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HOW TO PREPARE FOR ISSB

1. Issuance of Call-up Letter for Tests/Interviews for concerned

ISSB at Kohat, Gujranwala, Malir Cantt Karachi & Quetta,
Pakistan.
2. Reporting to allotted ISSB center.
3. Documentation.
4. Allotment of Houses and necessary briefings by ISSB staff.
5. Allocation / Allotment of Chest Numbers.
6. Addresses of President / Deputy President to the Candidates.
7. Intelligence Tests. (Verbal Tests).
8. Intelligence Tests. (Non-Verbal Tests).
9. Mechanical Aptitude Test. (After these 3 tests, the Screened
out candidates will be dispatched to their homes and rest of the
candidates will appear in the remaining tests for next 03 days
continuously.)

10. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS. (PERSONALITY

TESTS) CONDUCTED BY PSYCHOLOGIST
(a) Words Association Tests.
(b) English Sentence Completion Test.
(c) Urdu Sentence Completion Test.
(d) Writing of Pointer Stories.
(e) Writing of Picture Stories.
(f) Writing of Merits / Demerits of Candidate.
(g) Merits / Demerits in the eyes of friends.
(h) Merits / Demerits in the eyes of opponents.
(i) Hobbies / personal likings and disliking.
(j) Unforgettable Incident of Life.
(k) Why I want to join Pakistan Defence Forces????
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11. GTO TASKS (GROUP TESTING OFFICER,

INDOOR TESTS)
(a) Distribution in Groups.
(b) Briefing by the GTO.
(c) Military Planning.
(d) Group Discussions on English Topics.
(e) Group Discussions on Urdu Topics.

12. GTO TASKS (GROUP TESTING OFFICER,

OUTDOOR TESTS)
(a) Progressive Group Task. (PGT)
(b) Half / Semi Group Task. (SGT)
(c) Formal Interview by GTO before Command Task.
(d) Command Task. (CT)
(d) Individual Obstacles.
(e) Mutual Assessment by the Candidates in Group.

13. INTERVIEW BY THE PRESIDENT. (Note Main Contents)

(a) Provision of correct personal information & family
background.
(b) General Knowledge.
(c) Current Affairs.
(d) Pakistan Affairs.
(e) Regional Affairs.
(f) Pakistan Studies / History.
(g) Geography of Pakistan& World Atlas.
(h) History Information / about Pakistan Defence Forces.
(i) Information about Defence Forces of our enemies.
(j) Information about World Organizations & their role.
(k) Indo-Pak Wars.
(l) Mathematical Questions.
(m) Common sense / puzzling and Psychological Questions.

14. Re-interview by the Commandant ISSB.

15. Conference Day by the Selection Officers of ISSB.
16. Departure of the Candidates to their home Towns.
17. Dispatching of ISSB result on the postal addresses of
candidates.
18. Medical Examination of Recommended Candidates.
19. Preparation of Final Merit List prepared by concerned HQs.

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20. Issuance of Final Call up Letters.

21. Reporting to PMA Kakul Abbot Abad, Naval Academy
Minora, Karachi&Pakistan Air Force Academy,Asghar Khan
Resalpur for Training.

TOPIC No: 1

ISSUANCE OF CALL-UP LETTER FOR TESTS / INTERVIEWS FOR

CONCERNED ISSB AT KOHAT, GUJRANWALA, MALIR CANTT
KARACHI OR QUETTA

Once the candidate are cleared in all initial tests including academic, physical
efficiency, interviews and medical fitness tests fromconcerned Information &Selection
Centers of Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Air Force are issued with ISSB
Forms.The candidatesfill up those form and deposit at their respective Selection Centers.
After a few, the candidates would receive Call-up letters from ISSB Kohat for their
further tests at ISSB Gujranwala, Malir Cantt Karachi and Quetta.

TOPIC No: 2

REPORTING TO ALLOTTED ISSB

According to the call-up letters, the candidates must bring their necessary
educational certificates, degrees, necessary documents, luggage, dresses, shoes and other
kit items according to the list mentioned in the call letter. It is mandatory for all
candidates to bring the required articles with them before reporting. Consequently, the
candidate will report to their allotted ISSB centers for further test. Candidates are
welcomed by the staff of ISSB at nearest Railway Station or Bus Station (as designated
in Call-up letter) where the service buses will be available for the dropping of candidates
to the concerned ISSB.

TOPIC No: 3

DOCUMENTATION

Upon arrival to the main reception of ISSB, the candidates would be taken to
hall where the light refreshment along with a cup of tea would be served to the
newly arriving candidates and their necessary documentation will be carried out by
the staff of the concerned ISSB. Certain bio-data forms would be filled by the
candidates according to the instructions of the staff of ISSB deputed other there.

TOPIC No: 4

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ALLOTMENT OF HOUSES AND NECESSARY BRIEFINGS BY

ISSB STAFF

The staff of ISSB will allot rooms to the candidates in the designated houses
at concerned ISSB where the students will stay for 04 days and nights as an officer.
All the meals, food, bedding & kitting facilities will be provided by the concerned
ISSB. Further briefing regarding testing areas, timings, rules, regulations and other
orders will also be given by the staff to the candidates where& when to go or not.

TOPIC No: 5
ALLOCATION / ALLOTMENT OF CHEST NUMBERS

The GTO will issue (CHEST NUMBERS) to all candidates from Serial
Number 1 to……………. which will be the permanent identification of appearing
candidates. Theses chest numbers would remain displayed on the chest/back of
students during all tests. The candidates will be called with their Chest Numbers
not with personal names by their selectors and fellow candidates.

TOPIC No: 6

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT OR DEPUTY PRESIDENT TO

THE CANDIDATES

The President/ Commandant or Deputy President ISSB will address to

candidates in a testing hall and would brief them about the role and task of ISSB.
He will communicate them the testing or selection process of ISSB. He would tell
them the fair and transparent selection process at ISSB where no influence is
accepted from any side only the entire selection is carried on merit-based
according to the criteria laid down in ISSB.
TOPIC No: 7

INTELLIGENCE TESTS. (VERBAL TESTS)

All candidates are informed that the Learned Faculty of Shaheen Forces
Academy, Rawalpindi Pakistan has already served in Pakistan Defence Forces and
bears a vast experience of teaching, military training, coaching, online testing for
selection, tests designing, examination and evaluation for the selection process of
very suitable candidates.
The faculty has designed well-informative, comprehensive, thought-
provoking and ideal website for young matriculate, intermediate, Graduate and
Post-Graduate male/ female Pakistani young students who are highly desirous to
join Pakistan Defence Forces (Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Air
Force) as Civilian, Non-commissioned officer, Junior Commissioned officer or
Commissioned Officer.

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Please visit our website:-www.pakshaheens.com and YouTube Channel

(Shaheen Forces Academy) where more than 100 INTELLIGENCE TESTS
(VERBAL TESTS), ENGLISH, PHYSICS, MATHS, PERSONALITY,
PERSONALITY TESTS, INTERVIES, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE and
CURRENT AFFSAIRS are available for the preparation / online practice. The
continuous practice on these tests would take you towards 100 percent success
inshaa Allah because these tests have been prepared on the pattern of selection
tests which are being conducted at all Selection Centers of Pakistan Defence
Forces.

TOPIC No: 8

INTELLIGENCE TESTS. (NON-VERBAL TESTS)

All candidates are informed that the Learned Faculty of Shaheen Forces
Academy, Rawalpindi Pakistan has already served in Pakistan Defence Forces and
bears a vast experience of teaching, military training, coaching, online testing for
selection, tests designing, examination and evaluation for the selection process of
very suitable candidates.
The faculty has designed well-informative, comprehensive, thought-
provoking and ideal website for young matriculate, intermediate, Graduate and
Post-Graduate male / female Pakistani young students who are highly desirous to
join Pakistan Defence Forces (Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Air
Force) as Civilian, Non-commissioned officer, Junior Commissioned officer or
Commissioned Officer.
Please visit our website:-www.pakshaheens.com where 100 Intelligence
Tests (NO-VERBAL TESTS) are available for the preparation / online practice.
The continuous practice on these tests would take you towards 100 percent success
inshaa Allah because these tests have been prepared on the pattern of selection
tests which are being conducted at all Selection Centers of Pakistan Defence
Forces.

TOPIC No: 9
MECHANICAL APTITUDE TEST.
All candidates are informed that the Learned Faculty of Shaheen Forces
Academy, Rawalpindi Pakistan has already served in Pakistan Defence Forces and
bears a vast experience of teaching, military training, coaching, online testing for
selection, tests designing, examination and evaluation for the selection process of
very suitable candidates.
The faculty has designed well-informative, comprehensive, thought-
provoking and ideal website for young matriculate, intermediate, Graduate and
Post-Graduate male / female Pakistani young students who are highly desirous to
join Pakistan Defence Forces (Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy and Pakistan Air
Force) as Civilian, Non-commissioned officer, Junior Commissioned officer or
Commissioned Officer.

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Please visit our website:-www.pakshaheens.com where (MECHANICAL

APPTITUDE TESTS) are available for the preparation / online practice. The
continuous practice on these tests would take you towards 100 percent success
inshaa Allah because these tests have been prepared on the pattern of selection
tests which are being conducted at all Selection Centers of Pakistan Defence
Forces.

TOPIC No: 10
PERSONALITY TESTS
ENGLISH SENTENCE COMPLETION TESTS
Sentence Completion (English) - 26x Sentences - Time 6 Mins
Sentence Completion (English) - 26x Sentences - Time 6 Mins

English Sentence Completion Test-1 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

1. The best part--------------

2. His friends are------------------
3. For me it is important that------------
4. When he failed he tried to-------------------
5. Sitting alone he----------------------------
6. Almost every year he---------------
7. He dislikes to---------------------------
8. If you insult him-----------------
9. He always hated to----------------
10. The fact is----------------------
11. My father is Always----------------
12. It is very seldom that he----------------
13. His heart sank because
14. I always feel-------------------
15. It is quite accurate to say-------------------
16. We might invite---------------
17. He wanted to say----------------------
18. He was very serious------------------
19. In his heart-----------------
20. It seems as if-----------------------
21. His parents-------------
22. In alone---------------
23. Girls were------------------------
24. If you have money------------------------
25. One day--------------------
26. I think I can--------------

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English Sentence Completion Test-2 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

1. Evil spirits has evil thinking.

2. When he feels angry he goes to garden.
3. At night there were stars on the sky.
4. His attitude show the positive and make him strong.
5. He cools down when he got angry.
6. His biggest sin is based on false statement.
7. When is agony someone never lose hope.
8. During trouble he never lose hope and help others.
9. When he became poor he will rise again.
10. The income tax raid was too sudden for the man to escape
11. His problems is solved by himself.
12. His greatest desire is to survive for Pak force.
13. When he has power he helps needy/poor.
14. Relation of man and woman is husband and wife.
15. His love for country is true.
16. In darkness he try to sleep.
17. The greatest worry is judgment of the last day of life.
18. His habits are help needy.
19. The spare time can be used for study.
20. The family planning is under the world health organization.
21. The easiest thing in life is think about family.
22. Present education system is computerize.
23. His mood depends on situation.
24. In the hospital many patients treated well
25. On seeing the blood he took the first aid box.
26. He came to know that he has passed the exam.

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English Sentence Completion Test-3 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

1. He is able to face difficulties.

2. To achieve his proposal he work hard for company.
3. He dislikes to do hurts others.
4. In the end he completed assignment work.
5. The most valuable thing in life is parents love.
6. It is quite naturalthat the sunshines.
7. His mistake can be difficult for other colleague.
8. The pay is of his hard work.
9. You should remember that practice makes man perfect.
10. When he became rich he helped poor more.
11. He offered me to study together.
12. During his childhood he was naughty.
13. Although he was young yet he is good.
14. It is impossible for me to hurt someone as known.
15. My future will shine.
16. His attention his workhard to achieve goal.
17. I have never done horse riding.
18. It is part of life to face difficulties.
19. He enjoysto play cricket.
20. Secret of life never tell others.
21. Poor people are mostly pure heart.
22. Social behavior should be good for everyone.
23. His wish is keep happy to his family.
24. His friends are very cooperative.
25. Religious duties are protect religion.
26. Normal character should be positive attitude.

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English Sentence Completion Test-4 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

1. Social behavior should be good for everyone.

2. His wish is keep happy to his family.
3. His friends are very cooperative.
4. Religious duties are protect religion.
5. Money is to buy needy things.
6. His honoris his education.
7. Bad habits can keep bad way to person.
8. In his house there is garden beside.
9. Logical thinkingresolve every difficulty.
10. Life teach everything which you can teach from book.
11. In his young age he start business.
12. Ups and downs are part of life.
13. He loves his family.
14. It is due to work hard.
15. My greatest fear is from Allah.
16. Hard work can never you loss hope.
17. I daily read newspaper.
18. Our education system is growing.
19. I seldom think about my future.
20. Man should respect woman.
21. Modern Science rise from Quran.
22. I regret to refuse him.
23. At midnight he feel thirsty.
24. Memories of youth remains forever.
25. He has suffered from fever.
26. The false statement should not be spoken.

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English Sentence Completion Test-5 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

1. His blood saved a life.

2. People were moving to the office at morning time.
3. When in trouble don’t loss your hopes.
4. Character of girl is so positive.
5. Hard work is key to success.
6. One day he went Saudi Arabia.
7. Leaders should sincere.
8. He saw a lion.
9. Garden is very beautiful.
10. Life is the name of continuous struggle.
11. Bad habits should be removed.
12. His mistakes made him successful.
13. He offered me to pray.
14. Character of everyone should be good.
15. He forced me to play cricket.
16. My aim is to join Pak army.
17. I am interested in to get higher education.
18. He admitted his mistake.
19. He wants to win match.
20. He is able to understand every problem.
21. The best time of my life was childhood.
22. He loved to singing
23. Ali is coming to our place.
24. I am going to the university.
25. Maria loves to read books.
26. The singer is singing nicely.

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TOPIC No: 11
PERSONALITY TESTS
URDUSENTENCE COMPLETION TESTS
Sentence Completion (Urdu) - 26x Sentences - Time 6 Mins
Sentence Completion (Urdu) - 26x Sentences - Time 6 M

Urdu Sentence Completion Test-1 : Time Allowed 06 Mts

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TOPIC No: 12
WORDS ASSOCIATION TEST NO-1
In this test candidate has to make sentences with words displayed on projector.
Number of words are 100 and time duration between two words is 9-10 seconds. Following are
the most popular words used in I.S.S.B.

1. Accept 2. Work 3. Atom 4.Country 5. Army

6. Step 7. Company8.Love9.Duty 10. Girl

11. Eat 12. Decide 13. Beat 14. Fight 15. Lie

16. Give 17. Enjoy 18. Bright 19.Careful 20. Success

21. Trust 22. Solve 23. Story 24. Break 25. Fear

26. Defeat 27. Enemy 28.Garden 29.Faith 30. Help

31. Cinema 32. Money 33. Peace 34. Fine 35. Daley

36. Character 37. Travel 38.Money 39. Peace 40. Fine

41. Delay 42. Travel 43.Ghost 44.Respect 45. Duty

46. Life 47. Poor 48.Use 49. Climb 50. Problem

51. Attempt 52. Happy 53.Books 54.Rest 55. Short

56. Design 57. Co-operative 58.Discipline` 59.Pain 60. Plan

61. Step 62. Climb 63. Life 64. Win 65.Honesty

66. Machine 67. Afraid 68. Lead 69. Think 70. Hobby

71. Obtain 72. Idea 73.Religion 74. Morality75.Innovation

76. Beat 77. Punctuality 78.Continuous 79. Protect 80. Task

81. Slip 82. Drop 83. Snake 84. Award 85. Achieve

86. Assist 87. Action 88. Agree 89. Avoid 90. Alone

91. Ambition 92. Appeal 93.Air 94.Arrived 95. Bad

96. Blood 97. Book 98.Beautiful 99. Cut 100. Copy

WORDS ASSOCIATION TEST-2

1. Attack 2.Playground 3. Secure 4. Unfair 5.Democracy

6.Home 7. Fellow 8.Responsibility 9.Sister 10.Award

11.Afraid 12. Dictatorship 13.Love 14.Project 15.Withdraw

16.Interest 17. Save 18. Sports 19.Regular 20.Defeat

21. Able 22. Sick 23.Responsible 24.Advantage 25.Snake

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26. Excuse 27. War 28. Tried 29.Climb 30. Music

31. Luck 32. Alone 33.Boat 34. Now 35.Use

36. Knife 37. Father 38.Failure 39.Tie 40. Help

41. Encourage 42. System 43.Science 44.Flow 45. Win

46. Danger 47. Make 48. Peace 49. Light 50. Weak

51. Family 52. Work 53. Sky 54.Pressure 55.Old

56. Officer 57. Difficulty 58.Goal 59.Dig 60. Future

61. Agree 62. Health 63.Busy 64.Sink 65. Possible

66. Sad 67. Impossible 68.Mother 69.Co-operative 70.Run

71. Soldier 72. Lonely 73.Save 74. Change 75.Risk

76. Can not 77. Affection 78.Region 79.Coward 80.Job

81. Drink 82. Sympathy 83.Urge 84. Decide 85.Bold

86. Begin 87. Company 88.False 89.Rest 90.Job

91. Holiday 92. Courage 93.Knowledge 94. Avoid 95. Need

96. Discipline 97. Meet 98. Sleep 99. Shine 100. Advice

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TOPIC No: 13
PICTURE STORY WRITING

4X Picture Stories Half minutes is given for thinking a theme and 3.5 Mins
for writing
Each story.
STORY WRITING TIPS
Some points to keep in mind while writing a story, how to attempt them,
what to write in those stories. Here are following:

1. Take a while to actually think of a story before stating to write.5 to 10 sec

are enough if you have practiced at your home. Those who don’t practice sit idle
for 30 sec but still can’t come up with a plot for the story. "Practice makes a man
perfect".

2. Do not write childish stories like " She was walking alone on a road at night
when all of a sudden..... a lion came before her and she started screaming then
superman came for her rescue" Try to make a little bit practical stories like "she
saw an army jeep coming towards her, it stopped near her and a major came out, he
asked what are you doing out so late, she told that her father is sick at home and all
of the family is out of town, she couldn't find anyone to help so she took the
courage and went on her own to go to nearby Cantonment hospital, Major made a
wireless call for an ambulance and took the girl to her home to her father.
Ambulance came and took him to hospital and he recovered".

3. This story although is quite short and does not satisfy the few rules ill
mention but it makes a negative situation quite positive, clears any doubts, and
shows courage and decision making ability.

4. As sentence story more difficult than picture story. Because in picture story u
can carve out anything.

5. In case of picture story you need to look at the picture, think of something
relating to the situation. Try to include each and every character in the picture and
the surroundings.

6. Usually the following sequence is adopted...

first 2 ,3 lines give an introduction of the main character and PAST.

2, 3 lines tell about the PRESENT and what is happening in the picture and the last
2 3 lines tell about some positive future happening from this scene.

7. Usually ISSB repeater candidates observed that similar psychology test and
the picture showed a boy sitting on stairs.

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8. You would have to write 5 to 6 stories in total, Do not include Army in all
the stories. At maximum include army/navy /air force in 3 stories. Like in above
example you can write, he joined armed forces of Pakistan.

9. Try to include something of your past in the stories, to make them more real.
Like some candidate may be included 5th class because he got a scholarship and he
did mention it in his bio data form, meaning that he has to relate himself to them.

10. Try to avoid accidents, tragedy, death, anti-state argument in the stories.

11. The most important series of tests of ISSB psychology assessment demands
the candidates to write stories. These are not the stories what we read in childhood
but stories which demand concentration and serious mindset. These stories clearly
put our thoughts and perceptions on paper and help psychologist make assessment
of what we are. Story writing tests are divided into two parts.

12. In the first part they are shown an image which is mostly a sketch, consisting
of some characters or objects. It is in Pakistani terms called story writing test. But
its actual psychology name is "Thematic Appriciation Test". ISSB psychologist are
asked to look at it carefully for 30 seconds and then we are given 30 more seconds
to think of a story which describes the situation in that picture. After that 3 and half
min are given to us to write a story on that scene which we have just seen.

HELPFUL TIPS FOR PICTURE STORY WRITING IN ISSB

1. Make an idea for pointer story writing in given 30 seconds.
2. Relate your story with the incomplete sentence given.
3. Write stories on two different themes for two different incomplete sentences and
not matching with picture stories also.
4. Do not exceed 12 lines for a story.
5. Write story on your own ideas and do not copy others ideas.
6. Start your story exactly from the word where incomplete sentence ends.
Here are a few examples:

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>

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TOPIC No: 14
POINTER STORIES PART 2-TIME 4 MINUTES

For 02 Pointer stories Half minutes (30 Seconds) is given for thinking a theme
and (3.5 Mins) for writingof each story.

In the other type of story writing test, you are given a statement, a sentence of
some sort which is incomplete, giving you a vague idea about some situation, and
you have to continue on wards and make a story out of it.

1. He worked hard day and night but he could not pay expenses of his family
then he decided to_____________________.
2. On thunder storm night she is alone at all on road but
suddenly____________________
3. He joined the service to earn money but when he became a leader of men-
____________.
4. He had suffered many hardships in life and had lostall hope but
___________________.
5. After seeing her, he could not resist and ________________.
6. He worked hard day and night but he could not pay expenses of his family
then he decided to____________________________.
7. On thunder storm night she is alone at all on road but suddenly
________________.
8. He joined the service to earn money but when he became a leader of
men__________________________.
9. At the night he was awakened by______________________.

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10.If you were given Rs million_________________.

11.He won a price worth of 10 million Then__________________.
12.Ramzan being in his youth feel that______________________-.
13.All was sitting with his friends__________________.
14.Ali was travelling when he suddenly heard a bang_______________.
15.Their relations took new turn when_________________-.
16.He could not stand firm________________________.
17.Lust for power and money made him_______________________.
18.Ups and downs of life made him___________________________.
19.In all his misery______________________.
20.His life became miserable when______________________________.
21.Their relations were very good but suddenly____________________.
22.Their relations changed when_________________________.
23.He was inclined towards religion________________________.
24.He was tense and upset_______________________.
25.Her life was glamorous till______________________.
26.She always thought about__________________________.

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TOPIC No: 15
SELF DESCRIPTION
Timings
Merits - 4 Mins
Demerits - 4 Mins

The candidates will be given 4 minutes for writing of merits and 4 minutes
for writing of their demerits. They are to endorse / write their merit and demerits
according to their own point of view, parents, close friends, relatives, teachers and
opponents / enemies.The candidates are cautioned to keep the following important
points while writing their merits and demerit:-
1. Please do not tell a lie.
2. Always speak truth.
3. Write your good qualities if you possess in your personality very truly.
4. Do not exaggerate in writing of your merits.
5. Avoid over acting.
6. Always display the good aspects of your personality.
7. Do not write your demerits which hit your character directly, for example
ifs you were involved in immoral activities unfortunately then there is no
need to mention such nasty things in your personality traits.
8. Always show that you are positive in approach. Be optimistic.
9. Do not show negative areas of your personality and don’t be pessimist.
10. Always prove and show your sincere, deep and true love and affection
for your country and love for the Defence Forces of Pakistan.
11. Always be a patriotic Pakistani and true Muslim in all circumstances.
12. Curb and condemn the trends of anti-state, anti-defence forces and anti-
Islam at all levels.
* Remember that all your merits and demerits would be assessed, checked,
analyzed and examined by your Psychologists in Psychological dimensions and
finally by the interviewing officers as well.

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TOPIC No: 16
GTO (GROUP TESTING OFFICER)TASKS
(INDOOR TESTS)

(a) Distribution in Groups

GTO will distribute the class in group consisting of 7 to 9 candidates.

One group of candidates will be dealt / controlled by single GTO.

(b) Briefing by the GTO

The GTO will give briefing to the candidates about all indoor and
outdoor tasks. It is very important for all candidates to listen the briefing
of GTO for good performance in all forthcoming tests.

(c) Military Planning

It is principle of life that no work can be done successfully without an

advance and proper planning. The GTO will bring all candidates to room
where a big table would be lying. First of all the GTO will tell / brief the
group about a mission to be completed by this group. He may ask
questions about such planning from each and every candidate to tell his
planning about the said mission.

It’s mandatory for all candidates to be highly conversant and trained

in military planning. Before joining to ISSB, one must be well-prepared
in the aspect of Planning Ability.

(d) Group Discussions on English / Urdu Topics.

The GTO will bring all candidates in an office where round table
alongwith chairs would be available. On the instructions of GTO, the
candidates will sit around the table. The topics of English will be given to
the candidates for discussion and arguments. The GTO will be sitting a
side to assess and speaking power, subject command, art of public
speaking, convincing arguments and different ways of talking of
students. These topics would be English and Urdu languages. Some of
the candidates would be speaking in favour of topic and some would be
arguing against others point of views. Some important points must be
kept in mind during the said group discussions:-

1. You must have sufficient and concrete knowledge about topic.

2. Try to start in the beginning of the discussion.
3. Always opt only one option, either in favour or against the topic.
4. Do not interfere with other arguments.

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5. Do not cut the talk of other talks and ongoing arguments.

6. Always give positive, authoritative and convincing arguments.
7. Do not tell lies at all including history, religion and universal truths
at any cost.
8. Be logical in your approach.
9. Do not quarrel with others.
10.Be patient and listen others as well.
11. Avoid to be silent during all discussions.
12. Never feel hesitation.
13. Be fluent in your spoken.
14. Pronounce your words in a well way.
15. Speak very clearly and loudly.
16. Try to understand the arguments of others in a better way.
17.Rebut them with your logical approach and high confidence.

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TOPIC No: 17
GTO (GROUP TESTING OFFICER)TASKS
(OUTDOOR TASKS)

(a) Progressive Group Task. (PGT). The GTO will take the
candidates to the designated Outdoor Task Areas and would brief them
about the Progressive Group Task. There will some planks, ropes, drums,
hurdles, bricks, blocks and fixed pipe angles. Candidates are work in
group collectively by cooperating each other in the completion of task.

Certain areas and points are marked as “OUT OF BOUND” which not
to be touched otherwise foul will be counted on the part of defaulters.
Moreover, “IN BOUND”areas are well defined by the GTO which can be
touched and used for the completion of task within the stipulated time.

The candidates are to display / show the team work and mutual
cooperation, helping others, avoiding mistakes, without making noise,
active, submissive and quick approach. The GTO will analyses / assess
the group work, mutual cooperation and participation of all candidates.

(b) Semi / Half Group Task. (SGT / HGT). The GTO will take the
candidates to the designated Outdoor Task Areas and would brief them
about the Half Group Task. There will some planks, ropes, drums,
hurdles, bricks, blocks and fixed pipe angles. Candidates are work in
group collectively by cooperating each other in the completion of task.

Certain areas and points are marked as “OUT OF BOUND” which not
to be touched otherwise foul will be counted on the part of defaulters.
Moreover, “IN BOUND” areas are well defined by the GTO which can
be touched and used for the completion of task within the stipulated time.

The candidates are to display / show the team work and mutual
cooperation, helping others, avoiding mistakes, without making noise,
active, submissive and quick approach. The GTO will analyses / assess
the group work, mutual cooperation and participation of all candidates.

(c) Formal Interview by GTO before Command Task. Formal

interview will be taken by the GTO during walking in the task area. Some question
of personal bio-data may be asked.

(d) Command Task. (CT). Now the GTO will nominate one candidate
as Commander of the said group. He will the task briefing to the Commander of
the Group to get the task done by the group successfully within stipulated time.
Actually the GTO want analyze the “Commanding Ability” of the candidate. All
the candidates are given a chance to be a commander and to get the “Command
Task” done by the commander and his group.

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(d) Individual Obstacles. There are nine obstacles which are to be

done by the candidate. The aim of these obstacles is to check the physical fitness,
endurance, running speed, height phobia, stamina and techniques of a candidate. A
candidate must be physically fit and having strong stamina to fulfill the obstacles.
These are following obstacles:-

1. Zig Zag.
2. Monkey Bridge.
3. Tarzan Swing.
4. Boxing Ring.
5. Rope Climbing.
6. Ditch Crossing.
7. Passing through Tyre.
8. Crossing of wooden pole having height of 10 feet.
9. High Jump.
(e) Mutual Assessment by the Candidates in Group. At the end
of all outdoor and indoor tasks, the GTO will give a slip to all candidates
to write the performance of group fellows according to their assessment
and evaluation and every candidate will give position to others in the
group starting from 1 to 9. The candidates must give accurate positions to
other fellows very honestly so that the observance of justice and
observation power must be assessed in befitting manners.

TOPIC No: 18
PREPARATION FOR INTERVIEW
Basic Information About Pakistan
Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Independence Day 14 August 1947
Government Parliamentary form
Emblem Faith, Unity, Discipline
National Language Urdu
Official Language English
National Poet Allama Dr Muhammad Iqbal
National Anthem Hafeez Jalandhary
National Animal Markhor
National Bird Chakor
National Flower Jasmine
National Tree Deodar
National Sports Hockey
National Dress Shalwar Qameez
National Juice Sugarcane Juice

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Literacy Rate 53%

Federal Minister Portfolio

1 Mr. Ghulam Sarwar Khan Aviation Division
2 Mr. Murad Saeed Communications
3 Mr. Pervez Khattak Defence
4 Ms. Zubaida Jalal Defence Production
5 Makhdoom Khusro Bukhtiar Economic Affair
6 Mr. Shafqat Mahmood Federal Education, Professional Training,
National Heritage and Culture
7 Dr. Mohammad Farogh Naseem Federal Minister of Law and Justice
8 Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi Foreign Affairs
9 Chaudhary Tariq Bashir Cheema Housing and Works
10 Dr. Shireen M. Mazari Human Rights
11 Mr. Muhammad Hammad Azhar Industries and Production
12 Syed Shibli Faraz Information and Broadcasting
13 Syed Amin Ul Haque Information Technology & Telecom
14 Dr. Fehmida Mirza Inter-Provincial Coordination
15 Mr. Ijaz Ahmad Shah Minister of state for Interior
16 Mr. Ali Amin Khan Gandapur Kashmir Affairs & Gilgit Baltistan
17 Syed Ali Haider Zaidi Maritime Affairs
18 Muhammad Azam Khan Swati Narcotics Control
19 Syed Fakhar Imam National Food Security and Research
20 Mr. Asad Umer Planning, Development and Special Initiative
21 Mr. Omar Ayub Khan Power Division and Petroleum Division
22 Mr. Muhammad Mian Soomro Privatization
23 Sheikh Rashid Ahmed Interior Minister
24 Mr. Noor-Ul-Haq Qadri Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony
25 Mr. Fawad Ahmed Science and Technology
26 Sahibzada M. Mehboob Sultan States and frontier regions
27 Mr. Muhammad Faisal Waadda Water Resources
28 Ali Amin Khan Gandapur Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit Baltistan
29. Muhammad Mian Soomro Privatizations

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS
Province Governors Chief Ministers
Punjab Ch Muhammad Sarvar Usman Buzdar
Sindh Imran Ismail Syed Murad Ali Shah

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Balochistan Justice R.Aman Ullah Jam Kamal

KPK Shah Farman Mahmood Khan
Gilgit-Baltistan Raja Jalal Hussain Hafiz Hafeez ur Rehman

PRESIDENTS OF PAKISTAN
1st: Maj Gen Sikandar Mirza
Present: Arif Alvi

PRIME MINISTERS OF PAKISTAN

1st: Khan Liaquat Ali Khan
Present: Imran Khan
AZAD KASHMIR
President: Sardar Masood Khan
Prime Minister: Raja Muhammad Farooq Haider Khan
CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF
1st:General Frank Masservy
Present: General Qamar Jawed Bajwa
CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF
1st: Vice Admiral Jafford James
Present: Admiral Niazi
CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF
1st: Air Vice Marshal Allan Perry Keane
Present: Air chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan
CHAIRMAN JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF COMMITTEE
1st: General Muhammad Sharif
Present: General Nadeem Raza
CHIEF JUSTICE OF PAKISTAN
1st: Justice Sir Mian Abdul Rashid
Present: Justice Gulzar Ahmed
MISC
Governor State Bank of Pakistan: Reza Baqir
Chairman Senate: Sadiq Sanjrani
Speaker of National Assembly: Asad Qaiser
Deputy Speaker: Qasim Khan Suri

GOVERNOR GENERALS OF PAKISTAN

 Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam) Father of the Nation. 1947 To 1948
 Khawaja Nazimuddin. 1948 To1951
 Malik Ghulam Mohammad. 1951 To 1955

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 Maj. General Isakandar Mirza. 1955 To 1956

CHIEF MARTIAL LAW ADMINISTRATORS

1. Field Marshal Ayub Khan (1958-1962): held the post under President Iskander Mirza.
2. General Yahya Khan (1969–71): held the post from 25 March 1969 to 1971,
simultaneously served as the President of Pakistan.
3. Lieutenant-General A. A. K. Niazi (1971): was appointed Chief Martial Law
Administrator of East Pakistan in 1971 by Yahya Khan.
4. Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan (1969-1971): was appointed Chief Martial Law
Administrator of West Pakistan in 1969 and of East Pakistan in 1971 by Yahya Khan.
5. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1971–73): became the first civilian to hold this post in Pakistan after
the Bangladesh Liberation War.
6. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1977–88): held this office under President Fazal Elahi
Chaudhry after overthrowing Prime Minister Bhutto.
7. General Pervez Musharraf (1999–2002): held this office under President Rafiq Tarar,
although it was styled as "Chief Executive of Pakistan."

DISTRICTS OF BALOCHISTAN

1. District at a glance Ziarat

2. District at a glance Zhob
3. District at a glance Sibi
4. District at a glance Quetta
5. District at a glance Pishin
6. District at a glance Panjgur
7. District at a glance Nasirabad
8. District at a glance Musakhel
9. District at a glance Mastung
10. District at a glance Loralai
11. District at a glance Lasbela
12. District at a glance Kohlui
13. District at a glance Qilla Saifullah
14. District at a glance Qilla Abdullah
15. District at a glance Khuzdar
16. District at a glance Kharan
17. District at a glance Kech
18. District at a glance Kalat
19. District at a glance Jhal Magsi
20. District at a glance Jaffarabad
21. District at a glance Gwadar
22. District at a glance Dera Bugti
23. District at a glance Chagai
24. District at a glance Bolan
25. District at a glance Barkhan
26. District at a glance Awaran
27. District at a glance Washuk
28. District at a glance Punjgur

FIRST IN PAKISTAN

Fatima Jinnah was dentist by profession.

Pakistan opened its first embassy in Iran

Egypt was first to open its embassy in Pakistan.

Iran was first to recognize Pakistan.

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First state to join Pakistan was Bahawalpur,1954.

The first constitution of Pakistan was enforced on March 23,1956.

First lady Federal Minister Vikarun Nisa Noor (Tourism).

First Lady Governor Rana Liaquat Ali (Sindh) 1973-1976

First Women University Fatima Jinnah Women University is located in Rawalpindi.

First daily newspaper is Amroz 1947.

First Muslim Commander in Chief of Pak was FM Ayub khan.

First president of AJK, Sardar Ibrahim Khan.

First TV station was setup at Lahore on 26 Nov 1964.

Dr Fahmida Mirza was the first female National Assembly Speaker.

First to receive Nishan-e-Haider was Capt Sarwar Shaheed.

First lady General: Dr Shahida Malik.

First constructed barrage: Sukkur Barrage.

First atomic power station of Pakistan was installed in Karachi.

First Democratic Election in Pakistan (7 Dec 1970)

First woman captain of Pakistan cricket team is Shaiza Said Khan.

Dawn newspaper was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

DAMS

The Mangla Dam is a multipurpose dam located on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of
Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. It is the seventh largest dam in the world.

Miraani Dam , Dasht River south of the Central Makran Range in Kech District in Balochistan
province of Pakistan.

Khanpur Dam is near Haripuron Haro River.

Hub Dam is a reservoir on the Hub River. It is situated 56 km from Karachi

city in Karachi and Lasbela Districts on Sindh and Balochistan provinces border.
Tarbela Dam is an earth-filled dam along the Indus River in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province. Located in the Haripur mainly and in some area of Swabi of the province.It is the
largest earth-filled dam in the world, and also the largest dam by structural volume.
Subakzai Dam is in Balochistan (Zhob).
Warsak Dam(Smallest dam) is in KPK near Peshawar on Kabul river.
FORTS
ROHTAS FORT
This is a 16th-century fortress located near Jhelum. It was built during the rule of Sher Shah
Suri between 1541 and 1548 to ward off rebellious tribes of the Potohar region

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BALA HISSAR CASTLE

This fort which was once used as a royal winter residence for the Duranni Empire is located in
Peshawar. It has completely been renovated and is currently in use by the Pakistan Frontier
Corps.
DERAWAR FORT
Qilla Derawar is a magnificent beauty in the Cholistan Desert. It is located 130 km south of the
city of Bahawalpur. The best time to see it is in Febuary during the famous jeep rally. Its forty
bastions are visible for miles in the desert.
LAHORE FORT
This is a citadel in the city of Lahore, located at the northern end of the famous walled city.
RANIKOT FORT
Sindh too has its own share of fort glory in the form of Ranikot, largest fort which is located near
Sann in Jamshoro District.
RAMKOT FORT
Ramkot Fort is an ancient fort in Azad Kashmir providing stunning views of the Mangla Dam.
MOUNTAIN RANGES
Following are the mountain ranges that are fully or partially included in Pakistan:

 Karakoram, including the world's second-highest peak, K2 (8,611 m or 28,251 ft)

 Himalayas; second highest peak in Pakistan is Nanga Parbat (8,126 metres (26,660 ft)
 Mount Everest is in Himalaya range.
 Hindu Kush; highest peak is Tirich Mir (7,690 metres (25,230 ft)).
 Hindu Raj in northern Pakistan, part of the eastern Hindu Kush.
 Spīn Ghar, starting from Tora Bora on the border with eastern Afghanistan west of
the Khyber Pass.
 Sulaiman Mountains; highest peak is Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487 metres (11,440 ft)).
 Salt Range, a hill system in the Punjab Province that is abundant in salt; highest peak
is Sakaser (1,522 metres (4,993 ft))
 Margalla Hills in Punjab whose highest peak is Tilla Charouni.(1,604 metres (5,262 ft))
 Toba Kakar, a southern offshoot of the Hindu Kush in Balochistan
 Makran Range, a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan
near the coast of the Arabian Sea. The narrow coastal plain rises very rapidly into several
mountain ranges.
 Ras Koh Range
 Chagai Range
 Kirthar Range located along the Balochistan and Sindh provincial border.
 Largest glacier of Pakistan is Siachen.
 Khyber pass connects Peshawar -Kabul.
 The highest point of the Khyber Pass is Landi Kotal.

LAKES

Khanjer is the largest manmade lake in Pakistan.(Sindh)

Manchar Lake is the biggest lake of Pakistan(Sindh)

Saiful Muluk lake is near Naran(District Mansswhra)

Sat Para Lake is near Skardu.

Banjosa Lake is an artificial lake and is near Rawalakot.(District Poonch)

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DESERTS
Largest desert is Thar(Sindh),adjacent to India.

Cholistan desert is in Bahawalpur district.

Thal desert is situated in Punjab(Bhakkar,Khushab,Mianwali,Layyah, Muzaffargarh as well as

Jhang).

RIVERS

The name 'Punjab' — 'panj' meaning five and 'aab' meaning water. The five rivers of Pakistan are
Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sultej and Indus.

River Jhelum is nearly 774 kilometres long and is the tributary of River Chenab. Jhelum
originates from the south-eastern part of Kashmir valley and flows through Srinagar before
entering Pakistan. Along its journey, it is joined by the largest tributary of the Neelam River near
Muzaffarabad.

Sutlej flows through the historic crossroad region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. It is
located north of the Vindhya Range, south of the Hindu Kush segment of the Himalayas, and
east of the Central Sulaiman Range in Pakistan. Some 550 kilometres long, Sutlej is also called
as the Red River.

Chenab flows through Jammu and Kashmir.Chenab River is nearly 960 kilometres long.

River Ravi, like many other rivers of the region, originates in the Himalayas. After it flows
through south-west region of Indian Punjab, it moves along the Indo-Pak border and enters
Pakistan and merges with Chenab. River Ravi is nearly 720 kilometres long. It's also called 'The
river of Lahore' since the city of Lahore is located at Ravi's eastern bank.

The Indus river is the longest river in Pakistan, originating from the Himalayan region. It is also
the world's 21st largest river in terms of annual water flow. With a total length of 3,180
kilometres, it is also Pakistan's lifeline.

Indus River originates from the Tibetan plateau near Lake Mansarovar in China. It then runs
through Jammu and Kashmir, enters the Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly Northern Areas of Pakistan)
region and flows through the entire length of the country and merges with the Arabian Sea.

BORDERS
Length of Pak-India border is 1,610 km.

Length of Pak-Iran border is 805 km.

Length of Pak China border is 595 km.

Length of Pak-Afghan border is 2250 km or 1300 miles.

Durand line is b/w Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Pakistan has its longest boundary with Afghanistan.

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Miscellaneous Knowledge

 Larges Oil refinery: Pak-Arab Oil refinery

 Rad-ul-Fasad means “Elimination of strife.”

 Biggest mosque in Pakistan: Faisal Mosque Islamabad

 Tallest building of Pakistan: Muslim commercial Bank Building (Karachi)

 Oldest forest of Pakistan: Janipur (Founded between Loralai And Ziarat)

 Longest Motorway in Pakistan: M-8

 Biggest Hockey Stadium of Pakistan: National Hockey Stadium Lahore

 Biggest industry of Pakistan: Textile

 Biggest industrial unit in public sector: Pakistan Steel Mills

 Longest railway tunnel in Pakistan: Khojak

 Longest tunnel: Lawari Tunnel

 Province which have longest coastline: Baluchistan

 Largest language: Punjabi (48)

 Pakistan’s largest museum: Karachi museum

 Biggest park in Pakistan: Ayub National park

 Larges Dam in Pakistan: Terbela Dam

 Largest Earth filled Dam in Pakistan: Terbela Dam

 Oldest Nuclear reactor of Pakistan: Karachi nuclear power plant (1972)

 Biggest fort of Pakistan: Rani Kot Fort (Haiderabad)

 Oldest fort of Pakistan: Daraward Fort

 Coldest place in Pakistan: Skardu

 Highest dam in Pakistan: Mangla Dam

 Highest & longest glacier of Pakistan: Siachen

 Largest Island of Pakistan: Manora

 Oldest Barrage of Pakistan: Sukkur Barrage

 Highest mountain peak: K-2 (8611 meter or 28251)

 Highest railway station of Pakistan: Khan Mehtarzai

 Highest Road: Sharah-e-Karakorm (Sharah Resham)

 Oldest news agency of Pakistan: APP (Associate Press of Pakistan)

 Biggest cricket stadium of Pakistan: National Stadium Karachi

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 Largest shipping company of Pakistan: Pakistan national Shipping Corporation

 Largest university of Pakistan: Punjab University

 Largest (biggest) province by area: Baluchistan

 Biggest province by population: Punjab

 Biggest library found in Pakistan: Punjab Library

 Biggest airline of Pakistan: PIA

 Biggest railway workshop in Pakistan: Mughalpura (Lahore)

 Largest city of Pakistan: Karachi

 Largest District of Pakistan: Chaghi

 Biggest desert found in Pakistan: Thar

 Highest battle field in Pakistan: Siachin Glacier

 Hottest place in Pakistan: Jacobabad

 Biggest airport of Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Airport Karachi

 Biggest Commercial Bank of Pakistan: Habib Bank Limited

 Biggest Barrage of Pakistan: Sukkur Barrage (1932)

 Oldest airline of Pakistan: Orient Airline

 Oldest private Airline of Pakistan: Hajvery Airline

 Largest & longest river: Indus (2896 Km) 1800 miles

 Biggest man-made lake found in Pakistan: Keenjhar Lake (Thatha)
 Biggest natural lake in Pakistan: Manchar Lake (Dadu)

 Pakistan’s largest Stock Exchange: Karachi

 Highest pass: Mustagh Pass (6000 meters)

 Biggest Gas field: Sui Gas field

 Biggest hydroelectric power station: Tarbela Dam

 Largest jungle of Pakistan: Changa Manga

 Highest military award: Nishan-e-Haider

 Highest civil award: Nishan-e- Pakistan

 The Longest Coastal area in Pakistan: Balochistan (771 kms long) (total 1046 km)

 The Longest Frontier: Pakistan-Afghanistan border |(2252 kms)

 The Longest Railways Platform: Rohri (Sindh) Length, 1,896 feet

 The Longest Railway Track in Pakistan: Karachi to Landi Kotal

 The Longest Road in Pakistan: Karachi to Peshawar

 The Longest Tunnel (Railway) in Pakistan: Khojak Balochistan (Length 2.43 miles)

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 The Longest Tunnel in Pakistan: Lowari (Length 5 miles)

 The Longest (Water) in Pakistan: Warsak Dam Tunnel (Length 3.5 miles)

 The Tallest Tower in Pakistan: Minar-e-Pakistan (Hight 196 feet 8 inches)

 The Tallest Minaret in Pakistan: Four minarets of Shah Faisal Mosque with a height
of 286 feet each.

 The Tallest Mountain Pass Pakistan: Muztagh Pass (Nothern Areas) height 19,030 ft

 The Tallest Mountain Peak Pakistan: K-2 (Karakoram) height 28,269 feet

 The Tallest Railway Station Pakistan: Khan Mehtarzai (height 2,221 feet)

 The area lowest rainfall in Pakistan: Nokkundi

 The oldest Pakistani TV Station in located in: Lahore

 Largest mobile company in Pakistan: Mobilink

 Largest sector of Pakistan’s economy: Agriculture sector
 Largest radio station in Pakistan: Islamabad

 Largest Division of Pakistan: Kalat

 Smallest Division of Pakistan: Karachi

 Shortest river of Pakistan: Ravi River

 Largest Hospital in Pakistan: Nishtar Hospital Multan

 Largest Trade partner of Pakistan: USA

 Lowest point below the sea level in Pakistan: Indian Ocean

 Biggest Thermal power station founded in Pakistan: Kot Addou

 Biggest export item in Pakistan: Textile (Cotton)

 Highest rainfall area of Pakistan: Murree

 Largest min excavated in Pakistan: Salt mines Khewra

 Largest stadium of athletics of Pakistan: Islamaba

 Lowest population density rate in Pakistan: Chaghi district

 Largest seaport of Pakistan: Karachi

 Largest mausoleum in Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Tomb, Karachi

 Largest circulating Daily Newspaper of Pakistan: Jang

 Largest circulating English Daily Newspaper of Pakistan: Daily News

 Largest Nuclear power plant of Pakistan: KANUPP

 Largest Oil refinery: Pak-Arab Oil refinery

 Biggest mosque in Pakistan: Faisal Mosque Islamabad

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 Tallest building of Pakistan: Muslim commercial Bank Building (Karachi)

 Oldest forest of Pakistan: Janipur (Founded between Loralai And Ziarat)

 Longest Motorway in Pakistan: M-8

 Biggest Hockey Stadium of Pakistan: National Hockey Stadium Lahore

 Biggest industry of Pakistan: TextileBiggest industrial unit in public sector: Pakistan

Steel Mills
 Longest railway tunnel in Pakistan: Khojak

 Longest tunnel: Lawari Tunnel

 Province which have longest coastline: Baluchistan

 Pakistan’s largest museum: Karachi museum

 Biggest park in Pakistan: Ayub National park

 Larges Dam in Pakistan: Terbela Dam

 Oldest Nuclear reactor of Pakistan: Karachi nuclear power plant (1972)

 Biggest fort of Pakistan: Rani Kot Fort (Haiderabad)

 Oldest fort of Pakistan: Daraward Fort

 Coldest place in Pakistan: Skardu

 Highest dam in Pakistan: Mangla Dam

 Highest & longest glacier of Pakistan: Siachen

 Largest Island of Pakistan: Manora

 Oldest Barrage of Pakistan: Sukkur Barrage

 Highest mountain peak: K-2 (8611 meter or 28251)

 Highest railway station of Pakistan: Khan Mehtarzai

 Highest Road: Sharah-e-Karakorm (Sharah Resham)

 Oldest news agency of Pakistan: APP (Associate Press of Pakistan)

 Biggest cricket stadium of Pakistan: National Stadium Karachi

 Largest shipping company of Pakistan: Pakistan national Shipping Corporation

 Largest university of Pakistan: Punjab University

 Largest (biggest) province by area: Baluchistan

 Biggest province by population: Punjab

 Biggest library found in Pakistan: Punjab Library

 Biggest airline of Pakistan: PIA

 Biggest railway workshop in Pakistan: Mughalpura (Lahore)

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 Largest city of Pakistan: Karachi

 Largest District of Pakistan: Chaghi

 Biggest desert found in Pakistan: Thar

 Highest battle field in Pakistan: Siachin Glacier

 Hottest place in Pakistan: Jacobabad

 Biggest airport of Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Airport Karachi

 Biggest Commercial Bank of Pakistan: Habib Bank Limited

 Biggest Barrage of Pakistan: Sukkur Barrage (1932)

 Oldest airline of Pakistan: Orient Airline

 Oldest private Airline of Pakistan: Hajvery Airline

 Largest & longest river: Indus (2896 Km) 1800 miles

 Biggest man-made lake found in Pakistan: Keenjhar Lake (Thatha)

 Biggest natural lake in Pakistan: Manchar Lake (Dadu)

 Highest pass: Mustagh Pass (6000 meters)

 Biggest Gas field: Sui Gas field

 Biggest hydroelectric power station: Tarbela Dam

 Largest jungle of Pakistan: Changa Manga

 Highest military award: Nishan-e-Haider

 Highest civil award: Nishan-e- Pakistan

 The Longest Coastal area in Pakistan: Balochistan (771 kms long) (total 1046 km)

 The Longest Frontier: Pakistan-Afghanistan border |(2252 kms)

 The Longest Railways Platform: Rohri (Sindh) Length, 1,896 feet

 The Longest Railway Track in Pakistan: Karachi to Landi Kotal

 The Longest Road in Pakistan: Karachi to Peshawar

 The Longest Tunnel (Railway) in Pakistan: Khojak Balochistan (Length 2.43 miles)

 The Longest Tunnel in Pakistan: Lowari (Length 5 miles)

 The Longest (Water) in Pakistan: Warsak Dam Tunnel (Length 3.5 miles)

 The Tallest Tower in Pakistan: Minar-e-Pakistan (Hight 196 feet 8 inches)

 The Tallest Minaret in Pakistan: Four minarets of Shah Faisal Mosque with a height
of 286 feet each.

 The Tallest Mountain Pass Pakistan: Muztagh Pass (Nothern Areas) height 19,030 feet

 The Tallest Mountain Peak Pakistan: K-2 (Karakoram) height 28,269 feet

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 The Tallest Railway Station Pakistan: Khan Mehtarzai (height 2,221 feet)

 The area lowest rainfall in Pakistan: Nokkundi

 Literal meaning of Qiyas is judging.

 GT road was built by Sher shah suri.

 The oldest Pakistani TV Station in located in: Lahore

 Largest mobile company in Pakistan: Mobilink

 Largest sector of Pakistan’s economy: Agriculture sector

 Largest radio station in Pakistan: Islamabad

 Highest radio station in Pakistan: Gilgi

 Longest road in Pakistan: Pakistan Highway

 Largest Division of Pakistan: Kalat

 Smallest Division of Pakistan: Karachi

 Shortest river of Pakistan: Ravi River

 Largest Hospital in Pakistan: Nishtar Hospital Multan

 Largest Trade partner of Pakistan: USA

 Biggest Thermal power station founded in Pakistan: Kot Addou

 Biggest export item in Pakistan: Textile (Cotton)

 Highest rainfall area of Pakistan: Murree

 Largest min excavated in Pakistan: Salt mines Khewra

 Largest stadium of athletics of Pakistan: Islamabad

 Highest population density rate in Pakistan: Islamabad

 Lowest population density rate in Pakistan: Chaghi district

 Largest seaport of Pakistan: Karachi

 Largest mausoleum in Pakistan: Quaid-e-Azam Tomb, Karachi

 Largest circulating Daily Newspaper of Pakistan: Jang

 Largest circulating English Daily Newspaper of Pakistan: Daily News

 Largest Nuclear power plant of Pakistan: KANUPP, Karachi.

 Headquarter of Ghandhara civilization is Taxila.

 Ch. Rehmat Ali coined the word “Pakistan”.

 Hafeez Jallundhary wrote the National Anthem of Pakistan.

 Simla Pact was signed on 3 Juy,1972.

 Sindh is called Bab-ul-Islam.

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 Data Ganj Bakhsh is the author of Kashful Mahjoob.

 Minar-e-Pakistan is also called Minto Park.

 First Pakistani Astronaut Nimra Saleem in 2009.

 City of colleges is Lahore.

 Cheapest source of energy is Solar.

 Land of white elephants is Thailand.

 Oldest city of Pakistan is Multan.

 Asrar-e-Khudi was the first book of Allama Iqbal.

 360 Idols were in Khana Kaaba.

 First women speaker of Balochistan Assembly is Rahila Hameed Khan

TOPIC No-19

PAKISTAN STUDIES NOTES

Freedom movement Events at a Glance (1857 to 1947)
1857 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
An anti-British uprising also known as the Sepoy Rebellion/First War of Independence.

SIR SYED AHMED KHAN

Sir Syed was born on October 17, 1817, in Delhi.This founder of a great educational and socio-
cultural movement, Sir Syed Ahmad khan, passed away on March 27, 1898.

ESTABLISHMENT OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY

In order to pursue this aim, he established Scientific Society at Ghazipur in 1864. This Society
was directed towards getting the translations of Western knowledge texts into Urdu. He also
started publishing Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq in 1870 to instill modern consciousness among the
Muslims.

1885-FORMATION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

A liberal Indian organization founded by A.W. Hume, a retired member of the Indian Civil
Service.

1905-PARTITION OF BENGAL
The Bengal Presidency was partitioned by Lord Curzon and its boundaries redrawn to create two
provinces of manageable size.

SWADESHI MOVEMENT
started by Hindus against partition of Bengal

1906-SHIMLA DEPUTATION
A deputation, representing all shades of Muslims opinion and led by Aga Khan and 35 notable
leader of Muslims called on the viceroy Lord Minto on October 1 at Shimla.

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1906-FOUNDING OF THE ALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in December 1906 to watch and safeguard
Muslim interests.

1909-MINTO – MORLEY REFORMS

These reforms provided for separate electorates in all the provinces.

1911-ANNULMENT OF THE PARTITION OF BENGAL

In December 1911, at a ‘darbar’ in Delhi, King George V announced the annulment of the
partition of Bengal.

1914-18 WORLD WAR I

Also known as the Great War. It was an international struggle that raged over the old world
between August 1914 and November 1918. France, Russia and Great Britain were arrayed on
one side and Germany, Austria, Turkey, on the other. The war ended with the treaty of Versailles
(1918). The Khilafat Movement (1919-24) in India was an offshoot of this war.

1916 LUCKNOW PACT

This pact was signed between Muslims and Hindus due to Quiad’s efforts. it was the first and
last agreement between Muslims and Hindus.

1919 MONTAGUE – CHELMFSORD REFORMS

These reforms introduced ‘diarchy’. Separate electorates were continued.

1919-23 KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

An Indian Muslim Movement for the preservation of the Khilafat’ and the territorial integrity of
Ottoman Empire. The Ali Brothers were its leading proponents. Gandhi supported the movement and
encouraged non-cooperation with the British. A section of Indian Muslims, to express their indignation,
resorted to ‘Hijrat’. They gained nothing. The movement petered(come to an end gradually) out when
Mustafa Kamal Ataturk itself abolished the caliphate.

1920 JINNAH RESIGNED FROM CONGRESS

1922-29 HINDU – MUSLIM RIOTS

Starting with 1922, India was the scene of bloody Hindu-Muslim riots for the next seven years. Hindu
leaders were rabid communalists. Arya Samaj, shuddhi, sanghathan activities targeted the Muslims.
These riots marked a high point in communal bitterness and increased Muslim ‘s hostility.

1927 ARRIVAL OF SIMON COMMISSION HEADED BY SIR SIMON.

1927 DELHI MUSLIM PROPOSALS

These proposals were a fresh try for a Hindu-Muslim settlement. A group of prominent Muslims met at
Delhi on March 20, 1927.

1928 NEHRU REPORT

The Nehru Report published in August was a patently anti-Muslim document. It included a draft
constitution for India. The Report rejected a federation and supported a unitary government.

1929 QUAID-I-AZAM’S FOURTEEN POINTS

The Muslim League at the time was torn by internal dissension. The Quaid outlined a programme on

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which Muslims could unite. This was the famous Fourteen Points.

1930 SIMON REPORT

A constitutional report that rejected the unitary system and recommended a federal framework for India.
It also recommended

1. Doing away with diarchy and

2. Setting up of a Council of Greater India.

1930-ALLAM IQBAL ADDRESS

In December 1930, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, while addressing the Muslim League annual session at
Allahabad advocated partition of the subcontinent. He even demand and defined the frontiers of a
proposed "Consolidated Muslim State", which he believed would be "in the best interests.

1930-32 ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES (RTCS)

Three Round Table Conferences were held to sort out Hindu – Muslim differences.

The first met in November 1930- January 1931.

Second was held in London from 7 September 1931 to 1 Dec 1931.

The third RTC held in November 1932 to December 1932.

1932-COMMUNAL AWARD (1932)

The Process of constitution making had gone through many stages from Government of India Act 1919
to Communal Awards in 1932. In August1932, a Communal Awards was announced in which separate
electorates for the Muslims were allowed to continue.

1935-GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT

This Act, strengthened parliamentary institutions yet kept ultimate power in the hands of the British.
There were to be elected legislatures. The Governor General was the Chief Executive and absolute
authority. Dyarchy was abolished

1937-ELECTIONS

Elections of provincial legislative assemblies were held in 1937 under Government of India Act 1935.

1939-45 WORLD WAR II

War between Germany, Italy and Japan (the Axis powers) on one side and Britain, France, U.S., the
U.S.S.R and China (the allied powers) on the other. It was a struggle between the forces of democracy
and dictatorship. 55 million lives were lost. Germany surrendered in May 1945 and Japan in July 1945
after the atomic attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1940-THE PAKISTAN RESOLUTION

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A landmark in the history of the Indian Muslims. The Pakistan Resolution was passed in March
1940 at the Muslim League session at Lahore under the president ship of Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The resolution demanded that the Muslim majority areas be grouped to
constitute independent states. Pakistan was the direct outcome of this resolution.

1942-CRIPPS MISSION

Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in New Delhi for talks with Indian Leaders on the future constitution
of India. He discussed the draft proposals. The Muslim League rejected the proposals as there
was no provision for amendments or for the formation of two constituent assemblies instead of
one.

1944- GANDHI - JINNAH TALKS

Gandhi - Jinnah talks were held at Bombay on the basis to resolve the differences between the
Congress and the All India Muslim League on the issue of Pakistan. Gandhi was opposed to the
Two Nations Theory and refused the Muslims the right of self-determination. These talks failed.

1945-THE SIMLA CONFERENCE

A conference called by the Viceroy at Simla where the formation of an Executive Council was
discussed. The Congress insisted that it represented all the communities in India and could
nominate Muslims to the new Council. The All India Muslim League stated that only the League
had the right to nominate Muslim members. The Conference failed on this issue.

1946-THE CABINET MISSION

The Cabinet Mission proposals stipulated a weak Centre, supreme only in foreign affairs,
defence and communication, and three autonomous groups of provinces. Two of these were to
have Muslim majorities while the third one was to have a Hindu majority.

1946-INTERIM GOVERNMENT INSTALLED IN OFFICE

The British Government proposed on 22 July that an Interim Government be formed at the
Centre.

1946-JUNE 3 PARTITION PLAN

This plan for the partition of India was prepared by Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India,
in consultation with the British government. It was based on the fundamental principle that
transfer of power should take place according to the wishes of the people. A time-limit for
British withdrawal from the subcontinent was fixed. The British decided to hand over power on
15 August 1947 to two successor states to be known as India and Pakistan.

1947-PAKISTAN ACHIEVED

14 August 1947 was Pakistan’s date with destiny. On that day, Mountbatten formally transferred
power to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on behalf of His Majesty’s Government. On 15
August Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as the first Governor General of
Pakistan. A seven-year old struggle came triumphantly to an end and a long cherished dream
stood translated into reality.

THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN ON 14TH AUGUST, 1947

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah took oath as the Governor General of Pakistan.

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TOPIC No- 20
GEOGRAPHY & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
SUEZ CANAL

The Suez Canal stretches 120 miles from Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt
southward to the city of Suez . The canal separates the bulk of Egypt from the Sinai Peninsula. It
took 10 years to build, and was officially opened on November 17, 1869.The Suez Canal is a
human-made waterway that cuts north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt. The Suez
Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, making it the shortest maritime route to
Asia from Europe.Length of Canal is 193.3 km.

PANAMA CANAL

The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean
with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is conduit for maritime
trade.

CONTINENTS &THEIR COUNTRIES

1. ASIA(LARGEST CONTINENT)

S.No. Country Capital Currency

1 Afghanistan Kabul Afghani

2 Bahrain Manama Bahraini Dinar

3 Bangladesh Dhaka Taka

4 Bhutan Thimpu Ngultrum

5 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Dollar

6 Myanmar (Burma) Nay Pyi Taw# Burmese Kyat

7 Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian Riel

Chinese
8 China Beijing
Renminbi##

9 East Timor Dili US Dollar

10 India New Delhi Indian Rupee

11 Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian Rupiah

12 Iran Tehran Iranian Rial

13 Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar

14 Israel Jerusalem Israeli New Shekel

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15 Japan Tokyo Japanese Yen

16 Jordan Amman Jordanian Dinar

17 Kazakhstan Astana Tenge

18 Korea, North Pyongyang North Korean Won

19 Korea, South Seoul South Korean Won

20 Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar

21 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Kyrgyztani Som

22 Laos Vientiane Lao Kip

23 Lebanon Beirut Lebanese Pound

24 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Ringgit

25 Maldives Male (Maale) Maldivian Rufiyaa

26 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolian Tugrik

27 Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee

28 Oman Muscat Omani Rial

29 Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Rupee

30 Philippines Manila Philippine Peso

31 Qatar Doha Qatari Rial

Russian Federation Russian Ruble

32 Moscow
(Russia) (Rouble)

33 Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Riyal

34 Singapore Singapore Singapore Dollar

35 Sri Lanka Colombo Sri Lankan Rupee

36 Syria Damascus Syrian Pound

37 Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni

38 Thailand Bangkok Thai Baht

39 Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira

Turkmenistan
40 Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Manat

41 United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi UAE Dirham

42 Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani Som

43 Vietnam Hanoi Vietnamese Dong

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44 Yemen Sanaa Yemeni Rial

2. NORTH AMERICA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS, &CURRENCIES

S.No. Country Capital Currency

1 Antigua and Barbuda St. John's East Caribbean Dollar

2 Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar

3 Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian Dollar

4 Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar

5 Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar

6 Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rican Colon

2 currencies - Cuban Peso and

7 Cuba Havana
Cuban convertible peso

8 Dominica Roseau East Caribbean Dollar

9 Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican Peso

10 El Salvador San Salvador US Dollar###

11 Grenada St. George's East Caribbean Dollar

12 Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Quetzal

13 Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde

14 Honduras Tegucigalpa Lempira

15 Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar

16 Mexico Mexico City Mexican Peso

17 Nicaragua Managua Cordoba

US Dollar (Panama locals call it

18 Panama Panama City
Balboa)

19 Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre East Caribbean Dollar

20 Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean Dollar

Saint Vincent and the

21 Kingstown East Caribbean Dollar
Grenadines

22 Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

Washington, D.C.
23 United States US Dollar
*

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3. SOUTH AMERICA
COUNTRIES, CAPITAL, AND
CURRENCY
S.No. Country Capital Currency

1 Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso

2 Bolivia Sucre Boliviano

3 Brazil Brasilia Real

4 Chile Santiago Chilean Peso

5 Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso

6 Ecuador Quito US Dollar

7 Guyana Georgetown Guyana Dollar

8 Paraguay Asuncion Guarani

9 Peru Lima Nuevo Sol

10 Suriname Paramaribo Suriname Dollar

11 Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay Peso

12 Venezuela Caracas Bolivar

4. ANTARCTICA
Its southern most continent and is at South Pole.

It has no population and is covered with Iceland mass.

5. EUROPE
COUNTRIES, CAPITAL & CURRENCY
S.No. Country Capital Currency

1 Albania Tirana Lek

2 Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro

Armenian
3 Armenia Yerevan
Dram

4 Austria Vienna Euro

5 Azerbaijan Baku Manat

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5. EUROPE
COUNTRIES, CAPITAL & CURRENCY
Belarusian
6 Belarus Minsk
Ruble

7 Belgium Brussels Euro

Bosnia and Convertible

8 Sarajevo
Herzegovina Mark

9 Bulgaria Sofia Lev

10 Croatia Zagreb Kuna

11 Cyprus Nicosia Euro

12 Czech Republic Prague Koruna

13 Denmark Copenhagen Krone

14 Estonia Tallinn Euro

15 Finland Helsinki Euro

16 France Paris Euro

17 Georgia Tbilisi Lari

18 Germany Berlin Euro

19 Greece Athens Euro

20 Hungary Budapest Forint

Icelandic
21 Iceland Reykjavik
Krona

22 Ireland Dublin Euro

23 Italy Rome Euro

24 Latvia Riga Euro

25 Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss Franc

26 Lithuania** Vilnius Euro

27 Luxembourg Luxembourg City Euro

Macedonian
28 Macedonia Skopje
Denar

29 Malta Valletta Euro

30 Moldova Chisinau Moldovan Leu

31 Monaco Monaco Euro

32 Montenegro Podgorica Euro

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5. EUROPE
COUNTRIES, CAPITAL & CURRENCY
Amsterdam (but the government
33 Netherlands Euro
resides in The Hague)

Norwegian
34 Norway Oslo
Krone

35 Poland Warsaw Zloty

36 Portugal Lisbon Euro

37 Romania Bucharest Romanian Leu

38 San Marino San Marino Euro

39 Serbia Belgrade Serbian Dinar

40 Slovakia Bratislava Euro

41 Slovenia Ljubljana Euro

42 Spain Madrid Euro

43 Sweden Stockholm Swedish Krona

44 Switzerland Bern Swiss Franc

45 Ukraine Kiev Hryvnia

46 United Kingdom*** London Pound Sterling

47 Vatican City**** Vatican City Euro

6. AUSTRALIA&OCEANIA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS
ANDCURRENCIES

S.No
Country Capital Currency
.

1 Australia Canberra Australian Dollar

2 Fiji Suva Fijian Dollar

Kiribati Dollar (pegged at par

3 Kiribati South Tarawa
with the Australian Dollar)

Marshall
4 Majuro US Dollar
Islands

5 Micronesia Palikir US Dollar

6 Nauru No Official Capital^ Australian Dollar

7 New Zealand Wellington New Zealand Dollar

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6. AUSTRALIA&OCEANIA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS
ANDCURRENCIES

Ngerulmud (situated in
8 Palau US Dollar
Melekeok state)

Papua New
9 Port Moresby Kina
Guinea

10 Samoa Apia Tala

Solomon
11 Honiara Solomon Islands Dollar
Islands

12 Tonga Nuku'alofa pa'anga

Australian Dollar and Tuvaluan

13 Tuvalu Funafuti
Dollar

14 Vanuatu Port Vila Vatu

Yaren District, unofficially called the capital, is an area on the southern shore of Nauru where
most of the important buildings and the Parliament is situated.

7. AFRICA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS AND CURRENCIES
(Note: Some countries like Burkina and Eritrea are excluded from the following
list)
S.No
Country Capital Currency
.

1 Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar

Angolan
2 Angola Luanda
Kwanza

3 Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula

Burundian
4 Burundi Bujumbura
Franc

Central African
5 Cameroon Yaounde
Franc

Cape Verdean
6 Cape Verde Praia
Escudo

Central African Central African

7 Bangui
Republic Franc

Central African
8 Chad N'Djamena
Franc

Central African
9 Congo Brazzaville
Franc

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7. AFRICA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS AND CURRENCIES
(Note: Some countries like Burkina and Eritrea are excluded from the following
list)
Congo,
Congolese
10 Democratic Kinshasa
Franc
Republic of

Egyptian
11 Egypt Cairo
Pound

Equatorial Central African

12 Malabo
Guinea Franc

13 Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian Birr

Gambian
14 Gambia Banjul
Dalasi

15 Ghana Accra Ghana Cedi

16 Guinea Conakry Guinean Franc

West African
17 Guinea-Bissau Bissau
Franc

West African
18 Ivory Coast Yamoussoukro
Franc

Kenyan
19 Kenya Nairobi
Shilling

20 Libya Tripoli Libyan Dinar

Malagasy
21 Madagascar Antananarivo
Ariary

West African
22 Mali Bamako
Franc

Mauritian
23 Mauritius Port Louis
Rupee

Moroccan
24 Morocco Rabat
Dirham

Mozambique
25 Mozambique Maputo
Metical

Namibian
26 Namibia Windhoek
Dollar

West African
27 Niger Niamey
Franc

28 Nigeria Abuja Nigerian Naira

Rwandan
29 Rwanda Kigali
Franc

30 Seychelles Victoria Seychelles

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7. AFRICA
COUNTRIES, CAPITALS AND CURRENCIES
(Note: Some countries like Burkina and Eritrea are excluded from the following
list)
Rupee

31 Sierra Leone Freetown Leone

32 Somalia Mogadishu Somali Shilling

3 capitals - Cape Town (Legislative Capital -

33 South ASSfrica seat of parliament); Pretoria (Administrative Rand
Capital); Bloemfontein (Judicial Capital)

South
34 South Sudan Juba Sudanese
Pound

Sudanese
35 Sudan Khartoum
pound

Tanzanian
36 Tanzania Dodoma
Shilling

37 Tunisia Tunis Tunisian Dinar

Uganda
38 Uganda Kampala
Shilling

Zambian
39 Zambia Lusaka
Kwacha

Zimbabwe
40 Zimbabwe Harare
Dollar@

Zimbabwe uses Multi currency, and currency of certain other countries like US Dollar and
South African Rand are all allowed as legal tender. Zimbabwe is also dealing with the
economic problem of hyperinflation since a long time.

CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLIC( CAR)

I. Kazakhstan
II. Kyrgystan
III. Tajikistan
IV. Turkministan
V. Uzbekistan

LARGEST COUNTRIES

I. Russia 6,601,668
II. Canada 3,855,100
III. China 3,705,407

SMALLEST COUNTRIES

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I. Vatican City 0.2

II. Monaco 0.7

FORMER NAMES OF COUNTRIES& CITIES

Current Name Old Name

I. Ethiopia Abyssinia
II. Ankara, Turkey Angora, Turkey
III. Sri Lanka Ceylon
IV. Istanbul, Turkey Constantinople, Turkey
V. Beijing, China Peking,China
VI. Iran Persia
VII. Iraq Mesopotamia
VIII. Thailand Siam
IX. Cambodia Kampuchea
X. Burma Myanmar

WORLD’S MOST POPULOUS COUNTRIES

1. China 2. India 3. United States

4. Indonesia 5. Brazil 6. Pakistan

FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL LINES

Control Line. Boundary Line between Azad Kashmir & India.

Durand Line. Boundary Line between Pakistan & Afghanistan (1300 miles in length)

Maginot Line: It is the French Line of Fortification. Build in 1934, along the Germon
Border from Switzerland to BELIGIUM.

McMahon Line: Boundary Line between India & China.

Radcliffe Line: Boundary line between India & Pakistan.

CURRENT PRESIDENTS OF COUNTRIES

1. Pakistan Arif Alvi

2. China Xi JinPing
3. Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani

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4. Iran Hassan Rouhani

5. India Ram Nath Kovind

MOUNTAINOUS RANGES IN PAKISTAN

 Karakoram range, highest peak is K-2(8611 m or 28,250 feet)

 Himalaya range, highest peak in Pakistan is Nanga Parbat (8,126m or 26,660 feet)
 Hindu Kush range, highest peak is Tirich Mir (7,690 meters or 25,230 feet).

MOUNTAIN PASSSES IN PAKISTAN

 Babusar Pass.Highest point in Kaghan Valley located on Karakoram Highway.

 Bolan Pass. It is located in Balochistan and connects Sibi with Quetta.
 Broghol Pass.It links Afghanistan ( Wakhan District of Badakhashtan province) with
Pakistan (Chitral District of KPK)
 Gomal Pass. It is mountain pass on the Durand Line border between Afghanistan and
Pakistan (South Waziristan in FATA)
 Khunjerab Pass. It’s a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains between
Pakistan (Hunza Nagar District) and China (Xinjiang Region)
 Khyber Pass. It is a mountain pass connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan (Landi Kotal)
 Lowari Pass. Lowari Pass connects Chitral with Dir in KPK.
 Malakand Pass. It is located in Malakand District of KPK.
 Tochi Pass. It connects Pakistan ( Bannu) with Afghanistan ( Ghazni).

LIST OF MOTORWAYS

Length Completion
Name Route Lanes Status
(km) Year
M-1
Peshawar–
motorway 155 6 2007 Operational
Islamabad
(Pakistan)
M2
Islamabad–
motorway 334 6 1997 Operational
Lahore
(Pakistan)
M-3 Lahore–
motorway Abdul 230 6 2019 Operational
(Pakistan) Hakeem

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M-4 Pindi
motorway Bhattian– 309 4-6 2019 Operational
(Pakistan) Multan
M-5
Multan–
motorway 392 6 2019 Operational
Sukkur
(Pakistan)
M-6
Sukkur-
motorway 296 6 2021 Planned
Hyderabad
(Pakistan)
Partially
M-8
Ratodero– Operational
motorway 892 2 2022
Gwadar Under
(Pakistan)
Construction
M-9
Hyderabad–
motorway 136 6 2018 Operational
Karachi
(Pakistan)
M-10 Karachi
motorway Northern 57 2 2007 Operational
(Pakistan) Bypass
M-11
Lahore–
motorway 103 4 2020 Operational
Sialkot
(Pakistan)
M-12
Sialkot –
motorway 212 6 2021 Planned
Rawalpindi
(Pakistan)
M-13
Swabi -
motorway Planned
Chakdara
(Pakistan)
M-14
Hakla–D.I Under
motorway 285 4 2021
Khan Construction
(Pakistan)
M-15
Hasan Abdal–
motorway 180 6-4-2 2020 Operational
Thakot
(Pakistan)
M-16
Nowshera –
motorway 160 4 2021 Operational
Chakdara
(Pakistan)
M-7
Planned
motorway Dadu–Hub
(Pakistan)

BARRAGE(DAM)

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Barrages are
usually larger than the headworks.Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also
provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture,
and navigability.

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FUNCTIONS OF A HEADWORK

A headwork serves the following purposes

 A headwork raises the water level in the river.

 It regulates the intake of water into the canal.
 It also controls the entry of silt into the canal.
 A head work can also store water for small periods of time.
 Reduces fluctuations in the level of supply in river.

BARRAGES OF PAKISTAN
Chashma Barrage:One of the famous barrages in Pakistan. It is located in Mianwali on Indus
river. It was completed in 1971.
Guddu Barrage:It is located near Sukkur in Sindth province. Guddu barrage was completed in
1962.

Sukkur Barrage:It is one of the oldest barrages in Pakistan. Sukkur Barrage was build in 1932.
It is built at river Indus near Sukkur.(Sindh Province).

Panjnad Barrage:Panjnad Riveris a river at the extreme end of Bahawalpur district

in Punjab, Pakistan. Panjnad River is formed by successive confluence or merger of the five
rivers of the Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.[1][2][3] Jhelum and Ravi join
Chenab, Beas joins Sutlej, and then Sutlej and Chenab join to form Panjnad 10 miles north
of Uch Sharif in Muzaffar Garh district. The combined stream runs southwest for approximately
45 miles and joins the Indus River at Mithankot. The Indus continues and then drains into
the Arabian Sea. A barrage on Panjnad has been erected.

Taunsa Barrage:It is a barrage on the River Indus in Taaaaunsa Tehsil of D G Khan.

Rasul Barrage:It is a barrage on the River Jhelum between Jhelum District and Mandi Bahuddin
District of Punjab.

Trimmu Barrage:It is on the River Chenab in the Jhang District.

Kotri Barrage:It is a barrage on the Indus River between Jamshoro and Hyderabad and eas
constrict 1955.

DAMS IN PAKISTAN

Tarbela Dam: Tarbela Dam is a large dam on the Indus River in Pakistan. It is located about 50
kilometers northwest of Islamabad. It is the largest earth filled dam in the world. The dam was
completed in 1974.

Mangla Dam:Mangla Dam, the 12th largest dam of the world in Azad Kashmir. It was
constructed in 1967 across the Jehlum River.

Warsak Dam:Warsak Hydro Electric Power Project is located on river Kabul at about 30 km
from Peshawar in KPK Province of Pakistan.

Mirani Dam: Mirani Dam is in Baluchistan, Pakistan. It is located on Dasht River, about 30
miles west of Turbat in Makran Division of Baluchistan. The project was completed in 2006.

Gomal Zam Dam:Gomal Zam Dam project is located in KPK,Pakistan. Gomal river, on which
Gomal Zam Dam is build, is one of the significant tributaries of Indus river.

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Khanpur Dam:It is 48 km from Islamabad on Taxila-Haripur Road.Khanpur Dam has been

constructed in on the Haro River. Its construction was started in 1968 and completed in 1983.

Rawal Lake Dam: Rawal lake dam is located in Islamabad and built on Korang river.

Sabakzai Dam:Sabakzai Dam is in district Zhob of Balochistan and is build on Zhob river.

Kalabagh Dam:The Kalabagh Dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Indus River at
Kalabagh in the Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan, which has been intensely debated along
ethnic and regional lines for over 40 years. If constructed, the dam could generate 3,600 MW of
electricity.

MAJOR HEADWORKS IN PAKISTAN

 Balloki Headworks
 Marala Headworks
 Qadirabad Headworks
 Sulemanki Headworks

MAJOR DESERTS IN PAKISTAN

 Thar Desert: It is also known as the great Indian desert and forms a natural boundary
between India and Pakistan.
 Cholistan DesertThe Cholistan Desert, which is locally known as Rohi, is one of the
most famous and largest deserts of Pakistan. It’s located in the peripheries of
Bahawalpur, which is one of Punjab’s most famous cities. This 16,000 square
kilometres barren tract of land is largely inhabited by semi-nomadic people, who
constantly keep moving from one place to another in search of food, shelter from the
harsh climate conditions and fodder for the livestock.
 Thal Desert: It is situated in Punjab between the Jehlum and Sindh rivers near the
Pothohar Plateau. Desert covers the districs of Bhakhar, Khushab, Mianwali, Layyah and
Muzaffargarh.
 Kharan Desert: It is situated in Balochistan and is a sandy and mountainous desert.

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TOPIC No- 21
ISLAMIAT NOTES

WAJIB PRAYERS:Wajib Prayers are necessary and willful neglect is considered sinful.
Howevere, if someone misses any of these due to unavoidable circumstances, Qadha (make-up
of missed prayer) is not required. The following are Wajib Prayers:

 Three Rakat of Vitr after Isha.

 Two Rakat of Eid-ul-Fitr and Two Rakat of Eidul-Adha
 Two Rakat are offered while performing the Tawaaf of Kaba.

FARD AL-KAFAYA: They are fards that are not obligatory for each Muslim,when some
Muslims fulfill them,the other Muslims become exempt from them. If nobody fulfills them, the
whole community becomes responsible and sinful for them. If some Muslims perform the
Janazah Prayer when a Muslim dies, the other Muslims becomes exempt from it.

TAYAMMUM: Tayammum may be substituted for wudhu or ghusl when access to water is
restricted or impractical, namely:

 When sufficient amounts of water for ritual washing are not available, including when using
the available water for wudu or ghusl would leave insufficient water for drinking.
 When obtaining water is hazardous or prohibitively expensive.
 When using water poses a health risk.
 When the water available is impure.
 When you don't have potable water.

PERFORMING TAYAMMUM

1. Finding a piece of ground which is free of najaasah (unclean elements). This could be
any surface that naturally collects dust like rock or sand.
2. Mentally make niyyah, or intention to make tayammum.
3. Recite the bismillah.
4. Place the hands on the surface of the ground.
5. Lift your hands and ensure that there is no dust on your palm surface by hitting your
hands together.
6. Rub your face with both your hands. The face encompasses the right ear to the left, and
the top of the forehead to the bottom of the chin
7. Rub your hands with one another.
FARDS IN GHUSAL: There are three fards of ghussal.

 To rinse the mouth with water.

 To sniff water into the nose and blow it out.
 To wash the whole body.
 It is fard to wash the mouth, the nose and the whole body atleast once. A person who
washes them three times is regarded to have fulfilled the fard and gains the reward of
fulfilling the Sunnah.

FARD IN WADU:There are four fard of wadu:

 Washing the face from hair of the forehead to the lower portion of the chin, and across
from one ear to the other.
 Washing both hands and arms upto the elbows
 Performing the Masa’h (wiping with wet hands,one fourth of one’s head).

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 Washing both the feet upto the ankles.

HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PUBH)

 Holy Prophet was born in 571 A.D 22nd April.

 Father’s name, Hazrat Abdullah.
 Mother’s name, Hazrat Amna.
 Six months before the Holy Prophet’s birth, his father died.
 Hazrat Abdullah died at Madina.
 Bibi Amna suckled prophet for 3 days.
 Hazrat Amna was buried at Abva b/w Makkah & Madina.
 Holy Prophet had no brother and no sister.
 The name Muhammad was proposed by Abdul Matlib while the name Ahmed was
proposed by Bibi Amna.
 Hashim was grandfather of Holy Prophet & brother of Muttalib.
 Holy Prophet had two real paternal uncles i.e Zubair & Abu Talib.
 Prophet had six aunties.
 Holy Prophet belonged to Banu Hashim clan of Quraish tribe.
 Beside Hazrat Haleema (RA) Holy Prophet (PBUH) said that Umme Aemon is also
mother.
 The foster mother (s) of the Holy Prophet(saw) Hazrat Haleema (RA), Hazrat Sobia (RA)
and Hazrat Khola (RA).
 For six year Hazrat Haleema took care of Prophet.
 After 8 years of the birth of Prophet Abdul Matlib died.
 Holy Prophet journeyed to Syria with Abu Talib at the age of 12 years.
 At 25 Holy Prophet married to Hazrat Khadija.
 Holy Prophet had 4 daughters and 3 sons.
 Qasim was first of the Holy Prophet’s children to be born.
 The eldest daughter of Prophet was Hazrat Zainab.
 Youngest daughter Bibi Fatima.
 Zaid Bin Haris(R.A) was the adopted son of the Holy Prophet.
 Surname of Holy Prophet was Abul-ul-Qasim.
 Hazrat Khadija accepted Islam first in Women and in all.
 Hazrat Abu Bakar accepted first in Children.
 Hazrat Bilal Habshi was the first slave to accept Islam.
 Holy Prophet prayed for 2 years in cave Hira before first relation.
 At age of 40,Holy Prophet received first Wahy.
 Varqa Bin Naufal verified Holy Prophet for the first time.
 Holy Prophet lived in Makkah 50 years. In 622, A.D Holy prophet migrated to Madina
lived 13 years.
 35 was the age at the time of Hijr-i-Aswad incident.
 Wife of Abu Lahab used to spread throne in the way of Prophet.
 Al-Kaswa is the name of Camel on which Holy Prophet traveled.
 Holy Prophet purchased mosque land at Madina from two orphans.
 45 Companions were with Holy Prophet in migration to Madina.
 Holy Prophet recited Surah Al- Fatha at the conquest of Makkah.
 Hijra took place in 13th Nabvi.
 23 Years of preaching.
 Holy prophet Nobowat age 40 years.
 Prophet spent his last days in Ayesha’s house.
 Holy Prophet was buried in the Hujra of Ayesha.
 King of Iran tore away the message of Holyprophet.
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 Holy Prophet addressed Khutba-e-Jum’aa for first time in 1st Hijra.

 1Lac companions accompanied Prophet at last Hajj.
 In Miraj, Holy Prophet traveled from Baitul Muqadas to Sidratul Mantha.
 In Miraj, Hazrat Jibrael called Aazan in Baitul Muqadas.
 Holy Prophet led all the prophets in a prayer in Miraj at al-Aqsa.
 Allah Rasool Muhammad was written on the seal of Holy Prophet (SAW)
 Holy Prophet performed only one Hajj(in 10 A.H) and 4 Umras (in 7 A.H)

BATTELS OF ISLAM

 Total no of Ghazwaats 27.

 First Ghazwa of Islam was Widdan or Abwa, fought in 12th month of 1 A.H.
 624 Battle of Badr was fought in 17 Ramadan, 2 hij.
 Number of soldiers in Badar, Muslim 313 Kufar 1000v
 625 Battle of Uhad. 3hij.
 626 Battle of Rajih.4hij.
 627 Battle of Khandaq (Ahzab).5hij
 628, Treaty of Hudaibiya, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid Accepted Islam, Conquest of
Khyber.6hij
 629, Battle of Mutah, Preaching of Islam to various kings.7hij
 630, Battle of Hunain, Conquest of Makkah.8hij
 631, Battle of Tabuk. 9hij
 632, Hajjat-ul-Wida.10hij
 680, Tragedy of Karballah.61hij
 Battle of Uhd was fought on 5th Shawal. Uhd is a hill.
 Yom-ul Furaqn is called to Yom ul Badar.
 Fath Mobeen is called to Sulah Hudaibiah.
 Battle in which prophet not participated is known as Saria.
 Hazrat Hamza was the first commander of Islamic Army.
 In Uhd battle Muslim women participated firstly.
 Battle of Mauta was the first non Arab War.
 The person killed by the Holy Prophet was Ubay Bin Kalf.
 In Battle of Uhad, the teeth of Holy Prophet were martyred.
 Khalid bin Walid was titled Saif-ul-Allah in battle Moata.
 Abu Jahal was killed in Battle of Badr by Maaz (add)
 The first Shaheed (Martyr) was Amaar bin Yaasir
 First female martyr: Summaya (mother of Amaar bin Yaasir)
 The first person to be martyred in the Battle of Badr was the freed slave of Hazrat Umar :
Muhaj’jah
 Khalid bin Walid was removed from the service in the reign of Hazrat Umar Farooq
(RA). He was removed in 17 A.H.
 Hazrat Ali established Bait-ul-Maal.
 During the caliphate of Umar (RA) Iran was conquered.
 Masjid Al Aqsa is the first Mosque ever built on the earth.
 Battle of Yermuk was fought in 634 A.D.:
 Khyber conquest made in 7th Hijra (628 A.D)
 The Ghazwa in which the Holy Prophet Pbuh missed four prayers was Ghazwa Khandaq.
 First woman martyr Samiya by Abu Jahl.
 First man martyr Haris bin Abi Hala.
 Jihad means to strive hard.
 Jihad made obligatory in 2nd A.H.

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 The battle was forbidden in Arabs in the month of Muharam.

 Hazrat khalid Bin Waleed Accepted Islam in 6 Hijri.
 Hazrat Sufyan accepted Islam in 8 Hijri.
 Hazrat Moaz was Governor of Yemen.

SALAAT

• Namaz-e-Khasoof is offered for Moon Eclipse and Solar Eclipse.

• Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered for Rain.

• Holy Prophet offered Jumma Prayer in 1. A.H.

• Namaz-e-Istasqa is offered with backside of hands upward.

• Holy prophet offered first Eid Prayer in 2. A.H. Eid Namaz is Wajib.

• A person who performs prayer alone is Munfarid.

• Farz in wuzu=4, Sunats=14.

• Farz in Ghusual=3, Sunats=5

• Types of Sunnah prayer are of two types.

• In Fajr, Maghrib & witr no chage in farz rakaat in case of Qasr.

• Takbeer-e-Tashreeq is recited in Eid-ul-Uzha.

• Jumma prayer is Farz salat.

• Conditions of Salat are Seven.

• takbeer-e-Tehreema are to be said in the salat: one.

• Jasla is wajib. To sit straight in Salat is called Qa’ada. Qa’ada is farz.

• Salat Juma became Farz in Madina.

• Five salat made compulsory in 10th Nabvi.

ZAKAT

• Zakat means to purify. Zakat was made obligatory in 2. A.H.

• 7-1/2 is the nasab of gold and 52-1/2 tolas for silver.

• Injunction of utilization of zakat is in Surah-al Tauba.

• Number of heads for distribution of zakat are 8.

• Zakat mentioned along with Namaz in the Quran 22 times.

• 5 Camels, 40 goats, 3 cows and buffaloes is nisab for zakat.

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• 1/10 is the nisab of irrigated produce.

• Zakat is treasure of Islam; it is the saying of holy prophet.

• Usher means 1/10.

• Khums means 1/5.

• Word Zakat occurs in Quran for 32 times.

• In 2nd A.H the rate and method of distribution of Zakat was determined at Madina.

• Kharaj is spoils of war.

• Fay is income from town lands.

• Zakat on produce of mines is 1/5th.

• Ushr on artificially irrigated land is 1/20th.

• Al-Gharmain means debtors.

SAUM / FASTING

• There are two types of zakat. SAUM / FASTING

• Fast means to stop .Fasting made obligatory in 2nd A.H.

• Fasting is commanded in al-Bakarah.

• Feed 60 people is the atonement for breaking the fast or sixty sontinuous fasts..

• Bab-ul-Riayn is the door for fast observing people.

• Tarrawih means to rest.

• Battle of Badr was fought in very first of Ramzan on 17th.

• Umar arranged the Namaz-e-Tarrawih.

• Month of Ramzan is known as Sayeed us Shahoor.

• Five days are forbidden for fasting throughout the year.

• Wajib means ordained.

• 1st Ashra of Ramzan=Ashra-e-Rehmat.

• 2nd Ashra=Ashra-e-Maghfirat.

• 3rd Ashra=Ashra-e-Nijat.

HAJJ

Hajj means to intend.

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• Hajj made compulsory in 9 A.H.

• First Hajj offered in 9 A.H.

• Hajj ordained in Surah Bakr.

• The holy prophet performed only 1 Hajj in 10th A.H.

• Jamart-throwing of pebbles, it is performed on 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of Zul Hajj.

• Maghrib and Isha both prayers are offered together at Muzdalifa on 9th Zil Hajj.

• Yome-Afra is called to Hajj day.

• Name of the place where the pilgrims go from Arafat: Muzdalfa.

• Tur-e-Sina was the mountain where Hazrat Musa (AS) received Allah’s message.

• Glorious palace near Adan built by Bani Aad was known as Garden of Iram.

Al-Quran

Kalima Tayyaiba is mentioned in Quran for 2 times.

• The word Quran means “read one”.

• 114 total number of Surah.

• Surah means city of Refuge.

• 86 Makki Surah.

• 28 Madine Surah.

• 558 Rukus.

• Al-Baqrah is the longest Surah.

• Al- Kausar is the shortest Surah.

• Al-Nass is the last surah.

• 14 bows are in Quran.

• First bow occurs in 9th Para i.e Al-Inaam Surah.

• Al-Faitha is the preface of the holy Quran.

• Five verses were reveled in the first wahy.

• Namaz commanded in quran for 700 times.

• Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded.

• Al-Mudassar-2nd Revealed Surah.

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• Al-Muzammil- 3rd Revealed Surah.

• Al-Tauba does not start with Bismillah.

• Al-Namal contains two Bismillahs.

• Three surah starts with curse.

• 6666 is the number of Ayats.

• 29 total number of Mukata’t.

• Hazrat Usman was the first Hafiz of the Holy Quran.

• Hazrat Khalid Bin Saeed, the first writer of Wahy.

• Gap between first wahy and second wahy was 6 months.

• 12 Ghazawahs described in Holy Quran.

• Abdullah Ibn Abbas, the first commentator of the Quran and also known as interpreter of the
Quaran.

• In surah Al-Saf, Hoy prophet is addressed as Ahmed.

• Ghar-e-Sor is mentioned in Surah Al-Tauba.

• 4 Surhas start with Qul. (chkd)

• Hazrat Umar proposed the compilation of Holy Quran.

• Al- Nasr is known as Surah Widah.

• First annulled order of holy quran was the transfer of Qibla.

• The word Islam occurs 6 times in the Quran.

• Abdul Malik Marwan applied the dots in the Holy Quran.

• Hajjaj bin yousuf applied diacritical points in Quaran.

• 8 Siparas starts with Bismillah.

• 37 total number of surah in last parah.

• Al- Baqrah and Surah Al-Nissa is spread over 3 Parahs.

• Al-Falq and Al-Nas revealed at the same time.

• 3 Surah stats with “Ya Ayananabiyau”.

• City of Rome is mentioned in Holy Quran.

• Surah Yaseen is known as Heart of Quran.

Suran Rehman is known as beauty of Quran.

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• Tafseer Ibn Kaseer was written by Hafiz Ismaeed Bin Umar-Imam Ud Din.

• First revealed surah was Al Alaq, 96 in arrangement

• Complete revelation in 23 years.

• Subject of Holy Quran is Man.

• Last Surah reveled in Al-Nasr.

• Risalat means to convey message.

• 25 prophets mentioned in holy Quran.

• Holy Quran consist 105684 words and 3236700 letters.

• Longest Ayat of Holy Quran is Ayatul Kursi.

• 6 Surah start with the name of prophets.

• Surah maryam wholly revealed for a woman.

• In Bani Israeel and Al-Najaf the event of Miraj is explained.

• Last revelation descended on 3rd Rabi-ul Awal and it was written by Abi- Bin Kab. (chk)

• Language of Divine Books.

• Taurat Hebrew

• Injil Siriac

• Zubur Siriac

• Holy Quran Arabic.

• Taurat was the first revealed book.

• Holy Quran was reveled in 22y 5m 14 days.

• There are 7 stages in Holy Quran.

• Shah Waliullah Translated Holy Quran in Persian and Shah Rafiuddin in Urdu in 1776.

• Hafiz Lakhvi translated Holy Quran in Punjabi.

• Ross translated the Holy Quran in to English.

• Surah Alaq was revealed on 18th Ramzan.(contradictory)

• Number of Aayats in al-Bakar is 286.

• Longest Makki Surah is Aaraf.

• Second longest Surah is Ashrah/Al-Imran.

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• Surah Kausar has 3 Aayats.

• First Surah compilation wise is Surah Fatiha. Fatiha means opening. Fatiha contains 7 aayats.

• Fatiha is also called Ummul Kitab.

• First surah revealed in Madina was surah Fatiha.

• Surah Fatiha revealed twice-in Makkah & Madina.

• Angles mentioned in Quran are7.

• Meaning of Hadith is to take.

• Stone mentioned in Quran is ruby (Yaakut).

• First Sajda occurs in 9th Para, Al-Inaam Surah.

• Longest Surah (al-Bakr) covers 1/12th of Quran.

• Madni Surahs are generally longer. Madni Surahs consist of1/3rd of Quran.

• Makki Surahs consist of2/3rd of Quran.

• Surah Ikhlas is 112 Surah of Quran.

• First complete Madni Surah is Baqarah.

• Names of Quran mentioned in Quran is 55.

Surahs named after animals are 4 in number.

• Namal means Ant.

• Surah Inaam means Camel.

• Surah Nahl means Honey bee.

• Surah Ankaboot means spider.

• The major part of Quran is revealed at night time.

• Generally aayats of Sajida occur in Makki Surahs.

• 10 virtues are blessed for recitation of one word of Quran.

• Surah Anfal means Cave.

• In Naml two bismillah occur (2nds one is at aayat no:30)

• Surah Kahf means the cave.

• Muzammil means Wrapped in garments.

• Kausar means Abundance.

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• Nasr means Help.

• Ikhlas means Purity of faith.

• Falak means Dawn.

• Un-Nass means Mankind.

• Al-alq means Clot of blood.

• Alm Nashrah means Expansion.

• Uz-zukhruf means Ornaments.

• Surah Rahman is in 27th Para.

• Bride of Quran is Rahman Surah.

• Surah Yasin is in 22nd and 23rd Para.

• Present shape of quran is Taufeeqi.

• Quran is the greatest miracle of Prophet.

• Word surah has occurred in Quran 9 times.

• First seven aayats of quran are called Tawwal.

• The alphabet Alf comes most of times and Alf, Zuwad Alphabet comes least in

Surah Alq is both Makki and Madni.

• Name of Muhammad is mentioned in Quran for 4 times.

• Torat means light.

• Zaboor means Pieces/ Book written in big letters.

• Injeel means Good news.

• 99 number of aayats describe Khatam-e- Nabuwat.

• Command against Juva & amputation of hands came 8th A.H

• Laws about orphanage revealed in 3 A.H.

• Laws about Zina revealed in 5 A.H.

• Laws about inheritance revealed in 3 A.H.

• In 4th A.H wine was prohibited.

• The order of Hijab for women reveled in 4th A.H.

• Ablution made obligatory in 5th A.H.

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• In Surah Al-Nisa the commandment of Wuzu is present.

• Procedure of ablution is present in Surah Maaidah.

• In 4 A.H Tayammum was granted.

• Interest was prohibited in 8th A.H.

• The order of Hijiab reveled in 8th Hijrah.

• Quran verse abrogating a previous order is called Naasikh.

First man to recite Quran in Makkah: Abdullah bin Masood.

• Kashf means Vision.

• Initially Quran was preserved in memory form.

• After Umar’s death, copy of quran was passed on to Hafsa.

• Only Sahabi mentioned in Quran Zaid bin Haris.(surah ahzab)

• Paradise is mentioned in Quran for150 times. Section of Paradise in which Prophets will dwell
Mahmood.

• Doors of Hell are 7. Subterranean part of hell is Hawia. Number of angles of hell 19.

• Gate-keeper of hell Malik. Gate-keeper of heaven Rizwan.

• Place of heaven at which people whose good deeds equal bad deeds will be kept in Aaraf.

• A tree in hell emerging from its base is Zakoon.

• Name of the mountain of hell is Saud.

• Heaven on earth was built by Shadad.

• The word Islam has been used at 92 places in the holy quran.

• First revelation written by Khalid bin Saeed. Last wahi written by Abi Ibn Kaaf.

• Last wahi came on3rd Rabiul Awal 11 A.D

• Except the name of Maryam the name of no other woman has come explicitly in the Quran.

• Iblees means “disappointed one”.

• If a woman marries the second time, she will be in Jannah with the second husband. (Hadith)

• The Earth and the Heaven were created by Allah in 6 days, it is described in Surah Yunus.

• Zaid bin Thabit collected the Quran in the form of Book.

• In Surah Muzzamil verse 73 reading quran slowly and clearly is ordained.

• 4 Mosque mentioned in Holy Quran.

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• Jibraeel is referred in Quran as Ar-rooh. In Quran Rooh-al-Qudus is Jibrael it means holy spirit.

• In Quran Rooh-al-Ameen is Jibrael.

• Incharge of Provisions is Mekaeel.

• The angel who was sent to Prophets as a helper against enemies of Allah was Jibraeel.

• The Angel who sometimes carried Allah’s punishment for His disobedients was Jibraeel.

• Old Testament is the Torait.

• There are two types of Farz.

• Saloos-ul-Quran is Surah Ikhlas.

• Aroos-ul-Quran i.e bride of Quran is Al-Rehman.

• Meaning of Baqarah: The Goat

UMMUL MOMINEEN
Umat-ul-Momineen is called to Wives of Holy prophet.

• Zainab bint Khazeema is known as Ummal Masakeen.

• Hazat Umme-e-Salma the wife of holy prophet died in last.

• Abu Bakar gave the collection of Quran to Hazrat Hafsa.

• Khadija died on the tenth of Ramadan 10 Nabvi.

• In the Cottage of Hazrat Ayesha, prophet spent his last days.

• Khadija died at 65 years age.

• Last wife of Prophet Um Maimoona. (Hazrat Javeria)

• The second wife named Sauda.

• Ummmul momineen died last was Umaay Salma.

• Hazrat Khadija was the first person to read Namaz amongst the Ummah of the Prophet.

• Umm-e-Salma was alive at Karbala tragedy. She was the last of the wives of Prophet to die.

• After the victory of Khyber, Prophet married Hazrat Safia.

• Hazrat Maria Qibtiya gave birth to Hazrat Ibrahim, son of Prophet.

• Third wife of Prophet was Hazrat Ayesha.

• The eldest daughter of Prophet was Zainab.

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• Grand daughter of Prophet was Ummamah.

• Qasim was born in 11 years before Prophethood.

• Total number of sons of Prophet was 3. Eldest son of the Prophet Qasim.

Third son-in-law of Prophet was Abul A’as.

COMPANIONS OF PROPHET
• Hamza & Hussain are known as leader of Martyrs.

• Hazrat Usman Bin Talha was the Key holder of Kaaba.

•Hazrat Saad bin Ubi waqas conquered Persia firstly.

PERIODS OF CALIPHS

• Abu Bakar 632-634 .Abu Bakar 2y 3m

• Hazrat Umar 634-644. Hazrat Umar 10y 5m 21d.

• Hazrat Usman 644-656. • Hazrat Usman 12y.

• Hazrat Ali 656-661 . Hazrat Ali 4y 9m.

• Hazrat Abu Bakar was the merchant of cloth. Real name of Hazrat Abu Bakar was Abdullah.
Apostasy movement took place in the khilafat of Abu Bakar. Hazrat Abu Bakar died in 22nd of
Jamadi-us-Sani 13 AH.

• Hazrat Umar embraced Islam at the age of 33 or 27. Abu Lulu Feroz, the slave martyred Hazrat
Umar Farooq. Hazrat Umar Farooq was martyred on 1st Muharram 24 A.H. Hazrat Umar
introduced Hijra Calender.

• Hazat Usman is known as Zul Noorain because he wedded with two daughters of Prophet:
Rukya+Umme Qulsoom. Usman accepted Islam at the instigation of Abu Bakar.

• Asadullah & Haider-e-Karar were the epithets of Hazrat Ali.

• Ali married Fatima in 2nd Hijra. Hazrat Ali was born at Khane-e-Kaaba. Hazrat Ali was
martyred on 21st Ramzan 40 A.H. In Ghazwa Uhad Hazrat Ali was awarded with Zulifqar.

• Hazrat Umer accepted islam in 616 A.D. Hazrat Umar established the office of Qazi. Hazrat
Umar added As Salato Khairum Min Noum. Hazrat Umar embraced the Islam at the age of 34.

• Usman migrated to Habsha. Hazat Usman participated in all battles except Badr.

• Only sahabi without seeing Prophet Awais Karni.

• Umar levied zakat on horses. Ali lifted zakat on horses.

• Abu Bakr had knowledge of dreams.

• Usman added 2nd Azan for Friday prayers.

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• Atique is the title of Hazrat Abu Bakr.

• Hazrat Umar established Department of Police. Hazrat Umar formed a parliament, namely
Majlis-e-Aam.

• Ghani was the title of Hazrat Usman (RA).

Hazrat Ali has the title the gateway to knowledge. Hazrat Ali remained Caliph for 4 years and 9
months. Hazrat Ali is buried at Najaf.

• Khalild bin Waleed embraced Islam in 7th Hijra.

• First Moazin of Islam, Hazrat Bilal. Hazrat Bilal was slave of Ummaiya Bin Half.

• Hazrat Umar was the first person to perform Janazah Salaah in Jamaat with four Takbeers.

• The first person to become murtad (out of the folds of Islam) was either Muqees bin Khubaaba
or Ubaidullah bin Jahash.

• Salah-udin Ayubi conquered Bait ul Muqadas.

• Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is buried at Baghdad.

ISLAMIC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

• From amongst the animals, the first animal to be brought back to life will be the Buraaq of
Prophet Muhammad.

• The first meal in Jannah will be fish liver. The first Ibaadat on earth was Tauba (repentance).

• The first Mujaddid of Islam is Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz. First book of Hadith compiled was
Muata by Imam Malik. S

• Badshahi mosque Lahore was built by Shah Jahan.

• Faisal mosque was opened for public in 1987.

• Umm-us-Saheehain is Imam Malik: Mauta.

• Mohd: bin Ismael Bukhari comprised of 4,000 hadiths

• Bukhari Sharif & Muslim Sharif are called Sahihain.

• Imam Tirmazy was a student of Abu Dawood.

• Rabia Basry was born in 95 A.H.

• Baqee Billah revolted against Akbar’s deen-e-Ilahi firstly.

Shaikh Ahmed Sirhandi was given the title of Mujadid alf Sani by Mullana Abdul Hakeem.

• Baba Fareed Ganj Shakr married to the daughter of Balban.

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TOPIC No- 22
UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of

193 Member States. The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San
Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and
came into force on 24 October 1945. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by
the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.

PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and
Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN
Secretariat. All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.

AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD
 International Labour Organization (ILO)
 International Maritime Organization (IMO)
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
 Universal Postal Union (UPU)
 World Bank Group (WBG)
 World Health Organization (WHO
 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
 World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
 World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
 World Trade Organization (WTO)

WORLD ORGANIZATIONS

AL-FATAH.It is the leading Palestinian organization. It remained underground till 1965.

Originally it was led by Yasir Arafat and Abu Jihad. Now Arafat controls Palestinian Liberation
Organization since 1969.

ABD (Asian Development Bank)

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 Date of Formation.ADB was formed in 1966 with 31 members.

 History and Objectives.The Asian Development Bank was established in 1966 to
provide confessionals credits to needy countries.
 Headquater.Manila(Philippines)

ARAB LEAGUE

 Date of Formation. Established on March 22,1945.

 Headquater. Cairo (Egypt)

ASEAN (ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NAIONS)

 Date of Formation.Founded on August 8,1967 in Bangkok (Thailand).

 History and Objectives.Five countries of Asia namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipines,
Thailand and Singapore formed this Organization in 1967.
 Headquater.Jakarta (Indonesia)

THE COMMONWEALTH

 Date of Formation.The commonwealth was formed by the United Kingdom, Australia

and New Zealand.
 History and Objectives.This body was originally called the British commonwealth of
Nations. The membership of Pakistan has been suspended 3 times till 2007.
 Headquater.London (United Kingdom)

D8 (DEVELOPING EIGHT)

 Date of Formation.Formed on 15 June at Istanbul (Turkey).

 Members. 1.Bangladesh 2. Egypt 3. Indonesia 4. Iran 5.Iran
6. Iran 7. Malaysia 8. Nigeria 9.Pakistan 10. Turkey

EU (EUROPEAN UNION)

 Date of Formation.1950, In 1994, the European community was given the name of
Eurpean Union.
 Members. By the end of 2013, EU comprised of 28 members.

ECO (ECONOMIC COOPRATION ORGANIZATION)

 Date of Formation.January 1985. ECO Day is observed on Nov 28.

 History and Objectives. ECO was, infact the revival of RCD day (Regional Cooperation
for Development) which had practically become dormant after Islamic revolution of Iran
in 1979. Originally Pakistan, Iran and Turkey revived ECO.

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 Members. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Krygyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan,

Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

GCC(Gulf Cooperation Council)

Date of Formation.May 25,1981.

 History and Objectives. Six countries of Persian Gulf area established GCC.
 Members. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia& UAE.

ICRC:(International committee of Red Cross)

 Date of Formation.ICRC was formed in 1883.

 History and Objectives.International committee of Red Cross was formed in 1883 to
look after the interests of victims of war.
 Headquater.Geneva (Switzerland)

INTERPOL (INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION)

 Date of Formation.INTERPOL was formed in 1956.

 History and Objectives.INTERPOL is the successor of International Criminal
Commission that was formed in 1923. INTERPOL works for coordination among the
International police authorities regarding information about activities of the criminals at
national and international level.

NAM (NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT)

 Date of Formation.October 1961.

 History and Objectives. The establishment of NAM was the result of a two day
conference held in July 1956 at Brioni (Yugoslavia) between President Naseer Egypt,
Prime Minister Nehru of India and President Tito of Yugoslavia.
 Members. By June 2003, NAM comprised 116 members.

OPEC (ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES)

 Date of Formation.OPEC was formed on November 14, 1960.

OIC (ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC CONFERNCE)

 Date of Formation.25th Sep 1969.

 History and Objectives. The organization of Islamic Conference was established by the
Heads of Islamic Countries in their first summit conference held in Rabat from 22nd to
25th September, 1969.

SAARC (SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPRATION)

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 Date of Formation.December 8, 1985 in Dhaka.

 History and Objectives.In May 1980 President Zia-ur-Rehman of Bangladesh proposed
the formation of a Regional Association in South Asia for the Welfare of the Asian
people. SAARC held its first summit meeting on Dec 8, 1985.
 Headquater.Khatmandu (Nepal).

SCO (SHANGHAI COOPRATION ORGANIZATUON)

 Date of Formation.15 June, 2001

 History and Objectives.China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan.

CENTO( CENTRAL TREATY ORGANIZATION)

 Date of Formation. February 24, 1955.

NATO (NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION)

 Date of Formation.April 4, 1949.

 History and Objectives.NATO is basically a defence alliance which was established in
1949 to provide security to the European states against communist aggression.
 Headquater.Brussels (Belgium).

TOPIC No- 23
MOST PROMINENT IN THE WORLD

THE PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.The solar system consist of the sun and the eight
planets revolving around it. Each planet takes different length of time to complete its orbit
around the sun.

Ser Planet Period of rotation around the sun (in day)

1. Mercury 59 Days

2. Venus 243 Days

3. Earth 24 Hours

4. Mars 24 Hours

5. Jupiter 9 Hours

6. Saturn 10 Hours

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7. Uranus 17 Hours

8. Neptune 18-20 Hours

Ser Continent %of World Total Area

1. Asia 30.0
CON

2. Africa 20.4 TINE

NET
3. Europe 7.1 S OF
THE
4. North America 16.3 WOR
LD
5. South America 6.8

O
6. Australia 5.2
CEA

7. Antarctica 8.9 NS
OF
THE WORLD

Ser Names of Ocean/Sea

1. Pacific Ocean

2. Atlantic Ocean

3. Indian Ocean

4. Southern Ocean

5. Arctic Ocean

Ser Name of the Desert Country

1. Sahara N. Africa

2. Gobi China

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3. Libyan Libya

4. Rub al-Khali Saudi Arabia T

5. Kalahari S. Africa HE
LA
6. Great Sandy NW Australia
RG
7. Great Victoria SW Australia EST
8. Taklimakan China DES
ER
9. Chilhuahua Mexico
TS
10. Kara kum Turkmenistan
OF
TH
E WORLD

The Largest Continent.Asia is the largest continent of the world. It covers about one third of
the total dry land of the world.

The Smallest Continent.Australia has the distinction of being the smallest continent of the
world.

The Largest Ocean.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean of the world. It extends between
Asia, Australia, Antarctica and America.

The Longest River.Nile River.

The Smallest Ocean. Indian Ocean is the smallest ocean. The Indian Ocean lies in the South of
the continent of Asia and extends up to Australia.

The Largest Desert. The Sahara is the largest desert of the world and covers mostly the North
Africa.

The Largest Country In Aria. Russian Federation is the largest country of the world almost
twice the size of USA and about twenty times the size of Pakistan. Canada is the 2 nd largest
country in the world.

Smallest Country by Area.Vatican City.

The most Populous Country.China is the most populous country of the world.

The Country with the Smallest Population.Vatican City.

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The Largest Democracy.India is considered as the largest democracy of the world.

The largest Island.Greenland located off NE North America is the Lrgest Island of the world.
New Guinea is the second.

The Uninhabited Continent. Antarctica.

The Largest Natural Lake.Caspian Sea.

The Largest Sea.The South China Sea.

The Greatest Mountain Range.The Himalaya mountain range (Asia) is the greatest mountain
range in the world. The highest mountain peak, Mount Everest is located in this range.

The Longest Mountain Range.Andes.

Highest Mountain Peak. Mount Everest is the highest mountain peak. It is Local on Nepal-
Tibet border in the Himalayas. Its height is 8850 m ( 29,035 ft).

The Tallest Building. Burj Al- Khalifa (Dubai), 828 m in height ( 2,717 feet).

The Largest Land Mammal. African Elephant

The Largest Sea Mammal. Whale Fish

The Tallest Animal.Giraffe.

The Largest Bird. Ostrich

The Smallest Bird.Hummingbird.

The Largest Planet.Jupiter.

The Smallest Planet. Pluto

The Brightest Planet. Venus

The closest Planet to the Earth. Venus

The Hottest Planet. Venus

The Coldest Planet. Neptune.

Wonders of the World

 Great Wall of China (Visible from moon also)

 Leaning Tower of Pisa

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 Hanging Gardens of Babylon

 Pyramids of Egypt.

TOPIC No- 22
SCIENCE NOTES

1. Vernier Caliper. It is an important instrument used to measure the internal and external
diameter and length of a substance up to 0.1 mm.
2. Scalar Quantities. Physical quantities which are completely specifies by the magnitude
expressed in suitable units e.g. Mass, Value, Length, Speed, Time, Work, Density etc.
3. Vector Quantities. Quantities which require magnitude as well as direction for their
complete description e.g Force, Acceleration, Displacement, Velocity, Torque etc.
4. Speed. It is defined as distance travelled in unit time. It is a scalar quantity. So the unit
of speed will be Speed=distance/time= meter/second.
5. Velocity. It is the rate of change of displacementalong a particular direction. It is a vector
quantity.
6. Acceleration: It is defined as the rate of change of velocity so the unit of acceleration
will Acceleration= Velocity/time.
7. Newton’s Law of Motions
a. 1st Law of Motion. In the absence of an external force, a body at rest will remain
at rest and a body in motion will it continue to motion in a straight line.
b. 2nd Law of Motion. When a force is applied on a body it produces acceleration in
it which is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to
the mass of the body.
c. 3rd Law of Motion. To every action there is equal and opposite reaction.
8. Law of Gravitation. Everybody in this universe attracts each other with force which is
directly propositional to the product of their masses and inversely propositional to the
square of the distance between their centers.
9. Mass and Weight
a. Mass in scalar while weight in a vector quantity.
b. Mass remains constant everywhere while weight changes i.e height depth.
c. The unit of mass is kilogram while unit of weight is Newton.
10. Kinetic EnergyThe energy due to the motion of a baby is called kinetic energy.
K.E= 1/2mv^2

11. Potential EnergyThe energy due to the position of a body is called potential energy.

12.Momentum. It is the product of mass and velocity. (M=m.v)

13. Power. It is the rate of doing work.

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14. Energy. It is defined as the capacity of doing work. There are two types of energy
kinetic and potential.

15. Centripetal Force. When a body moves in circle with a uniform motion, it is subject to a
force direct towards the center this is called centripetal force.

16. Centrifugal Force.It is a force while acts on a rotating body under the influence of which the
body tends to move outward along the radius.

17. Machine. It is a device which enables us to multiply force or gain in speed or change the
direction of the force.

18. Friction. If the two bodies be in contact with one another the property by virtue of which a
force is exerted between them at their point of contact to prevent one body slipping over the
other is called friction and the force between is called force of friction.

19. Pascal’s Law. The pressure exerted by a liquid is transmitted equally in all direction.

20. Hook’s Law.“Within elastic limits, stress is “directly propotional to the strain”

21. Barometer. A device to measure the atmospheric pressure is called “barometer”

22. Archimedes Principal. “When an object is immersed in a liquid it experiences upward thrust
and losses its weight, which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced it.”

23. Pressure and Thrust. When two bodies are in contact, the force which acts between them is
called Thrust=pressure Area

24. RadioactivityThe phenomenon of emission of radiation from an element is called

“radioactivity.”

25. GalvanometerIt is very sensitive instrument with which we can detect electronic current.

26. Semi Conductor. Those substances whose conductivity lies b/w conductors and insulators.

27. Electric Motor. A device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called
“Electric motor”.

28. Boyle’s Law. If the temperature of gas remains constant, its pressure was inversely as the
volume.

29. Charles’s Law.Volume of a given mass of any gas is directly proportional to the inversely.
As the volume.

31. Current. “The flow of charge through a certain cross section area is called current.”

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32. Newton’s Law of Cooling.The law states that the rate at which a body loses heat is
proportional to the differences of temperature between the body and its surrounding independent
of the nature of the body.

33. Heat.It is an agent which produces the sensation of warmth. Its effect are rise, temperature,
and increase in volume, change of state chemical and physical action.

34. Reflection. When a ray of light is incident obliquely on a surface of separation between two
media, a part of its goes in to a second medium along with a part different from the direction of
the incident ray.

37. Rainbow.Sometimes an arc of beautiful colors appears in the sky after a shower, this is
called rainbow. It is produces by the dispersion of light. After the ray, innumerable droplets of
ware remain suspended Hight up in the air, when sun light falls thesedroplets, it gets splits as
each is like prism. Each ray of light entering the drop suffers refraction and total internal
reflection, and a rainbow is formed on the sky. It formed on the side opposite to where the sun is
located.

38. Focal Length. The distance between focus point (principal focus) and the pole of the mirror.

39. Speed of Sound. 331 m/s

40. Transvers Waves.The waves in which the particles of the medium or the disturbance travel
is perpendicular to direction in which wave travel.

41. Longitudinal Wave. The wave in which disturbance is parallel to the line of travel of the
wave.

42. Torque. The turning effect of force upon an object. T=fd

43. Capacitor.A device to store charge.

44. Weather. The condition of any region for one or two days is called weather.

45. Sound. Stimulus capable of producing the sensation of hearing is called sound.

46. Coulomb’s Law.The force of attraction or repulsion between the two points of charges is
directly proportional to the produce of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square
of distance between them.

TOPIC No- 23
PAKISTAN ARMED FORCES

President of Pakistan serves as the Supreme Commander of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

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PAKISTAN ARMY

Motto of Pakistan Army:Iman, Taqwa, Jehad Fisbillilah

Army has following main fields

1. Fighting Arms

Infantry: Rifles, Light Machine Guns, Motars, Rocket Launchers

Armour: Tanks (Al-Khalid, Zarar, T80 UD)

2. Supporting Arms

Artillery:Guns

Air Defence:Anti-Aircraft Guns

Engineers: Road construction, Bridge construction, Mineslaying& Lifting

Signals: Provision of Tel & Wireless communication

3. Services

Ordnance: Provision of Weapon/ Ammunition, Clothing etc.

ASC: Provision of fuel, Food, Vehicles.

AMC: Provision of Medical Support.

EME: Provision of Vehicles technical support.

Pakistan Army Aviation:

 Attack Helicopter - Bell Cobra, Ml-35

 Utility Helicopter - MI-17, Puma, Alouetta, Lama, Fennec, Ecurevil, Bell UH-1
 Transport - Cessna, Harbin y-12, Turbo Commander Air 350.

Hilal-e-eIstaqlal has been awarded to following cities in 1965:

 Lahore
 Sialkot
 Sargodha

Difference between International Border & Line of Control:

 International border is a well-recognized border between any two countries.

 Line of control (LOC) is a disputed border between Pakistan & India in Kashmir area.

PAKISTAN NAVY

Navy Day is celebrated on 8 September in Commemoration of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965.

Motto. Himmat ka Alam, Allah ka Karam, Moujon pay Qadam ( Of courage, God’s grace, tread
on the waves).

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Branches:

 Operations
 Marine Engineering
 Air Engineering
 Logistics
 Medical Service
 Supply Branch
 Special Branch(IT)
 Executive Branch

Ships: List of Pakistan Navy Ship (PNS) are as follow;

 PNS Zulfiqar
 PNS Alamgir
 PNS Tippu Sultan
 PNS Larkana
 PNS Badar

Submarines. Pakistan Navy has got French origion Agosta submarines.

Aircraft Flown

 Bomber : JF-17
 Electronic Warfare : Hawker
 Helicopter: West Landsea King, Aerospatiale, Alouette, Harbin
 Patrol : Lockheed Orion
Fokker
ATR-72

Reconnaissance: Gids Uqab

Boeing Scan Eagle

EMT Luna X

PAKISTAN AIR FORCE

Motto: Sahra Ast K Darya Ast, Taho Baalao Parma Ast ( Sehra Ho K Daryaa Sab Mere Paron K
Neechay Hain)

Branches

 General Duties (Pilot)

 General Duities (Navigator)
 Air Defence
 Engineering
 Logistics
 Information Technology
 Education
 Accounts
 Legal
 Meteorology

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 Administration & Special Duties

 Medical

AircraftsList of Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force (PAF) are as follow:

 JF-17 Thunder (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)

 F-16 (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 Mirage (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 F-7 (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 F-7 PG (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 C-130 (Cargo Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 IL-78 (Cargo / Refeuller Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 CASA (Cargo / Passenger Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 Y-12 (VVIP Passenger Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 SAAB-2000 (VIP Passenger Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 FDA-21 (Reconnaissance Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 ZTK (Reconnaissance Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 CESNA (VIP Passenger Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 CITATION (VIP Passenger Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)
 J-10 C (Fighter Aircraft of Pakistan Air Force)

Gallantry Awards of Pakistan Army:

 Nishan-e-Haider
 Hilal-e-Kahmir
 Hilal-e- Jurat
 Sitara-e-Jurat
 Tamgha-e-Jurat

RECIPIENTS OF NISHAN-E-HAIDER

Ser Name Unit &Service Rank Conflict Date of death

1 Saif Ali Janjua 5 Azad Kashmir Naik Indo 26 oct 1948

Regiment, Pakistan Pakistani
Army war of
1947

2 RajaMuhammad 2/1Punjab Captain Indo 27 July 1948

Sarvar Shaheed Regiment, Pakistan Pakistani
Army War of
1947

3 Tofail Muhammad 16th Punjab Major Indo-Pak 7 Aug 1958

Shaheed Regiment Border border
Guards East Pakistan skirmish

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Rifles, Pakistan 1958

Army

4 Raja Aziz Bhatti 17 Punjab Major Indo- 10 Sep 1965

Shaheed Regiment, Pakistan Pakistan
Army war of
1965

5 Rashid Minhas No.2 Fighter Pilot Indo- 20 Aug 1971

Shaheed Conversion officer Pakistani
Unit, PakistanAir war of
Force 1971

6 Muhaammad 4 Frontier Force Major Indo- 5 Dec 1971

Akram Shaheed Regiment, Pakistan Pakistani
Army war of
1971

7 Shabir Sharif 6 Frontier Force Major Indo- 6 Dec 1971

Shaheed Regiment, Pakistan Pakistani
Army war of
1971

8 Muhammad 20Lancers Sowar Indo- 10 Dec 1971

Hussain Janjua (Armoured Pakistani
Shaheed Corps), Pakistan war of
Army 1971

9 Muhammad 15 Punjab Lance Indo- 17 Dec 1971

Mehfooz Shaheed Regiment, Pakistan Naik Pakistani
Army war of
1971

10 Kamal Sher Khan 27 Sindh Captain Kargil 5 July 1999

Shaheed Regiment/12 War
Northern Light
Infantry, Pakistan
Army

11 LalakJan Shaheed 12 Northern Light Hawaldar Kargil 7 July 1999

Infantry, Pakistan War
Army

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RANKS OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF PAKISTAN

ARMED FORCES

PAKISTAN ARMY PAKISTAN NAVY PAKISTAN AIR FORCE

Field Marshal Marshal of theFleet Marshal of the Air Force

General Admiral Air Chief Marshal

Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Air Marshal

Major General Rear Admiral Air Vice Marshal

Brigadier Commodore Air Commodore

Colonel Captain Group Captain

Lieutenant Colonel Commander Wing Commander

Major Lieutenant Commander Squadron Leader

Captain Lieutenant Lieutenant Flight Lieutenant

Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Flying Officer

Second Lieutenant Midshipman Pilot Officer

RANKS OF JUNIOR COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF

PAKISTAN ARMED FORCES

PAKISTAN ARMY PAKISTAN NAVY PAKISTAN AIR FORCE

Subedar Major Master Chief Petty Officer Chief Warrant Officer

Subedar Fleet Chief Petty Officer Warrant Officer

Naib Subedar Chief Petty Officer Assistant Warrant Officer

RANKS OF NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF

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PAKISTAN ARMED FORCES

PAKISTAN ARMY PAKISTAN NAVY PAKISTAN AIR FORCE

Haveldar Petty Officer Senior Technician

Nike Leading-I Corporal Technician

Lance Nike Leading-II Junior Technician

Sepoy (Soldier) Seaman Senior Aircraftman

Recruit ableseaman AC (Trainee)

TOPIC No- 24
IMPROVE YOUR COMPREHENSION

QUESTIONS RELATED TO COMMON SENSE

1. Which one is greater: 1/3 or ¾?

Ans: 3/4
2. Which one of the two is greater: ½ or 2/4?
Ans: Equal
3. Solve:2+2x2?
Ans: 6
4. Solve:3x3+3?
Ans:12
5. Solve:4-4x4?
Ans: -12
6. Add 1/3 and 2/3
Ans: 1
7. Add ½ and 2/4
Ans:1
8. Multiply 0.6 with 0.5
Ans: 0.3
9. Multiply 0.01 with 0.1
Ans: 0.001
10. In a class there are 60 boys and girls; while, girls strength is 33 % of total strength. What
is the strength of girls in the class?
Ans: 20 Girls
11. Solve:2+2x2/2

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Ans: 4
12. Solve: 16-4+8
Ans: 12
13. The answer of two digits upon multiplication is 11. What are these two digits.?
Ans: 11&1

QUESTIONS RELATED TO SPEED

1. A car is travelling with a speed of 120 km/h. How much distance will it travel in 3.5
minutes?
Ans: 7 Km
2. A car is travelling with a speed of 30km/h. How far will it travel in 40 minutes?
Ans: 20 Km
3. A train is travelling with a speed of 360 km/h. How much distance will it travel in 6
minutes?
Ans: 36 Km
4. A airplane is travelling with a speed of 1800km/h. How far will it travel in 15.5 minutes?
Ans:465 Km
5. A car is travelling with a speed of 30km/h. How far will it travel in 4.5 minutes?
Ans: 2.25Km
6. A car is travelling with a speed of 75 km/h. How far will it travel in 40 minutes?
Ans: 50 km
7. A car is moving with a speed of 180 Km /h. How long will it take to cover a distance of
40 km?
Ans: 13 min 20 sec
8. An airplane is moving with a speed of 900 Km /h. How long will it take to cover a
distance of 30 km?
Ans:2 mints
9. A train is moving with a speed of 240 Km /h. How long will it take to cover a distance of
840 km?
Ans: 3 hours 30 mints
10. A car is moving with a speed of 315 Km /h. How long will it take to cover a distance of
12 km?
Ans: 63KM

QUESTIONS RELATED TO EGGS

1) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 22,what will be the cost of 30 eggs?

Ans: Rs 55
2) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 17,what will be the cost of 3 eggs?
Ans: Rs 4.25
3) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 9,what will be the cost of 15 eggs?
Ans: Rs 11.25

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4) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 30,what will be the cost of 2.5 eggs?

Ans: Rs. 75
5) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 9,what will be the cost of 3 dozen eggs?
Ans: Rs.27
6) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 27,what will be the cost of 4 eggs?
Ans: Rs.9
7) If 60 eggs cost Rs 40,what will be the cost of 6 eggs?
Ans: Rs.4
8) If a dozen eggs cost Rs 30, how many can be bought in Rs 5?
Ans: 2 Eggs

QUSETIONS RELATED TO ZAKAT

1. If on Rs 100, a Zakat of Rs 2.5 is paid then how much will be paid on Rs 500?
Ans: Rs 12.5
2. Divide Rs 60 in such a way that one gets 4 parts and the other one gets 8 parts?
Ans: Rs 20 & Rs 40

QUESTIONS RELATED TO POLES

1. If the distance between two poles is 10 m, then how many poles can be included in 50 m?
Ans: 6 poles
2. If the distance between two poles is 2 miles, then how many poles can be included in 50
miles?
Ans: 26 poles
3. If the distance between two poles is 100 miles, then how many poles can be included in
1000 miles?
Ans: 11 poles
4. A pole is 114 m long. If 1/6th part of it is in water, then what length of it is out of water?
Ans: 95 m

QUESTIONS RELATED TO PERCENTAGES

1. What is 5 % of 80?
Ans: 4
2. What is the 10% of 600?
Ans: 60
3. What is the 1% of 180?
Ans: 1.8
4. A boy scored 450 marks which are 5 % of the total marks. What are the total marks?
Ans: 9000

QUESTIONS RELATED TO AVERAGE

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1. What is the average of 2,3 and 4?

Ans: 3
2. What is the average of 2,3.12,1 and 7?
Ans: 5
3. The average of two numbers is 8. If one of the numbers is 5, then what is the other
number?
Ans: 11

QUESTIONS RELATED TO INCOME

1. If the monthly income is Rs 1200, then what will be the annual income?
Ans: Rs 14400
2. If the monthly income is Rs 1100, then what will be the annual income?
Ans: Rs 13200
3. If the salary of 5 months is Rs 10000, then what will be the annual salary?
Ans: Rs 24000

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