Image processing

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 CHAPTER 4
Image Enhancement in Frequency
Domain
((Fourier
Fourier Transform)
Transform)

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Background
Fourier published his book “The Analytic Theory of Heat” in
1822
New revolutionary concept
› Any function that periodically repeated itself can be expressed
as the sum of sines and/or cosines of different frequencies,
each multiplied by a different coefficient.

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Fourier transform
basis functions

Approximating a
square wave as the
sum of sine waves.

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Background

Two forms
› Fourier series
› Fourier transform
Important characteristic
› A function, expressed in either a Fourier series or
transform, can be reconstructed completely
Digital computation and FFT algorithm
appearing in 1950s revolutionized signal
processing
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Illustration of Decomposition

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Fourier Transform

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Important Transform Pairs

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Fourier Transform

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Example 1

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Example 2

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Spatial Frequency

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Spatial Frequency

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Spatial Frequency

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Spatial Frequency

F(u,v): weighting factor measuring the

relative contribution of the elementary
pattern
(u,v): frequency domain
F(u,v): frequency component of the
transform
|F(u,v)|: frequency spectrum of the transform

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Example 1:

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Example: 2-d box function

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Examples

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Examples

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Example:

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Properties of Fourier transform

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Properties of Fourier transform

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Properties of Fourier transform

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Properties of Fourier transform

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Properties of Fourier transform

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Sampling

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Aliasing

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Sampling Theorem

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Aliasing

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Aliasing

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Aliasing

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