CHAPTER 1-Introduction
Lucia, Maria, Rizal, Conception, Josefa, Trinidad,
Republic Act 1425/Rizal Law - teaching of life, works
and writings of Rizal.
Senator Claro Recto - author of rizal bill.
Senate Bill No. 438- also known as rizal bill.
- Began on April 23,1956.
Rizal bill ended on May 12,1956.
The rizal bill enacted on June 12, 1956 signed by
President Ramon Magsaysay.
CHAPTER 2- Spain and 19th century world of Rizal
Nationalism- sense of loyalty and psychological
attachment.
The ideology of French Revolution - Liberty, Fraternity
and Equality.
February 17, 1872 - execution of GOMBURZA
Commercial Revolution -caused by the immense
potential profits.
Industrial Revolution- commerce was facilitated with
use of inventions such as steam engine.
Laissez-faire policy - policy of governments
interference to conduct of trade and business.
Carlist Wars- struggle of spain.
Opening of Suez Canal in 1896 and laying telegraph line
Brought Europe closer to Philippines.
Illustrados - “enlighten ones”
Governor-general - had legislative powers, were call
actos acordados.
Friars - supervising representative of spanish
government.
Frailocracia - termed by Lopez Jaena rise in power and
influence of the friars.
Audiencia Real - highest court in the Philippines.
Las Leyes de Indias - law issued by the spanish crown.
CHAPTER 3- Nationalism
Spanish ruled the Philippines for more that 300 years.
Reduction Plan of Fr. Juan de Plasencia was
implemented which required natives to live in the area
near the church.
Governor-General Carlos Ma Dela Torre -governor-
general in the philippines. His successor Rafael de
Izquierdo.
Cavite Mutiny - increased taxes from tribute and forced
labor by gov general Izquerdo.
CHAPTER 4- Rizal childhood years
Rizal was born on June 19, 1861.
- baptized by Father Ruffino Collantes with Father
Pedro Casanas his grandfather.
Rizal was the seventh child of Don Francisco and Dona
Teodora.
Rizal Siblings: Saturnina, Paciano, Narcissa, Olimpia,
Soledad.
- His great grandfather from father side is Domingo
Lamco.
- His grandfather was Juan Mercado.
-His father Don Francisco Mercado took courses in
Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose Manila.
-His mother completed her education at Colegio de
Santa Rosa, prestigious college for girls in Manila.
Father Leoncio Lopez who made the young rizal the
need to develop a sound philosophy of life.
At age of 4 Rizal experienced his first sorrow, when his
young sister concepcion he fondly called concha died.
-Rizal first poem when he was 8 years old entitled
“Sa aking mga kabata of To my fellow children”.
-Rizal’s first teacher was his mother.
-His first private teacher was Maestro Celestino then
Maestro Lucas Padua and third is Leon Monroy.
- Rizal in village school under Maestro Justiniano Cruz.
-Rizal returned to Calamba on December 17, 1870.
CHAPTER 5- Rizal in Ateneo
- Rizal took entrance examination at Colegio de San
Latran on June 10, 1872.
Father Magi Fernando deny rizal’s admission.
-Due to intervention of Manuel Burgos the registrar
finally admitted rizal.
-He registered his name as Jose Rizal because his
original surname ring a bell to theauthorities.
- RIzal take Bachiller en Artes at Ateneo which has 5
learning areas ; Christian Doctrine, History and
Geography, World History, Mathematics and sciences,
Classic discipline.
Two competing empires:
Roma Empire - were the boarding students at Ateneo
Carthaginian Empire - non-boarding students.
Empire ranks: Emperor (best scholar)----tribune---
decurion---centurion---standard bearer.
Atenean education one aim is Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam
or For the greater glory of God.
-Rizal studied at Ateneo from 1872-1877.
-He passed the oral examination on March 14, 1877.
- He graduated with the degree of Bachiller en Artes
with highest academic honors.
-Rizal’s academic triumph at ateneo cam be attributed
to thress factors; racial pride, monastic discipline and
seclusion of boarding school life.
-Rizal took painting lesson under Agustin Saez anad
sculpture lesson under Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus.
-Rizal first poem as a student entitled Mi Primera
Inspiracion dedicated to his mother latter’s natal day.
-Another poem he write in ateneo was Un Recuerdo de
Mi Pueblo (In memory of my town).
-The poem Al Nino Jesus was an ode rizal wrote it
when he was 14 years old, the poem express his
catholicism.
-Rizal conferred the degree of Bachiller en Artes on
March 23, 1876.
RIZAL IN UST
- At 16 rizal enrolled Philosophy and letters during his
freshmen year in UST.
-Rizal shifted his course in Medicine. He was advised by
Father Ramon to pursue medicine.
-Rizal was a member of a group called Comapaneros de
Jehu inspired by the freshmen who opposed French
Revolution.
- He became infatuated with Segunda Katigbak when
segunda was to be married, he turned his eyes to
another women at that time he was courting Leonor
“Orang” Valenzuela and Leonor Rivera.
Leonor Rivera - his greatest love and first cousin.
- Rizal’s entry in literary writing contest wasn
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) and El
Consejo de los Dioses ( The council of the Gods)
Three best literary works of rizal at university:
A La Juventud Filipina
El Consejo de los Dioses - allegory in praise of cervantes
A Filipinas - a sonnet to encourage filipino artists ro
glorify the country.
Junto Al Pasig - one act play, request of the jesuits.
DECISION TO GO TO EUROPE
After 4th year rizal decided to leave the country to
complete his medical course in Barcelona Spain
CHAPTER 6- Rizal in Europe
-Rizal left in Calamba on May 1, 1882 and reach Manila
via carromata.
-From Manila Salvadora sailed to Singapore.
-From Singapore he boarded the ship Djemna to
France.
-He reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
- When he was in Barcelona, he write an essay entitled
El Amor Patrio or Love of Country, he was 21 years
under pseudonym Laong Laan.
-El Amor Patrio - rizal’s first nationalistic essay.
- Rizal joins Masonry and he became Master Mason in
Lodge Solidaridad on November 15,1890.
- Rizal was attracted to Consuelo
Juan Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo wins Madrid Exposition
Luna was awarded gold medal for his painting
“Spolarium”.
Hidalgo a silver medal for his entry “Christian virgins
exposed to the populace”.
-Rizal delivered a speech during the occasion called
“brindis”.
Rizal in Paris
-He was 24 years old and he wants to specialize in
opthalmology.
-He went to Barcelona to visit Maximo Viola a medical
student from San miguel Bulacan.
-Rizal finish his medicine studies in France and
Germany.
-He works as an assistant at eye clinic of Dr. Louis de
Wecker for 4 months.
- Rizal became Luna’s model in “The blood compact”
and Death of Cleopatra he posed as “Sikatuna” in The
blood compact and a priest in the Death of Cleopatra.
Rizal in Heidelberg Germany
-He arrived on February 3, 1886
-He was privileged to work at eye hospital of Dr. Otto
Becker.
-Rizal write a poem entitled A Las Flores de Heidelberg
on April 12, 1886’
-Rizal sent hos first correspondence to Blumentritt on
July 31,1886.
-He arrived on Leipzig on August 14, 1886
-He came to know Prof. Friedrich Ratzel a welll known
german historian and Dr. Hans Meyer a famous
anthropologist.
-While at Leipzig he worked as a proofreader in a
publishing company to augment his allowance.
-He left Leipzig on October 29,1886.
Rizal in Berlin
- He arrived on November 1, 1886
-On the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer
rizal accepted as member of following societies in
Berlin:
Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society and
Geographical Society.
-He worked as an assistant in Dr. Schweigger’s clinic
CHAPTER 7- Noli Me Tangere
-Rizal encourage hos fellow expatriates to call
themselves Indios Bravos.
-He presented a proposal novel about the Philippines to
the Circulo Hispano Filipino on January 2, 1884.
-Pedro Paterno write his novel Costumbres Filipinas
particular aspecr of filipino culture.
-Rizal motivation to write novel was Luna’s Spolarium
-Rizal started writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 while he
was studying in Europe.
-He wrote one half in Madrid, one fourth in Paris and
remaining one fourth was completed in Berlin
Germany on February 21,1887.
-The novel came to the press on March 21,1887
funded by Maximo Viola.
First reaction to the Noli
- Antonio Regidor said the book is superior
-Ferdinand Blumentritt “Your works as we germans say,
has been written with blood and heart.
-Archbishop Pedro Payo he found the book heretical
impous and scandalous in its religion.
-Sent the same to rector of UST for examination on
August 18, 1887.
-Gov, General Emilio Terrero alleged to be libelous and
subversive, interested to read it.
ATTACKS
-Fr. Salvador Font banning the book, prevent the
circulation of novel. Submitted a report on December
29, 1892.
-Rizal wrote satistical essay entitled Por Telefono under
pen name Dimas Alang in answer to attack of Fr. Font
-Father Jose Rodriguez judged the novel on a doctrinal
level,(Caingat Kayo) issuing a series of pamphlets under
Cuestiones De Sumo Interes. Rizal replied through
satirical pamphlet La Vision Del Fray Rodriguez.
DEFENDERS
-Fr. Francisco Paula De Sanchez praise and defended
the Noli publicly.
-Fr. Vicente Garcia writing under the pen name
Desiderio Magalang he reolied to Fr. Rodriguez
condemnation of the Noli for its alleged blasphemy and
heresy.
-The book was a work of Literature.
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar answer Fr. Rodriguez pamphlet
entitled Caiigat Kayo (be slippery as an eel)
-Ferdinand Blumentritt the novel was a patriotic one.
CHAPTER 8- The First Homecoming
-Rizal and Viola arrived at Leitmeritz afternoon of May
13, 1887.
May 17, 1887 Rizal and Viola left Letmeritz.
-Rizal and Viola arrived at Vienna on May 20, 1887.
-Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday at Geneva
-The twi parted ways on June 23, 1887 Rizal toured in
Italy, Viola returned to Barcelona.
Rizal Arrives in Manila
-Rizal left Rome by train headed for Marseilles France
on July 3, 1887. He boarded Djemna same vessel that
ferried him to the continent five years ago.
-Rizal transferred to steamer Haiphong and reached
Manila on August 5, 1887.
-Visited Isabelo Delos Reyes
Back to Calamba
-Arrived in Calamba on August 8, 1887.
-Rumors spreading that Rizal was a german spy.
-He open a medical clinic
-Old folks of Calamba called him Doctor Uliman
Calamba Agrarian Problem started when gov. General
tererro ordered investigation of the friars to determine
whether the dominicans were paying taxes.
Lt. General Valeriano Weyler replaced Gov. General
Tererro.
-Una Profanacion attacked the denial of christian burial
to his brother in law. Published on July 31, 1889
Himno Al Trabajo to commemorate the conversion of
Lipa from town to city.
-Rizal leave for the 2nd February 1887 he was already 27
years old, medical practitioner and recognized man of
letters.
CHAPTER 9-Calamba to Europe for 2nd time
Rizal in Hongkong
- On board the steamer Zafiro, Rizal left Manila for
Hongkong
-He arrived February 8, 1888.
-Rizal met Jose Maria Basa and Balbino Mauricio.
-On February 22, 1888 Rizal left Hongkong on board
vessel SS Oceania.
Rizal In Japan
-Arrived on February 28, 1888, he entered the country
through Yokohama. He visited Japanese provinces and
learned Nippongo.
-Kuruma or Rickshaw like horses, popular mode of
transportation in Japan that time.
-Rizal’s romance with Osei-San began
Rizal in America
-Riza left in Japan middle of April 1888, Arrived in US on
April 28. 1888 on english steamer Belgic.
- On May 16, 1888 Rizal left New York for Liverpool
England.
Rizal in London
-Arrived in Liverpool on May 24, 1888.
-Rizal resided to London from May 1888-March 1889.
-Upon Arriving to London on May 25, 1888, he stayed
as a guest to Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, a practicing
lawyer.
-Dr, Reinhild Rost recommend rizal be allowed to
undertake research at British Museum.
-Rizal attracted to Gertrude Beckett.
Asociacion La Solidaridad organization, patriotic
society, established on December 31, 1888
The officers of this patriotic society were:
President: Galiciano Apacible
Vice President: Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Secretary: Manuel Sta. Maria
Tresurer: Mariano Ponce
Accountant: Jose Ma. Panganiban
Jose Rizal was chosen as honorary president of
Asociacion La Solidaridad.
-On February 5, 1889 Rizal was informed the founding
organ of Propaganda Movement by Graciano Lopez-
Jaena. This time it called La Solidaridad.
-With La Solidaridad Rizal express his thoughts and
feelings fearlessly. His first article in La Solidaridad was
Los Agricultores Filipinos.
-Rizal went to Paris early in September 1888.
-Rizal went to Madrid and Barcelona on December 11,
1888.
-Rizal returned to London on December 24, 1888, he
spent Christmas and new year with Beckett family.
-He wrote the famous “Letter to the young women in
Malolos” in reply to attacks made by Fr. Rodriguez.
The letter was written upon requested by Marcelo H.
Del Pilar.
-Rizal left London for Paris on March 19, 1889.
CHAPTER 10-Legacy to young filipino women
-On December 12, 1888 a group of 20 women
petitioned Gov. General Weyler for permission to open
a night school to study spanish under Teodoro Sandiko
-Father Felipe Garcia objected it
Qualities Mothers have to Possess
-noble wife
-Rear her children in the service of the state.
-Set standards of behavior foe men around her
Advice to Unmarried men and women
- Choosing life partner, they should not consider
physical beauty nor sweetness, but rather give priority
to firmness of character andlofty ideas.
- Rizal counseled young women not to surrender their
womanhood to a weak and timid heart
3 things young woman must look for a man
-noble and honored name
-manly heart
-high spirit incapable of being satisfied with
engendering slaves
CHAPTER 11- Visionary Journalist to Paris and Brussels
Kidlat Club to bring together the youthful Filipinos in
Paris. March 19, 1889.
The Paris Exposition opened on May 6, 1889, cutting
ribbon by Sadi Carnor.
Indios Bravos replaced Kidlat Club
- Rizal founded Sociedad R.D.L.M (Redencion De Los
Malayos) aim as a secret society, propagation of all
useful knowledge.
Sobre La Indolencia de Los Filipinos (The Indolence of
the Filipinos)
-longest essay of Rizal
-defense of filipinos from charge that they were
inherently lazy or indolent.
Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos (The Philippines A
Century Hero) - how Philippines through century.
A Mi Musa (To my muse) - attitudes of filipino
expatriates in Spain. Express Rizal’s bitterness over land
troubles in Calamba.
-Rizal had an affair with Suzanne Jacoby (Europe)
-Rizal envisioned came true, On May 1, 1889 the
American entered Philippines and wrestled from Spain
the control of the Philippines.
-Rizal left Paris for Brussles, Belgium on January
28,1890
-Accompanied by Jose Alberto, an engineering student,
stayed with Rizal when Rizal transferred to Brussels.
CHAPTER 12 - Resolute Propagandist Abdicates
Leadership
-Rizal seek justice for his family and farmers,he sought
the assistance of the Associacion Hispano Filipino
Jose Ma. Panganiban (jomapa)
- Antonio Luna blame Rizal for his failure to win
“Nellie Bousted” (Biarritz, France)
- Leonora Rivera married “Henry Kipping” an english
man.
Rizal’s break with Del Pilar
- A meeting was held on January 1, 1891
-The meeting decided to call the leader
“responsible/responsible”
-Divided in two campaigns: Rizalistas and Pilaristas
-In Biarritz May 29/30, 1891 he completed the
manuscript of EL FILIBUSTERISMO.
-Rizal left Biarritz on March 30. 1891
CHAPTER 13- El Filibusterismo: A Revolution that
Failed
-Rizal left Brussels for Ghent on July 5, 1891
-Valentin Ventura funded the publication of El Fili and
published it on September 18, 1891
-Noli Me Tangere
- is a romantic novel, a work of heart and book
of feeling
- dedicated to motherland
-loneger, consist of 64 chapters
-El Filibusterismo
- is a political novel, work of head and book of
thought.
- dedicated to memory of GOMBURZA
-shorter, consist of 38 chapters
Both novels were instrumen6al in awakening the spirit
of filipino nationalism, which paved the way for the
outbreak of Revolution 1896.
Tabo- vessel/steamer on board in El Fili
Senor Pasta - self-seeking opportunist, serving only
interest of those who have hired them.
Isagani young student, basilio’s bestfriend
Paulita Gomez- girlfriend of Isagani and niece of Doña
Victorina
Basilio- medical student, helped simoun
Juli- girlfriend of basilio, youngest daughter of kabesang
tales
Placido Penitente - young man who dillusioned by the
state affairs
Don Custudio - Spaniard who pretends to be influential
in colonial government
Cabesang Tales - victim of land grabbing by friars, he
died of fever and no justice
Rizal after El Fili no lomger shared the view of the
reforms, he was bitterly attacked and mocked by his
fellow reformers in madrid
CHAPTER 14- Back to Hongkong and Philippines
towards life in Calamba
-Rizal left Europe via Marseilles France on October 18,
1891
-He arrived in Hongkong November 20, 1891
-Governor Eulogio Despujol replaced Governor
Valeriano Weyler
Writings in Hongkong
-Ang mga karapatan ng tao
-A la Nacion Espanola ( To the Spanish Nation)
-Sa mga kababayan ( To my Countrymen)
Rizal laid down the basis of the La Liga Filipina with
assistance of Jose Maria Basa
La Liga Filipina sought to achieve unification of whole
archipelago, defense against all forms of violence and
injustice, stimulation of instruction, agriculture and
commerce.
La Liga Filipina founded on July3, 1892, in Calle Ilaya
Tondo, home of Doroteo Ongjungco
- Its motto was Unus Instar Omnium (One like All)
Borneo Colonization Project
Rizal conceived and planned the founding of a Filipino
colony in North Borneo or Sabah, thus in March 7,
1892, he negotiated with the British authorities in
charge of the North Borneo Company and was offered
100,000 acres of land free of charge for 99 years.
-Rizal and his sister returned Manila on June 26, 1892
after going through with their luggage
-Rizal returned to Manila on June 28, 1892 after his
travels to central luzon
-July 7, 1892 Despujolorder the deportation of Rizal to
Dapitan
-Rizal was detained in Fort Santiago for 9 days on July
15, 1892
La Liga died and it splits in two branches
-The rightist (cuerpo de compromisarios)
-The leftists (KKK)
-Rizal arrived on Dapitan on July 17, 1892
Literary works in Dapitan
-Hymn to Talisay intended for college song
-My Retreat -response to his mother’s request
CHAPTER 15- Revolution of 1896 trial and martyrdom
Federico Ochangco replaced Despujol as Gov. General
on May 24, 1893
Ramon Blanco soon takeover the reigns of gov general
Jose Pablo was sent by thr friars to spy on Rizal, he
offered himself as the courier of rizals letters and
writings
Attempts to rescue Rizal
- Paez find a vessel for Rizal going to Hongkong
-Regidor Plan: Election of Del Pilar to spanish
and him work for Rizal’s liberation
-Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan to
inform Rizal about Revolution
-Blumentritt suggest that Rizal should work as a
volunteer doctor for spanish army in cuba.
 -Ramon Blanco approved and Rizal boarded
going to Barcelona

-Rizal left Dapitan on July 31, 1896 on board the

steamer espana. He arrived in Manila on
August 6, 1896

-August 23, 1896 the historic Cry of Pugadlawin took

place wherein Bonifacio asked Katipuneros if they were
ready to fight the spaniards.
-August 30, 1896 Ramon Blanco issued gobernatorial
decree declaring a state of war.
-September 3, 1896 he boarded steamer Isla de Panay
going to Barcelona.

-The verdict of death sentence was December 29. 1896

-He gave wicker chair to Narcisa
-He gave his niece Angelica a handkerchief
-To Trinidad, he gave an alcohol burner and said that
there is something important on it
- Rizal placed his last poem on Alcohol burner that he
gave to Trinidad “Mi Ultimo Adios” My Last Farewell

-Dr. Felipe Castillo checked Rizal’s pulse and find it

normal