ABORTION Partial birth abortion - a surgical

- a medical term for any interruption of technique formerly used during the last 3
months of pregnancy if the fetus was
pregnancy before a fetus is viable. discovered to have a congenital anomaly.
COMPLICATIONS OF ELECTIVE
ELECTIVE TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
- It is the planned medical termination of a 1. Possibility of prolonged bleeding
pregnancy. 2. Incomplete abortion
- It is a procedure performed to end a pregnancy 3. Uterine perforation
before fetal viability. Such procedures are also 4. Can damage uterus
referred to as therapeutic, medical, or induced
abortions. Having such a procedure is a woman’s NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
choice; nurses employed in health care agencies  The risk for infection related to the dilated cervix
where induced abortions are performed are asked and open uterine vessels
to assist with and offer support as a part of their
 Acute pain related to uterine cramping secondary
duties.
to the expulsion of some products of conception
- CAUSE: Elective termination of pregnancy
 Fluid volume deficit related to profuse vaginal
should not be viewed as a method of
bleeding secondary to incomplete abortion
reproductive planning but as remediation for
failed contraception. It is requested to end a
SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE
pregnancy:
- it is an early miscarriage if it occurs before week
That threatens a woman’s life such as
16 of pregnancy and a late miscarriage if it
pregnancy in a woman with class IV
occurs between weeks 16 and 24.
heart disease
That involves a fetus found on
1ST TO 6TH WEEK: Developing placenta is
amniocentesis to have a chromosomal
tentatively attached to decidua of uterus.
defect
6 TO 12 WEEKS: A moderate degree of attachment
Of a woman who chooses not to have a
to the myometrium.
child at this time in her life
BEFORE 6 WEEKS: Severe bleeding
- SURGICAL ELECTIVE TERMINATION
After 12 WEEKS: Attachment is penetrating and deep
PROCEDURES:
After WEEK 12: Bleeding profuse
Menstrual Extraction - the simplest type
of surgical termination procedure. It is
CAUSE OF ABORTION
performed on an ambulatory basis 5 to 7
1. Abnormal fetal development
weeks after the last menstrual period.
2. Ovary fails to produce progesterone
Dilatation and Curettage - If the
3. Unwanted pregnancy
gestational age of a pregnancy is less
4. Recurrent systemic infection
than 13 weeks, a D&C procedure may
be used.
SIGNS OF MISCARRIAGE:
Dilatation and Vacuum Extraction -
 Vaginal Spotting
Most second trimester terminations,
 Lower abdominal cramps
those between 12 and 16 weeks are
done by dilatation and vacuum  A discharged tissue from the vagina
extraction.  A discharged of fluid from the vagina
Prostaglandin or Saline induction - if a  Fever and body malaise
pregnancy is between 16 and 24 weeks.  No longer experiencing the symptoms of
Hysterectomy - if the gestational age for pregnancy
a pregnancy is more than 16 to 18
weeks, a hysterotomy, or removal of the
fetus by surgical intervention similar to
a cesarean birth.

CAUSES OF SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE:
 Plantation abnormalities
 Corpus luteum on the ovary fails to produce
enough progesterone to maintain the decidua
basalis
 Systemic infection
 Teratogenic drug
 Molar pregnancy and partial molar
pregnancy
 Intrauterine fetal demise
4. Advice use of barrier contraception
5. Refraining from sexual intercourse until next
menses
6. Advice iron supplement
HEALTH TEACHINGS:
 Having a healthy diet
 Avoid drinking alcohol
 Making attempts to avoid certain infections
during pregnancy, such as rubella
 Avoiding certain foods during pregnancy, which
could make you ill or harm your baby
 Having a healthy weight before getting pregnant

TYPES OF SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE:

COMPLCATIONS OF SPONTANEOUS
MISCARRIAGE:
1. Hemorrhage
2. Infection
3. Septic abortion
4. Toxic shock syndrome
5. Isoimmunization
6. Kidney failure

NURSING DIAGNOSIS;
 Powerlessness related to early loss of pregnancy
secondary to ectopic pregnancy
 Anxiety related to unmet needs possibly
evidenced by apprehension

NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Perform the appropriate management and
prevent complications
2. Document IVF, lab test and prepare for
emergency surgical intervention
3. Monitor vital signs, bleeding, and pain