.
• Practice your comparisons with your partner.

Give
More
My house isn’t as modern as your house.
My brother is as old as your sister.
Daniel is as tall as Maria.
For me, English
• Choose 2 or more cities,
monuments, countries, sports,
famous people, etc.
• Make some more as…as
comparative sentences to
describe them. Be imaginative
and look for new adjectives to
use!

Platform Three 77
 VOCABULARY

THE DAILY COMMUTE

Warm up
TIP!
How do you travel to school every day? How long is your commute: 15 minutes? 30 A commute is
KEEP GOING

Practice minutes? What time is the rush hour in the morning and evening? From 7 to 9 a.m.? the daily journey
from your house
• Put the words from each category in the correct space in the images. to work/school.
It’s also a verb:
commute to
work every day.
road sign exit lane motorcyclist passenger A commuter is
the person who
Driving commutes.

road sign
passenger
exit lane
motorcyclists
Rush hour Carpooling

Road conditions

sidewalk
diversion/detour
road works
construction equipment
pothole
construction roadworks diversion sidewalk pothole traffic cone
equipment detour
Riding the bus

bus fare
bus lane
street lights
bus driver
passenger

passenger bus driver bus fare bus lane street lights

On my own two feet

bike lane
pedestrians

cyclist
pedestrian crossing
road markings

traffic light pedestrian pedestrians road markings bike lane cyclist

crossing
Give
More
What other things can you see in each picture?
Which of these pictures is most similar to commuting in your town/city? Why?

78 Platform Three
 LANGUAGE

TAG QUESTIONS: BE/CAN

Hi Liam, I have a question for you.
You’re a student, aren’t you?
Yes, of course. What do you need?

No, nothing like that. I need some
advice about university. You’re hap-
py at university, aren’t you?
Yes, she was. I just wanted more
opinions, that’s all. Thanks for your
help!
KEEP GOING
Let me guess: you’re in problems as
usual, aren’t you?
Yes, I am. I love it and I fully
recommend it. But why are you
asking me for advice? Your older
sister was a student, too, wasn’t she?

We use tag questions at the end of a sentence, when we are almost certain
of the answer, and we want con rmation or emphasis.

In these cases, I’m almost In these cases, I’m almost

certain the answer is yes: certain the answer is no:
You’re a student, aren’t you? Mr. Simpson is not Mexican, is he?
Lucy was crying in history class, wasn’t she? You weren’t at the party last Saturday, were you?
You can swim, can’t you? Simon can’t speak Spanish, can he?

To form a tag question, we use the corresponding auxiliary verb

(in the correct tense) and the corresponding pronoun.
Negative sentences:
Subject: he (Paco) Subject: it
Paco’s Mexican, isn’t he? It’s not is it?
Auxiliary: is + negative. Auxiliary: is
Subject: it (that) Subject: it (the movie)
That was a mistake, wasn’t it? The movie wasn’t scary, was it?
Auxiliary: was + negative Auxiliary: was
Subject: you Subject: she (Ana)
You can understand this, can’t you? Ana can’t dance, can she?
Auxiliary: can + negative Auxiliary: can

Practice • Choose the correct option from the box to complete these sentences.
Be careful! There is one extra option.
can’t he / wasn’t it / can he / was it / is he / isn’t it / isn’t he / wasn’t he

1 The soccer game last night was exciting, wasn’t it ? BE CAREFUL!!

2 Your boyfriend’s in my literature class, isn’t he ? If the sentence

is ,
3 Mark can play the piano, can’t he ? the tag
was it question is
4 Your phone wasn’t made in China, ? negative. If the
5 Your teacher can’t understand me, can he ? sentence is
negative, the
6 Pete isn’t your boyfriend, is he ? tag question is
7 isn’t it ? positive.
Practice
• Invent phrases to complete these tag questions. Be careful to use the correct verb
and pay attention to positive or negative.
1 , isn’t she? 3 , were they?
Compare
2 , can’t he? 4 , is he?
+ Share

• Compare and check your answers with your partner. Is the grammar correct?
Who has the funniest and most creative answers?

Platform Three 79
 Reading skills: finding details and key vocabulary for information

A TRAFFIC LOVE STORY

Warm up
KEEP GOING

Reading
• Read this story about some good news that came from a surprising place.

car owners of this huge metropolis who pour onto

the city’s crowded roads every day.
From Monday to Friday, she spends more than

horrible, doesn’t it? But for Fabiana, it’s a way of life.

As she explains it, you have two options: accept the
gridlock, listen to the radio and enjoy the time in
your car, or … go crazy! She chooses to listen to the

D
There’s another reason that Fabiana has a special

and frustrating experience, can’t it? Well,

brought her an unexpected gift.
Like many people in Sao Paulo, the largest city in
Brazil and all of South America with more than 21
million inhabitants, Fabiana suffers every day in the
another driver, Mauricio. He was also looking at her.
The next thing, they exchanged telephone numbers
and went out together, and after a short time … they
got married!
Now, they have two small children who also

Practice

• Read the text again and use the information to answer these questions.

1. How many people are there in Sao Paulo? More than 21 million

2. How many cars are there in Sao Paulo? 6 million

3. More than 20 hours

4. Why does Fabiana listen to the radio in her car? To find tips to avoid the traffic

5. Who is Mauricio? Fabiana’s husband

Listen
18
• Listen to these people talking about how they get to and from work every day. With
a line, match the transportation method to each person. Be careful! There is one
extra option you won’t use.

1 Mary carpooling
2 William train
3 Barbara bus
car
4 Ken walking
5 Steve cycling

80 Platform Three
 GETTING AROUND IN MY TOWN
Warm up

Does your town/city have a good public transport network?

KEEP GOING
Do you use it? Why (not)?
Talk
about it
• With your partner or in small teams, discuss public transport in your town/city. Use
these questions to help you.
• Use the points you discussed in your team to complete the factsheet about our
town’s public transport.

Is the public transport network

Public transport in
Is the cost acceptable, in relation
to the service provided?
Most common form
How many routes are available? of public transport:
Are there any areas where more routes are needed?
Describe the conditions
Fare per ride:
of the public transport vehicles. Benefits:
Is the public transport system
in your area environmentally friendly?
Do you feel safe on public transport in your city? Disadvantages:
When is the rush hour in your city?
ve the service:
Recommendations to impro
Are the public transport drivers friendly?
Do they drive safely?
What should the government do to improve
your city’s public transport service?

Write
about it
• Now write about your daily commute to and from work or school.
• Try to include answers from all or most of the questions below in your description.
How do you travel? How many hours per day do you spend commuting?
Do you travel during the rush hour? Why do you take this form of transport?
Do you change your method of travel? What do you do during the commute? (read, etc.)
What time do you leave/arrive? How much does your commute cost you? Per day? Per week?

My daily commute
Every day, I

Compare
+ share

• Read your classmates’ descriptions of their commutes. Who has the longest or

Platform Three 81
 VOCABULARY

MEDIA & ADVERTISING

Warm up In your daily life, how much advertising do you encounter?
Where do you receive most contact with advertising? Which type of advertising creates
KEEP GOING

the biggest impact on you? Why do you think this is the case?
Practice

• Put the words from the box below under the correct image.

banner product placement logo

brochure TV commercial coupon
poster flyers/leaflet slogan
billboard sponsor classified ads

product placement coupon classified ad TV commercial

flyer / leaflet sponsor banner poster

slogan billboard brochure logo

Give
More
Which of these advertising methods are most common in your daily life?
Try to think of a product or company that uses each of these methods.

82 Platform Three
 LANGUAGE

TAG QUESTIONS: SIMPLE TENSES

Hey, Stacey. You use Of course I do. Why,
the internet, don’t you? you don’t have a

KEEP GOING
problem, do you?
No, but I’m thinking of opening
a website for my company. Yes, I did. The REMEMBER!
You sold some things on the internet’s a great
internet, didn’t you? way to sell your If the sentence
product. is ,
You should do it! the tag
I will. And you’ll visit my new question is
website, won’t you? negative. If the
Of course I will! sentence is
negative, the
tag question is
use the corresponding auxiliary verb to confirm or emphasize a sentence. positive.

In present tense, we use do/
does as the auxiliary verb:
Mr. White teaches English,
doesn’t he?
You use social networks,
don’t you?
The principal doesn’t teach
any classes, does he?
We don’t have math
class today, do we?
Practice
In past tense, we use did as In future tense, we use will
the auxiliary verb: as the auxiliary verb
You finished the You’ll come to my party
homework, didn’t you? at the weekend, won’t you?
Frank lost his phone on The final exam will be
the bus yesterday, didn’t he? tomorrow, won’t it?
The teacher didn’t give us You won’t tell Jim
homework today, did he? my secret, will you?
You didn’t come to school My parents won’t see
yesterday, did you? this post, will they?

• Complete these sentences with the correct corresponding tag question. Be careful! There are 2 extra options:

won’t we will we did you didn’t he won’t you

doesn’t he don’t you didn’t you do you will you

1 We won’t have a final exam in this class, 5 We’ll have a geography exam next Wednesday,
will we ? won’t we ?
2 You spoke to Mr. Lewis about the problems in 6 Mr. Samuels works in the bank, doesn’t he ?
our class, didn´t you ?
7 You drive, don´t you ?
3 You don’t study philosophy, do you ?
8 You’ll watch the soccer game at my house
4 Your brother borrowed my jacket, didn’t he ? tonight, won´t you ?
And you?
AND YOU

• Invent phrases to complete these tag questions. Be careful to use the correct verb, pronoun and pay
attention to positive or negative.
1 , don’t you?
4 , won’t she?
2 , did you?
5 , do they?
Compare
+ share
3 , didn’t he?
• Compare and check your answers with your partner. Is the grammar correct?
Who has the funniest and most creative answers?

Platform Three 83
 Reading skills:

Warm up
WHICH ADVERTISING METHOD FOR YOUR COMPANY?

Reading
How do you think companies decide which method of advertising to use?
KEEP GOING

What elements do they consider when they select a type of advertising?

•
Practice

• Using the information from the text, check the box that corresponds to each sentence.
Which advertising method for your
company?
We’re bombarded by advertising,
company logos and campaigns ev-
erywhere nowadays, aren’t we? So,
with so many advertising options
available, how can you decide which
is the best type of advertising cam-
paign for your company or product?
Well, here are a few tips to help you.
TV advertising and sponsorship
This is generally the most expensive
format, by a long way. TV has an ex-
tensive reach, and is normally used
by large companies with massive
advertising budgets. It can take the
form of a commercial in the middle
of your favorite TV show, sponsor-
ing a soccer team or something
more subtle like product placement
during a movie.
Outdoor and transit
Billboards, banners or posters in the
street or at bus stops, for example
are all great ways to target your
customer by location. This is a me-
dium-priced option and can create
high visual impact in a local area.
Print media
Normally the cheapest option, this
takes many formats, all with their
- reach millions of people all across
ably expensive and you should only
give it to existing or interested cus-
tomers. Flyers are great for a specif-
ic location, for example in the area
surrounding your store. You could
also include a coupon, which is
even more effective. The cheapest
-
cal newspaper, where you can give
more detailed information, but you
don’t reach a lot of people.
Online
You didn’t forget the internet, did
you? This can be a very cost-effec-
tive method to attract new custom-
ers. A good, well-designed website
or web banner on social media can
the world, and you can even target
to make it visually attractive!

Classified Product
Billboard/ placement/
Brochure Website ad Flyers posters TV
1 This is a good option if you only
want advertising in your town.
2 This is good if you have a very
small budget.
3 A famous, international
company normally uses this option.
4 This is specifically for customers
you already have.
5 A cheap option for people who
live very near your store.
6 An inexpensive option for

countries.
Listen
19
• Listen to these four business owners talking about their hopes and needs for an advertising campaign.
• Select the best option from the box for each person. Be careful! There’s one extra option you won’t need.

sponsorship / •yer / billboards / brochure / web banner

1 Mr Parks 2 Jenna Roberts 3 Miss Samuels 4 Nick Moore

flyer billboard brochure web banner
Give
More
• From what you have learned on this page, talk about what makes an effective advertising campaign.

84 Platform Three
 ADVERTISING IN MY SOCIETY
And you?
AND YOU

• Of the 4 different types of advertising methods on the previous page, think about an

KEEP GOING
example of each type in your town or daily life.
Write
about it
• For each example you choose, complete the table below with details of the exact
advertising campaign you chose in each case, in your local area.

Why did
company
Product Describe Is it
Advertising method name chose this
advert How/Why?
speci”c
method?

TV, sponsorship
& product placement

Outdoor + transit - billboards,

banners, posters, bus stops, etc.

Print media – Œyers, brochures,

coupons, classi”ed ads, etc.

Online – website, web banners

Compare
+ share
• Compare your table to your classmates. Did you choose the same products for each
advertising method? If so, check their answers for that product and add any extra
information to your answers if you don’t have it.
• If the products they chose are different, do you agree with their choice? Why (not)?
Talk
about it
• With your partner, discuss the answers to these questions about advertising. If you

tag question at the end of your sentence.

What are the negative Do you think there is too

aspects of advertising?
Should there be
advertisement-free zones?
Should the government ban
any types of advertising? For
example, for tobacco, alcohol or
advertising aimed at children?
Do you agree with political
or government advertising? Why
(not)?
much advertising in
the modern world? Why?
Who is most advertising
aimed at? Why is this?
What is the most memorable
ad you have seen?
What is the most advertised
product or type of product
in your country?
Why do you think this is?

Platform Three 85
 COMPETITION

MY SOCIETY BOARD GAME

Talk
about it
• With a small piece of paper, draw or design your playing piece for the game.
• In teams, using a dice (or a dice app on your cell phone), play the game answering the questions.
WRAP UP

Make sure your questions have full answers, paying attention to the correct vocabulary and verb
tenses.

If you could
What is the most invest in 1
dangerous form of infrastructure
transport in your project in your
If you opinion? Why? In your
could Žy, state, what
opinion, what would you
where would is the most build?
Start you Žy to?
Do you prefer
to save or advertising
CARPOOLING.
The environment
Name 5 spend money? method? thanks you! Move
advertising Explain on 4 spaces.
campaigns
around your
How do you town today. Do you think
RUSH HOUR! the government
think we will What is your You’re stuck in a
use money in favorite TV should build
50 years’ time? commercial at more parking
Is a bank loan a Miss a turn. lots in your
the moment?
good or a bad Explain city? Why (not)?
thing? How?
Take a loan. You
invest the extra What is your Is corruption a
money well. Take favorite form of problem in your
another turn. payment? Why country/state?
and how often do Give examples
What do you you use it?
think of the
public transport
network in your
ne oje mm t in uld

Per kilometer
town?
wh ig ct un 1

traveled, what is the

pr co ves co

do ould ood ur
at hbo for ity
w rh yo
? y ,

most expressive form

in you

ou

of transport?
If

How could the

government
improve Is there
health too much Do you think
services in How could advertising we pay too
your state? you Łx around many taxes in
today? Mexico? Why?
problems in Explain
your town/ OOPS!
city? You lost your
credit card. Miss
a turn while
you wait for a
What’s the most replacement.
unusual form
Finish CAR PROBLEMS.
of transport
you have ever
You have to walk used?
to work. Go back 3
spaces.

Compare
+ share

• Which of your classmates’ answers surprised you the most? Do you agree with
them? If not, explain your idea, and explain your different opinions.

86 Platform Three
 WONDERFUL WORDS: CONJUNCTIONS
We use conjunctions to link phrases or ideas together. A different conjunction
links the two ideas together in a different way.

WRAP UP
a consequence extra information
I’m hungry, so I’ll buy some cakes and sandwiches.

I’m hungry but I don’t want a sandwich or cake.

contradictory information an option

Look at the tips below to learn when we use each type of conjunction.

and – adding extra, complementary information

but – presenting contradictory or unexpected information
so – presenting a consequence or result
or – presenting options

There are many synonyms for each conjunction, depending on the situation.

Practice
• Analyze the use of the conjunctions in the sentences below. Then put them in the corresponding
space in the box, depending on their use. Do they link extra information, a consequence or
contradictory information?

M r Fitzgerald was arrested for driving under that the driver was texting on his cellphone at the
Moreover, he has time of the collision, therefore he did not notice
previous convictions for speeding, plus dangerous the imminent danger on the road ahead. Also, the
driving. As a result, he will be sentenced to three driver was intoxicated.
years in jail. The Southside United soccer team suffered
Mrs Geoffries is a strict manager with her em- a humiliating 5-1 loss in last night’s cup game.
ployees. However, they all respect her despite this In addition, their star player suffered a pulled leg
authoritarian attitude. muscle even though he wasn’t tackled by any oth-
The government passed the controversial tax er player: he simply fell to the ground in pain. Nev-
reform law last night. Consequently, thousands ertheless, the club manager told the press that he
of people are protesting outside the government is hopeful the team can win their next few games,
building, yet the government minister says that in spite of the recent disappointing results.
they will not change their decision.
The car accident occurred during dangerous unexpected/contradictory
weather conditions, although that wasn’t the rea- information
son for the accident. Police investigations show but
despite
yet
extra/complementary result/consequence
information however
so
and although
as a result
moreover even though
consequently
plus
therefore nevertheless
also
in spite of
in addition

Platform Three 87
 SAY IT RIGHT: I…E/ -IGH
We combine –igh to create the same sound as i…e
The –igh sound is often combined with –t at the end: -ight.
WRAP UP

Listen
20
• Listen to the pronunciation of these words. You’ll notice that the i…e and
igh sound are exactly the same

bite like high frightened

pipe pile tight highlight

i…e -igh
Practice

• Now, practice the pronunciation of these words. Ask your classmate to check your
Give pronunciation.
More

• Make a list of the other words you know with -igh. Use the pictures
and the internet to help you.

light right flight night

Compare
bright fight might frightening
+ share

FIND THE SOUND!

Practice
• Look carefully at these pairs of words below and think about their pronunciation.
Practice pronouncing the different pairs of words.

Listen • Listen carefully and circle the words you hear.

21

1 pills piles 5 lit light

2 sit sight 6 nits nights
3 bit bite 7 fit fight
4 mitt might 8 slit slight

88 Platform Three
 r m T h r e e
Platfo e n t
Ass e s s m
tools
Contents:
Project with checklist & rubric
Language review
Vocabulary review
Peer assessment
Self assessment
 Social skills: developing creativity to design a campaign and compare ideas with others

PROJECT

MY ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN
Warm up

Brainstorm

• Invent a fun, imaginative product and design a creative advertising campaign to sell it!!

Step 1 Invent a product

Step 2 Name your product

Step 3 Describe the product

Step 4 Give the product a

creative, catchy slogan

& Step 5 Design the advert and

describe the product’s
benefits and functions

Step 6 Illustrate it: make it

attractive

Nature Health
for health&for nature
Compare
+ share

• Compare your product

and advertisement to your
classmates.
Who has the funniest and most
imaginative advertisement?

90 Platform Two
 CHECKLIST
• Make sure your project includes all the points on the checklist.
Min. 1 question to the consumer, using a conditional with would?
Min. 1 tag question
A slogan
The name of your product
An image/drawing of your product
The use of your product
Min. 1 sentence in passive voice
Min. 1 sentence with as…as
Min. 2 preference verbs with the next verb in -ing form
Min. 4 vocabulary items from this platform

RUBRIC
• Pay attention to the aspects in this rubric to see how your teacher will grade your project:

excellent good unsatisfactory

2 points 1.5 points 1 point
creative
creativity and imaginations
advertising whole campaign, product most of the campaign,
missing in most of the
campaign, and slogan show creativity product and slogan show
campaign, product and
product and and imagination creativity and imagination
slogan
slogan

a clear, organized mostly well-organized

incoherent structure;
structure, structure in whole structure and use of
elements in wrong place or
order & assignment; information information; does not
coherence is easy to follow and well cause confusion for the
the information
illustrated reader

student demonstrates student demonstrates

correct use of target good use of target mistakes in target
language language structures; language structures; a few language; cause confusion
no mistakes in target (minor) mistakes in target for the reader
language language

student uses target very limited or incorrect

student uses a wide variety
use of target vocabulary;
of target vocabulary and
vocabulary more varied use of no new terms used;
demonstrates investigation
vocabulary and/or new incorrect use of key
of new terms
terms needed vocabulary

spelling, almost no spelling or some mistakes in spelling many mistakes in spelling

punctuation & punctuation mistakes; and/or punctuation; good and/or punctuation; poor
presentation excellent presentation x presentation presentation

Total /10

Platform Two 91
 LANGUAGE REVIEW

• Circle the correct option to complete these tag questions. Pay special attention
to the verb conjugation and the subject used.
1. Chris can speak to the teacher,...
(a) can he? (b) can’t he? (c) he can? (d) he can’t?
2. Sheila’s your girlfriend now,...
WRAP UP

(a) is she? (b) isn’t she? (c) she’s not? (d) she is?
3. Your brother doesn’t play volleyball,...
(a) does he? (b) doesn’t he? (c) isn’t he? (d) is he?
4. Samuel will buy the book for literature class,...
(a) does he? (b) he won’t? (c) won’t he? (d) will he?
5. Matt’s not angry,...
(a) does he? (b) doesn’t he? (c) is he? (d) isn’t he?
6. The class started at 9:15,...
(a) he started? (b) doesn’t it? (c) it didn’t? (d) didn’t it?
7. Your baby nephew can’t swim,...
(a) does he? (b) doesn’t he? (c) can he? (d) he can’t?
8. Ms Hanks won’t give us an exam tomorrow,...
(a) won’t she? (b) she does? (c) will she? (d) does she?
9. You didn’t tell Neil our secret,...
(a) did he? (b) did you? (c) he didn’t? (d) didn’t he?
10.
(a) does it? (b) doesn’t it? (c) do you? (d) don’t it?
11. Joe didn’t buy that horrible shirt,...
(a) did he? (b) did you? (c) he didn’t? (d) didn’t he?
/10

• Write the correct tag question and the corresponding subject to complete each
sentence. Be careful with the tense and conjugation of the verb.
1. You know the answer to this question, don’t you ?
2. Your mom doesn’t like that new TV commercial, does she ?
3. Will and Sasha aren’t boyfriend and girlfriend, are they ?
4. Anne bought her phone online, didn’t she ?
5. We can go to the movies tomorrow, can’t we ?
6. You don’t think he’s funny, do you ?
7. Your boyfriend will take you to the party, won’t he ?
8. Those girls aren’t your friends, are they ?
9. John’s on the soccer team, isn’t he ?
10. Vicky didn’t go the party last night, did she ?
11. Bob can’t speak Chinese, can he ?
/10

92 Platform Three
 • Complete these sentences with the correct .

1. Would you like something to eat?

2. Is there anyone/anybody in that house on the corner of your street?

WRAP UP
3. I don’t like small villages because I feel bored. There’s nothing to do in a village. I prefer
interesting cities.
4. Last night, we lost all electricity in our area. It was very dark and I couldn’t see anything .
5. I’m so hungry, because I haven’t eaten anything for more than twelve hours.
6. Daniella’s new in this school. She doesn’t know anyone/anybody in this class.
7. Does anyone/anybody have a pencil, please? I forgot my pencil case.
8. The soccer practice was cancelled yesterday because no one/nobody went. It was raining
really hard.
9. anywhere in
this town in 15 minutes or less.
10.I’ve looked everywhere anywhere . It’s lost!
/10

• Use the words from the box to complete these sentences to transmit the same information as the

shorter than as short as taller than fatter than thinner than as fat as
as tall as taller than shorter than fatter than as thin as
1. Barry is taller than Victoria.
Victoria is shorter than Barry. 3. Fred is fatter than George.
George isn’t fatter than Fred.
Victoria isn’t as tall as Barry.
as short as George is thinner than Fred.
Barry isn’t Victoria.
George isn’t as fat as Fred.
2. Gary isn’t as tall as Neill.
Neill is taller than Gary.
Gary isn’t taller than Neill. 4. Jane is thinner than Fiona.
Gary is shorter than Neill. Fiona isn’t as thin as Jane.
Jane isn’t fatter than Fiona.

/10

Platform Three 93
 VOCABULARY REVIEW

• Add the vowels to complete the vocabulary items from this block.

Commuting Media & Advertising

WRAP UP

i e a e
b_k_l_n_ pe
_ d _e s t r _i a_ n ba _nne _r
u
b_s pe
_ d _e s t r _i a_ n c r _
o s s _i n g b i_ l l b o_ _a r d
u dr_v_r
b_s i e ro _a _dwo _rks bro _ c h _u r _e
u f_r_
b_s a e ro _a _ d m _a r k _i n g s c l a_ s s _i f _i e
_d _ ad
cycl_st
i c o_ u
_p_ on
r o_ a_ d s _i g n
d_t_
e ou_r f l y e_r
s _i d e_ w _a l k
le__ afl_ et
i e i o_n
d_v_rs_ str_ ee_ t l _i g h t s
lo_g_ o
e_x_t
i l_n_
i e tra _ f f _i c c o_ n e_ po _ s t e_ r
oo i
m_t_rcycl_st t r a_ f f _i c l _i g h t pro _d_ u c t p l _a c e_ m e_ n t
pa_sse _nge _r otho
p_ _ l e_ slo _ g _a n
spo _ n s o_ r
TV co _mme _ r c _i _
al

Artistic expressions Landmarks

a c t _i n g
_
a_ r c h _i t e_ c t u _ r e_ b r _i d g e_
b_ all_ et c_ a s t l e_
f_a s h _i o_ n c a_ t h e_ d r _a l
gra _ f f _i t _i ch_ urch
h a_ n d _i c r a _fts clo _ck
l _i t e_ r _a t u_ r e_
fo__ unt_ a _i n
l y r _i c s
mu _ s e_ u_m
mu _ s _i c
p__ a i n t _i n g p a_ r k
p h o_ t o_ g r a_ p h y pyra _ m i_ d
sc_ ulptu _ r e_ s k y s c r a_ p e _r
s t a_ t u_ e_ s q u a_ r e_
t h e_ a _te _r sta _tu __ e
t_o w e_ r

94 Platform Three
 PEER ASSESSMENT
• Together with your partner, check your grades from the language review, vocabulary review and
evaluation diagnosis to check the most appropriate box about your progress.
almost a piece
I need more of cake!
practice perfect

Step Describe personal likes & dislikes

1: Language: Likes & dislikes
Vocabulary: Personal preferences
Examine similarities or differences between two items
Step
Language: as...as
2:
Vocabulary: Artistic expressions

Step Confirm information

3: Language:Tag questions: be/can
Vocabulary: Daily commute

Step Emphasize almost certain information

4: Language: Tag questions
Vocabulary: Media & advertising

WHAT’S NEXT?
• After analyzing your partner’s language and vocabulary reviews and based on the
grades you gave your partner above, answer these questions to help your partner.

1 What are your partner’s strong points in the topics you learned this period?

2 What are your partner’s weak points in the topics you learned this period?

3 What should your partner do to improve his/her language score?

Platform Three 95
 SELF-ASSESSMENT
• Look at the grades and comments your partner gave you in the peer
assessment and your grades from the project, language review and
vocabulary review to answer these questions.

1 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you happy with?

2 What parts of your progress and learning of this period are you not happy with?

3 Why? How can you improve? Give concrete actions.

Based on all of this information, what grade

would you give yourself this period?
/10
My grade

96 Platform Three
 Regular past verbs
Present Simple past Past participle Present Simple past Past participle
accept accepted accepted improve improved improved
advertise advertised advertised increase increased increased
affec affecte affecte inspire inspired inspired
affor afforde afforde introduce introduced introduced
appear appeared appeared invent invented invented
arrive arrived arrived invest invested invested
assassinate assassinated assassinated kill killed killed
assemble assembled assembled laugh laughed laughed
attack attacked attacked link linked linked
avoid avoided avoided listen listened listened
benefi benefite benefite litter littered littered
borrow borrowed borrowed manage managed managed
cause caused caused manufacture manufactured manufactured
celebrate celebrated celebrated move moved moved
change changed changed need needed needed
clean cleaned cleaned notice noticed noticed
collect collected collected occur occurred occurred
commute commuted commuted open opened opened
conquer conquered conquered organize organized organized
contaminate contaminated contaminated own owned owned
convert converted converted pollute polluted polluted
create created created prepare prepared prepared
cycle cycled cycled produce produced produced
dance danced danced program programed programed
declare declared declared protect protected protected
decompose decomposed decomposed protest protested protested
defeat defeated defeated pull pulled pulled
describe described described receive received received
design designed designed recognize recognized recognized
destroy destroyed destroyed record recorded recorded
develop developed developed recycle recycled recycled
die died died reduce reduced reduced
disappear disappeared disappeared remember remembered remembered
discover discovered discovered remove removed removed
earn earned earned replace replaced replaced
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed reuse reused reused
exchange exchanged exchanged rob robbed robbed
expect expected expected save saved saved
explore explored explored separate separated separated
fi fixe fixe sponsor sponsored sponsored
focus focused focused stimulate stimulated stimulated
generate generated generated suffe suffere suffere
happen happened happened surrender surrendered surrendered
help helped helped transform transformed transformed
 Regular past verbs Irregular past verbs
Present Simple past Past participle Present Simple past Past participle
transport transported transported hide hid hidden
trap trapped trapped hit hit hit
travel traveled traveled hold held held
try tried tried hurt hurt hurt
use used used keep kept kept
visit visited visited know knew known
waste wasted wasted lead led led
learn learnt learnt
leave left left
Irregular past verbs let let let
lose lost lost
Present Simple past Past participle make made made
be was/were been meet met met
become became become pay paid paid
begin began begun put put put
bite bit bitten quit quit quit
break broke broken read read read
bring brought brought ride rode ridden
burn burnt burnt ring rang rung
buy bought bought run ran run
catch caught caught say said said
choose chose chosen see saw seen
come came come sell sold sold
cost cost cost send sent sent
cut cut cut shoot shot shot
do did done shut shut shut
draw drew drawn sing sang sung
drink drank drunk sit sat sat
drive drove driven sleep slept slept
eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken
fall fell fallen spend spent spent
feel felt felt stand stood stood
figh fought fought steal stole stolen
fin found found swim swam swum
fl fle flow take took taken
forget forgot forgotten teach taught taught
forgive forgave forgiven tell told told
get got gotten think thought thought
give gave given throw threw thrown
go went gone understand understood understood
grow grew grown wake up woke up woken up
hang out hung out hung out wear wore worn
have had had win won won
hear heard heard write wrote written
 CREDITS
Platform 1
thewindpower.net theculturetrip.com
Pages 3-4 vra.com wikipedia.org
archdaily.mx wikipedia.org Page 72
culturacolectiva.com Page 24 teachervision.com
ecoinventos.com thesoundofenglish.org Page 76
eleconomista.com.mx foodnetwork.ca ich.unesco.org
greenbiz.com travel.nationalgeographic. list25.com
huffingtonpost.com.mx com wikipedia.org
interface.com Page 80
isuu.com Platform 2 britannica.com
milenio.com chinahighlights.com
net-works.com Pages 36-37 cuscoperu.com
ovacen.xom bbc.com history.com
parley.tv latimes.com international.visitjordan.
quien.com the guardian.com com
warkawater.org Page 41 mexicodesconocido.com.
wastedlab.nl/en/ educators.brainpop.com mx
muyinteresante.com.mx tefl.net nationalgeographic.com
codigoespagueti.com Page 44 new7wonders.com
Page 8 allthingstopics.com rome.info
archdaily.com avbuyer.com sacredsites.com
conceptosplasticos.com caranddriver.com theculturetrip.com
theventure.com century21global.com tajmahal.gov.in
Page 12 elfinanciero.com.mx tajmahal.org.uk
conciencia-sustentable.abilia. expedia.com xichen.com.mx
mx globalair.com wikipedia.org
culturacolectiva.com globalpropertyguide.com Page 84
unaescuelasustentable.uy numbeo.com alternatehistory.com
unesco.org point2homes.com freerepublic.com
Page 16 trulia.com io9.com
4ocean.com vividseats.com loc.gov
businessinsider.com zillow.com quora.com
culturacolectiva.com Page 48 wikipedia.org
scmp.com bbc.com Page 87
wptv.com Page 52 en.islcollective.com
Page 20 business.qld.gov.au learnthat.org
aljazeera.com morewords.com
bbc.com Platform 3 Page 88
culturacolectiva.com bbc.com
lossinagua.org Pages 66-67 datesandevents.org
archdaily.mx cnn.com history.com
Page 22 latina.com thoughtco.com
popularmechanics.com liquor.com timetoast.com
recurrentenergy.com mexonline.com wikipedia.org
 Publisher: Saúl D.M.
Diseño: David Pérez
Diagramación: David Pérez, Cecilia Lomas y Jesús Ordorica
Captura del texto: Fernanda de Ávila
Cuidado del texto: Michael John Pryor
Fotografías: Thinkstock y Pixabay

Step Up 4 se terminó de imprimir en noviembre 2019

en los talleres de Visual e Impresos S.A. de C.V. Calle
54 núm. 814, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.