: a : 3@ STRENGTH OF MATERIALS HSIMPLE. stRESSES [ F Axial Shee ormal say > #6 [Nowwal sHvese wy ~ Tension, Compre rion, Bearing, Bending [Flexra, Theveral YW) hear ‘ ee ) Shea Sree] tangential thes, UAT - Shear iy belts, double hear, qunciieg , Advsional Tensile [compe Mews feompeesve shes Note: Properties of See! Gee ee *Mod: ef Elactety £7 30 810", DS Bearing Sess Mot 5 . hed: of Bia ty = Re Projected, HS x 10% og — Thermal Cordudhviby of 2 6.¢y)5-t/,, f FU tx“) Ptheor Shear Us txt, As ‘Single Sheav "Double Sheer t 2 ding shear? — oe a 4 Bota AB aeattey Aps Nd DPrecve In Ponching , tons ie , , vimeter _« thickwe Foctw: iF! eb: 22 a EE Pe marae Fadkee ro hn pl brace: 66 Hee aa Re cireiar hele Pedt x Face ¢ ao of holee $sreaan Juyrr OEFOeMAriON) tHOO¥E'< Law neds of elachisy/ L é 1 Ee BL §& erelongation rae . OEE Joung + seduler L pa moddlys fF rigidty / f Co a oe Se med eae eee fe tee 3 J ieee F Poissons gang “Defermation due 49 force: . Za Eraeeat = SL T= EE a ? w F longitudinal A - Ee oe “abe fe that ee 0.3 Defwmaton due te Weight: q = 0.904 Mal Hs He / By * rot 2Uiinate iat AVESIGN srpess (B.07 DY s Brittle Dvetite Brittle Ductile, Tobin = Ogus Uhege = eee Berga s Sautd Fig FS DILATATION ATHERMAL TREES o* Zithen = 2, 4g, + be o< EXOT : tod A ’ @ + os + te) THERMAL DEFoRMaTow . = (). 254 S$, = aLAT 5 AD” a sy cen! PELE X URAL creee FELASTIC ENERGY ny SPRING Me we mag. bend oe TE fe-tes £ TL ictence frown WA. te Vkrmet Sher -its* M 2 Ts Cembaidal proment Sea apting, constant We, Wrowent of inert FIMPACT Loapine Cohn A dalvg EE = te 1 solid eee 7 ae SPS cdg *y %, rectangle > OM aes yet ee ASECMON bMooucys == ~ tds jc Fsotid caste ~~ —— 31 44 - dy* ? Fras shat = KCK- 8) nd, MOMENT MeFed eas Me FE (F Wea = ot A ® oS baa Cystiey Y de MANU MOMELT 5 ame) € er) V FL es c y aby 4 we FL = as cL A c : F y w . ot el wre EEE ; al ;COLUMNS ' failire can be dee te crothing or buckling | der Ccompvection Nhoce = Cructoval weather om e whore lateral dintavons are tural oapaed Jo is length Suk — short Compre FSLENDEPNESS panid Le Ebfechye Leagth see © Radivs of Gyration PRAMS OF GY RADON tFor vound Column! ke :& . T= o4 Kem = £ 4 ag. o G 4 1 "For rectangular column! 2 wwe T+ 2M pick [oer \n RT Galve! DERFtctivE LENGTH FAcTE (RK) ENDS . le = KL Pinned ' . I PEND coeericieNT Cc) Fixed & Free ' : | 2 0-25 a | Fixed of : 4 [aned 2g i xed 0.404 2 F CRNCAL/ MAX LOAD TYPE SULEND ERNESS RATIO CRITICAL /max aan Shoe’ Colonna o¢ e230 Compre ction : ¥ S- \nleunecdiate Column 39 L oa Lio ner arte Fe yall. a | are Euler's forale’ Long Column bo ¢ qreL — Le?@ COMeined creesses 2 TWeores OF yalLuee QAMBINED sTpEsses 2 THEORIES OF yalLury ACOMBINED cteEsces 7 mapremen and shear sheges ae of dencion, eras ene ve fi Me a —, Tore | t CF | | wx | —| mek - 7 o, Thy Wee Ouse = _* sexy “he Noles Tit 8 Mwesdis wt SPT, Ringo He loved Cary 2 WIA Coed) salve ght Windpal cheie -asrmal erly : PHEHES oly” ne shear * Sire se Wons-form ation a er FO core 4 tL fin te Ty Oe = To Oy re = FT he Ste = Ty cate oy - Wns qe = A sin te 6 Tay corre eS OF FAlLUpE —s FVWtortes oF F, FALTERUANING /AMPLITUDE sSheaving — Seecs a ce xt Ace wl ®)™ Le Sep £ wl : P Tr eye —— pe 2t 2 ol . wo Bmpr oh se ‘Compressive Shegs deta ‘ F am . Xv . DEMz0, | a a bee SHO Fel“) - RL (n\-0 tr oe Gy sDouble Keyed Shalt Ty MAL ge capacity “Keys made 44 ek eh Fi eT : 7 is MEQ + Le htp ‘Teipled Yeyed shat y Te Ley 3 ' F COUPLINGS + Swearing of Bolts: ie e q c ar * O Se ee. Oe De NM sh, : > Derergt Ay ww, Tp no Y * sTotel farce trantaithad Sey = a . or Feet Wd* 00 Va * (EPs A Moupetctive trots 4 7 SB “Force per bolt thiren bolt & flange \b : Oe ar ie So 7 : om + heeg per bo 4 a@Peessure vessers CHUN DRICAL sAKig-walka (F £0 05) O TANGENTIAL roo [cari] cecum FERENTIAL STRESS. on ai evra of application Pia vk hk 7AL oa eo RD. : | oe bec Sr fic eacy Olomertudi var /Awa. sreess Gan stress) fo coo Pike _ & (Ee) | he i 6 Ate *thide- walled (E> 0-08) Ce oo CLAME's € Ou STIONy OAMAL sreegs First - Reet OVO pL stREse Soo G-Rwt f1 ht - 6 =) DTANCENTAL stREss Gi G | oe )eece oS i a a ver © Miceness > SPRER\CAL © LONGITVOINAL = TANGENTIAL STRESS v(Fo") co WOE RB -— are© Crores SM > ruase /DISk cLuTCR Uinforee Prescrive Qeew dutch) pec TN . jose! cis Pe amt oo Prog tetas B(p. 90°) We of bicion ee ta (B28) T= hep pam eae ceding SSS c. axial 2. of ee P Ag tere e , © Fiction *Unifie Weoe Cold latch Prag Pocx T= Prato A, = UNC, (ro- ti) net chica Fa wedded W = me of clutches — | van 2 PCOWE CLUTey normal Ace c Te FF (coe Cc Hot: & © AE = 299 © foce width See ewe web kee keas@ BEARINGS PVETROFF'S EQUATION: — tbs. Vis cocihy ae ws length 0 Baal EE ae Ly eas torque 'h ——— 4 Cr N radial Gngulor spoed Per fee clearance a loss OF POWER DUE To co} Q, = fry TION = WON eee eee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee es@ BRaves “a Lae drom AVension Lato i. B fee a tr RN ne - coe. of =a | ces Frit ay — A= =L = pivot a pout FAdwating (Braking) Force, Fa “Clock wi i Ok wite Rotation + Counter - clockwise Rotation A An r \" + ZMovet =O Hole Fa ig wtaimom at CLOCKWIGE vetahen > Presswe Mer coat LE Se Od ee. SR cade of band brake p heat Dissi dated cadial force Heli Netlecity, ve #DN@M SPRINGS Wawl's Fackor Bevas tvacwee Factoy ka = dc- 4 Cc fovesee ay felts cal De + 0: . Dave Mewn diameter Du = ——— 5 Bi =Do- 2 du a [Pay as 2 = do ines, Da Outeide Dawelee De + (00 = 24x) a Cott | Dit Wade daneter ‘ss — * Madde de. Se : ! 2 = ec dys Wine hawete ony - Ado -dy) = ay Pe piaew i 2 7 x v | ; 4 EPs he a Angle Den Bo- dy Sw Fetal Leagts F Stress Awalycis 46 Bekical spring, wire | Le Cirtumlerene * fhe ') Diveck Chear Stress Torsional shear chess = Ca ek tur —a De Oe eee tt ait 4 Guras) i iw 2 * Dn’ F Spring Inder aaa re (2) “5 Daa De - dw fe ie i fos Hae cz = Pore 4 i a r ds dus _ Sa aes —s r a fs Mac pec Po tae RE “Total Shear Srecs ee ; “ taut ene ¥Fe hal Deflection Stet eat Ried Gaicken (3 Wn _ _&kFc i BEC” £ RDS, ates equation becomes Ao? ah seeweale way disovat ty vag! Ga. Ja, woo! F Spring Factors ‘ foresee sas Seek | yh : 4 eee 0-@Ie : I 2 Stwess Cowechion Factor 4c 42 *e = = O-44\y 4c -3 \ RNAseTERA Connechon for Gprings a Type of Fude Me K FL iy Grad Neen (nu +0) No? + Ode Be. fe vy asa n Y Sa: fence “ t (rat des P+ | dy yong Sauerta 7 & ee yea Pp 3 Ground ° 1 (nat? duo aP + Ida ie Gee “a Heat Ma shy 2 (ret S)ds Pe Bd, a Spring Leach : 3 P Elactic Ene, nt a FL: § 4c. yee F oA is eng 3 \eagth | = 8, + Su Solid | “a Neng yh | EE mM SeRes = Les? 2 SE + Favallel ces e Spemge Flmpack Loadin ; From Kinehe 6 SM Pavallel Corina: 3 ae Pao5 KE =e ge : Fook trae, gms deg 8+ ae Bs a ky 2 Te > Ge Us eee ee Ss. Sevies Springs : ae a tov Foteat al Source Bs Fre KS, ec i oe mg hy = deg BS Se Sa : Te. Or * Oy vu (s Z ; tS). 4 FS B Zee Wha s\e lege B+ esr Cpeines k t Pandlever Leaf w/ ny 2 + Canki lever : B Cant leve * Seen - EN tical _— 7 Length _ Fl 3 P ’ Gre” GFL ) Sr (Go) | —— §:>——(a nia B bien ws conc gy wid, leoves . Sut fa PB ee g-X i s:& zy ee ee i) P Pre - chested leaf we c's N= hat NyFOscilating bodes " Pevod o£ # wnt a Feequenca Fee Le an 2 Patvea Frequency w? 4D PA WHEEL * Stored Yisetic Energy, AkE Sm wi) 5 ee X0n =A M(HD (T= we) Weg : 2S, (wr aha) Ploeklicient of Fluctuahon may. Blvdwation sperh Jig (f= ecg mean Speed | Ke 2 VoN, Wt, 2 Peoethdent of Weeding g F Sroced Energy gum G £v Ake e+ Mr (n?-') Me (vs - "(ny ee,) (AEs). Cem te? ove alz | Precsure va Pundaa 4g , teas Pe Pecimater x tivknecs, = EE thre $ ‘he duclar hole ) 3 i} : P= dt « factor y * fachor OF hey ° nex \ > Total Weight of Ply — sh Wem ¢ Bq lee Ne? * (0% -2 YL = Dm bt Moment of neva a adi of Tay? wit gyration Ake, = oe aD Lin: me ier flghee PPotational Tovqve Te: Tyo # teop Sree = pvt ttre i y= YON Veatt “80 > 4000 Lym Feast tee = 0,000 : 1999 Fey > Fuergy needed to Perch a hole plate E es =U ocenny A] | te Anichaeis Fer Creer Vole Ae uty ‘For Plate a A= Utp > Power iy Ponca ” Ever Fever = 98 Time,| @ BELTS IQ PvE ty Cec feeonce v= YON i eit PONTE % s °) Nelouhy, a DEFFECTIVE BELT PULL Fret = Fi > Fy 2(R,- Fl. efi ef POWER — SBEW TENSION Ratio aaa j WT o+0pPey gcurs a + Length yun 2 = i= Xeortns ere + 2By 4c Angle of Contact ibe Pein ee ia, a £0 sin (2) (deg) MD ga yt Or-d, ce (rad) jobs 4D fee larger pulley cy + + 0, = 300° D : z ae wok ctafed actume D. te the obvi Ving pelle Xf not chated, acsume open 5 F STRESS IW BELTS g F ; Sy = — € 4 bt : > Z) ky gp) sb CENTPIFUGAL FORCE width 5 aaane . as 035 45 for leatlu) , Fe m (AB) p= 4 TORGUE te ¥(4) Power = Fre 0 oo favor FP CROSSED RELTS * Leagth : L Le ¥(apd sre+ Ort) de sAngle of Contact (BBB) oy Ov gy 10, 8 = 10° b 26 Crad) for tmalier pulley ys fatke, tunalue belt! we At Vo ztyze DM, = ON, DM =D, PARC OF cOMTAT St re> LENGTH OF CHAIN DM, = Oey Liu ; Uys. TN, wily BSLENGTH WW PITH # DIAMETER oF be bE s lead Velouty e— rotative cree, Vee Nt ee LP Ceingle) = Lp Chole) | = 3¢ Chiple) i *Power Input /outpur j -oo Pin Fa chor ) fur = WL Crewe ‘Teaslle Shoes ta Bolts (Vallance) \-40¢ Gop o (7. oe CAL? Rivecichiang aren Sw = C# 1000 Cbrorge) = S000 (carbon steel) + IS 000 (alloy) as fo oveveome collar friction _ o ef Mon oA WN nq Gllar mean cadlug S eee . to: 8 - A Jo te Torque to tua Screw Cee) how Colgger st t ears | cor gf > ry a ete loice B = trend angle = OF (*0v4e) * 14. 5° CAcMED To (TRAP EzoroaLy * 30° (AMER CaN) + Total torque Ts 7, ct TyWAS ANS NR Reka PINPES OF THREADS UNC = Unified ational Coufse Sess ONE ~ Unifed National Fine Series UNEE ~ Uniked Nation. Extva Fine BUN ~ Vaited GY Thread Levies HTOLE Races CLASS \y (External) CLASS 1B Ciaternal) CLASS 2A (External) CLASS 1B Clatcenal) CLASS 34 (External) ASS 3B Ciateenal) FAMERS = £ UNiFIED [eh dut tolerance ee) et i [3- Ia Fern - clocect a4 J yy oe ean 2 - 2 > nov. 3 ~ for general vee J ~ for avtemobile 2 ae€vatt work a) - for atronguh cal cq vipment ~ Ger Wig h pressure Pipe, Manges, cylinder Meads, chuds, ef. \ Widect folerance , quick £ eaty tembly, \ even bruised Soeode Teltvances far aevemsl production, | mee atta vied \ dosest $+, allovence %y — NATIONAL THREAD ceeies A > External poe pone ne N “ROL PHe hand to eat uu Da ; ot fant HC vat, ure ME Lele boca METRIC THREAD cEgies pith ("Abens) 7 tolevance v WA OG g fp 4 — &xteens oble Heed eee Nf do extend cles Com = dateraal? SVAN eeeenaeeee waa, QO EARS SPUR GEARS “Cicenar Pitch D p= T + Diawetral Pikely Tr _ D ae Ph oe "Tooth thickness Fe 2 backlosy t: Pe-B z «Module 2. \ a a "Gear Tooth Properhone \4em wie Addendum Vi ¢ Cleavance zy 70: ISF, tbo De dendum O-183) Po Working Depth 2 Ip, Whole Depth 2-\st ry Center Distance : + a. Dg = Dp Zz ce * Addendum t P. > a= *Deden dum dzart Cc + Whole depth d Baty 7 an ic “Wor Fag depth A sering rs atd-¢ ©-25) Py tae P, a ° Pp eal D atd-c = C4 external © akeenal | aif nok cated US4 external Re (sh) 2H 1a dzate la tateaaedeeaeeda HELICAL Geae *Precsure Angles Relationchip tan dy = Noval Pressore an * Total qle Fen § coe Force /Loacl Sie em ee “Radial sT Load pressure ang). Fee tp tm p> load “AK al [> Fat fy tan "Normal Civeular Pte Pay = Pe coe y ® 7 St B my D ’, PobWoem Gear = ; He! S * Ya By E, mY Se F F ane nF fe " he Few Fey Faw = me *Pover Lead =" Pe Row a. a _ NT = factor * Separating Fore a My = FS Fos £ [ fin dy a tw Ww s ty fn cady ton Poe coure Ang lec a + Tong ential Fovee = tan Qy = tan cos V | - Re | Se Peed fea . of tg = Fo] — si a Ye tan Gas) J ‘| sin Oy a a =f SRA RS ee hb~ PBENEL GEARS MF Cone Pitch Angle tan Ve 2 fin & 76 27 By + Gp Note: @ = Toe Gt net cated! F Cone distance ea oo Ds? + D 2 t PY Face width Cost ee Pa Note “WSS NER RRB Chooce whichever i, lower! > Forcee * Power P= NT © Factor : Torg ve. T= Fe * Scan + Mean Radius r = Pp ~ bsia Fp mean 2 Axial Force Far RL tan ¢ cin % *Rad‘al Force Fr = Fy tan q cos Oo@ N W IRE ROPES s Requar Lay, Sant an opposite dlirchons Bending Stre ce Sure, () wire Aameler 4-3 mw? : 42446 BeBe BEEHEHRHHEREeR BRR Meee 3 . . CAF avlage, tramudys quay wines Long Lay - twictd in came diseckonc ? ‘4 4 oe . GIA general (reepore vege, heist, strand Ww. of ctronde cea ca . os want GX \q (Ps) 4" WBF Wale Speed elevates, cvants, \eictt = eine Nal SHIA extra Heyible hoisting rope oS applications aby Tensile ten 4 viebal er pri Eee Ve? by (ie 3) - (wu, nt Mrs F Bead! "q load for Fe = At, (de) 2 hater heave diaweler >. D Pleadings on Wire Fopec Rope du Ga) AGat) (pc) Mow, = se Bre tig rn Gxt 0.1064 939d* Bx10% —- We) xg 206d 9 -3ggt ei Xt 80454 oo 3gqt 2X04 Wa = We () ¥ x14 § Sd 035d es x igt PUI mate a (Plow Steet) PFadac ob Salety = He 000d" (G44 £ Gx 14 cope) foe fe 5 “yy 480d" (6s 3% vope) ne F, : yey > ELEVATORS “Fin. Rated meee YMax. Rated load Melevators ~ fe AS 4.05 wt Yorrcon = —Aétleor WW = 35.1 (a2 4-3) A> 4.6642 We Ldeg (a? 4 2504 280)© spines, Rwers, WeLdeD sons y Sspunes = Torque Capacity Nomanal Oiweations of Splives Sa T= PAtan For 10 cplinee’ “a am AN Gls Wo= OLSUD ae 3 ye Des Feemanest FE: = 0. 040D, A= 9 -a100 2 3 v2 Otd eae Not slide under load: = 0.0700, A= 0- bop a" —-.** , = 4 4 2 Nde under load Wt 0-096D , A= 0-KlOD “Hy RIVETS 3 GS = Funporched plate ao fae 2 eee SS, = ——“#9__ = | 7 byt + My SH Frere abe sg = Pshewing on ints @ Le ~ J, %qt [ fe a a lu a Fate kencle a € = ———— =« \- ayts Fumpunched o7 =f a AMWELDED Joints + Strength of pork Weidc * Cod. a . . ode Nomoee of Steet Elect = electrode ‘i es, ec'tien B a ouae E ao es , s length of titdewres , ° waa Wh jencile 7 \ pe ft 7 ; & coatin Z ‘Strength of Filler Weld on and wo Z & a te ie di J a L * a coc HE 2 Cel neeesrae (double fillet)nN @ Macune SHOP PRACTICE ‘Taper Pre Lengttn : TRL s _Taret : Unit of Length ia ft (TPE) . Co Hing of Woltpiece Rate = Lrath of Got Time ef Cot = DN - N oc Mi Mag Coblece Cutter 6 Ga) Wali angle eet G.3D R-@ Deos A of cutter w“w D Width of Cut x Ade depth of Ga) cot “Milling machiae fed yate Nillng ed cate (9 /4gote Wadine Fie Fo on a x eiee ~ 4 i) Cia fania 0 Cra faniay i Creed) *Plawaiag Tine ae oF surface (ia) 7 Thee a) ro 025 | leagt of 1 ' shoke (e) cot speed (hun speed