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MODULE – II
BASIC MOS CIRCUITS
➢ Single Stage Amplifiers:
1. Common Source (CS) amplifier – Large signal and small signal behaviour
with resistive load, diode connected load and current source load;
2. CS amplifier with source degeneration
3. Source follower Common gate stage

➢ Differential Amplifiers: Basic Differential Pair-large signal and small signal behaviour, Common Mode
response Differential Pair with MOS Loads

➢ Current Mirrors: Analysis and characteristics of Basic Current Mirror and Cascode Current Mirror

o Active Current Mirrors: Differential pair (5 transistor OTA) with active load-
large and small signal analysis

2.1 Single Stage Amplifiers:

Amplifiers are essential building blocks of both analog and digital systems.Amplifiers are needed for variety of
reasons including:

– To amplify a weak analog signal for further processing

– To reduce the effects of noise of the next stage

– To provide a proper logical levels (in digital circuits)

• Amplifiers also play a crucial role in feedback systems

Amplifier Characteristics –
Ideally the output of an amplifier be a linear function of the input, i.e., the input times a constant gain:

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Amplifier Trade-offs
In practice, when designing an amplifier, we need to optimize for some performance parameters.
Typically, these parameters trade performance with each other, therefore, we need to choose an
acceptable compromise.

Amplifier categories.

Common Source Amplifier

In common-source amplifiers, the input is connected to the gate and the output is taken from the drain.

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In a simple common source Amplifier:

➢ gate voltage variations times gm gives the drain current variations,

➢ drain current variations times the load gives the output voltage variations
➢ Therefore, one can expect the small-signal gain to be:

Different types of loads can be used in an amplifier:

1. Resistive Load

2. Diode-connected Load

3. Current Source Load

4. Triode Load

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• The following parameters of amplifiers are very important:

1. Small-signal gain

2. Voltage swing

Common-Source Stage with Resistive Load

By virtue of its transconductance, a MOSFET converts changes in its gate-source voltage to a small-signal drain
current, which can pass through a resistor to generate an output voltage.

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If Vin is high enough to drive M1 into the deep triode region, Vout 2(Vin - VT H), and, from the equivalent circuit

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