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Abstract—Automatic license plate recognition (ANPR) is a Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text
technology that automatically extracts license plate information has been formatted and styled. Do not number text heads—
from images or videos. In recent years, deep learning has become LATEX will do that for you.
a popular approach for ANPR. Deep learning models can be
trained on large datasets of license plate images to learn the
features that are unique to license plates. This allows them to A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
accurately identify and extract license plate information from Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
images and videos. This project aims to develop an Automatic
Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system using You Only Look used in the text, even after they have been defined in the
Once Neural Architecture Search (YOLO-NAS) and EasyOCR abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, ac, dc,
libraries. The ANPR system is designed to detect, recognize, and and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations
extract the license plate information from a vehicle image or in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
video stream in real-time. The YOLO-NAS algorithm was used
as the core object detection model for detecting the number plate
region within an input image. Meanwhile, the EasyOCR library
B. Units
was utilized to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) • Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
on the detected number plate region to extract its alphanumeric are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
characters accurately. The proposed ANPR system has several
applications that include traffic management, law enforcement, units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of
parking lot management systems, and other security-related English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk
systems. drive”.
Index Terms—Python, Deep Learning, YOLO-NAS, OCR, • Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current
CNN, ANPR in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often
leads to confusion because equations do not balance
I. I NTRODUCTION dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state
This document is a model and instructions for LATEX. Please the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.
observe the conference page limits. • Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units:
“Wb/m2 ” or “webers per square meter”, not “webers/m2 ”.
II. E ASE OF U SE Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few
henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
A. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications • Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use
The IEEEtran class file is used to format your paper and “cm3 ”, not “cc”.)
style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and
text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may C. Equations
note peculiarities. For example, the head margin measures Number equations consecutively. To make your equations
proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols
paper as one part of the entire proceedings, and not as an for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a
independent document. Please do not revise any of the current long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate
designations. equations with commas or periods when they are part of a
sentence, as in:
III. P REPARE YOUR PAPER B EFORE S TYLING
a+b=γ (1)
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and
save the content as a separate text file. Complete all content Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
and organizational editing before formatting. Please note sec- before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1)”, not
tions III-A–III-E below for more information on proofreading, “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a
spelling and grammar. sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .”
D. LATEX-Specific Advice • Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,
instead of “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it “discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.
possible to combine sections, add equations, or change the • Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.
order of figures or citations without having to go through the • The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the