KRMVP/ EQUILIBRIUM WORKSHEET/ CLASS11

Competency based questions

Multiple choice questions

Q1 The pH of a solution of hydrochloric acid is 4. The molarity of the solution

is:

(a) 4.0

(b) 0.4

(c) 0.0001

(d) 0.04

Q2 The strong conjugate base is

(a) NO32-

(b) Cl–

(c) SO42-

(d) CH3COO–

Q3 Which of the following pairs constitutes a buffer ?

(a) NaOH and HCl

(b) HNO3 and NH4NO3

(c) HCl and KCl

(d) HNO2 and NaNO2

Q4 When NH4Cl is added to NH4OH solution the dissociation of ammonium

hydroxide is reduced. It is due to:

(a) common ion effect

(b) hydrolysis

(c) oxidation

(d) reduction

Q5 Which of the following statements regarding a chemical equilibrium is

wrong?
(A) An equilibrium can be shifted by altering temperature or pressure
(B) An equilibrium is dynamic
(C) Forward reaction is favoured when catalyst is added
(D) Same state of equilibrium is reached, whether one starts from reactants
or products

Q6 For the hypothetical reactions, the equilibrium constant (K) values are
given
A ⇄ B, K1
B ⇄ C,K2
C ⇄ D, K3
The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction A ⇄ D is

Q7 The unit of Kp in the following reaction is

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇄ 2NH3(g)
(A) atm
(B) atm–2
(C) atm2
(D) atm–1

Q8 In which of the following does the reaction go almost to completion?

(A) A + B ⇄ C; K = 10^4
(B) X + Y ⇄ Z; K = 10^–3
(C) P + Q ⇄ R; K = 1
(D) M + N ⇄ O + P; K = 10^–1

Q9 For the equilibrium CO2 + H2O ⇄ CO2 + H2 The relation between Kp and Kc
at 25°C and at 100°C are
(A) Kp = Kc, Kp = Kc
(B) Kp = Kc(RT)–1, Kp = Kc
(C) Kp = Kc(RT), Kp = Kc(RT)
(D) Kp = Kc(RT), Kp = Kc

Q10 pH of tomato juice is 4.4. Then concentration of H3O+ will be:

(A) 39 × 10^–4
(B) 3.9 × 10^–5
(C) 3.9 × 10^–4
(D) 3.9 × 10

Q11 The solubility of Ca3(PO4)2 in water is y mol/L. The solubility product will be

o A. 36 y4
o B. 6y²
o C. 108 y5
o D. 64 y5

Q12 Ka, 2Ka and 3Ka is the respective ionisation constants for the following

reactions.

H2S ⇌ H+ + HS–

HS– ⇌ H+ + S2–

H2S ⇌ 2H+ + S2–

The correct relationship between Ka1 , Ka2 and Ka3 is

(i) Ka3 = Ka1 × Ka2

(ii) Ka3 = Ka1 + Ka2

(iii) Ka3 = Ka1 – Ka2

(iv) Ka3 = Ka1 /Ka2

Q13 At 500 K, the equilibrium constant, 6Kc, for the following reaction is 5.

1/2 H2 (g) +1/2 I2 (g) ⇌ HI (g)

What would be the equilibrium constant Kc

for the reaction

2HI (g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)

(i) 0.04

(ii) 0.4

(iii) 25

(iv) 2.5

Q14 We know that the relationship between Kc and Kp is

Kp = Kc (RT)Δ n
What would be the value of Δn for the reaction
NH4Cl (s) ⇔ NH3 (g) + HCl (g)
(i) 1
(ii) 0.5
(iii) 1.5
(iv) 2
Q15 In which of the following reactions, the equilibrium remains unaffected on
addition of small amount of argon at constant volume?
(i) H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇔ 2HI (g)
(ii) PCl5 (g) ⇔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)
(iii) N2(g) + 3H2 (g) ⇔ 2NH3 (g)
(iv) The equilibrium will remain unaffected in all the three cases.

Assertion and reason

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) Both A and R are false.

1.Assertion (A): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium

acetate maintains a constant value of pH on the addition of small

amounts of acid or alkali.

Reason (R): A solution containing a mixture of acetic acid and sodium

acetate acts as a buffer solution around pH 4.75.

2.Assertion (A): Increasing order of acidity of hydrogen halides is

HF < HCl < HBr < HI

Reason (R): While comparing acids formed by the elements belonging tothe
same group of the periodic table, H–A bond strength is a more an important
factor in determining the acidity of acid than the polar nature of the bond.

3.Assertion (A): For any chemical reaction at a particular temperature,the

equilibrium constant is fixed and is a characteristic property.

Reason (R): Equilibrium constant is independent of temperature.

4.Assertion: For a reaction, the concentration quotient (Q) is equal to K

when the reaction is in equilibrium.

Reason: If a catalyst is added to the reaction at equilibrium, the value of Q

remains unchanged and is no longer equal to K.

5.Assertion: The reaction for which An=0 there is no effect of pressure on

equilibrium.

Reason: A change in pressure results in no change in the value of the

equilibrium constant.

Case study based

The equilibrium constant can be used to predict the direction of the

reaction. We need a term, reaction quotient (Qc expressed in terms of
concentrations or Qp in terms of partial pressures) similar to the
equilibrium constant, except that the conditions are not at equilibrium.
For a balanced reaction, aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

The reaction quotient (Qc or Qp) is given as:

Qc = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b

Qp = pcC × pdD / paA × pbB

Comparison with Kc and the direction of reaction:

• If Q = Kc, the reaction is in equilibrium [Where, Kc = equilibrium

constant]
• If Q > Kc, Q tends to decrease so as to become equal to K, the reaction
will proceed in the backward direction.
• If Q < Kc, Q tends to increase so as to become equal to K, the reaction
will proceed in the forward direction.

1) If … the reaction will proceed in the direction of reactants (reverse reaction).

a) Qc > Kc
b) Qc < Kc
c) Qc = Kc
d) None of above
2) If ∆G is …. then the reaction is spontaneous and proceeds in the forward
direction.
a) zero
b) positive
c) negative
d) None of above

3)Reaction quotient for the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2 NH3 (g) is given by, Q =
[NH3]2/[N2] [H2]3.The reaction will proceed from right to left if Kc value is-

A) Q<K
b) . Q=0

c) Q>Kc

d) Q=Kc

4) If the equilibrium constant for the reaction N 2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 is K, then eq.
constant for the reaction 1/2 N2 + 3/2 H2 ⇌ NH3 is K’ which is equal to

a) 2K

b) 2/3K

c) √K

d) None of the above

Two marks questions

Q1 The pH of 0.08 mol dm-3 HOCI solution is 2.85. Calculate its ionisation
constant.
 Q2 M g ( O H) 2 is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in

aqueous NH 4 C l solution-explain.

Q3 An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M H2S and 0.20 M HCl. If the equilibrium

constants for the formation of H S − from H 2 S is 1.0 × 10−7 and that

of S 2− from 4 S − ions is 1.2 × 10−13 , then find the concentration

of S −2 ions in aqueous solution

Q4 Consider the
reaction NH 4 COO NH 2 ( s )= 2 NH 3 ( g ) + CO 2 ( g ) at a

certain temperature, the equilibrium pressure of the system is 0.318 atm.

Find K p of the decomposition of ammonium carbonate.

Q5 The equilibrium constant for the
reaction CO ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) = CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g ) is 5.

How many moles of CO 2 must be added to 1 litre container already containing

3 moles each of CO and H 2 O to make 2M equilibrium concentration of CO?

Q6 An aqueous solution contains an unknown concentration of B a 2+ . When

50 ml of a 1M solution of N a 2 SO 4 is added. B a SO 4 just begins to

precipitate. The final volume is 500ml. The solubility product of B a SO 4 is

1 × 10−10 Find the original concentration.

Q7 What is the unit of equilibrium for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 (g).

Q8 Find the value of Kc for each of the following equilibria from the value of K

Q9 A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2, 1.92 mol of H2 and 8.13 mol of NH3is introduced into a
20 L reaction vessel at 500 K. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant K c for the
reaction

Is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, what is the direction of net reaction?

Q10 Following data is given for the reaction: CaCO3 (s) → CaO3 (s) + CO2 (g)

ΔfH⊖ [CaO (s)] = -635.1 kJ mol=-1

ΔfH⊖ [CO2 (g)] = -393.5 kJ mol-1

ΔfH⊖ [CaCO3 (s)] = -1206.9 kJ mol-1

Predict the effect of temperature on the Equilibrium constant of the above

reaction.

Three marks questions

Q1 What is the equilibrium concentration of each of the substances in the equilibrium
when the initial concentration of ICl was 0.78 M?

Q2 A sample of pure PCl5 was introduced into an evacuated vessel at 473 K. After
equilibrium was reached, the concentration of PCl5 was found to be 0.5 x 10-1 mol L-1.
If Kc is 8.3 x 10-3 what are the concentrations of PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium?
Q3 What is meant by conjugate acid-base pair? Find the conjugate acid/base for the
following species: HNO2, CH–, HClO4 , OH–, CO32-, S2-
Q4 The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 x 10 -10. What is the concentration of
phenolate ion in 0.05 M solution of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the
solution is also 0.01 M in sodium phenolate?

Q5 The solubility product of Al(OH) 3 is 2.7 × 10-11. Calculate its solubility in

gL-1 and also find out the pH of this solution. (Atomic mass of Al = 27 u).

Q6 A sparingly soluble salt gets precipitated only when the product of the
concentration of its ions in the solution (Qsp) becomes greater than its
solubility product. If the solubility of BaSO4 in water is 8 × 10-4 mol dm-3,
calculate its solubility in 0.01 mol dm-3 of H2SO4.

pH of 0.08 mol dm-3 HOCl solution is 2.85. Calculate its ionisation constant.

Five marks questions

Q1 It has been found that the pH of a 0.01 M solution of an organic acid is 4.15.
Calculate the concentration of the anion, the ionization constant of the acid and
its PKa.
Q2 What is the effect of:
(i) addition of H2 (ii) addition of CH3OH
(iii) removal of CO (iv) removal of CH3OH

State Lechatelier's principle