Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TYPES OF SKIN
Skin can be divided into various types according to its texture. It is
essential to know what skin type you actually have and using the correct
products on your face can really make a difference to those problem areas
you may have.
Normal Skin
It has a fine even texture with a supple and smooth surface. It
has a proper balance between oil and moisture contents and its therefore
moist and neither greasy nor dry. The pores of normal skin are small and the
overall skin tone is even. It looks clear and does not develop spots and
blemishes. The pores of the skin are fine and barely visible. It reflects good
health and needs gentle treatment.
Dry skin
Dry skin has a dry parched appearance and has a tendency to flake
easily. It is prone to wrinkles and lines. It is due to the inability to retain
moisture as well as the insufficient production of sebum by the sebaceous
glands. Dry skin often has problems in cold weather and ages faster than
normal or oily skin. Constant protection is very important. It needs a
moisturizer during the day and a good cream at night.
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Oily skin
As its name implies, oily skin is slightly to moderate greasy. This type
of skin is caused by the over secretion of sebum making the skin surface
oily. The excess oil on the surface of the skin attracts dirt and dust from
environment. Oily skin is also prone to black heads, whiteheads, spots,
pimples and such skin will never be clear. This type of skin needs to be
cleansed thoroughly.
Combination skin
This type of skin is very common. As the name suggests, it is
combination of both oily and dry skin with certain areas of the face oily and
the rest dry. Usually there is a central greasy panel consisting of the
forehead, nose and the chin and a dry panel consisting of cheeks and the
areas around the eyes and mouth. The greasy central panel is referred to us
T – Zone. In such cases, each part of the face should be treated accordingly
– the dry areas as for dry skin and the central panel as for oily skin and use
skin care parts made especially for combination skin.
Sensitive skin
This type of skin has a fine texture and is very sensitive to changes in
the climate. They show the disadvantages of bleaching, waxing, threading,
perfumes ,temperature extremes, soap etc and for men sun, perfumes,
shaving cream etc. Avoid products with dyes, perfumes, or unnecessary
chemical ingredients that may irritate skin.
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NORMAL SKIN TYPE
Normal skin is not too dry and not too oily. It has:
No or few imperfections
No severe sensitivity
Barely visible pores
A radiant complexion
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Sensitive Skin Type
If your skin is sensitive, try to find out what your triggers are so you
can avoid them. You may have sensitive skin for a variety of reasons, but
often it's in response to particular skin care products.
Sensitive skin can show up as:
Redness
Itching
Burning
Dryness
The Basics of Skin Care
These tips will help your skin stay healthier no matter its type.
Use a broad spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays.
Avoid direct sunlight and wear a hat and sunglasses.
Don't smoke.
Stay hydrated.
Wash your skin thoroughly every day and never wear makeup to bed.
Moisturize your skin.
SKIN CARE
For the most complete sun protection:
Use sunscreen
Seek shade
Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's rays are
strongest.
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Wear protective clothing
Cover your skin with tightly woven long-sleeved shirts, long pants and
wide-brimmed hats. Also consider laundry additives, which give clothing an
additional layer of ultraviolet protection for a certain number of washings, or
special sun-protective clothing — which is specifically designed to block
ultraviolet rays.
If your whole face turns patchy after makeup is applied on it, then
apply equal parts of lime juice and witch – hazel. Dry well before putting on
your makeup.
To clear away excess oil, use a clay or mud mask. Blend together well
1 teaspoon green clay power and 1 teaspoon raw honey. Apply the mixture
to your face, avoiding the eye area. Leave it on for fifteen minutes then rinse
well with lukewarm water. Do this at least three times a week- or more.
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Once or twice daily, mix equal parts of lemon juice and water together.
Pat mixture on your face and allow it to dry, then rinse with water. Follow
with a cool-water rinse.
If you want a good skin, the most important thing is to take care of it
daily. Make it your habit. Your diet also plays an important part, so does
getting adequate sleep and exercise. If you like your skin to be young
forever, follow these basic rules
Cleanse your skin twice a day with products suited to your skin type.
See a beauty therapist regularly after the age of 25
Learn to treat the skin according to its type.
Avoid sun and smoking.
Drink 8 glasses of water daily
Use a face mask once a week
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FACIALS
Facials are a stepwise process to remove the dead cells from our face.
It makes our skin to nourish and glow. It tightens our skin and enhances the
beauty of the face.
Things Required
1. Head band
2. Cleansing Milk
3. Scrub
4. Black head Remover
5. Sponge
6. Apron
7. Massage cream on GCL
8. Face pack
9. Towel
10. Bowl
11. Brush
12. Cotton
13. Skin toner (or)sunscreen lotion
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Method
Make the client to Sit Comfortable in a chain Apron.
Tie the hair with the help of clips and head band.
Cleanse the face and neck with cleansing Milk in an upward direction.
Clean the face with Sponge.
Apply Scrub on the face and Massage it with the finger tips in an
upward direction.
Using Black head Remover Remove the Blackheads (or) whitehead and
wipe the face.
Take massage cream and slart massage from neck (upwards) and
circularly in cheeks both in clockwise and anticlockwise directions.
Then massage on the forehead with two Index fingers in a Zig - Zag
method.
With the help of Ring finger massage around the eyes in a circular
movement and massage around the lips.
Wipe the face with sponge and apply suitable face pack and leave it for
5-10 times.
Clean the face with Sponge and apply Skin toner (or) Sunscreen
Lotions.
TYPES OF STROKES
Long s Strokes
Behind Ear to Chin
Four steps
From shoulders – chin – cheeks – nose centre crossing forehead &
giving pressure & ending with temple.
Three steps Strokes
Shoulder – chin – cheeks with round step ending with temples. next
forehead pressure must be done.
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Criss-cross strokes
Ali strokes (using fore finger & Middle finger) must be done in upgrade
direction & clock wise direction.
Relaxing strokes
Patting, Pinching, Piano, Feather, touching, Palming. These are all for
final touch.
BLEACHING
Definition of Bleaching
Skin bleaching uses chemicals to lighten your skin tone. Skin bleaching
can be used as a spot treatment for blemishes like age spots and freckles or
to alter the skin tone of your entire body. However, the use of bleaching
products on your entire body brings with it numerous warnings.
Types of Bleach
cream bleach
Protein bleach
Power bleach
Lather bleach
Things Required
Bleach cream
Activator
Bowl and Brush
Cotton
Rose Water
Head band
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Method of Application
1. Choose the bleach variety according to your skin type
2. take bleach cream and activator in bowl and mix it thoroughly
3. The mix should be in the ratio of 1:1/4 that means cream 1 spoon and
activator ¼ spoon.
4. Apply the mixture on the face should be bleached
5. Avoid on eyes and eyebrows
6. Leave it for 8 to 10 minutes and clean the face with sponge
7. Avoid soap or face wash for 8 hour and avoid direct Sunlight.
8. Bleach can should be done once a month.
OIL MASSAGE
How to Make a Hot Oil Treatment for Hair
Edited by Maluniu, Chiliwillie, Cheeser, K53_PDX and 13 others
Good hair care between haircuts helps you to maintain healthy texture and
shine. While commercial hair-care products contain enriching ingredients
that keep your hair looking good, treating yourself to a hot oil treatment
with coconut, olive or jojoba oil will add that extra healthy glow to your hair.
It's easy, it's fun, and we'll show you how to do it!
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protein preserving properties of the coconut oil. Olive oil is liquid at
room temperature, but will heat well using the same method as the
coconut oil treatment.
Wet hair, if it is not already wet. It should be damp, but not soaking
wet. Massage the oil into your scalp using fingertips dipped in the hot
oil. Working your way from roots to ends, massage all the hot oil into your
hair.
Heat a towel with a hair dryer or clothes dryer. Wrap your hair
with the towel and allow it to sit for 20 minutes.
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Alternately, place hair under a clean shower cap, processing cap, or
plastic bag and either sit under a heat cap or steamer for 15-20
minutes, or just allow your body heat to nourish your hair during
the treatment.
The beauty of this massage is that it can be done anywhere without the
need for anything other than your fingers.
The less distractions, the better so that you can concentrate on what is
happening. However, there's no harm squeezing this into the ads of a
favorite show provided you press the mute button!
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Place the fingers of both hands on your forehead
Apply pressure
Make the pressure firm but light, as you press, then release.
Keep moving this position up and onto the scalp, bit by bit, repeating
the pressure/release movement
This is located about three quarters of the way on the top of your
scalp.
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Once you have reached the the base of your skull, return to the front
This time, position your hands about half an inch (1.27cm) either side
of the mid-line of your head (in other words, this time your fingers won't be
meeting but have a gap either side of the imaginary line across
your forehead).
This time, make the gap between your fingers and the center line of
your head 1 inch (2.5cm) either side. Your fingers should now be almost on
the sides of your head.
This will help to calm you as well as allowing you to focus on the
releasing tension to leave your scalp feeling refreshed.
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Waxing preparation
Method 1:
1 cup sugar
1 cup water
Store in jar.
Method 2:
1 cup jiggery
1 cup water
Method 3:
2 tsp citric acid
2 cup sugar
2 cup water
If Sensitive skin add 1tsp glycerin + green colour(food colour) + 1tsp
cum(camel)
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MAKE UP
1. FOUNDATION
2. EYES
When it comes to your eyes, your key word for the season is
“WATERPROOF” It might not be possible to go out and buy everything that is
waterproof, but for starters be sure to get yourself a waterproof mascara
and waterproof eyeliner. Keep your eye makeup subtle. Do not go in for
smokey eyes. Rather instead, opt for more natural, subtle shades.
3. CHEEKS
Here, you must go in for cream or mousse based blushes. They blend
well into the skin and prevent streaking which other powder blushes may
tend to, due to the weather. Don’t have a cream blush???? Don’t worry. Just
apply a little lipstick onto your cheeks and blend well with your fingers.
4. LIPS
No lipgloss!!!! Opt only for lip tints, lip stains and lipsticks instead. It’s
been recommended you stay away from bright colours…. But we at LRT
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think that bright lip colours will brighten your day as well….. just be sure
they have a bit more staying power. And as opposed to perfectly lined, well
shaped lips that are difficult to maintain, we recommend staining your lips
for a more natural effect.
5. HAIR
When it comes to your hair, natural is the way to go. Work with the
weather instead of fighting it. If you do not however like your natural hair
and want something different, make sure serum and leave in conditioners
become your new best friends. Alternately, opt for cute hairdos like the
braid, ponytail or top knot.
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UNIT – II
EYE BROW THREADING
Threading is an ancient method of hair removal originating in India.[1] In
more recent times it has gained popularity in Western countries.
Advantages cited for eyebrow threading, as opposed to eyebrow waxing, are that it
provides more precise control in shaping eyebrows and is more gentle on the skin.
It can be painful as several hairs are removed at once: however this can be
minimized if it is done professionally.
There are a few different techniques for threading. These include the hand method,
mouth method and neck. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages;
however, the mouth holding method is the fastest and most precise.
Things Required
Thread No:40
Powder
Scissors
Brush
Method
Held the thread firmly in your left hand by rolling one and of the
thread in the Index finger and other end of the thread in the thumb.
Insert right hand in the other side of the thread and just rotate the
right hand with the thread for 5 – 6 times in the upward to downward
direction.
Now it looks like a scissors.
Just place the thread on the eyebrow and remove the unwanted hair.
(extra hair).
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The thread in the hair plucks away extra hair by forming a knot on the
hair.
While during eyebrows by holding the thread tightly the pain will be
less.
We should shape the eyebrows based on the face structure.
Things to be noticed before doing eyebrows:-
First of all. We have to consider the distance between the eyes the two
eyebrows.
If the distance between two eyes is more then there should be less
distance between the eyebrows and vice versa.
Threading should be done with the inner side as thicker and outside as
thinner.
If the eyebrow appear as covering at the inner side trim it upwards.
People with little thickness by doing threading continuously.
We can improve the beauty of our face by doing eyebrow threading in
a proper way. we should apply powder before along eyebrow.
Extra long hair should be trimmed with the help of a long scissors.
We should shape the eyebrows starting from the inner side.
We should remove the extra hair only after shaping the eyebrows.
For those people who have straight eyebrows do the threading just as
a lift in upward.
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Line it up so that it touches the outermost of edge your nose and the
inside of your eye. This line will determine where your eyebrow should
start.
Mark that spot with an eyebrow pencil. Repeat for the other eye.
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CONSIDER YOUR FACE SHAPE.
Certain brows better compliment specific face shapes.
To minimize the curve of a round face, direct the outer third of the brow
towards the top of the ear.
If the face is square, direct it toward the middle of the ear. This helps
balance the face.
If the face is long, keep the brow more straight across, directing it above
the ear.
An oval face already looks balanced, but to enhance this harmony, you can
direct the outer third towards the ear lobe.
HAIR CARE
Definition
Hair whose texture hasn't been altered by chemical straighteners,
including relaxers and texturizers. An Afro hairstyle is sometimes referred to as "a
natural," but natural black hair can be worn in many other styles besides a short
'fro. Pressed hair may still be considered natural because once washed, the texture
returns to its unaltered state. Colored hair is sometimes considered natural,
sometimes not, depending on who does the defining some people believe that
repeated hair coloring alters the texture, even in a slight manner.
HAIR STYLES
Things Required
Comb
Hair gel
Hair pins
Decorative items
bands
Hair spray
Unpins.
Types of Hairstyle
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Indian Hair Style
Western Hair style
1. Side Puff
Take some hair along the side of ear and back comb it.
2. Full puff
Take the centre part of the hair and back comb it and pin it as a puff.
Take the other side of the hair and repeat the sance procedure.
3. Shell knot
We should apply little oil on the hair before starting apply little oil on the hair
before starting the hair style.
Keep the entire hair in your left hand and twist the hair the come in
the right hand side and twist it continuously.
Pin it with the help of Upins and insert the remaining hair into the twist
and pin it.
If there is a lot of remaining hair we can put small rolls and pin it in
the opposite side 8 the knot.
Decorate it with little roses of fancy clips.
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Western hair style
1.Reception knot
2. Butterfly knot
Put any one of the front setting hair styles in the front side of the
head.
Put a pony tail and start pulling tiny plot from the centre part of the
pony tail.
Take little hair from either side of the plot and add to it one by one.
Finish the plot when there is no hair left and bring the plot upwards
and pin it with hair pin.
With the help of the tail Comb raise the central plot and pin it in both
direction with hairpin.
Decorate it with beads small artificial flowers (or) roses.
This hair style looks like a butterfly with stretched wings.
3. Sim plot
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Start putting tiny plot near the partition by adding little hair one by
one.
Tie the plot till the ear and pin it above at the back side of the ear.
Repeat the same procedure for the other side.
Herbal Oil
Hair Contains
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Oxygen
Hair root contains follicles, hair papilla, cuticles. If the hydrogen
content is more in hair, the hairs looks more blackish.
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If the oxygen and sulphur is less, then the hair looks dull and it
will fade.
Avoid dandruff
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UNIT – III
MEHANDI
Things required
Type of Mehandi
Color Mehandi
Arabic Mehandi
Add fevicol, fevicryl colour for making color Mehandi.
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Get Arabic henna and mix with water and prepare cone. We can put outer
design using this and inner design using ordinary mehandi.
BRIDAL
Bridal designs with Figures of Bride & Groom, Kalash, Doli & Barat,
Dhol & Shenai with fine lines, peacocks, mangoes, auspicious and religious
symbols. These designs usually cover the entire hands and feet.
ARABIC / MOGHUL
INDIAN TRADITIONAL
Involved designs with fine lines, peacocks, mangoes, lace, auspicious
and religious symbols.
INDO - ARABIC
A combination of Indian and Arabic designs.
SHADED
Arabic Designs with shaded effects for better looks.
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MULTI COLOUR
Popular to jazz up any occasion using coloured glitter, gems or pearls
to match the colours of the outfits. This mehandi lasts only for the day it's
applied.
BLACK
Indian & Arabic Designs with Black Border to give a changed look.
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Home made Preparation
1. Neempack
Things Required
Method of application
Turmeric pack
Things Required
Method of application
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Sandal pack
Things Required
Method of application
Tulasi pack
Things Required
Method of Application
Orange Pack
Things Required
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Method of applications
Fairness pack
Things Required
Method of application
Nourishing Cream
Distilled Water - 20 ml
Rose Water - 20 ml
Borax Powder - ½ teaspoon
Bees Wax - 18 g
Lanolin - 12 g
Almond Oil - 70 ml
Vitamin A - 4 capsules
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Vitamin E - 4 capsules
Benzoin Tincture - few drops
Heat the distilled water and add the borax powder and rose
water to it.
Now add both mixtures together and blend well while they
cool.
Add the tincture and burst the capsules into the cream. Blend
well and store in a jar.
Moisturizer
Mix two wax in a bowel and add almond oil and heat.
Heat water in other container and mix the two mix till it becomes
cool.
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Cleansing Milk
Mix all the first four contents in a bowl and heat it slowly.
Take borax powder and water and boil it mix with some milk
and mix the both the contents and stir still it becomes cool
Store in a jar.
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