Philosophical Sele ; oe Sef % according fo Shorates, when humans possess certain virtues and leads a wrtues life 4 such life is agent in he ceard of grodness fp be beter ond happier § te vest way towdrds © happier iife, War fo fous! on. self-deveopment rotten ston 4 pucuit of materiot weath (Socrates) SOCRATES * Know Thyself" + Dusalim - mind and bed y ore separate 4 "An unexomined fife 's not worth living” PLATO % Founded the aoademy % student of Socrates % the welt emerges os one otlizes ideas which had been well thought of and vtilizes ones sences +d Tegognized the truth. SAINT AUGUSTINE + "The way 40 God was to look into oneselt ’ 4 The self emerges as one viilizes hts focutty of Free will fo not deviate from the right order or oppose himselt to re wil of Ged, but luerome Submissive _to_it. RENE DESCARTES % ‘Cogito Ergo Sum” | think, ‘therefore | om 4 trainin g pur nvind to think that way > The self emerges as the human person not only possed a good mind but used tt well foo DAVID. HUME © trying to think about the present momett. # we can never be direty oware of oursves, only of what We are expecting at Ony gwen momentSocial Self we Ore all Social beings. 4 hoped by interactions with others 4s salt concopt is itfuenced by otners’ oppraisal Social identity theory asserts that we drow part Of our Sense of identity ond self-eestem from the social groups that we belong 49 ROLES IN, Society Shared od Social a Psychological Self Self think 2 perceives Sense of identity + the comer stone of'| > beliogs, traits, |e iho we are as Human. behavior pl individuals urpose THE SELF IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY William James’ Duality Theory of self “ME” Self I" Self 4 a persons mental picture of cor ac an | ' the self ar an agent tat observes, which object that can be observed. is referred 0 be the perceives; the I.” ~ how offhere view us = Tow _and_uttfilterod you =the _ Social self. = response 10 the me — learh_through. interoctons with — the thinking, self others. = the individuals identity “the _rarrative self = 4ne self trot knows wito they are and - te sudety$ view what they have done in their life GEORGE HERBERT MEAD © ones identity emerges from external and ocial ae interactions” and Internal feelinge of ones reff © ‘self « not evident ot firth, but 1 emerges overtime fhrough language, play, and games.PSYCHOANALYSIS BY SIGMUD FREUD © shaped by unCoscious forces 2 early childhood experiences are, critical periods in our. life © there are three levels of the mind, HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY (CARL ROGERS) © the gelf ic capavle of growing to their highest potential © the ‘following, factors are estential : © Genumeners ( openness, vulnrability 2 cel disclosure © Unconditional Positive Regard © Empathy SELF_ CONCEPT © is an individuals knowledge of who he or she is © phycical_charocterishes, petronality traits, Social identity a Self Concept: Perception eyour perception of youtrelf, how you define and understand Yourself, how you define and underctand yourself ac a mulhi-dimencional C physical, Spiritual, emotions, social, and Moral > human being. a Self- Esteem: Respect / Regard © a positive of negative self-evaluation of the Jelf- Concept. O Self - worth : Value how much you value yourcelf 3 Self- Efficacy: Belief in your doility *Your belief ond confidence that you can accomplish tack and Control your environment 1 Self- Complexity: Different ways o the different) ways ‘in which you think bout yourself IDEAL SELF ACTUAL SELF ois the self that you aspire to be ois the one that you actually see Sit is the one that you hope twill possecs oit ic fhe self tot has characteristics: that you characteristics similar to tat of a mentor or| were nurtured or, in some cares, born + have some Otter worldly figure © ( who we actually are ls how we want to be ok built on self-knowledgeINCONGRUENT CONGRUENT when there i¢ a micagnnent between te real | consistent sate of Gehavior, meaning tere self and the ideal self. Consistency beleen the goals, values, and attitudes () Self- image, othe self -image it different to the ideal self] 0 the self-image is sinilar to tne ideal self othere ic only a ifle overlap. othere i a) more overlap. Chere self-actualisction will be difficult | ° Hit person can celf -actualire Alightnent is important oif the way shat i am Cactual welt) '& alighned with she way fra { wort 40 be (ideal cdf) ‘hen i will feel a sence of mental well-being or peace of ind oi the way that {am (actual self) is mot alighned with hows want to be Cidenl cet), the incongurence, or lack of alignment, will recut i mental distress or anriety 5 Self - Awareness Theory when you focus on yourrelf, there ic q tendency to compare what you currertiy observe to the standards youvet for yoursett. © Self Discrepancy, Theory when there is a mismatch between your ideal velf and your actual self, tic lecomes a source for you and is much likely to affect your self- esteem. 3 Self - Concept Clarity having 9 clear and dened self- concept * Knowing Yourself & 4ne beginning of all witdom’” - ArictoHe Anthropological Self Self = image ideal- Self Terminologies Agency Human Agency "Agentio Dialectic thoughts and actions| Capacity of tuman | capability fo self- | relakonchip between two foken by people to | beings f» make —_[orgarize, self-requiae| things that can ‘influence express treir individtall choices (Bandura) |and be proactive each other: | power [| Culture, | Guay of man that separates tim from lower | the entire “social heritage’ Hat te individuale “Whe realm of styles, values, of emotional receive from the Group. attatchments of intellectual adventures.”Futon’ 6f Cuttur' 0 treacury of knowledg ‘The self of which we are, aware is not © olagerves behavior of pattems someting innate within We, fr ie q model of ° defines situations, Qtitedee, values, and gods} our Self pr luced ac responce fb 4ne. models > molds our personality of us offered fo us by other ople. influences gur career = Martin Edw > facilitates growin fk TERN & WESTERN PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELI Eastern - COLLECTIVIST Western - INDIVIDUALIST EASTERN WESTERN