Machine Element and Engineering Drawing

Dr. Nyayu Aisyah, S.ST, M.T

Topics
a. Strain in machine element. (1)
b. Coupling mechanism between machine elements. (2-4)
c. Lubricants and lubrications (5)
d. Bearings, gears, clutch, and bolts, (6)
e. Standardization of machine elements (7)
f. Introduction to engineering drawing (8)
g. Orthography projection (9)
h. Engineering drawing interpretation (10)
I. Orthographic freehand drawing (11-12)
j. Drawing by using software (13-14)
B. Permanent Joint
1. INTRODUCTION
• The process of permanently joining two or more metal parts by the
fusion of edges of metal with or without applying pressure and a filler
material is called welding.

• Forge welding (pressure applied)

• Fusion welding (without pressure)

• Two ways in fusion welding:

1. Gas welding
2. Electric welding
Result
Application of Welding

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 3. Types of Welding Processes
1. Thermit welding
Thermit:
Aluminium + Iron oxide

Thermit is heated, melted,

and then poured into a
mould made around the
joint and fuses with the
parts to be welded.
 3. Types of Welding Processes
2. Gas welding

Applying flame of an oxy-acetylene or

hydrogen gas upon surfaces of joint

The intense heat heats up the local

surfaces to fusion point, using the
welding rod supplies metal

Heating rate is slow

Gas welding
 3. Types of Welding Processes
3. Electric welding

Base metal is melted using arc stream

forming a pool of molten metal. This
molten metal is forced out of the pool
by the blast from arc
Electric welding
SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) Oxy-Acetylene Welding
Discussion
HEAT AFFECTED ZONE (HAZ)
•The metal in this region has experienced the temperature below its melting point, but its
high enough to change the micro-structure.
•This metal consists of the base metal which has undergone a heat treatment due to the
welding temperatures, so that its properties have been altered.

•The amount of metallurgical

damage in the heat affected
zone (HAZ) depends on the
amount of heat input, peak
temp reached, distance from
fusion zone, time at elevated
temp, cooling rate, and the
metal’s thermal properties.

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According to ASME Sec IX.
TYPE WELDING JOINTS
There are 3 fillet joint:
 Single transverse fillet,
 Double transverse fillet, dan
 Paralel fillet joint.

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TYPE WELDING JOINTS

Butt joint:
• Square butt joint,
• Single V-butt joint,
• Single U-butt joint,
• Double V-butt joint
• Double U-butt joint

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STRENGTH OF TRANSVERSE WELDING JOINT

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STRENGHT OF PARALEL WELDING JOINT

This welded joint is designed for shear strength

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EXAMPLE
A plate 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick is to be welded to another plate by means of
double parallel fillets. The plates are subjected to a static load of 80 kN. Find the length of
weld if the permissible shear stress in the weld does not exceed 55 MPa.

Starting of weld run

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A plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is joined with another plate by a single transverse
weld and a double parallel fillet weld. The maximum tensile and shear stresses are 70 MPa
and 56 MPa respectively. Find the length of each parallel fillet weld.

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BUTT JOINT STRENGTH

and tensile strength for double-V butt joint

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