Neurology 2023 Exam

4. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly frequent episodes of double vision for 2 days.
She was
seen in the emergency department for an episode of imbalance and decreased sensation in her right arm 3 months ago.
Examination shows impaired adduction of the right eye with left lateral gaze but normal convergence of both eyes. Deep tendon
reVexes are 4+ in all extremities. The Romberg test is positive. An MRI of the brain shows hyperintense oval plaques in the
periventricular region and a plaque in the midbrain on T2-weighted images. Microscopic examination of material from the
midbrain plaque would most likely show which of the following?
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Loss of axons and atrophy of oligodendrocytes
Extracellular deposits of amyloid peptides
Demyelination with partial preservation of axons
5. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes the
headache as a
Carbamazepine therapy
Sumatriptan therapy
Ibuprofen therapy
Corticosteroids
6. An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after having a 2-minute episode of violent, jerky
movements of his right arm at school. He was sweating profusely during the episode and did not lose consciousness. He
remembers having felt a chill down his spine before the episode. Following the episode, he experienced weakness in the right
arm and was not able to lift it above his head for 2 hours. Three weeks ago, he had a sore throat that resolved with over-the-
counter medication. He was born at term and his mother remembers him having an episode of jerky movements when he had a
high-grade fever as a toddler. There is no family history of serious illness, although his father passed away in a motor vehicle
accident approximately 1 year ago. His temperature is 37.0
Sydenham chorea
Sporadic transient tic disorder
Hemiplegic migraine
Focal seizure
7. A 21-year-old college student studying for [nal examinations complains of recurrent right temple pain, preceded by Vashing
lights, and followed by nausea lasting 3
Subarachnoid headache
Post-LP headache
Migraine with aura
Migraine without aura
http://test.edu.kg/t/module-results/?module_id=20717 29/12/2023, 9 14 PM
Page 2 of 555
:
8. A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of diFculty swallowing solid food and liquids for 1 month.
During the past 5 months, he has also had increased weakness of his hands and legs. He sails regularly and is unable to hold
the ropes as tightly as before. Ten years ago, he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. Examination shows atrophy of the
tongue. Muscle strength is decreased in the right upper and lower extremities. There is muscle stiffness in the left lower
extremity. Deep tendon reVexes are 1+ in the right upper and lower extremities, 3+ in the left upper extremity, and 4+ in the left
lower extremity. Plantar reVex shows an extensor response on the left foot. Sensation to light touch, pinprick, and vibration is
intact. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Myasthenia gravis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
9. A 35-year-old man is diagnosed with a seizure disorder. There is no history of trauma or medical condition. What is the most
common type of seizure in adults with epilepsy?
Absence seizures
Complex partial seizures
Grand mal seizures
Todd paralysis
10. A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of progressive numbness and weakness in her left arm
and left leg for 2 days. During this period, she has also had urinary urgency and incontinence. Three months ago, she had blurry
vision, diFculty distinguishing colors, and headache for one week, all of which have since resolved. Her temperature is 37
Dimethyl fumarate therapy
Interferon beta therapy
Administer IV methylprednisolone
Plasmapheresis
11. A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after an episode of violent jerky movements of his
arms and legs. He has no recollection of the episode. The episode lasted for 3
MRI
EMG
EEG
Lumbar puncture
Page 3 of 555
:
12. A 24-year-old medical student was studying late at night for an examination. As he looked at his textbook, he realized that
his left arm and left leg were numb. He dismissed the complaint, recalling that 6 or 7 months ago he had similar symptoms. He
rose from his desk and noticed that he had poor balance. He queried whether his vision was blurred, and remembered that he
had some blurred vision approximately 1 to 2 years earlier, but that this resolved. He had not seen a physician for any of these
previous symptoms. He went to bed and decided that he would seek medical consultation the next day.
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
13. A critical difference between myogenic processes and disorders of the neuromuscular junction is:
The Unding of fatigability with improvement after rest in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
Weakness of the ocular muscles only in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
Myogenic Undings on EMG
Elevated CPK in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
14. A 41-year-old man with multiple sclerosis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. After evaluation, the
physician recommends the administration of baclofen to the patient. This drug is most likely to improve which of the following
symptoms?
Paresthesias
Spasticity
Urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
15. A 24-year-old woman in graduate school comes to the physician for recurrent headaches. The headaches are unilateral,
throbbing, and usually preceded by blurring of vision. The symptoms last between 12 and 48 hours and are only relieved by
lying down in a dark room. She has approximately two headaches per month and has missed several days of class because of
the symptoms. Physical examination is unremarkable. The patient is prescribed an abortive therapy that acts by inducing
cerebral vasoconstriction. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Tension type headache
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
Medication overuse headache
Page 4 of 555
:
16. A 9-year-old boy is diagnosed with absence seizures. Which of the following would most likely best describes his seizure
episodes?
Tremulousness of the right arm in the absence of other movement disorder
Momentary lapses in awareness, accompanied by motionless staring and cessation of any ongoing activity
Alternate [exion and extension and rigidity of the arms and legs
Sudden loss of posture and falling unconscious to the [oor
17. A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing weakness of his arms and legs over the past year. He has
also had diFculty speaking for the past 5 months. He underwent a partial gastrectomy for gastric cancer 10 years ago. His
temperature is 37.1
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
18. Which of the following clinical features is associated with ALS?
Sensory loss on face
Resting tremor of the hands
Slurred speech
Loss of position sense of the toes
19. A 40-year-old woman comes into the physician
Initiate beta-blocker
Substitute aspirin for acetaminophen (Tylenol)
CT imaging of the head
Psychiatric evaluation
Page 5 of 555
:
20. A 33-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of repeated episodes of severe headache for the past 3
days. He is currently having his 2nd episode of the day. He usually has his [rst episode in the mornings. The pain is severe and
localized to his right forehead and right eye. He had similar symptoms last summer. He works as an analyst for a large hedge
fund management company and spends the majority of his time at the computer. He has been under a lot of stress because of
overdue paperwork. He also has chronic shoulder pain. He has been using indomethacin every 6 hours for the past 3 days but
has had no pain relief. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years. He appears restless. Vital signs are within
normal limits. Physical examination shows drooping of the right eyelid, tearing of the right eye, and rhinorrhea. The right pupil is
2 mm and the left pupil is 4 mm. There is localized tenderness to his right supraspinatus muscle. The remainder of the
examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Trigeminal neuralgia
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
21. A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of frequent falls and diFculty swallowing. He used
to go for long walks with his wife but stopped because he could not lift his right leg properly. He has no history of serious illness
and takes no medications. Muscle strength is 2/5 on extension of the right knee and Vexion of the right hip. Patellar and ankle
reVexes are 1+ on the right leg and 3+ on the left leg. Sensation to pinprick, light touch, and vibration is intact. Cranial nerve
examination shows an exaggerated gag reVex and fasciculations of the tongue. Mental status examination shows a labile affect
and monotonous nasal speech. Results of screening laboratory studies, including a complete blood count, serum electrolyte
concentrations, and creatine kinase, are within the reference ranges. Needle electromyography discloses spontaneous
fasciculation potentials in multiple muscles. Nerve conduction studies are normal. This patient is at greatest risk for which of
the following complications?
Ascending paralysis
Myasthenic crisis
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Diaphragmatic dysfunction
22. A 33-year-old man is noted to have exacerbations of weakness. He is diagnosed with MS. Which of the following [ndings is
consistent with the diagnosis?
The diagnosis of MS is based on clinical lesions separated by time and space
Oligo bands in the CSF are speciUc for multiple sclerosis
Steroids are effective in improving the course of disease
This is a genetic disorder well characterized on chromosome 11
Page 6 of 555
:
23. Which one of these abnormalities on the neurologic exam would be unusual in a patient with mild AD?
Problems drawing a clock
Impaired sense of smell
Hyperre[exia with positive Babinski signs
Impaired short-term memory
24. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of double vision, diFculty climbing stairs, and
weakness when trying to brush her hair. She reports that these symptoms are worse after she exercises and disappear after she
rests for a few hours. Physical examination shows drooping of her right upper eyelid that worsens when the patient is asked to
gaze at the ceiling for 2 minutes. There is diminished motor strength in the upper extremities. The remainder of the examination
shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Myasthenia gravis
Multiple sclerosis
25. A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother to establish care after moving to a new city. He lives at home with
his mother and older brother. He was having trouble in school until he was started on ethosuximide by a previous physician; he
is now performing well in school. This patient is undergoing treatment for a condition that most likely presented with which of
the following symptoms?
Regression of verbal skills and stereotyped hand-wringing
Episodic jerky movements of the arm and impaired consciousness
Frequent episodes of blank staring and eye [uttering
Recurrent motor tics and involuntary obscene speech
26. A 61-year-old woman with a long history of type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital because of poorly controlled
disease. During her hospitalization she develops continuous tonic movements of her right arm and hand. A serum glucose is
measured as >600 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in management?
Noncontrast CT brain scan
Intravenous (IV) administration of lorazepam
Insulin drip and frequent serum glucose monitoring
Securing the airway
Page 7 of 555
:
27. A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of progressive numbness and weakness in her left arm
and left leg for 2 days. During this period, she has also had urinary urgency and incontinence. Three months ago, she had blurry
vision, diFculty distinguishing colors, and headache for one week, all of which have since resolved. Her temperature is 37
Myasthenia gravis
Multiple sclerosis
Viral meningitis
28. A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of recurrent headaches and nausea. The
headaches occur a few times a month and alternately affect the right or left side. The headaches are exacerbated by loud
sounds or bright light. She is in graduate school and has been under a lot of stress recently. She does not smoke or drink
alcohol but does drink 2
Cluster headache
Migraine headache
Tension headache
29. A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of violent jerky movements of his arms and legs that
began 30 minutes ago. His father reports that the patient has a history of epilepsy. He is not responsive. Physical examination
shows alternating tonic jerks and clonic episodes. There is blood in the mouth. What is most likely diagnosis?
Primary generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure
Complex partial seizure
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Status epilepticus
30. A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of weakness, agitation, and
slurred speech. She speaks slowly with frequent breaks and has diFculty keeping her eyes open. Over the past three days, she
has had a sore throat, runny nose, and low-grade fever. She says her eyes and tongue have been
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
Page 8 of 555
:
31. A previously healthy 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of diffuse weakness. There is
no cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy. Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examination shows no abnormalities. A lateral x-ray
of the chest shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the
following?
Acetylcholine receptor antibodies
Smoking history of 30 pack years
History of fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Increased urinary catecholamines
32. A 64-year-old male comes to a neurologist with an 11-month history of progressive weakness. He [rst noticed weakness
of his right hand with diFculty holding onto things. This progressed to right shoulder and upper arm weakness, with diFculty
raising his arm above his head or carrying things. The patient
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
33. A 45-year-old man with history of embolic stroke 1 year ago presents with a generalized seizure. Which of the following is
the most likely best choice?
Seizures are likely to continue to occur in this individual
Embolic strokes require a patent foramen ovale
This patient likely has a partial seizure disorder
This patient likely has diabetes
34. A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vision impairment in her right eye for the past 2 weeks. During this
period, she was unable to distinguish colors with her right eye. She also reports pain with eye movement. She has no double
vision. She occasionally has headaches that are relieved with ibuprofen. One year ago, she had a similar episode that affected
her left eye and resolved spontaneously. She has no history of serious illness. She works at a library and enjoys reading, even in
poor lighting conditions. Her vital signs are within normal limits. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and
accommodation. Without correction, visual acuity is 20/50 in the left eye, and 20/100 in the right eye. With spectacles, the
visual acuity is 20/20 in the left eye and 20/100 in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination shows no abnormalities. A CT scan of
the head shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Optic neuritis
Page 9 of 555
:
35. A 72-year-old man comes to the physician with his son for a follow-up examination. The son reports that his father's mental
status has declined since the previous visit when he was diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia. The patient often begins tasks
and forgets what he was doing. He has increased trouble remembering events that occurred the day before and sometimes
forgets names of common household objects. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. His current medications include
lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atorvastatin, and donepezil. He is confused and oriented only to person. He is unable to count
serial sevens backward from 100. He is able to register 3 items but unable to recall them 5 minutes later. Which of the following
is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Risperidone
Ginkgo biloba
Memantine
36. A 62-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of 6 months of progressive weakness in her arms and legs. During
this time, she has also had diFculty swallowing and holding her head up. Examination shows pooling of oral secretions. Muscle
strength and tone are decreased in the upper extremities. Deep tendon reVexes are 1+ in the right upper and lower extremities,
3+ in the left upper extremity, and 4+ in the left lower extremity. Sensation to light touch, pinprick, and vibration are intact.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Status epilepticus
Generalized nonmotor seizure
38. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes the
headache as a
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
Page 10 of 555
:
39. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of blurred vision for the past 2 months. During this period, she has
also had diFculty chewing and swallowing. She reports that her symptoms worsen throughout the day and improve with rest.
There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The patient works as a teacher and has had a great deal of stress lately.
She does not smoke and drinks a glass of wine occasionally. She takes no medications. Her temperature is 37.0
Plasmapheresis
MRI of the Brain
CT scan of the chest
Serum ACTH and CRH levels
40. 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes the
headache as a
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
41. A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a worsening tremor that began 1 year ago. The tremor affects his left
hand and improves when he uses his hand to complete a task. He also reports feeling stiffer throughout the day, and he has
fallen twice in the past year. He has not noticed any changes in his cognition or mood. He has not had diFculty sleeping, but his
wife says that he would kick and punch while dreaming for almost a decade. His mother has Alzheimer disease. He drinks two
cans of beer daily. He takes no medications. He appears well-nourished. Vital signs are within normal limits. The patient
maintains a blank stare throughout the visit. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?
Extensor plantar response
Cog-wheel rigidity on the left
Choreiform movements
No abnormalities
MRI
EMG
EEG
Lumbar puncture
Page 11 of 555
:
43. A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department for 2 days of episodic headaches. The pain is most intense on his
left forehead and eye. He had similar symptoms last summer. He has been taking indomethacin every 6 hours for the last 24
hours but has not had any relief. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 5 years. He works as an accountant and
describes his work as very stressful. He appears restless. Physical examination shows drooping of the left eyelid, tearing of the
left eye, and rhinorrhea. The left pupil is 2 mm and the right pupil is 4 mm. There is localized tenderness along the right
supraspinatus muscle. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
Subarachnoid hemmorhage
Cluster headache
Migraine headache
44. A 28-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of an excruciating headache that started 30 minutes ago.
The pain is located around the right eye and it awoke him from sleep. Over the past two weeks, he has had similar headaches
around the same time of the day, and he reports pacing around restlessly during these episodes. Physical examination shows
conjunctival injection and tearing of the right eye. In addition to supplemental oxygen therapy, administration of which of the
following drugs is most likely to provide acute relief in this patient?
Indomethacin
Sumatriptan
Carbamazepine
Amitriptyline
temperature is 37.1
Vitamin B12
Riluzole
Corticosteroids
Page 12 of 555
:
46. A 73-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because of increasing forgetfulness over the past 2 years.
Initially, she used to misplace keys and forget her dog's name or her phone number. Now, she often forgets about what she has
seen on television or read about the day before. She used to go for a walk every morning but stopped one month ago after she
became lost on her way back home. Her son has prevented her from cooking because she has had episodes of leaving the gas
stove oven on after cooking a meal. She becomes agitated when asked questions directly but is unconcerned when her son
reports her history and says he is overprotective of her. She has hypertension, coronary artery disease, and
hypercholesterolemia. Current medications include aspirin, enalapril, carvedilol, and atorvastatin. She is alert and oriented to
place and person but not to time. Vital signs are within normal limits. Short- and long-term memory de[cits are present. Her
speech rhythm is normal but is frequently interrupted as she thinks of words to frame her sentences. She makes multiple errors
while performing serial sevens. Her clock drawing is impaired and she draws 14 numbers. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
Lewy body dementia
Vascular dementia
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Alzheimer disease
47. A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for blurry vision and increased diFculty walking over the past month. He feels
very fatigued after watering his garden but feels better after taking a nap. He has not had any recent illness. He has smoked one
pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Examination shows drooping of the upper eyelids bilaterally and diminished motor strength
in the upper extremities. Sensation to light touch and deep tendon reVexes are intact. An x-ray of the chest shows low lung
volumes bilaterally. A drug with which of the following mechanisms of action is most appropriate for this patient?
Inhibition of muscarinic ACh receptor
Regeneration of acetylcholinesterase
Stimulation of D2 receptors
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
48. A 72-year-old man comes to the physician with his son for a follow-up examination. The son reports that his father's mental
status has declined since the previous visit when he was diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia. The patient often begins tasks
and forgets what he was doing. He has increased trouble remembering events that occurred the day before and sometimes
forgets names of common household objects. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. His current medications include
lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atorvastatin, and donepezil. He is confused and oriented only to person. He is unable to count
serial sevens backward from 100. He is able to register 3 items but unable to recall them 5 minutes later. Which of the following
is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Risperidone
Ginkgo biloba
Citalopram
Memantine
Page 13 of 555
:
49. A 33-year-old woman is noted to have daily severe headaches. Her physician prescribed botulinum toxin injections, which
have been highly effective. Which of the following types of headaches is most likely to be present?
Migraine vascular headache
Cluster vascular headache
Cervical muscle spasm
Tension headache
50. The symptoms of Jacksonian epilepsy are not
upward and downward migration of convulsions
generalized character of seizures
seizure-like nature
march of convulsions to half of the body
localized seizures
51. An open head injury is an injury to the brain:
1. with contusion of soft tissues without damage to the aponeurosis
2.with damage to the aponeurosis
3. with fracture of bones of the cranial roof
4. with fracture of the bones of the skull base without liquorrhea
5. with the development of epidural hematoma
52. Which symptom is not characteristic of an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
paralysis of extremities
sensory disturbances
akinetic and rigid syndrome
optic neuritis
facial nerve palsy
Page 14 of 555
:
53. The ocular form of myasthenia gravis is characterized by:
Scotomas
hemianopsia
Ptosis and double vision
Atrophy of optic disc
visual hallucinations
54. The main symptoms of a hysterical seizure are not
"public" seizures
normal EEG
spasm of the eyelids when attempting to examine the pupils
arching position
loss of consciousness
55. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on the following symptoms except:
repeated episodes of clonic-tonic seizures
a neurological picture of multifocal CNS involvement
recurrent cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis;
progressive bladder dysfunction;
a period of remission followed by a period of exacerbation
56. A 40-year-old patient was taken by an ambulance to the emergency neurology department with complaints of diFculty in
swallowing, lack of movement in all extremities, and a feeling of numbness in them. From the anamnesis: the disease began
acutely 4 days ago with weakness in the legs, 2 days ago weakness in the arms joined. 2 weeks ago she had Vu. The study of
the neurological status revealed: dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia. Suppression of tendon and periosteal reVexes. Decreased
muscle tone. Decrease in muscle strength to 0-1 points. Sensory impairment like “gloves and socks”. What research method
will be the most informative for clarifying the diagnosis?
Electroneuromyography
Electroencephalography
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
Doppler ultrasonography of the vessels of the neck
Page 15 of 555
:
57. A 37-year-old alcoholic man awakes with clumsiness of his right hand. Neurologic examination reveals poor extension of
the hand at the wrist. He most likely has injured which one of the following nerves?
Median nerve
Brachioradialis nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
58. A 45-year-old woman, while working felt a severe headache and fainted. The emergency team was taken to the neurological
department of the general hospital. In the neurological status: pronounced meningeal and cerebral symptoms, psychomotor
agitation. During a lumbar puncture, blood was found in the cerebrospinal Vuid. Focal neurological symptoms were not
identi[ed. What additional research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
CT scan of the brain
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
59. A systemic degenerative progressive disease of the nervous system with involvement of the lateral columns of the spinal
cord and anterior horns is called
Multiple sclerosis.
syringomyelia.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
poliomyelitis.
infantile cerebral palsy
60. Obesity of the trunk, neck and face, hypofunction of the gonads and changes in secondary sexual characteristics, changes
in the type of hair growth, decalci[cation of bones, arterial hypertension, vasomotor and trophic skin disorders are:
tumor of the frontal lobe.
Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome
Raynaud's disease
Itsengo-Cushing's syndrome
Page 16 of 555
:
61. A 19-year-old man is involved in a street [ght in which he is viciously attacked with a lead pipe. A particularly forceful blow
hits his left elbow. Blunt trauma to the elbow may lead to the development of which of the following?
Wristdrop
Weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis
Clawhand or benediction sign (impaired extension of digits 4 and 5)
Ulnar deviation of the hand
Poor pronation of the forearm
62. Which of these is not a feature of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Originating distal to the effector organ
Unmyelinated
Short
Noradrenergic
63. The most informative method for the detection of thymoma is:
Pneumomediastinography
phlebography
MRI
radiography
Fluorography
64. Blindness, disk atrophy, impairment of pupil reaction develop with damage in _______ cranial nerve
oculomotor, III
optic, II
cortex
cerebellar
Page 17 of 555
:
65. 1. The presence of Parkinsonism suggests damage to the following:
caudate nucleus
black substance
cerebellar
frontal lobe
66. Cholinergic crisis in proserine overdose is not accompanied by:
mydriasis;
hypersalivation;
increased peristalsis;
myoUbrillation, tremor;
all answers are correct.
67. State the differential diagnostic signs of syncope from epilepsy:
Gradual recovery of consciousness
Rapid impairment of consciousness
Short-term, monotonous vegeto-visceral disturbances
Spontaneous onset
Presence of a triggering factor
68. The clinical forms of multiple sclerosis include all of the following except:
spinal
cerebellar;
akinetic and rigid;
ocular;;
cerebral;
Page 18 of 555
:
69. Which nerve is affected?
Oculomotor nerve
Nervus vagus
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
70. What kind of diagnostic procedure is this?
ENMG
EEG
MRA
CT Scan
71. A 26-year-old graduate student presents to the emergency room with a severe left-sided throbbing headache associated
with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. She has tried taking ibuprofen without relief. On further questioning, she relates that
she has been having similar headaches three to four times per month for the past year. Her mother had a similar problem. Her
examination is normal. Immediate therapy for this patient’s present headache might include which of the following drugs?
Sumatriptan
Nitroglycerine
Verapamil
Amitriptyline hydrochloride
Phenobarbital
72. State the signs of status epilepticus:
Seizure duration up to 10 minutes
lack of consciousness during the interictal period
Frequent seizures (up to 10) over a 24-hour period
Frequent seizures (up to 30) within a day
Page 19 of 555
:
73. Myasthenia gravis is affected by:
anterior horn cells;
neuromuscular synapses;
sensory ganglia;
borderline sympathetic trunk;
parasympathetic ganglia.
74. Migraine status is not characterised by
repeated recurrent vomiting
a series of severe, consecutive attacks
tonic-clonic convulsions
signs of irritation of the cerebral membranes
increased intracranial pressure
75. A 22-year-old woman reports a scotoma progressing across her left visual [eld over the course of 30 minutes, followed by
left hemicranial throbbing pain, nausea, and photophobia. Her brother and mother have similar headaches. Which of the
following is present in this patient’s condition but not in common migraine?
Photophobia
Familial pattern
Visual aura
Hemicranial pain
Nausea
76. Which of the following is not primary headache?
migraine
tension headache
cluster headache
meningitis
Page 20 of 555
:
77. A patient is experiencing a pulsating pain that has gradually increased in intensity over the last 3 hours. The pain has
started on the left forehead but is now present on both temples and whole forehead. This is highly suggestive of which of the
followings?
Headache coincidental with hemorrhage
Migraine
Cluster headache
Tension headache
Headache sentinel of aneurysm leak
Brain tumor
78. Indicate the signs of a migraine:
Physical activity is not impaired
No nausea
unilateral throbbing headache
Diffuse pain
79. List the signs of simple and complex absences:
Absence of impaired consciousness
Length of seizure
Gradual onset
Severe autonomic disturbances
absence of generalized convulsions
Page 21 of 555
:
80. A 69-year-old patient consulted a neuropathologist at the polyclinic with complaints of weakness in the right extremities,
which developed yesterday morning and completely disappeared after 3-4 hours. At the time of examination, no focal
neurological symptoms were found. In the biochemical analysis of blood, hypercholesterolemia takes place. According to
ultrasound data of the neck vessels, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries was revealed. Which research method from
the following will exclude stroke?
MRI of the brain
Skull X-ray
Rheoencephalography
81. Clinical forms of multiple sclerosis include all of the following except:
cerebral;
ocular;
akinetic and rigid;
cerebellar;
spinal
82. Specify the syndrome characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
Amyotrophies with Ubrillation and hyperre[exia
Central monoparesis
Trophic ulcers
Seizures
Dysfunction of the pelvic organs
83. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis a combined lesion develops:
anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord
anterior horns and pyramidal pathway
posterior horns and posterior spinal cord columns
pyramidal pathway and cerebellum
anterior horns and anterior roots
Page 22 of 555
:
84. Which antiepileptic medicines are [rst choice drugs?
benzonal
Sucilept
Carbamazepine (celepsin, tegretol etc.)
Sucilept
Diazepam (seduxen etc._)
85. Signs of lumboischialgia:Transient disorders of cerebral circulation include:
Transient ischemic attacks
Hypertensive cerebral crises
Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A, B.
86. A 35-year-old woman works as a keyboard operator and must type for 6 hours per day. Over the course of a few months she
has developed pain in her wrists (right worse than left), as well as some paresthesias into the lateral palmar aspect of her
hands. There is no atrophy. conservative treatment for her condition consists of which of the following?
Exploratory surgery
Wrist splints
Hydrocodone
Shoulder sling
Back brace
87. Muscles weakness, spasticity, brisk reVexes, Babinsky response develop with damage in
upper motor neuron
lower motor neuron
cerebellum
brainstem
Page 23 of 555
:
88. One of the most important functions of the autonomic nervous system is the following:
1. regulation of homeostasis
2. voluntary movements
3. coordination of movements
4. involuntary movements
89. Ptosis, ophtalmoplegia, midriasis develop with damage in _________ cranial nerve
facial nerve
nervus abdusence
oculomotor, III
optic nerve
90. Syndrome characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
epilepsy
pelvic organ dysfunction
amyotrophy with Ubrillation and hyperre[exia
central monoparesis
alternating syndrome
91. Select symptoms not characteristic of myasthenia gravis:
weakness of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles;
dysphagia, dysphonia
weakness of the oculomotor muscles;
muscle weakness
drooping hands and feet.
Page 24 of 555
:
92. which of the following headaches is life threatening
hypertension with assosiated headache, Uts and visual changes
meningitis
stroke- subarachnoid haemorrhage
all of the above
93. Loss of balance, coordination & decreased muscles tone develop with damage in
cerebellar
upper motor neuron
lower motor neuron
basal ganglia
94. An elderly patient suffers from a relatively mild head trauma but then subsequently develops a progressive dementia over
the course of several weeks. He is most likely to have sustained which of the following?
An acute subdural hematoma
An acute epidural hematoma
A chronic subdural hematoma
An intracerebral hematoma
An intracerebellar hematoma
95. Absences are characterised by
wavy spreading of convulsions from one muscle group to the whole half of the body
myoclonias
tonic convulsions only
tonic-clonic convulsions without impairment of consciousness
impaired consciousness without seizures
Page 25 of 555
:
96. The most informative instrumental method of diagnosing subdural hematoma is
CT scan
angiography
echoencephalography
MRI
ultrasound examination
97. The presence of low muscle tone, delayed speech development, tremor is characteristic of the form of cerebral palsy:
double hemiplegia
spastic diplegia
hemiplegic
hyperkinetic atonic-astatic
98. The patient has an attack of Vuctuations in blood pressure, general hyperhidrosis, astheno-neurotic phenomena, early
menopause, obesity, thirst, sleep disturbances, neurodermatitis. What kind of syndrome is this?
Claude Bernard-Horner Syndrome.
Hyperkinetic.
Hypothalamic syndrom
Parkinson's syndrome.
Itsengo-Cushinga.
99. What is a common trigger of migraines?
Stress
Flickering lights
Chocolate and red wine
All of the above
Page 26 of 555
:
100. Which type of metabolic disorder leads to the development of Parkinson's disease?
lipid;
catecholamines;
protein;
carbohydrate;
carbohydrate;
101. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurons are damaged:
sensory;
motor;
autonomic;
sympathetic;
parasympathetic.
102. The vagus nerve regulates major elements of which part of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
enteric nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
103. The main symptoms of a generalised epileptic seizure do not include
involuntary urination
biting of the tongue
generalized convulsions
localized convulsions
Page 27 of 555
:
104. Symptom characteristic of bulbar form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
sensory disturbances
dysarthria and dysphagia
amblyopia
atrophy of lower limbs
hypotonia
105. The autonomic nervous system includes any of the following EXCEPT:
1. hypothalamus
2. paravertebral sympathetic trunk
3. vagal nerve
4. cerebral cortex
106. A 16-year-old woman has been having attacks of weakness, blurry vision, and loss of consciousness. The symptoms
progress over 20-to-30 minutes, then begin to recede and are followed by a throbbing occipital headache. This patient’s
symptoms are most likely due to which of the following?
Common migraine
Basilar migraine
Transient ischemic attack
Orthostatic hypotension
107. Muscles weakness, wasting, Vaccidity, depressed deep reVexes develop with damage in
lower motor neuron
upper motor neuron
cortex
cerebellum
Page 28 of 555
:
108. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to the '[ght and Vight' response. Which of these is not part of that
process
Vasodilatation in skeletal muscle
Sweating
Bladder relaxation
Increased gut motility
109. In initial stage of Parkinson disease the most typical involuntary movement is the following:
1. chorea
2. atetosis
3. tremor
4. dystonia
110. Systemic degenerative progressive disease of the nervous system with damage to the lateral columns of the spinal cord
and anterior horns is called:
multiple sclerosis.
syringomyelia.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
poliomyelitis.
111. Name which disease is characterized by bradykinesia, shuoing gait, slow speech, greasy and amymic face?
Neurosyphilis
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Neurobrucellosis
Page 29 of 555
:
112. Choose a research method to con[rm the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
X-ray of the spine
Spondylography
Rheoencephalography
Lumbar punction
Blood test
113. EEG examinations are the most informative in cases of
brain injury
brain tumour
arachnoiditis
epilepsy
meningitis
114. A 25-year-old patient after a week's rest on Issyk-Kul, noted a violation of the function of the pelvic organs (retention of
urine and feces), after a few months her gait changed. Examination of the patient revealed: speech disorder (chanted speech),
nystagmus, intention in [nger and heel-knee tests, spastic-atactic gait, absence of abdominal reVexes, increase of deep
reVexes, pathological reVexes are determined, the function of pelvic organs is impaired by the type of urinary retention. What
diagnosis is possible in this case?
Multiple sclerosis
Wilson disease
Meningitis
Epilepsy
Encephalitis
115. In parkinsonism, movement disorders are of the following nature, except:
the "cogwheel" phenomenon;
athetosis of the Ungers;
propulsion;
mask-like face
a shuging gait.
Page 30 of 555
:
116. Which structures of the brain and spinal cord are not affected in multiple sclerosis?
cranial nerve nuclei;
periventricular white matter
cerebellar peduncles
white matter of the spinal cord
the corpus callosum
117. Criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis:
young age of onset of the disease;
multifocal lesions of the central nervous system;
remitting course;
MRI foci of demyelination;
all of the above.
118. . A 28-year-old police oFcer has been generally healthy except for mild, easily controlled hypertension. He sustains a
gunshot wound to the upper arm. This type of trauma may cause partial damage to the median nerve that may leave the patient
with which of the following?
Easily provoked pain in the hand
Weakness on wrist extension
Numbness over the Ufth digit
Atrophy in the Urst dorsal interosseous muscle
Radial deviation of the hand
119. To diagnose myasthenia gravis is informative:
Muscle biopsy
Proserine test
spinal [uid analysis
EEG
Karyotyping
Page 31 of 555
:
120. What are the clinical manifestations and topicalities of partial motor Jackson seizures?
Supracranial gyrus
Posterior central gyrus
forcible turning of head and eyes
Sucking, swallowing, chewing movements
Clonic, tonic spasms in separate muscle groups in the arm, leg or face
121. Any of the following cranial nerves has the parasympathetic nucleus EXCEPT:
1. vagal
2. oculomotor
3. glossopharyngeal
4. olfactory
122. The causative agents of primary serous meningitis include:
coxsackievirus
poliomyelitis virus
Mumps virus
enterovirus ESNO
streptococcus
123. Symptoms characteristic of the chronic stage of epidemic encephalitis:
limb paralysis
hypokinesia
headache
muscle rigidity
static tremor
bilateral ptosis
epileptic seizures
Page 32 of 555
:
124. The pressure in the large vessels of the large cerebral arterial circle is:
higher in the carotid system
higher in vertebral-basilar system
equal
125. Symptoms characteristic of parenchymatous hemorrhage:
impaired consciousness
hemiplegia
rise in BP
gaze paralysis
kernig's symptom
all above
126. Focal symptoms characteristic of vertebral artery thrombosis:
cerebellar ataxia
nystagmus
headache
meningeal symptoms
127. Pain on the posterolateral surface of the hip is characteristic of the lesion of the of the radicle:
L2
L4
L5
S1
Page 33 of 555
:
128. The cervical plexus is composed of the spinal cord roots:
C1-C8.
C3-C8
C1-C4
C5-Th 2.
C1-Th2
129. Which nerve damage is indicated in the photo?
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
brachial plexus
130. Capillary network density in the brain is proportional to:
number of nerve cells
surface area of nerve cells
intensity of nerve cell function
131. etiological factors of ischemic stroke:
hypertension
atherosclerosis
heart rhythm disorders
systemic vasculitis
blood diseases
all above
Page 34 of 555
:
132. Spinal ganglion lesions are characterized by:
radicular pain
herpetic rash /herpes zoster/.
Peripheral segmental paresis
dissociated type of sensitivity disorder
disorder of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding segment
133. Infectious complications of open craniocerebral trauma:
meningitis
brain abscess
osteomyelitis
a,b,c
b,c
134. The cause of trigeminal neuralgia is
diseases of the paranasal sinuses
nerve root compression by tortuous vessels at the base of the brain
compression of the nerve branches in the suborbital and mandibular canals
all of the above
b) and c) are correct.
135. Cerebral haemorrhage usually develops:
at night during sleep
in the morning after sleeping
in the daytime during activity
Page 35 of 555
:
136. A 45-year-old woman, while working felt a severe headache and fainted. The emergency team was taken to the
neurological department of the general hospital. In the neurological status: pronounced meningeal and cerebral symptoms,
psychomotor agitation. During a lumbar puncture, blood was found in the cerebrospinal Vuid. Focal neurological symptoms
were not identi[ed. What additional research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
137. When oxygen content in arterial blood decreases, cerebral vessels:
constrict
dilate
do not change lumen diameter
138. Impairment of the femoral nerve is characteristic for a lesion of the femoral nerve:
[exion of the tibia
extension of the lower leg
plantar extension of the foot
dorsi[exion of foot
Achilles re[ex
X-ray of the spine
Spondylography
Rheoencephalography
Lumbar punction
Blood test
Page 36 of 555
:
140. A 37-year-old man, after diving, notes headache, joint pain, numbness, tingling in the extremities, dizziness, bubbles
formed on the skin, by profession a diver, experience of 8 years. First aid in this situation?
Oxygen therapy
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Vibratory back massage
Induce vomiting
141. Alcoholic polyneuropathy is characterized by
predominant involvement of the lower extremities
predominant involvement of the upper extremities
pain in ankles and feet
pain in forearms and wrists
correct a) and c)
true b) and d)
142. etiological factors of cerebral hemorrhage:
hypertension
arterio-venous malformations
systemic vasculitis
blood diseases
secondary renal hypertension
all above
143. Secondary purulent meningitis can develop due to:
penetrating wound of the skull
purulent otitis media
purulent sinusitis
meningococcemia
bronchiectasis
Page 37 of 555
:
144. Focal symptoms characteristic of right middle cerebral artery thrombosis:
sensory aphasia
left-sided central hemiparesis
left-sided hemianopsia
swallowing disorders
right-sided hemihypesthesia
vomiting
145. Cerebral blood Vow in a healthy person does not depend on general haemodynamics during
[uctuations between:
100 - 200 mmHg.
60 - 200 mmHg.
60 - 250 mmHg.
146. Hemorrhage in the brain develops as a result of:
vessel rupture
thrombosis
diapedesis
Correct a,c
147. Type of inheritance in epilepsy:
autosomal dominant
autosomal recurrent
polygenic
148. Headache in case of cerebral haemorrhage:
is not characteristic
sudden sharp
moderate
Page 38 of 555
:
149. A 25-year-old woman complained of bouts of intense throbbing pain, usually in the left half of the head. The patient
noticed that quite often the attack occurred after drinking red wine, coffee, chocolate. The attack is preceded by visual
impairment in the form of loss of the right halves of the visual [eld. Headache is accompanied by nausea, sometimes vomiting.
The patient was previously diagnosed with migraine by a family doctor. Drugs from which pharmacological group should be
prescribed for the relief of headaches?
Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Nonsteroidal anti-in[ammatory
Tranquilizers
Nootropic
150. Focal symptoms characteristic of anterior cerebral artery thrombosis:
visual disturbances
central paresis of the leg
central paresis of the arm
mental disturbances
meningeal symptoms
151. Symptoms characteristic of polyneuropathy:
hemiparesis
conductive type of sensitivity disorder
pain along the nerves
peripheral paresis of hands, feet
muscle hypertonia
decreased sensitivity in distal parts of limbs
vegetative disorders in distal parts of extremities
Page 39 of 555
:
152. Main inhibitory neurotransmitters in epilepsy:
GABA
serotonin
glutamate
noradrenaline
histamine
153. The villous circle includes the arteries:
anterior cerebral
anterior connective
ophthalmic
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
posterior connective
superior cerebellar
154. Concussion is characterized by symptoms:
prolonged disturbance of consciousness / more than 30 minutes /
headache
nausea, vomiting
meningeal symptoms
155. Neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve is characterized by:
attacks of acute pain in the face
peripheral paresis of facial muscles
presence of trigger zones on the face
decrease in taste in the posterior third of the tongue
pain control with Unglepsin
Page 40 of 555
:
156. Focal symptoms characteristic of basilar artery thrombosis:
cranial nerve involvement
tetraparesis
disorder of consciousness
vomiting
157. Antibiotics in ischemic stroke are prescribed for:
treatment of the underlying disease
prevention of pneumonia
prevention of bedsores
prevention of uroinfection
158. the onset in a haemorrhagic stroke of the haematoma type:
sudden
increase in symptoms over a period of hours
[icker of symptoms
159. The most informative diagnostic methods of examination in ischemic
roke:
electroencephalography
angiography of cerebral vessels
lumbar puncture
computed tomography
ventriculography
pneumoencephalography
Page 41 of 555
:
160. Diabetic polyneuropathy develops as a result of
peripheral nerve vascular lesions
glucose metabolism disorders
toxic damage of peripheral nerves myelin
all of the above
correct a) and b)
161. femoral nerve neuropathy is characterized by
Laseg's symptom
weakness of the quadriceps femoris muscle
absence of Achilles re[ex
all of the above
correct b) and c)
162. Echoencephalogram in case of cerebral parenchymal haemorrhage /hematoma type/:
M-Echo without displacement
M-Echo displacement greater than 3 mm
M-EChO displacement more than 14 mm
163. A 35-year-old woman was hospitalized in the neurology department with complaints of headaches, bouts of loss of
consciousness with convulsions in the extremities, an increase in body temperature to 39.0 C, chills, decreased appetite, as well
as weakness and restriction of movements in the right extremities. From anamnesis: acutely ill, 3 days ago. In neurostatus,
right-sided central hemiparesis, insuFciency of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves by central type on the right. Which research
method is the most informative in this patient to determine the nature of convulsive seizures?
Rheoencephalography
Echoencephalography
Ultrasound Dopplerography
Page 42 of 555
:
164. A 23-year-old patient turned to a neuropathologist at the polyclinic with complaints of a twisted face to the right, pouring
food out of the left corner of the mouth, inability to close the left eye. On the eve of the disease, hypothermia took place. What
additional research is optimal to exclude intracranial pathology?
MRI of the brain
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
165. Compression of the brain by a traumatic intracranial hematoma is characterized by symptoms:
presence of a "light gap"
displacement of the M-Echo in the ECHO-EG
bradycardia
all above
166. Changes in the cerebrospinal Vuid characteristic of ischemic stroke:
lymphocytic pleocytosis
number of lymphocytes - 1-5 per 1µl
opalescence
amount of protein - 0.2-0.4 g/l
167. When BP rises, cerebral vessels:
constrict
dilate
Page 43 of 555
:
168. Willisian circle can provide adequate cerebral blood Vow in thrombosed artery:
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
internal carotid
external carotid
169. 35 year old male found unconscious, normal fundi and pupils, extensor plantars, fever headache and neck stiffness. CT
scan of brain was done. Increased intensity around circle of Willis and midbrain. Most likely diagnosis is?
meningitis
malignant meningitis
subarachnoid haemorrhage
obstructive hydrocephalus
brain haemorrhage.
170. The classi[cation of polyneuropathies is based on the following principle
etiology of the disease
peculiarities of disease course
peculiarities of clinical picture
correct b) and c)
all of the above are true
171. Blood in large cerebral vessels under physiological conditions:
mixes in the basilar system
mixed in the carotid system
does not mix
Page 44 of 555
:
172. The most common picture of the ocular fundus in ischaemic stroke:
normal
retinal haemorrhages
retinal angiosclerosis
congestion of optic disc
173. Typical complaints of patients with trigeminal neuralgia are
persistent nagging pain affecting half of the face
short paroxysms of intense pain provoked by light touch on the face
episodes of growing pains in the region of the eye, jaw, teeth, accompanied by intense lacrimation and salivation
long pains in the area of the orbit, the corner of the eye, accompanied by impaired visual acuity
174. The drugs of choice for controlling cerebral edema in ischemic stroke:
steroid hormones
glycerin
furosemide
All above
175. Stages of dyscirculatory encephalopathy are distinguished on the basis of
degree of disability
changes in EEG and EEG indexes
severity of mental disorders
degree of arterial pressure increase
correct a) and c)
Page 45 of 555
:
176. Symptoms characteristic of mosquito encephalitis:
peripheral paralysis of the upper extremities
epileptic seizures
sharp headache, vomiting
increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees
meningeal symptoms
all above
177. With damage of the median nerve there is no
impairment of [exion of the 1st, 2nd and partly 3rd Ungers
wrist pronation disorder
weakness of extensor muscles of the middle phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd Ungers
decrease of musculo-articular feeling in the terminal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd Ungers
atrophy of interosseous muscles of the hand
178. Tactics for managing patients with hemorrhagic stroke in the acute period:
elevated head position
lowered position of the head
ensuring airway patency
control of cerebral edema
control of pulmonary edema
preventing pneumonia
normalization of BP
all above
Page 46 of 555
:
179. Brain contusion is characterized by symptoms:
short-term disturbance of consciousness /3-5 minutes/.
focal symptoms of brain damage
meningeal symptoms
cranial bone fractures on craniograms
b,c,d
a,b,d
180. To control the status epilepticus, use:
seduxen
respiratory analeptics
ganglioblockers
181. A 65-year-old patient was taken to the department of emergency neurology with complaints of severe headaches, nausea,
repeated vomiting. From anamnesis: The disease began 3 hours ago, when the above complaints developed acutely against the
background of physical exertion. In neurological status there are positive meningeal symptoms in the form of rigidity of the
neck muscles and Kernig's symptom. Which research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
182. The lesion of the sciatic nerve is characterized by:
absence of knee re[ex
hypoesthesia on the anterior surface of the thigh
positive Wasserman's symptom
Page 47 of 555
:
183. The brachial plexus does not include
supraclavicular nerve
subclavian nerve
Sublumbar nerve
ulnar nerve
correct a) and c)
184. Consciousness in ischaemic stroke is more common:
coma
somnolence
not impaired
185. The vertebrobasilar and carotid cerebral blood Vow systems anastomose through the artery:
anterior connecting artery
posterior connective
ophthalmic
cerebral sheath
186. When blood carbon dioxide content decreases, cerebral vessels:
narrow
expand.
187. Causalgic pain syndrome is most commonly associated with nerve damage
median nerve
ulnar
tibial
peroneal
correct a) and b)
correct a) and c)
Page 48 of 555
:
188. Classic trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by
permanent pain syndrome
hypalgesia on face in the area of innervation of II and III branches of the nerve
trigger zones on the face
psychomotor agitation during the attack
correct b) and c)
189. Tibial nerve neuropathy is characterized by
loss of Achilles re[ex
impairment of sensitivity on anterior surface of the tibia
paresis of [exors of foot
all of the above
correct a) and c)
190. The most effective method of pathogenetic therapy for trigeminal neuralgia is to prescribe
analgesics
antispasmodics
anticonvulsants
all of the above
none of the above
191. Which disease"s signs is showed in the picture?
Encephalitis
Stroke
Parkinson"s disease
Meningitis
Page 49 of 555
:
192. Radial nerve damage in the middle third of the shoulder is characterized by
paralysis of forearm extensors
loss of re[ex from triceps muscle
correct a,b
correct a,c
193. A factor determining nerve damage in diphtheria polyneuropathy is
infectious
toxic
vascular
metabolic
all of the above
194. The skin of a patient with cerebral haemorrhage is more often:
pale
colourless
hyperemic
195. Which nerve is affected in the photo?
tibial nerve
peroneal nerve
sciatic nerve
femoral nerve
196. Clinical signs of femoral external cutaneous nerve neuropathy are
decreased knee re[ex
ypoesthesia on the external anterior surface of the thigh
hypoesthesia on the external posterior surface of the thigh
correct a) and b)
correct a) and c)
Page 50 of 555
:
197. Hemorrhagic strokes include:
thrombotic strokes
parenchymatous hemorrhages
subrenal hemorrhages
ventricular hemorrhages
embolic strokes
combined forms of hemorrhages
correct 2,3,4,6
198. Weakness of radial nerve in upper third of upper arm is not characteristic of
extensors of forearm
extensors of wrist
muscles that extends the 1st toe
deltoid muscle
199. Symptoms characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
. sudden headache
hemiparesis
gradual increase in symptoms
meningeal symptoms
200. Focal symptoms characteristic of posterior cerebral artery thrombosis:
homonymous hemianopsia
visual agnosia
central hemiparesis
motor aphasia
comatose state
Page 51 of 555
:
201. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy is characterized by
damage of cranial nerves
marked pelvic disorders
persistent bilateral pyramidal symptoms
all of the above
correct b) and c)
202. Degerin-Kluempke's palsy is characterized by a sensory disturbance
on external surface of the arm
on the inner surface of the arm
on the external surface of the forearm
on the inner surface of the forearm
correct a) and c)
correct b) and d)
203. Symptoms characteristic of diphtheria polyneuropathy:
central tetraparesis
bulbar paralysis
accommodation paralysis
meningeal symptoms
pleocytosis in CSF
parasthesias in extremities
cardiac rhythm disorders
204. In blood tests in haemorrhagic stroke:
normal
leucopenia
leucocytosis
Page 52 of 555
:
205. Symptoms characteristic of the acute stage of epidemic encephalitis:
paresis of accommodation, diplopia
pathological somnolence
vegetative disorders /hypersalivation, hyperhidrosis, hiccups/.
reverse Argyle-Robertson syndrome
all above
206. To improve the rheological properties of blood in ischemic stroke it is advisable to use:
reopolyglucin
euUllin
trental
aspirin
correct a,b,c,d
correct c,d
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
Page 53 of 555
:
208. Lesions of the femoral nerve above the pouparticular ligament are characterized by
paralysis of the hip [exors
paralysis of the extensors of the tibia
all of the above
correct a) and b)
209. Medicinal polyneuropathies are more often caused by
cytostatics
hypotensive drugs
antituberculosis drugs
correct a) and c)
true a) and b)
210. Compression neuropathy of the median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome) is characterized by
weakness of I, Ungers
atrophy of the thumb eminence muscle
increase of pain in the hand when bending it
Correct b) and c)
true a) and c)
211. Meningeal symptoms in cerebral haemorrhage occur:
almost always
rarely
do not occur
Page 54 of 555
:
212. With magnetic resonance imaging, the focus of an ischemic brain stroke is detected from the onset of the disease
in 1 hour
after 3 h
after 6 h
by the end of the Urst day
213. Sciatic nerve neuropathy is characterized by
Wasserman's symptom
loss of knee re[ex
all of the above
correct a) and b)
constricted
dilate
215. The diagnosis of transient cerebral circulatory disorder is made if the focal cerebral symptoms undergo complete
regression no later than
1 day
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
1 month
Page 55 of 555
:
216. Which nerve is affected in the photo?
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Tibial nerve
brachial plexus
217. The brachial plexus is composed of the spinal cord roots:
C3-C8
C5-Th2
C7-TH2
C7-Th4
C5-C8
218. Which nerve damage is indicated in the photo?
Tibial nerve
The Ubula nerve
Sciatic nerve
Femoral
219. Tibial nerve impingement syndrome (tarsal canal syndrome) is characterized by
pain in the plantar area
swelling in the area of the external ankle
paresis of [exor toes
correct b) and c)
true a) and c)
Page 56 of 555
:
220. Impairment of ulnar nerve at carpal level is not characteristic of
weakness of extension and adduction of the Ufth Unger
impaired adduction of the thumb
hypoesthesia on the dorsum of the Ufth Unger
presence of paresthesia on the inner surface of the hand
221. Compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve (ulnar joint impingement syndrome) is characterized by
weakness of II, III Ungers of the hand
atrophy of the muscle of the little Unger eminence
pain on the ulnar surface of the hand
all of the above
correct b) and c)
222. Ischemic nonembolic stroke is characterized by the onset of:
acute
gradual /a few hours/.
in the morning hours after sleep
after psycho-emotional tension
after taking a hot bath
223. A 35-year-old woman was hospitalized in the Department of neurology with complaints of headaches, bouts of loss of
right-sided central hemiparesis, insuFciency of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves by central type on the right. What diagnosis is
possible in this case?
Syringomyelia
Encephalitis
Arachnoiditis
Meningitis
Myasthenia gravis
Page 57 of 555
:
224. The syndrome of peroneal nerve entrapment in the area of the fossa of the hamstring is characterized by
weakness of plantar [exors of the foot
hypotrophy of the peroneal muscle groups
hypalgesia of the external surface of the lower leg
correct a) and b)
correct b) and c)
225. Tactics for managing patients with hemorrhagic stroke in the recovery period:
extension of bed rest in 2 weeks.
After 4 to 8 weeks, extension of bed rest; 3.
administration of nootropic drugs
prescription of anticoagulants
massage of paralyzed limbs
PHYSICAL THERAPY
226. In myasthenic crisis it is necessary to:
administer respiratory analeptics
administer proserine v/v
administer oxazyl per os
227. The basic treatment regimen for tuberculous meningitis includes:
isoniazid 15 mg/kg weight per day
rifampicin 600 mg per day
penicillin 12 mln units per day
streptomycin 1 gram per day
Seduxen up to 3 tablets per day
Page 58 of 555
:
228. Liquor in haemorrhagic stroke:
bloody
opalescent
colourless
229. Diphtheria polyneuropathy is not characterized by
bulbar disorders
pelvic disorders
deep sensitivity disorders
accommodation disorders
sensory ataxia
230. Polyneuropathy syndrome is manifested by
weakness of proximal limbs
sensitivity disturbance in distal limbs
vegetative disorders in hands and feet
correct a) and b)
correct b) and c)
231. Clinical signs of peroneal nerve damage are
paresis of extensors of foot
hypoesthesia on inner surface of lower leg
all of the above
correct a) and b)
Page 59 of 555
:
232. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy is characterized by the appearance of protein-cell dissociation in the spinal Vuid
from the 1st day of the disease
from the 3rd day of the disease
from the 2-nd week of the disease
from the 3rd week of the disease
additional research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
ophthalmological examination
computed tomography
angiography
234. Symptoms characteristic of acute myelitis:
radicular pain
paresis of lower extremities
conductive disorders of sensitivity
pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal [uid
correct all above
correct a,c,d
Page 60 of 555
:
235. Which form of headache has a throbbing pain of half of the head with nausea?
Migraine
Cluster headache
Post-traumatic headache
236. General cerebral symptoms characteristic of ischemic stroke:
headache
hemiparesis
nausea
transient visual disturbances
rapid development of coma
meningeal symptoms
237. Drugs indicated for the treatment of patients with hemorrhagic stroke:
dibasol, clofellin
analgin
heparin
ascorbic acid
correct a,b,c
correct a,b,d
Page 61 of 555
:
238. A fracture of the skull base in the region of the anterior cranial fossa is characterized by symptoms:
nasorrhea
"late" glasses
psychomotor agitation
peripheral damage to the facial nerve
all above
a,b,c
239. cervical plexus does not include
little occipital nerve
hypoliptic nerve
diaphragmatic nerve
greater auricular nerve
240. Symptoms characteristic of tick-borne encephalitis:
[accid paresis of the upper extremities
"dangling head"
bulbar disorders
strabismus
lymphocytic pleocytosis in the spinal [uid
all above
241. The anterior connecting artery is an anastomosis between the arteries:
carotid and basilar
two anterior cerebral arteries
two vertebral
middle and anterior cerebral
Page 62 of 555
:
242. Constancy of cerebral blood Vow is provided by:
the autoregulatory system of cerebral blood [ow
autonomic nervous system
brain steme
243. Symptoms characteristic of meningitis:
general hyperaesthesia
headache
vomiting
normal composition of the cerebrospinal [uid
stiffness of the occipital muscles
correct a,b,c,e
correct b,c,d
244. Facial nerve damage is characterized by:
ptosis
hypoesthesia of half of face
paresis of facial mimic muscles of half of face
lacrimation
divergent strabismus
diminution of the supraorbital re[ex
Bell's symptom
245. Symptoms characteristic of a hemorrhagic stroke of the hematoma type:
sudden onset
[icker of symptoms
impairment of consciousness
meningeal symptoms
increased BP
Page 63 of 555
:
246. The most informative examination to detect thymoma in myasthenia gravis:
pneumomediastinography
phlebography
MR tomography
247. Absence is different from petit mal:
the nature of the seizure
occurrence at certain hours
EEG characteristic
248. Symptoms characteristic of tuberculous meningitis:
presence of a primary focus in the lungs
acute onset
symptoms of intoxication
prodromal period of 2-3 weeks
neutrophilic pleocytosis in the CSF
lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF with high protein content
Increased content of sugar in the spinal [uid
249. A 35-year-old patient was taken by an ambulance to the neurological department in a soporous state. From the anamnesis:
Acutely fell ill about 6 days ago, when he began to notice an increase in body temperature, general weakness, decreased
appetite, sweating, chills. 3 days ago, severe headaches, photophobia, phonophobia joined in. This morning, relatives noticed a
disturbance of consciousness in the patient. The patient stopped answering questions. Neurologically: soporous
consciousness, stiffness of the occipital muscles, a positive Kernig symptom from both sides. What additional research method
is necessary for the patient to clarify the diagnosis?
Lumbar puncture
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
Page 64 of 555
:
250. The diagnosis of stroke with reversible neurological symptomatology is established if focal cerebral symptomatology
undergoes complete regression no later than
1 week
3 weeks
1 month
3 months
6 months
251. the onset in a haemorrhagic stroke of the haematoma type:
Sudden
increase in symptoms over a period of hours
[icker of symptoms
252. The disease that most often has to be differentiated from multiple sclerosis:
meningitis
multiple encephalomyelitis
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Parkinson's disease
alzheimer's disease
253. Hypothalamic syndrome diagnostic criterion is the presence of
neuroendocrine disorders
neurometabolic disorders
neuromuscular disorders
motivational-behavioral disorders
a), b) and d) are correct..
.all of the above
Page 65 of 555
:
254. The cupping of a migraine attack is effectively achieved:
ergotomine preparations
anticoagulants
non-steroidal anti-in[ammatory drugs.
serotonin receptor agonists
antioxidants
255. Typical complaints of patients with trigeminal neuralgia are
persistent nagging pain affecting half of the face
short paroxysms of intense pain provoked by light touch on the face.
episodes of growing pains in the region of the eye, jaw, teeth, accompanied by intense lacrimation and salivation
long pains in the area of the orbit, the corner of the eye, accompanied by impaired visual acuity
256. Symptoms characteristic of diphtheria polyneuropathy:
bulbar paralysis
accommodation paralysis
meningeal symptoms
pleocytosis in CSF
parasthesias in extremities
Cardiac rhythm disorders
epilepsy
pelvic organ dysfunctions
Amyotrophies with Ubrillations and hyperre[exia
central monoparesis
trophic ulcers
Page 66 of 555
:
258. A 45-year-old woman, while working felt a severe headache and fainted. The emergency team was taken to the
neurological department of the general hospital. In the neurological status: pronounced meningeal and cerebral symptoms,
psychomotor agitation. During a lumbar puncture, blood was found in the cerebrospinal Vuid. Focal neurological symptoms
were not identi[ed. What additional research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
CT scan of the brain,
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
259. Antibiotics in ischemic stroke are prescribed for:
treatment of the underlying disease
prevention of pneumonia
prevention of bedsores
Prevention of uroinfection
260. Tibial nerve impingement syndrome (tarsal canal syndrome) is characterized by
pain in the plantar area
swelling in the area of the external ankle
paresis of [exor toes
correct b) and c)
True a) and c)
261. With damage of the median nerve there is no
impairment of [exion of the 1st, 2nd and partly 3rd Ungers
wrist pronation disorder
weakness of extensor muscles of the middle phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd Ungers
decrease of musculo-articular feeling in the terminal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd Ungers
atrophy of interosseous muscles of the hand.
Page 67 of 555
:
262. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy is characterized by the appearance of protein-cell dissociation in the spinal Vuid
from the 1st day of the disease
from the 3rd day of the disease
From the 2-nd week of the disease
from the 3rd week of the disease
263. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a combined lesion develops:
Anterior horns and pyramidal pathway
posterior horns and posterior columns of the spinal cord
264. Epilepsy is genetically predetermined by:
the brain's readiness for seizures
condition of cell membranes
Neuronal epilepsy
cell energy balance
265. In multiple sclerosis, the lesion of the visual analyzer is manifested as:
retinal angiopathy
retrobulbar neuritis
hemianopsia
congestion of the optic disk
pallor of temporal halves of optic disc
Transient amaurosis
Page 68 of 555
:
266. Symptoms characteristic of parenchymatous hemorrhage:
hemiplegia
rise in BP
gaze paralysis
kernig's symptom
All above
267. Focal symptoms characteristic of posterior cerebral artery thrombosis:
Homonymous hemianopsia
visual agnosia
central hemiparesis
motor aphasia
comatose state
268. Ptosis in Gorner syndrome decreases
repeated eye movements
When looking up
injection of atropine into the eye
injection of mesaton into the eye
with all of the above
269. Serous meningitis can be caused by the following bacteria
pneumococcus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
correct a) and c)
correct b) and c).
Page 69 of 555
:
270. Stages of dyscirculatory encephalopathy are distinguished on the basis of
changes in EEG and EEG indexes
Degree of arterial pressure increase
correct a) and c)
diagnosis is possible in this case?
Multiple sclerosis,
Wilson disease
Meningitis
Epilepsy
Encephalitis
272. Drugs indicated for the treatment of patients with hemorrhagic stroke:
dibasol, clofellin
analgin
heparin
ascorbic acid
correct a,b,c
Correct a,b,d
273. The most effective antibiotic in the treatment of purulent meningitis caused by Pseudomonas bacillus is
benzylpenicillin
clindamycin
erythromycin
Gentamicin
Page 70 of 555
:
274. Multiple sclerosis must be differentiated with:
meningitis
Multiple encephalomyelitis
275. Headache in case of cerebral haemorrhage:
is not characteristic
Sudden sharp
moderate
276. etiological factors of ischemic stroke:
hypertension
atherosclerosis
heart rhythm disorders
systemic vasculitis
blood diseases
All above
277. Willisian circle can provide adequate cerebral blood Vow in thrombosed artery:
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
Internal carotid
external carotid
278. The basic treatment regimen for tuberculous meningitis includes:
isoniazid 15 mg/kg weight per day
rifampicin 600 mg per day
penicillin 12 mln units per day
Streptomycin 1 gram per day
Page 71 of 555
:
279. Main inhibitory neurotransmitters in epilepsy:
GABA
serotonin
glutamate
Noradrenaline
histamine
280. Degerin-Kluempke's palsy is characterized by a sensory disturbance
on external surface of the arm
on the inner surface of the arm
on the external surface of the forearm
on the inner surface of the forearm
correct a) and c),
correct b) and d)
281. To stop a migraine attack, the most effective drugs are
Ergotamine
analgesics
antihistamines
antiserotoninics
anticonvulsants
282. Diagnostic tests for myasthenia gravis:
proserine test
motor stress test
atropine test
Electromyography
Page 72 of 555
:
283. A 35-year-old woman works as a keyboard operator and must type for 6 hours per day. Over the course of a few months
she has developed pain in her wrists (right worse than left), as well as some paresthesias into the lateral palmar aspect of her
hands. There is no atrophy. Conservative treatment for her condition consists of which of the following?
Exploratory surgery
Wrist splints..
Hydrocodone
Shoulder sling e. Nausea
284. The most common cause of unilateral Raynaud's phenomenon is
Upper thoracic aperture syndrome
carpal tunnel syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
spondylogenic cervical myelopathy
subclavian steeplechase syndrome
285. Symptoms characteristic of a hemorrhagic stroke of the hematoma type:
sudden onset
[icker of symptoms
impairment of consciousness
meningeal symptoms
Increased BP
286. Impairment of the femoral nerve is characteristic for a lesion of the femoral nerve:
[exion of the tibia
extension of the lower leg,
plantar extension of the foot
dorsi[exion of foot
Achilles re[ex
Page 73 of 555
:
287. An elderly patient suffers from a relatively mild head trauma but then subsequently develops a progressive dementia over
the course of several weeks. He is most likely to have sustained which of the following?
An acute subdural hematoma
An acute epidural hematoma
A chronic subdural hematoma,
An intracerebral hematoma
An intracerebellar hematoma
288. Secondary purulent meningitis can develop due to:
penetrating wound of the skull
purulent otitis media
Purulent sinusitis
meningococcemia
bronchiectasis
289. Focal symptoms characteristic of right middle cerebral artery thrombosis:
sensory aphasia
Left-sided hemianopsia
vomiting
290. Medication-induced headache occurs due to the abuse of:
ergotomine drugs
antibiotics
analgesics.
group "B" vitamins
antioxidants
Page 74 of 555
:
291. Histocompatibility complex antigens occur in multiple sclerosis
А1
В5
В7,
А3
DR1
292. Clinical signs of femoral external cutaneous nerve neuropathy are
decreased knee re[ex
ypoesthesia on the external anterior surface of the thigh
hypoesthesia on the external posterior surface of the thigh
Correct a) and b)
correct a) and c)
293. Tension headache is characterized by pain:
a pressing .
pulsating with loss of Ueld of vision
unilateral "hemicrania
shooting with irradiation along the branches of the trigeminal nerve
nocturnal, combined with congestive optic disc
294. A 55-year-old man has a steep decline in his cognitive abilities over a 3-month period. Initial testing is nondiagnostic. He
continues to progress and develops myoclonus and a left hemiparesis.Eventually, he dies of an aspiration about 8 months after
the onset of symptoms. In the diseases that cause dementia, myoclonus is usually most evident in which of the following?
Alzheimer disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Parkinson disease
Huntington disease
Pick disease
Page 75 of 555
:
295. The most effective method of pathogenetic therapy for trigeminal neuralgia is to prescribe
analgesics
antispasmodics
Anticonvulsants
all of the above
none of the above
296. A 19-year-old man is involved in a street [ght in which he is viciously attacked with a lead pipe. A particularly forceful blow
hits his left elbow. Blunt trauma to the elbow may lead to the development of which of the following?
Wristdrop
Weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis
Clawhand or benediction sign (impaired extension of digits 4 and 5)..
Ulnar deviation of the hand
Poor pronation of the forearm
297. Compression neuropathy of the median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome) is characterized by
weakness of I, Ungers
atrophy of the thumb eminence muscle
increase of pain in the hand when bending it
correct b) and c)..
true a) and c)
298. A 78-year-old woman is referred to a neurologist for evaluation of a tremor. She says that it is not very bothersome to her,
but others have noticed it. It primarily involves the right hand and apparently has been slowly worsening over the past 12-to-18
months. Examination reveals a resting tremor of the right upper extremity, accompanied by mild rigidity and slowness of rapid
alternating movements. Which of the following medications is the best choice to treat the symptoms of this disease?
Alteplase
Carbidopa-levodopa.
Glatiramer
Interferon β-1A
Sertraline
Page 76 of 555
:
299. Facial nerve damage is characterized by:
ptosis
hypoesthesia of half of face
paresis of facial mimic muscles of half of face
lacrimation
divergent strabismus
diminution of the supraorbital re[ex
Bell's symptom,
additional research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
ophthalmological examination
computed tomography
angiography
301. Neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve is characterized by:
attacks of acute pain in the face
peripheral paresis of facial muscles
presence of trigger zones on the face
decrease in taste in the posterior third of the tongue
Pain control with Unglepsin
Page 77 of 555
:
302. Bundle (cluster) headache
more frequent in men
more often in women
attacks usually occur at night
attacks usually occur in the daytime
True a) and c)
Correct b) and d)
X-ray of the spine
Spondylography
Rheoencephalography
Lumbar punction,
Blood test
304. General cerebral symptoms characteristic of ischemic stroke:
Headache
hemiparesis
nausea
transient visual disturbances
rapid development of coma
meningeal symptoms
305. Type of inheritance in epilepsy:
autosomal dominant
autosomal recurrent
Polygenic
Page 78 of 555
:
306. In myasthenic crisis it is necessary to:
administer respiratory analeptics
Administer proserine v/v
administer oxazyl per os
307. Weakness of radial nerve in upper third of upper arm is not characteristic of
extensors of forearm
extensors of wrist
muscles that extends the 1st toe
deltoid muscle.
308. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy is characterized by
Damage of cranial nerves
marked pelvic disorders
persistent bilateral pyramidal symptoms
all of the above
correct b) and c)
309. A 35-year-old patient was taken by an ambulance to the neurological department in a soporous state. From the anamnesis:
Acutely fell ill about 6 days ago, when he began to notice an increase in body temperature, general weakness, decreased
appetite, sweating, chills. 3 days ago, severe headaches, photophobia, phonophobia joined in. This morning, relatives noticed a
disturbance of consciousness in the patient. The patient stopped answering questions. Neurologically: soporous
consciousness, stiffness of the occipital muscles, a positive Kernig symptom from both sides. What additional research method
is necessary for the patient to clarify the diagnosis?
Lumbar puncture,
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
Page 79 of 555
:
310. The diagnosis of transient cerebral circulatory disorder is made if the focal cerebral symptoms undergo complete
regression no later than
1 day,
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
1 month
311. A symptom characteristic of the bulbar form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
impairment of sensitivity
amblyopia
Dysarthria and dysphagia
atrophy of lower limbs
312. The pressure in the large vessels of the large cerebral arterial circle is:
higher in the carotid system
higher in vertebral-basilar system
Equal
313. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by lesions of:
sensory spinal ganglia
cerebellum
olfactory tract
pyramidal pathway
Optic nerve
anterior horns of the spinal cord
Page 80 of 555
:
314. Brain contusion is characterized by symptoms:
short-term disturbance of consciousness /3-5 minutes/
focal symptoms of brain damage
meningeal symptoms
cranial bone fractures on craniograms
b,c,d....
a,b,d
315. femoral nerve neuropathy is characterized by
Weakness of the quadriceps femoris muscle
all of the above
correct b) and c)
316. The most effective treatment for chronic paroxysmal hemikranias is
aspirin
Indomethacin
ergotamine
anapriline
reserpine
317. To control the status epilepticus, use:
Seduxen
respiratory analeptics
ganglioblockers
Page 81 of 555
:
318. The diagnosis of stroke with reversible neurological symptomatology is established if focal cerebral symptomatology
undergoes complete regression no later than
1 week
3 weeks.
1 month
3 months
6 months
319. Alcoholic polyneuropathy is characterized by
predominant involvement of the lower extremities
predominant involvement of the upper extremities
pain in ankles and feet
pain in forearms and wrists
correct a) and c)..
true b) and d)
320. The cervicothoracic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis begins with:
weakness in the distal arms
epilepsy
dysfunction of pelvic organs
muscle atrophy in the arms
Fascioculations
visual disturbances
321. cervical plexus does not include
little occipital nerve
Hypoliptic nerve
diaphragmatic nerve
greater auricular nerve
Page 82 of 555
:
322. Vegetative crises are often accompanied by the following psychopathological manifestations
anxiety of anticipation
agoraphobia
restrictive behavior
all of the above manifestations.
correct a) and c)
correct a) and b)
323. The duration of an attack is longer with the following form of migraine
classical (ophthalmic)
associated
Simple
retinal
no difference in duration of an attack
324. Focal symptoms characteristic of vertebral artery thrombosis:
cerebellar ataxia
Nystagmus
headache
meningeal symptoms
325. A 17-year-old right-handed boy has had infectious meningitis eight times over the past 3 years. He has otherwise been
generally healthy and developed normally. Recurrent meningitis often develops in persons with which of the following?
Otitis media..
Epilepsy
trauma
Page 83 of 555
:
326. Symptoms characteristic of acute myelitis:
radicular pain
paresis of lower extremities
pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal [uid
Correct all above
correct a,c,d
327. Migraine status is not characterized by
a series of severe, consecutive attacks
repeated repeated vomiting
Tonic-clonic convulsions
increase in intracranial pressure
signs of irritation of brain membranes
328. Tactics for managing patients with hemorrhagic stroke in the recovery period:
extension of bed rest in 2 weeks.
administration of nootropic drugs
prescription of anticoagulants
Massage of paralyzed limbs
329. Peripheral (segmental) autonomic nervous system disorders manifest themselves by the following syndromes
peripheral autonomic insumciency
angiotrophalgic syndromes
neurogenic tetany
cluster headache
Correct a) and b)
all of the above
Page 84 of 555
:
330. In multiple sclerosis, the system most commonly affected is:
sensory
Pyramidal and cerebellar
strio-nigral
331. Causalgic pain syndrome is most commonly associated with nerve damage
median nerve
ulnar
tibial
peroneal
Correct a) and b)
correct a) and c)
332. multiple sclerosis is more common at the age of:
10 -14 years old
18 - 30 years of age...
40 - 55 years old
333. The age of most frequent development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
20 - 30 years of age
15 - 20 years old
50 - 70 years old...
30 - 40 years old
7 - 15 years old
334. The causative agents of primary serous meningitis include:
coxsackievirus
poliomyelitis virus
Enterovirus ESNO
streptococcus
Page 85 of 555
:
335. Infectious complications of open craniocerebral trauma:
meningitis
brain abscess
osteomyelitis
a,b,c...
Electroneuromyography,
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
337. Hemorrhage in the brain develops as a result of:
vessel rupture
thrombosis
diapedesis
Correct a,c
338. Classic trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by
permanent pain syndrome
hypalgesia on face in the area of innervation of II and III branches of the nerve
trigger zones on the face
psychomotor agitation during the attack
correct b) and c)..
Page 86 of 555
:
339. Abusive headache develops as a result of:
acute impairment of cerebral circulation
primary brain tumor
abuse of analgesics.
alcohol abuse
craniocerebral trauma
340. Diphtheria polyneuropathy is not characterized by
bulbar disorders
Pelvic disorders
deep sensitivity disorders
accommodation disorders
sensory ataxia
341. The vertebrobasilar and carotid cerebral blood Vow systems anastomose through the artery:
anterior connecting artery
Posterior connective
ophthalmic
cerebral sheath
342. Concussion is characterized by symptoms:
prolonged disturbance of consciousness / more than 30 minutes /
headache
Nausea, vomiting
meningeal symptoms
343. Constancy of cerebral blood Vow is provided by:
The autoregulatory system of cerebral blood [ow
autonomic nervous system
brain steme
Page 87 of 555
:
344. Symptom characteristic of bulbar form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
impairment of sensitivity
amblyopia
Dysarthria and dysphagia
atrophy of the lower extremities
345. Anatomical structures affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
anterior horns and pyramidal pathways.
posterior horns and posterior columns of the spinal cord
peripheral nerves of the extremities
epilepsy
pelvic organ dysfunctions
Amyotrophies with Ubrillations and hyperre[exia
oculomotor disorders
trophic ulcers
347. Compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve (ulnar joint impingement syndrome) is characterized by
weakness of II, III Ungers of the hand
atrophy of the muscle of the little Unger eminence
pain on the ulnar surface of the hand
all of the above
correct b) and c)..
Page 88 of 555
:
348. The anterior connecting artery is an anastomosis between the arteries:
carotid and basilar
Two anterior cerebral arteries
two vertebral
middle and anterior cerebral
349. Diabetic polyneuropathy develops as a result of
peripheral nerve vascular lesions
glucose metabolism disorders
toxic damage of peripheral nerves myelin
all of the above
Correct a) and b)
350. To improve the rheological properties of blood in ischemic stroke it is advisable to use:
reopolyglucin
euUllin
trental
aspirin
Correct a,b,c,d
correct c,d
351. Tibial nerve neuropathy is characterized by
impairment of sensitivity on anterior surface of the tibia
paresis of [exors of foot
all of the above
correct a) and c)..
Page 89 of 555
:
352. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the system is affected:
autonomic
Motor
sensory
353. Echoencephalogram in case of cerebral parenchymal haemorrhage /hematoma type/:
M-Echo without displacement
M-Echo displacement greater than 3 mm,
M-EChO displacement more than 14 mm
354. A 22-year-old woman reports a scotoma progressing across her left visual [eld over the course of 30 minutes, followed by
left hemicranial throbbing pain, nausea, and photophobia. Her brother and mother have similar headaches. Which of the
following is present in this patient’s condition but not in common migraine?
Photophobia
Familial pattern
Visual aura.
Hemicranial pain
355. Symptoms characteristic of mosquito encephalitis:
peripheral paralysis of the upper extremities
epileptic seizures
sharp headache, vomiting
increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees
meningeal symptoms
All above
Page 90 of 555
:
356. Pathognomonic sign of hypothalamic syndrome are
vegetative crises
thermoregulatory disorders
motivational-behavioral disorders
abnormalities of activation on EEG
polyglandular insumciency
All of the above are incorrect
357. Clinical signs of peroneal nerve damage are
paresis of extensors of foot
hypoesthesia on inner surface of lower leg
Loss of Achilles re[ex
all of the above
correct a) and b)
358. Polyneuropathy syndrome is manifested by
weakness of proximal limbs
sensitivity disturbance in distal limbs
vegetative disorders in hands and feet
correct a) and b)
correct b) and c)..
359. half-head pain is characteristic of:
tension headache
Migraine,
abusive headache
hypertension headache
Page 91 of 555
:
360. For the treatment of multiple sclerosis with the greatest effect are used:
antibiotics
corticosteroids
plasmapheresis
calcium channel blockers
iron preparations
B-ferron
361. The drugs of choice for controlling cerebral edema in ischemic stroke:
steroid hormones
glycerin
furosemide
All above
362. The presence of Parkinsonism suggests damage to the following:
caudate nucleus
Black substance
cerebellar
frontal lobe
363. The cervical plexus is composed of the spinal cord roots:
C1-C8
C3-C8
C1-C4,
C1-Th2
Page 92 of 555
:
364. Sciatic nerve neuropathy is characterized by
Loss of Achilles re[ex
loss of knee re[ex
all of the above
correct a) and b)
Constricted
dilate
366. The most common cause of hypothalamic syndrome at the age of 25-50 years is
cerebral hemorrhages
traumas
tumors
in[ammatory diseases of CNS
Geier-Wernicke encephalopathy
none of the above
367. Autonomic crises have to be differentiated with the following conditions
temporal lobe epilepsy
pheochromocytoma
hypoglycemia
neurogenic hyperventilation
a), b) and c) are correct..
all of the above
Page 93 of 555
:
368. A syndrome characteristic of multiple sclerosis:
Retrobulbar neuritis
panic attack
Kozhevnikov's epilepsy
Jacksonian epilepsy
369. A 65-year-old patient was taken to the department of emergency neurology with complaints of severe headaches, nausea,
repeated vomiting. From anamnesis: The disease began 3 hours ago, when the above complaints developed acutely against the
background of physical exertion. In neurological status there are positive meningeal symptoms in the form of rigidity of the
neck muscles and Kernig's symptom. Which research method is the most informative?
MRI of the brain
CT scan of the brain,
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
370. Ischemic nonembolic stroke is characterized by the onset of:
acute
gradual /a few hours/.
in the morning hours after sleep
after psycho-emotional tension
After taking a hot bath
371. Drugs used to treat generalized tonic-clonic seizures:
neuroleptics
nootropics
Valproates
hepatoprotectors
Page 94 of 555
:
372. A 25-year-old woman complained of bouts of intense throbbing pain, usually in the left half of the head. The patient
noticed that quite often the attack occurred after drinking red wine, coffee, chocolate. The attack is preceded by visual
impairment in the form of loss of the right halves of the visual [eld. Headache is accompanied by nausea, sometimes vomiting.
The patient was previously diagnosed with migraine by a family doctor. Drugs from which pharmacological group should be
prescribed for the relief of headaches?
Anticoagulants
Anticonvulsants
Nonsteroidal anti-in[ammatory.
Tranquilizers
Nootropic
373. When BP rises, cerebral vessels:
constrict,
dilate
374. A 23-year-old patient turned to a neuropathologist at the polyclinic with complaints of a twisted face to the right, pouring
food out of the left corner of the mouth, inability to close the left eye. On the eve of the disease, hypothermia took place. What
additional research is optimal to exclude intracranial pathology?
MRI of the brain,
Echoencephaloscopy
Rheoencephalography
Page 95 of 555
:
375. A 35-year-old woman was hospitalized in the neurology department with complaints of headaches, bouts of loss of
right-sided central hemiparesis, insuFciency of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves by central type on the right. Which research
method is the most informative in this patient to determine the nature of convulsive seizures?
Electroencephalography,
Rheoencephalography
Echoencephalography
Ultrasound Dopplerography
376. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis more often develops at the age of:
20 - 30 years old
15 - 20 years old
50 - 70 years old...
30 - 40 years old
377. Syndrome characteristic of multiple sclerosis:
sympathoadrenal crisis
kozhevnikov's epilepsy
jacksonian epilepsy
378. The most informative examination to detect thymoma in myasthenia gravis:
pneumomediastinography
phlebography
MR tomography
Page 96 of 555
:
379. A patient undergoes ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus. He is discharged 2days later, his gait and
cognition much improved. The following morning, his wife [nds him lying in bed, very confused and complaining of a headache.
He is unable to walk. The surgeon who performed the procedure is concerned that these new symptoms are owing to which of
the following?
Chemical meningitis.
Subdural hematoma
Epidural hematoma
Seizures
Bacterial ventriculitis
380. Symptoms characteristic of the chronic stage of epidemic encephalitis:
limb paralysis
hypokinesia
headache
muscle rigidity
Static tremor
bilateral ptosis
epileptic seizures
381. Hemorrhagic strokes include:
thrombotic strokes
parenchymatous hemorrhages
subrenal hemorrhages
ventricular hemorrhages
embolic strokes
combined forms of hemorrhages
Correct 2,3,4,6
Page 97 of 555
:
382. The brachial plexus is composed of the spinal cord roots:
C3-C8
C5-Th2,
C7-TH2
C7-Th4
C5-C8
383. Clinical signs of myasthenia gravis:
general malaise
muscle weakness
change in pulse rate
diplopia
Increase in symptoms during the day
appearance of symptoms in the early morning hours
384. Changes in the cerebrospinal Vuid characteristic of ischemic stroke:
lymphocytic pleocytosis
number of lymphocytes - 1-5 per 1µl
opalescence
Amount of protein - 0.2-0.4 g/l
385. Symptoms characteristic of tuberculous meningitis:
presence of a primary focus in the lungs
acute onset
symptoms of intoxication
Prodromal period of 2-3 weeks
neutrophilic pleocytosis in the CSF
lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF with high protein content
Page 98 of 555
:
386. Involuntary twitching of the left hand with rapid spread to the whole arm and then to the whole left side of the torso. Type
of seizure is.
generalized tonic-clonic
absences
Jacksonian
partial
myoclonic
387. Migraine is classi[ed as:
primary headache.
secondary headache
complex regional pain syndrome
neuralgic pain
causalgia
388. Name which disease is characterized by bradykinesia, shuoing gait, slow speech, greasy and amymic face?
Neurosyphilis
parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Neurobrucellosis
389. Aura of classical (ophthalmic) migraine is characterized by
divergent strabismus.
strabismus
ptosis
nystagmus
Page 99 of 555
:
390. Radial nerve damage in the middle third of the shoulder is characterized by
paralysis of forearm extensors
loss of re[ex from triceps muscle
correct a,b..
correct a,c
391. Which form of headache has a throbbing pain of half of the head with nausea?
Migraine,
Cluster headache
392. Focal symptoms characteristic of anterior cerebral artery thrombosis:
visual disturbances
central paresis of the leg
central paresis of the arm
Mental disturbances
meningeal symptoms
393. A factor determining nerve damage in diphtheria polyneuropathy is
infectious
toxic.
vascular
metabolic
all of the above
Page 100 of 555
:
394. Pain on the posterolateral surface of the hip is characteristic of the lesion of the
L2
L4
L5
S1,
395. The classi[cation of polyneuropathies is based on the following principle
etiology of the disease.
peculiarities of disease course
peculiarities of clinical picture
correct b) and c)
396. The villous circle includes the arteries:
anterior cerebral
anterior connective
ophthalmic
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
Posterior connective
superior cerebellar
Page 101 of 555
:
397. A 35-year-old woman was hospitalized in the Department of neurology with complaints of headaches, bouts of loss of
right-sided central hemiparesis, insuFciency of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves by central type on the right. What diagnosis is
possible in this case?
Syringomyelia
Encephalitis.
Arachnoiditis
Meningitis
Myasthenia gravis
398. The main inhibitory neurotransmitters in epilepsy:
GABA.
serotonin
glutamate
noradrenaline
399. Capillary network density in the brain is proportional to:
number of nerve cells
surface area of nerve cells
Intensity of nerve cell function
400. etiological factors of cerebral hemorrhage:
hypertension
arterio-venous malformations
systemic vasculitis
blood diseases
secondary renal hypertension
All above
Page 102 of 555
:
401. Consciousness in ischaemic stroke is more common:
coma
somnolence
Not impaired
402. Meningeal symptoms in cerebral haemorrhage occur:
Almost always
rarely
do not occur
403. With magnetic resonance imaging, the focus of an ischemic brain stroke is detected from the onset of the disease
in 1 hour
after 3 h.
after 6 h
by the end of the Urst day
404. Factors contributing to the occurrence of tension headaches:
anxiety-depressive disorders
strenuous physical work
prolonged forced position of head and neck.
colds
alcohol use
405. Cerebral blood Vow in a healthy person does not depend on general haemodynamics during
[uctuations between
100 - 200 mmHg
60 - 200 mmHg,
60 - 250 mmHg
Page 103 of 555
:
406. Absence is different from petit mal:
EEG characteristic....
407. A fracture of the skull base in the region of the anterior cranial fossa is characterized by
mptoms
nasorrhea
"late" glasses
psychomotor agitation
peripheral damage to the facial nerve
all above
a,b,c.....
408. Migraine attacks:
appear at a young age
often accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting
last no more than 45 minutes
are provoked by a number of foods.
more often occur in men
409. In blood tests in haemorrhagic stroke:
normal
leucopenia
leucocytosis,
Page 104 of 555
:
410. Spinal ganglion lesions are characterized by:
radicular pain
herpetic rash /herpes zoster/.
dissociated type of sensitivity disorder
Disorder of all types of sensitivity in the corresponding
411. A 37-year-old alcoholic man awakes with clumsiness of his right hand. Neurologic examination reveals poor extension of
the hand at the wrist. He most likely has injured which one of the following nerves?
Median nerve
Brachioradialis nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve.
Ulnar nerve
412. The attacks of "menstrual" migraine associated with the monthly cycle are more frequent
during the week preceding menstruation
during the Urst days of menstruation.
the last days of menstruation
immediately after the end of menstruation
during any of these periods
413. The most common picture of the ocular fundus in ischaemic stroke:
normal
retinal haemorrhages
Retinal angiosclerosis
congestion of optic disc
Page 105 of 555
:
414. Symptoms characteristic of the acute stage of epidemic encephalitis:
paresis of accommodation, diplopia
Pathological somnolence
vegetative disorders /hypersalivation, hyperhidrosis, hiccups/.
reverse Argyle-Robertson syndrome
415. Impairment of ulnar nerve at carpal level is not characteristic of
weakness of extension and adduction of the Ufth Unger
impaired adduction of the thumb
hypoesthesia on the dorsum of the Ufth Unger.
presence of paresthesia on the inner surface of the hand
416. Compression of the brain by a traumatic intracranial hematoma
characterized by symptoms:
presence of a "light gap"
displacement of the M-Echo in the ECHO-EG
bradycardia
All above
417. Symptoms characteristic of polyneuropathy:
hemiparesis
pain along the nerves
peripheral paresis of hands, feet
muscle hypertonia
decreased sensitivity in distal parts of limbs
Vegetative disorders in distal parts of extremities
Page 106 of 555
:
418. Medicinal polyneuropathies are more often caused by
cytostatics
hypotensive drugs
antituberculosis drugs
correct a) and c)..
true a) and b)
419. Liquor in haemorrhagic stroke:
Bloody
opalescent
colourless
420. The analytic system that is most severely affected in patients with multiple sclerosis:
general sensitivity
pyramidal.
strio-nigral
olfactory
gustatory
421. Multiple sclerosis is a CNS disease:
vascular
hereditary
Demyelinating
422. Acromegaly syndrome is the result of hyperproduction in the pituitary gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone
gonadotropic hormone
Somatotropic hormone
thyroid hormone
prolactin
Page 107 of 555
:
423. Cerebral haemorrhage usually develops:
in the morning after sleeping
In the daytime during activity
Narrow
expand
425. Blood in large cerebral vessels under physiological conditions:
mixes in the basilar system
mixed in the carotid system
Does not mix
426. Myasthenia gravis is affected by:
anterior horn cells;
neuromuscular synapses...
sensory ganglia;
borderline sympathetic trunk;
427. Absansions can be differentiated from other types of epileptic seizures on the basis of:
EEG characteristics
appearance of focal symptoms
neutrophilic pleiocytosis
Page 108 of 555
:
428. The brachial plexus does not include
subclavian nerve
Sublumbar nerve
ulnar nerve
correct a) and c),
429. Symptoms characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
. sudden headache
hemiparesis
gradual increase in symptoms
Meningeal symptoms
430. Tactics for managing patients with hemorrhagic stroke in the acute period:
elevated head position
lowered position of the head
ensuring airway patency
control of cerebral edema
control of pulmonary edema
preventing pneumonia
normalization of BP
All above
431. The child had intermittent absenteeism. During brief absences, did not respond to his name. There were no falls or
seizures. type of seizure
generalized tonic-clonic
Absences
complex partial
myoclonic
Page 109 of 555
:
432. Symptoms characteristic of the ocular form of myasthenia gravis:
lagophthalmus
chewing disorder
ptosis
diplopia
dysphagia
Strabismus
433. The most informative diagnostic methods of examination in ischemic
roke:
angiography of cerebral vessels
lumbar puncture
Computed tomography
ventriculography
434. Distinguishing features of cerebral obesity from idiopathic (exogenous-constitutional) obesity are
android nature of fatty tissue distribution
gynoid nature of fatty tissue distribution
menstrual irregularities and hypogonadism
hyperphagic reaction to stress
All of the above
Page 110 of 555
:
435. The most common cause of hypothalamic syndrome at the age of 10-25 is
neuroses
traumas
Tumors
meningitides
encephalitis
cerebral hemorrhages
436. The cause of trigeminal neuralgia is
Diseases of the paranasal sinuses
nerve root compression by tortuous vessels at the base of the brain
compression of the nerve branches in the suborbital and mandibular canals
all of the above
437. Tension headache is characterized by:
bilateral localization
localization to one side
duration over several days.
duration over several minutes
moderate intensity
438. The syndrome of peroneal nerve entrapment in the area of the fossa of the hamstring is characterized by
weakness of plantar [exors of the foot
hypotrophy of the peroneal muscle groups
hypalgesia of the external surface of the lower leg
correct a) and b)
correct b) and c)..
Page 111 of 555
:
439. When oxygen content in arterial blood decreases, cerebral vessels:
constrict
Dilate
440. Focal symptoms characteristic of basilar artery thrombosis:
cranial nerve involvement
Tetraparesis
disorder of consciousness
vomiting
441. The lesion of the sciatic nerve is characterized by:
absence of Achilles re[ex,
absence of knee re[ex
positive Wasserman's symptom
442. A 26-year-old graduate student presents to the emergency room with a severe left-sidedt hrobbing headache associated
with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. She has tried taking ibuprofen without relief. On further questioning, she relates that
she has been having similar headaches three to four times per month for the past year. Her mother had a similar problem. Her
examination is normal. Immediate therapy for this patient’s present headache might include which of the following drugs?
Sumatriptan.
Nitroglycerine
Verapamil
Amitriptyline hydrochloride
Phenobarbital
Page 112 of 555
:
443. Autonomic crises, unlike pheochromocytoma, are less characteristic of
considerable increase in arterial pressure..
excessive sweating
considerable anxiety
palpitations
all of the above
none of the above
444. The presence of "trigger zones" is characteristic of:
tension headache
migraine
bundle headache
trigeminal neuralgia.
abusive headache
445. Symptoms characteristic of tick-borne encephalitis:
[accid paresis of the upper extremities
"dangling head"
bulbar disorders
strabismus
lymphocytic pleocytosis in the spinal [uid
All above
Page 113 of 555
:
446. Symptoms characteristic of meningitis:
general hyperaesthesia
headache
vomiting
normal composition of the cerebrospinal [uid
stiffness of the occipital muscles
correct a,b,c,e......
correct b,c,d
447. The skin of a patient with cerebral haemorrhage is more often:
pale
colourless
Hyperemic
448. A 37-year-old man, after diving, notes headache, joint pain, numbness, tingling in the extremities, dizziness, bubbles
formed on the skin, by profession a diver, experience of 8 years. First aid in this situation?
Oxygen therapy.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Vibratory back massage
Induce vomiting
449. The diagnosis of transient cerebrovascular accident is established if the focal symptoms undergo complete regression no
later than:
1 day;
1 week;
2 weeks;
1 month
Page 114 of 555
:
450. Transient disorders of cerebral circulation include
transient ischemic attacks
hemorrhagic stroke
minor stroke
ischemic stroke
451. The differential diagnosis of bacterial purulent meningitis and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is based primarily
on
the presence of meningeal syndrome
increased pressure of cerebrospinal [uid
the nature of changes in cerebrospinal [uid
echo encephaloscopy
rate of development of symptoms
452. What changes in cerebrospinal Vuid are not typical for meningococcal meningitis?
Cell-protein dissociation
Protein-cell dissociation
Increasing pressure
Neutrophilic pleocytosis
acyclovir
453. For tuberculous meningitis, everything is characteristic except:
Lymphocytic pleocytosis
Increase in protein
Decreased glucose
Decrease in chlorine
Increased glucose
Page 115 of 555
:
454. Sciatic nerve neuropathy is characterized by:
Wasserman's symptom;
loss of the Achilles re[ex;
loss of the knee re[ex;
all of the above;
true a) and b
455. In the cerebrospinal Vuid: protein 2.5 g / l, cytosis 1000, lymphocytes - 30%, neutrophils - 70% are characteristic for:
meningism
serous meningitis
purulent meningitis
normal performance
456. Tick-borne encephalitis
has an autumn seasonality
has an autumn-winter seasonality
has summer seasonality
has a spring-summer seasonality
has no seasonality
457. The most characteristic of the acute stage of epidemic encephalitis is the syndrome
hyperkinetic
hypersomnic-ophthalmoplegic
convulsive
comatose
Page 116 of 555
:
458. Polyneuropathy is:
multiple symmetric peripheral nerve damage
multiple lesions of the roots of the spinal cord
damage to peripheral nerves by two or more infectious agents
damage to half of the spinal cord
459. In case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is mandatory
bloody liquor
mid-echo offset
contralateral hemiparesis
all answers are correct
460. When defending the cerebrospinal Vuid of a patient with tuberculous meningitis in 12-24 hours, it is possible to detect
opalescence
xanthochromia
Ubrin Ulm
yellow precipitation
CSF does not change
461. 47-year-old man worked near an open window. After 12 hours noted the appearance of a skewed face to the left, food
stuck between the right cheek and gums. Objectively: face asymmetry, skin folds on the right smoothed, the mouth is pulled to
the left, the corner of the mouth is lowered on the right and the nasolabial fold is smoothed, the right eye is wider than the left, it
is watery and does not close, the right the cheek is sailing. There is no other pathology. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Facial myositis
Facial hemispasm
Tumor of the cerebellopontine angle
Facial nerve neuropathy
Page 117 of 555
:
462. In case of trigeminal neuralgia, which drug should be chosen for the relief of an attack?
Analgin
Carbamazepine
Vitamin B12
Sulfademitoxin
Tempalgin
463. In the development of insuFcient blood supply to the brain in atherosclerosis, all of the above factors play a role, except
stenosis of the great vessels in the neck
decrease in perfusion pressure
decrease in the elasticity of red blood cells
decrease in the activity of the coagulation system
464. A signi[cant decrease in the level of sugar in the cerebrospinal Vuid is characteristic of meningitis.
in[uenza
pneumococcal
mumps
tuberculous
syphilitic
465. Focal symptoms characteristic of thrombosis of the right middle cerebral artery:
sensory aphasia
vomit
Page 118 of 555
:
466. The sciatic nerve is made up of the [bers of the roots
S1-S2
L4-S3
S2-S3
L5-S5
L3- L5
467. The main signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage are all except
cerebral symptoms
protein-cell dissociation
meningeal symptoms
blood in the cerebrospinal [uid
there is no right answer
468. Serous meningitis can be caused by the following pathogens with the exception of
enteroviruses
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
pneumococcus
mycobacterium tuberculosis
pale treponema
469. Chorea minor is possible:
with tick-borne encephalitis
with rheumatism in children
with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
with post-vaccination encephalitis
with parkinsonism
Page 119 of 555
:
470. In case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, do not use
analgesics
antiUbrinolytics
Ubrinolytics
antihypertensive drugs
471. In the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke plays a role
rupture of a cerebral vessel
cerebral occlusion
changes in the composition of blood electrolytes
increased permeability of the vascular wall
all of the above
472. For neuropathy of the facial nerve, it is typical
ptosis
hypesthesia of half of the face
paresis of facial muscles of half of the face
exotropia
chewing disorder
473. In the cerebrospinal Vuid: protein 1.2 g / l, cytosis 150, lymphocytes - 70%, neutrophils - 30%, leached erythrocytes are
characteristic for:
meningism
serous meningitis
purulent meningitis
Page 120 of 555
:
474. Which of the additional research methods are not used for diagnostics of vascular diseases of the brain:
Echoencephaloscopy
Computed tomography
Doppler ultrasound
Cerebral angiography
475. Which of the signs is characteristic of ischemic stroke?
gradual ("[ickering") onset of symptoms;
the predominance of focal symptoms over cerebral ones;
a decrease in blood [ow through one of the arteries of the brain according to transcranial Doppler sonography;
violation of the heart rhythm.
All answers are correct
476. Lumbar puncture is performed between the spinous processes of the vertebrae:
L1 - L2;
L2 - L3;
L3 - L4;
Th1-L1;
all answers are correct.
477. Stages of discirculatory encephalopathy are distinguished on the basis, except
changes in EEG and REG indicators
the degree of increase in blood pressure
severity of neurological and mental defect
Page 121 of 555
:
478. With trigeminal neuralgia, patients complain
to constant aching pains that seize half of the face
for short paroxysms of intense pain for 1-2 minutes, provoked by a light touch on the face
for attacks of increasing intensity of pain in the area of the eye, jaw, teeth, accompanied by increased tear and salivation
for prolonged pain in the orbit, corner of the eye, accompanied by impaired visual acuity
479. Specify the studies to con[rm the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
CT;
EEG;
coagulogram;
study of cerebrospinal [uid;
true a) and d)
480. Clinical symptom of lumbosacral radiculitis
neck stiffness
Lasegue symptom
Horner's symptom
Brudzinsky symptom
all listed
481. Lassegh's symptom is characteristic for:
lumbosacral sciatica.
intercostal neuralgia.
cervicobrachial sciatica.
hemorrhagic stroke.
spinal cord intramedullary tumor
Page 122 of 555
:
482. A patient with hemorrhagic stroke is shown an urgent consultation:
vascular surgeon;
neurosurgeon;
cardiologist;
rehabilitologist;
483. The meningeal syndrome does not include:
Wasserman symptom
Lesage symptom
Stiff neck
Kernig's symptom
epsilon aminocaproic acid.
484. Encephalitis is characterized by a combination of the following symptoms, except:
general infectious
neurotic
cerebral
focal
in[ammatory changes in the cerebrospinal [uid
485. Mark the most characteristic signs of facial nerve neuritis:
sharp shooting pain;
lagophthalmos, paralysis of facial muscles;
amaurosis;
hearing loss;
analgesia of half of the face.
Page 123 of 555
:
486. Duration of the "therapeutic window" in ischemic stroke
12 hours
24 hours
5-10 hours
3-6 hours
487. Acute cerebro-vascular disease (stroke) include:
cerebral vascular crisis
hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic stroke
transient cerebrovascular accident
all listed
488. Lagophthalmos, Vattening of the frontal and nasolabial folds on the affected side, distortion of the mouth to the healthy
side are characteristic of
brain tumors
encephalitis
neuritis of the facial nerve
acute cerebrovascular accident
trigeminal neuralgia
489. The form of primary damage to the nervous system in the presence of HIV infection includes:
AIDS dementia
Angioma
Kaposi's sarcoma
Brain lymphoma
Toxoplasmosis of the brain
Page 124 of 555
:
490. The aura is characteristic of
hemorrhagic stroke
meningitis
encephalitis
epilepsy
all of the above
491. The presence of tetraparesis, more severely expressed in the legs, a moderate delay in psychoverbal development are
characteristic of the form of cerebral palsy:
double hemiplegia
spastic diplegia
hemiplegic
hyperkinetic atonic-astatic
492. What disease occurs with Argyll Robertson Syndrome?
with multiple sclerosis
with Parino syndrome
with neurosyphilis
with Alzheimer's disease
1. caudate nucleus
2. black substance
3. cerebellar
4. frontal lobe
Page 125 of 555
:
494. In the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, degeneration occurs:
caudate nucleus
substantia nigra
cerebellum
cortico-spinal tract
495. Obesity of the trunk, neck and face, hypofunction of the gonads and changes in secondary sexual characteristics, changes
in the type of hair growth, decalci[cation of bones, arterial hypertension, vasomotor and trophic skin disorders are:
tumor of the frontal lobe.
Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome.
Raynaud's disease.
Itsengo-Cushing's syndrome.
496. Specify violations of the cerebral vessels that occur during a migraine attack?
Microembolism of cerebral vessels
Spasm of intracerebral vessels
Microthrombosis of cerebral vessels
Microhemorrhages in brain tissue
497. Indicate the signs of a migraine:
Physical activity is not impaired
No nausea
unilateral throbbing headache
Diffuse pain
Page 126 of 555
:
498. In multiple sclerosis, all of the above structures are affected, except for:
White matter of the brain and spinal cord
Optic nerve
The membranes of the brain
White matter of the spinal cord
Cerebellum
499. Specify the syndrome characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:
Amyotrophies with Ubrillation and hyperre[exia
Central monoparesis
Trophic ulcers
Seizures
Dysfunction of the pelvic organs
500. A 25-year-old woman gradually developed a wobbly gait, weakness in the legs, speech impairment and an urgent urge to
urinate. Revealed horizontal nystagmus, chanted tongue, intentional tremor when performing coordination tests, lower central
paralysis. Make a preliminary diagnosis.
Purulent myelitis
Multiple sclerosis
Epidemic encephalitis
Neurosyphilis
Poliomyelitis
501. Which of the following motor symptoms is not typical for parkinsonism:
the phenomenon of "cogwheel";
chorea;
propulsion;
masked face;
shuging gait.
Page 127 of 555
:
502. Parkinson's disease can manifest itself in the following syndromes:
choreoathetoid;
akinetic-rigid;
vestibulo-cerebellar;
503. What drug is used during myasthenic crisis?
lasix
cordiamine
proserin
aminophylline
504. To assess the effectiveness of epilepsy treatment, the following are used:
craniography;
computed tomography;
EEG;
angiography.
505. What does an EEG look like in case of epileptic status?
Decreased biopotentials.
Increase in the amplitude of potentials.
The appearance of sharp peak waves.
Normal EEG pattern.
506. A 46-year-old patient has an attack, which is accompanied by a tingling sensation, numbness of the left arm, then the left
leg becomes numb. A few minutes after such attacks, convulsions occur in the left extremities. What seizures occur?
Absences
Jacksonian
Syncope
Migraine
Page 128 of 555
:
507. Pathomorphological changes in the nervous system in multiple sclerosis include:
Hemorrhage into the nervous tissue
. Dystrophic changes in the neuron
Demyelination and remyelination of nerve Ubers
Vascular cerebral insumciency
508. With Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, an increased content is determined in the blood:
prolactin
corticotropins
somatostatin
thyrotropins
509. 2. In initial stage of Parkinson disease the most typical involuntary movement is the following:
1. chorea
2. atetosis
3. tremor
4. dystonia
510. What neurological syndrom can there be positive rheumatic tests:
small chorea.
transient disorders of cerebral circulation.
poliomyelitis.
postencephalitic parkinsonism.
Page 129 of 555
:
511. The patient periodically had an absent gaze, at this time did not react to others, there were no falls and convulsions. Name
the type of seizure:
generalized tonic
atonic
jacksonian
absence
myoclonic.
512. Where is present the pyramidal decussation:
in cervical segments of spinal cord
in medulla oblongata
in internal capsule
between medulla and spinal cord
513. What diagnostic criteria are used to make a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
the undulating course of the disease
the presence of foci of demyelination of the brain on magnetic resonance imaging and the presence of oligoclonal Ig G in the
cerebrospinal [uid
absence of laboratory and clinical signs of other neurological diseases
duration of disease at least of 1 year
514. A 17-year-old boy has upper - peripheral - paraparesis, [brillar twitching in the muscles of the shoulder. What structures of
the nervous system were affected?
peripheral nerves
anterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of C5 - Th1
anterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of Th2-Th7
posterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of C5 - Th1
Page 130 of 555
:
515. In case of injury, which part of the nervous system does astereognosis occur?
Back roots
Posterior horns of the spinal cord
Parietal lobe of the brain
Lateral cords of the spinal cord
Frontal lobe of the brain
516. A patient developed weakness in her right limbs after sleep, which self-regressed after 45 minutes. In neurological status:
left-sided pyramidal insuFciency, mild hypesthesia is determined. There are no changes in the substance of the brain on CT.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
transient ischemic attack
cerebral ischemic atherothrombotic stroke
cerebral ischemic cardioembolic stroke
chronic cerebrovascular accident
cerebral ischemic hemodynamic stroke
517. Central paralysis develops with the lesion of:
corticospinal tract
of a peripheral motor neuron
spinal ganglia
posterior horns
518. To correct pathological muscle spasticity in multiple sclerosis, it is advisable to prescribe one of the following GABAergic
drugs
Aminalon
Phenibut
Baclofen
Diazepam
Page 131 of 555
:
519. What departments are allocated in parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system?
cranial
thoracic
lumbar
520. What changes occur in the patient with Petit's syndrome?
ptosis
miosis
mydriasis
enophthalmos
521. What formations does the central division of the autonomic nervous system?
reticular formation of the trunk,pituitary gland
hypothalamic region, limbic system
brain stem
the cortex of the occipital lobe
522. Hypoglossal nerve is
Purely sensory
Purely motor
Mixed
Spinal nerve
523. What groups of drugs are used to reduce parasympathetic tone?
adrenomimetics
antihistamines, atropine-containing drugs
tranquilizers, anticholinesterase drugs
anticholinesterase drugs
Page 132 of 555
:
524. In a patient with severe hypertension, on the background of blood pressure230/120 mmHg developed a sudden headache,
nausea, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness. In neurological status: focal neurological no symptoms, neck stiffness, Kernig
sign positive on both sides. Against the background of normalization of blood pressure, the above symptoms regressed after 48
hours. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the cerebellum
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere
acute hypertensive encephalopathy
serous meningitis
525. Patient D., 29 years old, artist, married. 08/27/96 there was a dull pain in the lumbar region, which in the following days
intensi[ed and spread throughout the back. After a week, numbness of the buttocks and perineum arose, and urinary retention.
At the same time, a rose-colored rash appeared on the skin of the abdomen and hands. In the study: Wassermann test and
ImmunoVuorescent Reactions are positive. In CSF: cytosis 450, protein 1.32 g / l, CFR 4+ What is the patient's diagnosis?
Neurosyphilis
Neurorheumatism
Herpetic lesion
Neuro AIDS
Neurobrucellosis
526. A person met with knife injury to face and resultant damage to facial nerve. It leads to impaired decreased secretion from
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Lacrimal gland
None
Page 133 of 555
:
527. A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of Wilson-Konovalov's disease, taking 1.5 g of d-penicillamine per day, began to
notice increased muscle fatigue, it became diFcult to climb stairs due to weakness in the legs.
lect the most likely cause of your problem:
fell ill with myasthenia gravis
developed myasthenic syndrome
insumcient dose of d-penicillamine
wants to strengthen the disability group
does not receive zinc salt preparations
528. What functions does the front control department of the hypothalamic region?
regulation of all types of metabolism
parasympathetic innervation
sympathetic innervation
functions of the pituitary gland
529. A 28-year-old man who has recently immigrated from Brazil presents with 3 months of
uctuating but slowly progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness, a little worse on the left side
an on the right. After a complete evaluation, a parasite is diagnosed as the etiology. This organism
a usually damage the nervous system at the level of which of the following?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
530. Which nerves contain a large number of vegetative [bers?
radial nerve,ulnar nerve
ulnar nerve,median nerve
sciatic nerve,trigeminal nerve
femoral nerve
Page 134 of 555
:
531. Ext branch of sup. Laryngeal N. supply
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Post cricoarytenoid
Cricoarytenoid
532. What drugs are used to reduce muscle spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis?
baclofen
sirdalud
carbamazepine
diazepam
Botox
relanium
533. What symptom is typical for the defeat of the sacral segments:
lower spastic paraplegia
polyneuritic type of sensory disorder
aphasia
urinary incontinence
symptoms?
Paresthesias
Spasticity
Depression
Erectile dysfunction
Urinary retention
Page 135 of 555
:
535. Following nuclei are associated with the facial nerve
Superior salivatory, inferior, salivatory, lacrimatory, motor.
Superior salivatory, tractus solitarius, lacrimatory, motor
Superior salivatory, inferior salivatory, lacrimatory, tractus solitaries
Inferior salivatory and motor
536. What drugs are prescribed for treatment Raynaud's disease?
beta blockers
non-steroidal anti-in[ammatory drugs facilities
antihistamines
anticholinergics
537. In a neurological clinic, a 59-year-old patient was [rst diagnosed with Parkinsonism. Choose the most informative and
suFcient examination for conducting differential diagnosis between Parkinson's disease and secondary Parkinsonism:
MRI angiography
a detailed history + determination of the level of dopamine in the blood
MRI and PET
detailed history
detailed medical history and MRI
538. The patient has peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve on the left and right-sided central hemiparesis. The lesion is
located in the area:
internal capsule on the left
medulla oblongata on the left
pons on the right
pons on the left
539. Give an example of a risk factor speci[c to stroke:
arterial hypertension
Page 136 of 555
:
540. Which of the following is not a part of peripheral nervous system?
Cranial nerve
Ganglion
Spinal nerve
Spinal cord
541. For the defeat of the tibial nerve is uncharacteristic:
violation of plantar [exion of the foot and Ungers
decreased Achilles re[ex
steppage gait
hypoesthesia on the posterior surface of the lower leg and sole
542. In the fracture of middle cranial fossa, absence of tears would be due to lesion in
Trigeminal ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Greater petrosal nerve
Cervical ganglion
543. The content of chloride in the cerebrospinal Vuid normally ranges from:
80-110 mmol / l
40-60 mmol / l
230-260 mmol / l
120-130 mmol / l
Page 137 of 555
:
544. A woman suffering from headaches for many years, suddenly, after physical activity fell, lost consciousness, developed a
generalized convulsive seizure. In the neurological status, convergent strabismus, roughly expressed shell syndrome. There are
no paresis. Hemorrhagic cider in cerebrospinal Vuid. Set the diagnosis:
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere of the brain
epilepsy with generalized seizures
545. What is the syndrome in which there is no reaction of pupils to the light during normal convergence and accommodation:
Weber's syndrome.
Claude's syndrome.
Schmidt syndrome.
Argil-Robertson syndrome.
546. Caudal segmental apparatus of the parasympathetic division autonomic nervous system represented by neurons of the
lateral horns spinal cord at the level of segments
L IV - S I
L V - S II
S I - S III
S II - S IV
S III - S V
547. True about occulumotor nerve are all except
Carries parasympathetic Ubres
Causes constriction of pupils
Supplies inferior oblique muscle
Passes through inferior orbital Ussure
Page 138 of 555
:
548. Sign of damage to the internal capsule on the left:
left spastic hemiplegia
right-sided spastic hemiplegia, central palsy VII and XII pairs of CN on the right
lower central paraplegia
spastic tetraplegia
549. A 51-year-old woman with an 8-month history of neurological decline dies after a severe bout of
piration pneumonia. Autopsy of her brain reveals extensive loss of granule cells in the cerebellum
d other changes most obvious in the cerebellar cortex. Fine vacuoles give the brain a spongiform
pearance. No senile plaques are evident. The patient could have acquired this progressive disease
rough which of the following means?
Sexual intercourse
A blood transfusion
Consumption of raw Ush
An upper respiratory infection
Growth hormone treatment
550. A 27-year-old man comes to the emergency department for progressive weakness and numbness in his legs for 5 days.
Symptoms originally started with tingling in both feet and have progressed to involve the knees and hips; he is currently unable
to walk without assistance. Two weeks ago, the patient had diarrhea that subsided without antibiotics. Neurologic examination
shows weakness, decreased sensation, and absent patellar reVexes in both lower extremities. Lumbar puncture shows elevated
CSF protein and no white blood cells. Which of the following structures is most likely affected in this patient?
Postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors
Muscle endomysium
Schwann cells
Presynaptic terminals of cholinergic neurons
Cerebral white matter
Page 139 of 555
:
551. Concerning the cerebellum, select the incorrect statement:
it is found in the posterior cranial fossa
it is a part of brainstem
it is separated from the occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli
it has two hemispheres
it is responsible for coordination
552. A 33-year-old man has lower extremity weakness and urinary incontinence approximately 2 weeks after a viral illness.
Which of the following is most likely to be present?
sensorineural hearing loss
ataxia
facial nerve palsy
tinnitus
553. Following nerves cross the ICA in their course in the neck;
IX, X, XII nerves
X, XI, XII nerves
IX, X, XI nerves
IX, X, ansa cervicalis
554. Tendon reVexes include:
abdominal
knee
pharyngeal
plantar
Page 140 of 555
:
555. A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis on the basis of the clinical picture, proserin test, ENMG, and
an increase in the level of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors.
at research should be done to select the optimal treatment tactics:
MRI of the brain
muscle biopsy
CT of the lungs
MRI of the mediastinum
Biochemical blood test for CPK
556. The facial nerve
Arises from the medulla oblongata
Transverses through parotid gland
Supplies muscles of mastication
Carries no taste Ubres
557. Following are the functional components of vagus nerve EXCEPT
General visceral efferent
Special visceral efferent
General somatic efferent
558. The patient is affected in the upper part of the anterior central gyrus on the left, he notes:
central paresis of the left leg
right-sided central hemiparesis
central paresis of the right leg
peripheral paresis of the left arm and leg
Page 141 of 555
:
559. An elderly woman was taken to the clinic in serious condition. HELL 230/120 mm Hg, pulse 120 beats per minute, Cheyne-
Stokes respiration, temperature - 40C. In the neurological status, diffuse muscle hypotension, Voating eyeballs, s-m Parino.
Liquor is bloody. Set the diagnosis
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the brainstem
purulent meningitis
560. Indicate the physiological role of cerebrospinal Vuid:
mechanical protection of the brain
neuroendocrine function
thermoregulation
hormonal
blood supply to the brain
561. The functions of the cerebellum, select the incorrect statement:
programming of rapid, skilled voluntary movements.
integration of proprioception with re[ex activity.
tactile sense appreciation.
regulation of muscle tone.
562. The following statement concerning chorda tympani nerve are true EXCEPT that it
Carries secretomotor Ubers to submandibular gland
Joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa
Is a branch of facial nerve
Contains post ganglionic parasympathetic Ubres
Page 142 of 555
:
563. In supranuclear lesions of facial nerve
The whole of the face is paralysed on affected side
Only lower part of face is paralysed
Whole of face is paralysed on contra lateral side
Paralysis occurs on the both sides of the face
564. The following symptoms are related to tension symptoms:
Lessage
Lassegue, Wasserman
Kernig, Neri
565. A patient was brought to the clinic with severe dizziness. The words the patient fell ill acutely, against the background of
elevated blood pressure, appeared the above complaints, began to fall to the right when walking. Incoordination in right limbs.
Muscle tone S-m Stuart-Holmes positive on right. Set the diagnosis.
trunk ischemic stroke, vestibular syndrome
transient ischemic attack in the vertebrobasilar basin
ischemic stroke in the cerebellum
chronic cerebrovascular accident in the brain stem brain
ischemic stroke in the trunk, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko syndrome
566. The patient was taken to the clinic in serious condition. Due to complex examination, he was diagnosed with cerebral
hemorrhagic stroke. Prescribe treatment.
brain metabolites, neuroprotectors, angioprotectors
vasodilators, neuroprotectors, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants
brain metabolites, angioprotectors, neuroprotectors, hypotensive
angioprotectors, inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, hemo statics
venotonics, angioprotectors, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants
Page 143 of 555
:
567. Damage to the C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord leads to:
central tetraplegia
central paralysis of the hands
peripheral paralysis of the hands
violation of the pelvic organs of the peripheral type
568. What groups of drugs reduce sympathetic tone?
neuroleptics
anticholinergics
atropine-containing
antihistamines
569. M?S is strongly associated with:
HLA-DR 2
HLA-DQ
HLA-A
570. Drooping of upper eyelid results when there is paralysis of
Temporal branch of facial nerve
Zygomatic branch of facial nerve
Occulomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
571. What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is directly associated with the substantia nigra? It is known that a disorder
that is associated with this neurotransmitter underlies Parkinson's disease. What is this neurotransmitter?
serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine
acethylholine
Page 144 of 555
:
572. A patient developed weakness in her right limbs after sleep. Which self-regressed after 45 minutes. In the neurological
status: left-sided pyramidal insuFciency is determined, mild hypoesthesia. There are no changes in the substance of the brain
on CT. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
573. The patient has peripheral paresis of the left arm and right leg. The lesion is located in:
in segments C5-Th2 on the left
in segments C5-Th2 on both sides
in the anterior horns C5-Th2 on the left and L1-S2 on the right
in segments C1-C4 on the left
574. Damage to the facial nerve in the region of the cerebellopontine angle is not typical for:
decreased corneal re[ex
hyperacusis
taste disturbance in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
combined lesion of the V and VIII pairs
it is formed of two hemispheres and median part the vermis
it shares in the formation of the fourth ventricle
it lies in the posterior cranial fossa
it has three peduncles connecting it to the midbrain
its largest nucleus is the dentate nucleus
Page 145 of 555
:
576. Name the signs of damage to the occipital lobe:
hemiataxia
bilateral hemianopsia
homonymous hemianopia
ataxia
577. - Vegetative nuclei in the spinal cord and brain;
578. The polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss suggests presence of the following syndrome:
numbness & pain in distal parts of extremities
numbness & analgesia in half of the body
pain & sensory ataxia in half of the body
analgesia & sensory ataxia in proximal parts of extremities
579. What symptoms are not typical for damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord:
anesthesia
muscular atrophy
fasciculation
atonia
580. With the defeat of the epiconus, it is noted:
true urinary incontinence
peripheral paresis of the distal lower extremities (feet)
no movement disorders
central paralysis of the lower extremities
Page 146 of 555
:
581. Which of the following disorders is not a part of hyperkinesis?
Chorea
Athetosis
Myoclonus
Hemibalism
Intention tremor
582. Classic symptoms of meningitis usually include ?
Fever, Headache, Stiff neck
Backache, Hallucination, Indigestion
Rash, Inner ear pain, Itching
Dry skin, Dehydration, Cold sores
583. Which of the following best reVects the evidence on interferon beta for treating MS?
there is good evidence that it prevents disease progression in people with secondary progressive MS
there is no value in giving it after a Urst demyelinating event
there is some evidence that interferon beta can reduce exacerbations and disease progression in people with relapsing,
remitting disease
584. Facial N. stimulation during testing of nerve indicated by contraction of muscle
Temporalis
Masseter
Sternoleidomastoid
Orbiculatri oris
Page 147 of 555
:
585. Specify what changes are not typical for the craniogram in hypertensive syndrome:
increased Unger impressions
expansion of the internal auditory meatus
expansion of the entrance to the Turkish saddle
expansion of the ventricles of the brain
osteoporosis of the back of the Turkish saddle
586. The patient was admitted with complaints of double vision, weakness in right limbs. Examination revealed ischemic brain
stem stroke. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures:
anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, neuroprotectors, brain metabolites, venotonics
587. Central lower paraparesis - a syndrome of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of spinal cord segments:
complete transverse lesion of the thoracic segments
half transverse lesion of the lower thoracic segments
lumbar
cervical
liver disease
heart disease (arrhythmia, etc.)
lung diseases
Page 148 of 555
:
589. High pleocytosis in normal and slightly increased amount of protein is called:
protein-cell dissociation.
subarachnoid space block syndrome.
meningeal syndrome.
cell-protein dissociation.
590. In the form of what clinical forms appears secondary peripheral vegetative failure?
solaropathy
Raynaud's disease
erythromelalgia
causalgia
all options are correct
591. Specify the formations that produce cerebrospinal Vuid:
choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain
epineuria
dura mater
pia mater
endoneuria
592. Taste sensations from circumvallate papilla are carried through
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve
Page 149 of 555
:
593. Hypoglossal nerve supplies all the muscles EXCEPT
Styloglossus
Stylopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
594. A 33-year-old man is noted to have exacerbations of weakness. He is diagnosed with MS. Which of the following is likely to
be helpful for his symptoms of weakness?
mitoxantrone
corticosteroid therapy
plasmapheresis
immunoglobulin therapy
595. In which parts of the spinal cord is the ciliospinal center located?
ThV - ThVI
SII - SIV
CVIII - ThI
CI - CV
596. Where does phantom pain occur?
in a cult
in a wounded limb
in the missing limb
in the spine
597. A 12-year-old boy with cerebral palsy develops pathological foot reVexes of the extensor type, namely:
Rossolimo
ankylosing spondylitis
Marinescu-Radovich
Babinsky
Page 150 of 555
:
598. All are true of mandibular nerve except
Sensory branch arised from anterior trunk.
Muscles of mastication are innervated by branches of main trunk.
Nerve to medial pterygoid arise rom main trunk
Buccal nerve innvervates buccinator muscle
599. Blood supply of facial nerve
Stylomastoid branch of facial nerve
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Stylomastoid
600. In carotid sheath
Vagus nerve lies posteriorly and in the middle of ICA and IJV
Ansa cervicalis is embedded in the lateral wall
Cervical sympathetic chain in plastered to its posterior wall
Common carotid artery is not there
601. Differentiated therapy for hemorrhagic stroke includes all of the above except:
dehydrating drugs
anticoagulants
coagulants and antiUbrinolytics
hematoma removal operations for hemorrhages in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
Page 151 of 555
:
602. During recovery from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), a female client is given nothing by mouth, to help prevent
aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's swallowing ability once each
shift. This assessment evaluates:
Cranial nerves I and II.
Cranial nerves III and V.
Cranial nerves VI and VIII.
Cranial nerves IX and X.
603. anterior horns at the level L5-S1
604. Which of the following medications has the least eFcacy in the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy?
Gabapentin
Amitriptyline
Pregablin
Paroxetine
605. What skin symptoms occur when stimulated by sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
pale skin, decrease in skin temperature
redness of the skin, increase in skin temperature
increase in skin temperature
edema
606. InVammation of brain parenchyma refers to?
Bacterial meningitis
Myelitis
Bacterial encephalitis
None of the above
Page 152 of 555
:
607. A 67-year-old man presents with headache, fever, disorientation, and seizures. CSF testing
tablishes that the patient has the most common form of acute encephalitis. The CSF changes late in
e course of this disease typically include which of the following?
An increased number of lymphocytes
A glucose content of less than two-thirds the serum level
A protein content of less than 45 mg/dL
A normal opening pressure
A predominance of polymorphonuclear white blood cells (WBCs)
608. The nerve which transverse the head, neck throat and abdomen;
IX
XI
Phrenic nerve
609. Which of the following nerves carries gustatory and parasympathetic [bers?
Deep petrosal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
External petrosal nerve
610. A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of weakness, agitation, and
slurred speech. She speaks slowly with frequent breaks and has diFculty keeping her eyes open. Over the past three days, she
has had a sore throat, runny nose, and low-grade fever. She says her eyes and tongue have been
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
Page 153 of 555
:
611. Signs of damage to the frontal lobe:
hemiparesis
monoparesis , motor aphasia, ataxia
monoanesthesia , visual agnosia
sensory aphasia
612. What drugs should be prescribed for exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
nootropics
antibiotics
corticosteroids
diuretics
tranquilizers
613. The patient shows horizontal nystagmus, with abduction eyeballs to the sides. The gait is shaky, with an increase in
fragility with cornering, especially to the right. During the test, Romberg falls to the right. Missing and intentional jitter during
execution is noted. Finger-nasal test on the right, adiadokhokinesis on the right, change in handwriting (megalography).
Reduced muscle tone on the right. Paresis of limbs no. Where is the lesion site located?
Left cerebellar hemisphere
Cerebellar worm
Frontal lobe on the left
Right cerebellum
614. In facial nerve injury just above the branching of chorda tympani nerve, which is not seen
Paralysis of facial muscles
Decreased salivation
Loss of taste sensation
Hyperacusis
Page 154 of 555
:
615. A 27-year-old woman gradually developed weakness in her right leg and numbness in her left leg. In the neurological
status: decreased muscle strength of the right leg up to 3 points; Babinsky's symptom on the right, decreased deep sensitivity
on the right from the level of Th10, high tendon reVexes on the right leg; decrease in super[cial sensitivity on the left with Th12.
Where is the pathology - focus?
half of the spinal cord on the right at the level of Th10
half of the spinal cord on the left at the level of Th12
the entire spinal cord at the level of Th10
616. Which of the following are indications of cerebellar disturbance?
Hypotonia.
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
All of the above
617. Sphenoidal air sinus is supplied by ____ nerve
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Post+erior superioro alveolar nerve
Sphenoidal nerve
Infratemporal nerve
618. Indicate the methods that are not used for the study of CSF:
pressure measurement
immunological
serological
coagulogram
research on protein, sugar, chlorides
Page 155 of 555
:
619. Meningeal symptoms include:
neck stiffness
Matskevich's symptom
Oppenheim's symptom
Neri's symptom
620. A 2nd year student has become sloppy, turns his head in the classroom different sides, writes letters of different sizes,
grimaces. Objectively: decreased muscle tone in the limbs, rapid arrhythmic
voluntary movements of the limbs and trunk. What is the name of described syndrome:
Athetosis
Chorea
Hemibalism
Myoclonus
Teak
621. Choreic hyperkinesis is characterized by:
Slow, worm-like movement
Speed, irregularity, swiftness, stereotyping
Speed, irregularity, swiftness, lack of tereotypes
Twitching in muscle groups or in single muscles
Involuntary tonic contraction of facial muscles
622. The following hyperkinesis is characteristic of Parkinson's syndrome:
blepharospasm
dystonia
tremor
chorea
teak
Page 156 of 555
:
623. A 35-year-old woman has double vision that worsens when reading. The neurologist revealed partial ptosis on the right,
sharply increasing with a [xed look up.
oose the most likely diagnosis:
multiple sclerosis
myasthenia gravis, ophthalmic form (I class)
generalized myasthenia gravis (grade II)
brainstem encephalitis
brainstem stroke
624. The parasympathetic nervous sytem does not:
slow heart rate
accelerate heart rate
stimulate salivary secretion
stimulate peristalsis
625. What is the provoking factor in the development of acute demyelinating polyneuropathy of Guillain-Barre?
Viral infections
heavy metal intoxication
Diabetes
ionizing radiation
Arterial hypertension
626. In the clinic of central paralysis will be noted:
plasticity of muscle tone
spasticity of muscle tone
hypore[exia
are[exia
Page 157 of 555
:
627. The Wernicke-Mann position is typical for the defeat:
occipital lobe of the brain
internal capsule
lateral columns of the spinal cord
628. Trochlear nerve all true except
Longest intracranial course
Arises from dorsum of brainstem
Supply ipsilateral superior oblique muscle
Enter orbit through sup.Orbital Ussure outside annula of Zinn.
629. The patient, 35 years old, complains about burning pain in the right side of the face, mainly in the area of ??the upper and
lower jaw. The pain is of a paroxysmal nature lasting 1-3 sec. Attacks of pains occur during chewing, talking, washing. For the
[rst time pains appeared 3 months ago after the Vu. In the neurological status: soreness in the exit points of the II and III
branches of the right trigeminal nerve. No other neurologic symptoms. What is most likely diagnosis?
Facial neuritis
Bell`s palsy
Tooth pain due to pulpitis
630. Adiadochokinesis is a violation of:
Sequential movement of Ungers
Walking from heel to toe
Abstinence of tremor
Synchronous movements of the hands
Coordination of the tongue-motor muscles
Page 158 of 555
:
631. In lower motor neuron lesions of the facial nerve
Ipsilateral lower half is paralysed
Ipsilateral whole face is paralysed
Contra lateral whole face is paralysed
Contra lateral lower hair is paralysed
632. Following are the functional components of glossopharyngeal nerve EXCEPT
General somatic afferent
Special visceral afferent
633. Characteristic for the defeat of the posterior horns of the spinal cord is:
muscular atrophy
segmental loss of pain and temperature sensitivity
conductive disturbances of sensitivity
are[exia
634. A woman suddenly, after sleep, developed an intense dizziness, unsteadiness when walking. On examination: slurred
speech. Horizontal small-sweeping nystagmus to the right, ataxia to the right limbs, adiadochokinesis on the right, low muscle
tone in the right limbs. Liquor is transparent. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere, the channel of the right middle cerebral artery
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere arteries
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere of the cerebellum
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum
Page 159 of 555
:
635. Preganglionic neurons lie within _____________
CNS
Peripheral nervous system
636. Ms. R is a 35-year-old female, who works as a news reporter. Ms. R [rst experienced intense pain in the left side of her
face one morning while applying makeup around her forehead and eyebrow region. Later that morning, while [lming a news
report on scene at a road traFc accident, Ms. R began to experience severe pain that was radiating along her left jawline and
into her lower gums. Ms. R thought that this stabbing pain may be due to a dental cavity; however, she thought it was strange
that the pain seemed to intensify with strong wind gusts and recalled the intense facial pain she had experienced earlier that
morning when applying makeup to her face. Initially Ms. R was experiencing 2-3 attacks per day for several weeks, which then
escalated to upwards of 10 attacks per day and were frequently triggered by activities of daily life including speaking, chewing,
applying makeup and brushing her teeth. What is the diagnosis?
otitis media
mastoiditis
optic neuritis
programming of rapid, skilled voluntary movements
integration of proprioception with re[ex activity
coordination of somatic motor activity
regulation of muscle tone
tactile sense appreciation
638. For damage to the whole lesion of the spinal cord of the upper cervical segments (C1-C4) is characteristic:
[accid tetraplegia
conduction disorders of all types of sensitivity
sensory aphasia
ataxia
Page 160 of 555
:
639. Cricothyroid is supplied by
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve
External laryngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
640. A 45-year-old patient went to a neurologist in a polyclinic with complaints of stitching, burning pains in the lower
extremities, shakiness when walking, and a feeling of "as if walking on cotton wool." In the neuro status, a decrease in knee and
Achilles reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. Direct Argil-Robertson Syndrome. The foot is
deformed. With lumbar puncture, signs of serous inVammation as well as a positive Wasserman reaction. What is your
preliminary diagnosis?
Idiopathic epilepsy
Myasthenia gravis
Bell's palsy
Neurosyphilis
Parkinson's disease
641. A 35-year-old woman is bitten by a small doglike wild animal while camping. The animal
mediately runs away. Her skin is barely broken, and, besides feeling a little frightened, she says
at she is Une. Despite this, her friend convinces her to be evaluated in the nearest emergency room.
ich of the following viruses that typically invade the CNS by extending centripetally (ie, inward
ay from the periphery) along peripheral nerves is the woman most at risk for?
Mumps
Measles
Varicella zoster
Polio
Rabies
Page 161 of 555
:
642. A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of numbness, fatigue, and blurry vision for 1 week. The symptoms
are worse after a hot shower or bath. She had an episode of right arm weakness 2 years ago that resolved without intervention.
She recently returned from a hiking trip in upstate New York. Her temperature is 37.8
Spirochete protein cross-reactivity in the meninges
Osmotically-mediated Schwann cell damage
Th1 cell-mediated nerve sheath damage
Antibody binding at the neuromuscular junction
Immune complex deposition in the arterial endothelium
Lymphocytic inUltrate of the endoneurium
643. This sign is used to diagnose meningitis:
Hormans
Brudzinski
Babinskii
Tourette
644. A 62-year-old patient has been worried about increasing stiffness of movements, trembling of the [ngers of his right hand
for 2 years. From the anamnesis it is known that his twin brother has similar complaints. Neurological examination revealed:
hypomimia, muscle rigidity of the right extremities, bradykinesia, [ne static tremor of the [ngers, more pronounced on the
right.
Wilson's disease
Parkinson's disease
Secondary Parkinsonism
Brain tumor
Dyscirculatory encephalopathy stage II
645. Stroke is:
acute violation of the blood circulation of the lungs
acute circulatory disorders of the liver and kidneys
Page 162 of 555
:
646. Pain in half of the head is typical for:
tension headache
migraine
drug induced headache
hypertensive headache
post-traumatic headache
647. Do not use for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
thrombolysis
angioprotectors
hemostatics
proteolytic enzyme inhibitors
648. The patient, due to a disease of the spinal cord, developed tetraparesis with the absence of tendon reVexes on the arms,
atony and atrophy of the muscles; high tendon reVexes and high muscle tone in the legs. Determine the level of damage:
lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord
thoracic - part of the spinal cord
cervical thickening of the spinal cord
upper cervical spinal cord
649. Skin over the prominence of the cheek is supplied by
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
Auriculotemporoal
Infra trochlear
Page 163 of 555
:
650. A 59-year-old right-handed woman has been clinically diagnosed with encephalitis. While CSF
d MRI studies are pending, a medical student suggests ordering an EEG. Which of the following
G Undings is most associated with herpes encephalitis?
? Activity over the frontal regions
? Activity over the temporal regions
Three-per-second spike-and-wave discharges
Bilateral, periodic epileptiform discharges
Unilateral ? activity over the frontal region
651. Specify the anatomical structures through which nerve impulses pass from the parasympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord
to the rectum:
plexus pelvinus
lumbar plexus
cervical nerves
652. Which of the following types of sensitivity are complex:
Sense of localization
pain
Temperature
Deep musculo-articular and vibrational
Tactil
653. Following are the cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain EXCEPT
Occulomotor nerve nucleus
Trochlear nerve nucleus
Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Page 164 of 555
:
654. Patient R., 60 years old, suffering from a malignant course arterial hypertension, against the background of blood pressure
280/110 mm Hg, there was dizziness with a sensation of rotation of objects, severe headache in neck and neck, repeated
vomiting. Objectively: dysarthria, there are no movement disorders, Hertwig-Magendie syndrome (divergence eyeballs
vertically), nystagmus, muscle hypotension, muscle rigidity occiput. What is the most likely diagnosis?
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the brain stem of the brain
serous meningitis
655. The term
Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Amygdaloid nucleus
656. Cranial part Accessory nerve supplies all palatal muscles except
Palate glossus
Palate pharyngeus
Tensor veli palate
Levator palate
657. In the absence of a block of subarachnoid space during a Kveckenstedt test, cerebrospinal Vuid pressure rises:
10 times
2 to 6 times
4 times
2 times
Page 165 of 555
:
658. A 37-year-old female navy oFcer presents with 3 days of confusion and seizures. Her
lleagues report that she has been acting strangely for 3 days. This is followed by generalized status
ilepticus. The woman has previously been well. She has traveled to the Caribbean several times
nually, and she has a new pet cat. General examination discloses epitrochlear lymphadenopathy.
urological examination shows the woman to be in status epilepticus. CSF is negative; MRI shows
creased signal in the pulvinar bilaterally.
Subacute HIV encephalomyelitis (AIDS encephalopathy)
Tabes dorsalis
Neurocysticercosis
Bartonella henselae encephalitis
659. Indicate what is typical for the segmental type of sensory damage:
Violation of sensitivity only in the area of damage to the segment
Violation or complete absence of sensitivity below the level of the lesion
Violation of surface sensitivity in the zone of innervation
660. Which does not apply to signs of damage to the intervertebral node:
Anesthesia by polyneuritic type
Segmental anesthesia
Pain
Anesthesia of all kinds of sensitivity
Herpetic eruptions
Page 166 of 555
:
661. An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after having a 2-minute episode of violent, jerky
movements of his right arm at school. He was sweating profusely during the episode and did not lose consciousness. He
remembers having felt a chill down his spine before the episode. Following the episode, he experienced weakness in the right
arm and was not able to lift it above his head for 2 hours. Three weeks ago, he had a sore throat that resolved with over-the-
counter medication. He was born at term and his mother remembers him having an episode of jerky movements when he had a
high-grade fever as a toddler. There is no family history of serious illness, although his father passed away in a motor vehicle
accident approximately 1 year ago. His temperature is 37.0
Sydenham chorea
Sporadic transient tic disorder
Hemiplegic migraine
Focal seizure
662. What mediator has an excitatory inVuence on the parasympathetic division autonomic nervous system?
adrenaline
ergotamine
acetylcholine
atropine
663. Auricular branch of vagus is otherwise called as
Jacobson
Herring
Alderman
Vidian nerve
664. Medial squint is caused by paralysis of?
Trochlear
Occulomotor
Abducent
Optic
Page 167 of 555
:
665. Which of the following nerves are branches of mandibular nerve
Lingual, facial and palatine nerve
Lingual, inferior alveolar nerve
In ala and cervical nerves
All of the Above
666. What cerebellar symptoms are typical for multiple sclerosis?
muscle hypotension
static ataxia
dynamic ataxia
scrambled speech
667. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?
vasospasm leading to plasma impregnation and cerebral edema
autoimmune reaction to myelin antigen
damage by viruses to the vascular wall, causing its destruction
all of above
668. What symptoms are not typical for lesions of the thoracic spinal cord:
urinary retention
inferior [accid paraplegia
669. Name the symptoms of damage to the frontal lobe:
ataxia
abasia
alexia
Page 168 of 555
:
670. A 52-year-old generally healthy woman has had a gradual neurological deterioration over the
st 6 to 8 months. It began with depression and a mild change in personality. Eventually she
veloped weakness and nonpurposeful movements of her left hand, as well as signiUcant cognitive decline. All serologies were
negative. MRI showed abnormal restricted diffusion in portions of the
rtical gray matter and deep nuclei. Electroencephalography (EEG) had diffuse slowing and
iphasic waves. Routine spinal [uid examination in this patient would be expected to show which of
e following?
No abnormalities on routine studies
Elevated protein
More than 100 lymphocytes
More than 1000 red blood cells
Decreased glucose
671. What variants of the course of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis do you know?
sharp
recurrent
chronic
progressive
672. A glove-&-stocking pattern of sensory disturbance usually develops with disease in:
peripheral nerves
the spinal cord
the brainstem
the thalamus
673. A patient on the left arm has muscle hypotrophy, [brillar twitching. Where is the lesion?
lateral horns
posterior roots
anterior horns
lateral horns
Page 169 of 555
:
674. Segmental apparatus sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is represented neurons in the lateral horns of
the spinal cord brain at the level of segments
CV-TX
T I - T XII
C VIII - L II
T VI - L IV
675. Gag reVex is lost due to paralysis of
V nerve
VII nerve
IX nerve
XII nerve
676. The following symptoms are characteristic of the cerebral type of sensory disturbance:
hemihypesthesia, violation of all types of sensitivity
violation of sensitivity on one's side
violation of sensitivity in the dermatome
677. The cranial nerve with the longest intracranial course
Optic
Abducent
Trigeminal
Oculomotor
Trochlear
678. In cases of the right optic nerve injury, the light reVex
Would be present on left side when light is thrown on left side
Would be present on right side when light is thrown on the left side
Would be present on left side but absent on right side when light thrown on right side.
A and B
Page 170 of 555
:
679. The etiology of peripheral diabetic neuropathy includes?
Length dependent axonopathy
Spinal cord injury
Extensive involvement of the motor neurons
Proximal > distal axonopathy
680. Although the exact cause of MS is not yet known, which factor may play a role?
environment
viruses
family history
all of the above
681. A lesion in this area will lead to "intentional tremors."
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
pons
thalamus
682. The cells of olfactory nerve are
Unipolar neurons
Bipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons
Psuedounipolar neurons
Page 171 of 555
:
683. As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you know to be the major output
neuron of the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje cells
Dentate nucleus
Fastigial nucleus
Clarke's nucleus
Spinal border cells
684. Location of the sensitive analyzer of general types of sensitivity in the brain:
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
Broca's center
685. Between the adrenal glands is located:
celiac plexus
hepatic plexus
diaphragmatic plexus
686. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of blurred vision for the past 2 months. During this period, she has
also had diFculty chewing and swallowing. She reports that her symptoms worsen throughout the day and improve with rest.
There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The patient works as a teacher and has had a great deal of stress lately.
She does not smoke and drinks a glass of wine occasionally. She takes no medications. Her temperature is 37.0
Plasmapheresis
MRI of the Brain
CT scan of the chest
Serum ACTH and CRH levels
Page 172 of 555
:
687. The following tremor is typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
intentional
postural
kinetic
physiological
rest
688. All of the following statements about the vagus nerve are true except that it
Supplies heart and lung
Carries postganglionic parasympathetic Ubers
Innervates right two third of transverse colon
Stimulates peristalsis and relaxes sphincters
689. Auditory transmission is via
Lateral lemniscus
Medial lemniscus
Lateral geniculate body
Frontal cortex
690. A 72-year-old man comes to the physician with his son for a follow-up examination. The son reports that his father's
mental status has declined since the previous visit when he was diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia. The patient often begins
tasks and forgets what he was doing. He has increased trouble remembering events that occurred the day before and
sometimes forgets names of common household objects. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. His current medications
include lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atorvastatin, and donepezil. He is confused and oriented only to person. He is unable to
count serial sevens backward from 100. He is able to register 3 items but unable to recall them 5 minutes later. Which of the
following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Risperidone
Ginkgo biloba
Citalopram
Memantine
Page 173 of 555
:
691. With what diseases should the spinal form of multiple sclerosis be differentiated?
tumors of the spinal cord
violation of spinal circulation
compression of the spinal cord by disc herniation
syringomyelia
all are correct
692. When the right frontal lobe is affected, the following symptoms occur:
right-sided spastic hemiplegia
spastic tetraplegia
693. A 37-year-old patient with a history of rheumatism during chopping wood, suddenly had a sharp headache, and weakened
the left limbs, after 25 minutes, the ambulance doctor recorded blood pressure 135/85 mm Hg, pulse 79 beats / min,
arrhythmic, left-sided hemiparesis up to 2 points. Diagnosed with stroke and delivered to the angiocerebral center after 50
minutes from the onset of the disease. What is the treatment (differentiated) most indicated for the patient with the exclusion of
hemorrhagic nature stroke during the
neurosurgical
symptomatic
hirudotherapy
nootropics
thrombolytics and direct anticoagulants
694. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
central and peripheral
parasympathetic and sympathetic
brain and spinal cord
nerves and ganglia
Page 174 of 555
:
695. An epidemiological history is important if you suspect:
for meningococcal meningitis
for herpetic meningoencephalitis
for fungal meningitis
for meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
696. A 74-year-old woman complains of severe headache, photophobia, nausea, weakness in the right limbs. Severe, deep
condition stunning, speech contact is diFcult due to aphasia. Holding on to the hand head. Roughly expressed meningeal
syndrome. pupils are even, photoreaction is saved. Right-sided hemiparesis, muscle tone reduced in the right limbs. Liquor is
bloody. CT
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, right middle rudder cerebral artery
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere in the channel of the left middle cerebral arteries
hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere, the channel of the left middle cerebral artery
purulent meningitis
697. Name the main pathogenetic moments in the development of multiple sclerosis:
autoimmune reaction to myelin basic protein
the production of cytokines that stimulate in[ammatory and autoimmune
reactions
destruction of myelin by cytokines
degenerative changes in nerve Ubers
all of the above are correct
698. When Wernicke's area is affected, there are:
impaired spontaneous speech
motor aphasia
cognitive dysfunctions
impaired understanding of addressed speech
Page 175 of 555
:
699. Which of the following best reVects the evidence on using corticosteroids for treating an acute relapse of MS?
the optimal dose, duration of treatment, and route of administration are unclear
there is good evidence that 15 days of treatment is more effective than Uve days
there is good evidence that giving corticosteroids for an acute relapse can help prevent further relapses
700. Symptoms of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord include, except for:
tetraparesis
increased muscle tone
apraxia and alexia
diaphragm paralysis
701. The following writing disorder is typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
macrography
micrography
dysgraphia
spelling disorder
syntax violation
702. Peripheral paresis of the upper limbs
C5-C8 segments
C1-C4 segments
C1-C8 segments
Th5-Th10
Page 176 of 555
:
703. A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of diFculty swallowing solid food and liquids for 1 month.
During the past 5 months, he has also had increased weakness of his hands and legs. He sails regularly and is unable to hold
the ropes as tightly as before. Ten years ago, he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. Examination shows atrophy of the
tongue. Muscle strength is decreased in the right upper and lower extremities. There is muscle stiffness in the left lower
extremity. Deep tendon reVexes are 1+ in the right upper and lower extremities, 3+ in the left upper extremity, and 4+ in the left
lower extremity. Plantar reVex shows an extensor response on the left foot. Sensation to light touch, pinprick, and vibration is
Myasthenia gravis
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
704. Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve has following functional component?
General visceral afferent
705. Which is a direct content of cavernous sinus
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve
Occulomotor nerve
706. The centers of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in:
brain stem
posterior horns of the spinal cord
707. Which drugs should be prescribed patients with sympathetic insuFciency tone?
cyclodol, atropine
ephedrine,caffeine
pipolfen
Page 177 of 555
:
708. +spinal roots L5-S1 or sciatic nerve
709. Wry neck or torticollis is caused by
Irritation of vagus
Irritation of spinal accessory
Irritation of cranial accessory
Irritation of recurrent laryngeal
710. In a patient with severe hypertension, against the background of elevated blood pressure suddenly developed a headache,
dizziness. In the neurological status: horizontal nystagmus, ataxia in the arm and leg on the right, adiadochokinesis, scrambled
speech. meningeal symptoms positive, cerebrospinal Vuid - bloody. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
711. Violation of synchronous pronation and supination of the upper limbs is called:
ataxia
dysdiadochokinesis
dysmetria
dysarthria
akinesis
712. The sensitive analyzer system consists of all of the following nervous elements, except:
Receptors
Rubra-spinal tract
Spinal thalamic tract
Postcentral gyrus
Medial loop
Page 178 of 555
:
713. Nucleus of tractus solitarius is connected with the following cranial nerves EXCEPT
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve
714. In a patient after sleep, on the background of paroxysm of atrial [brillation developed speech disorders and weakness in
the right limbs. History: coronary artery disease with cardiac arrhythmias. In neurological status: central monoparesis on the
right, right-sided deep hemiparesis, sensory aphasia. In the study of cerebrospinal Vuid and blood, no pathology revealed. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
715. List the symptoms of damage to the C4 segment in diameter:
neck muscle atrophy
central paresis of the legs
central paresis of the hands
716. Clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular accidents in the vertebrobasilar system has all of the following except:
motor aphasia
systemic dizziness
bulbar disorders
alternating syndromes
nystagmus
Page 179 of 555
:
717. Where are present the Betz cell:
in anterior central gyrus
in posterior central gyrus
in central sulcus
in spinal cord
718. The following anatomical system includes the caudate and lenticular nuclei:
pyramidal
vegetative
extrapyramidal
cerebellar
vestibular
719. A 52-year-old woman develops progressive dementia, tremors, gait ataxia, and myoclonic jerks
er the course of 6 months. Her speech is slow and slurred, and hand movements are clumsy. No
mbers of her immediate family have a history of degenerative neurological disease. MRI of the
ad reveals a subtle increase in T2 signal in the basal ganglia bilaterally. EEG reveals disorganized
ckground activity with periodic sharp-wave discharges that occur repetitively at 1-second intervals
d extend over both sides of the head. Arteriogram reveals no vascular abnormalities. The clinical
cture is most consistent with which of the following?
Multi-infarct dementia
Tabes dorsalis
Friedreich disease (Friedreich ataxia)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Spongiform encephalopathy
Page 180 of 555
:
720. The defeat of the following anatomical formation causes left-sided hemihypesthesia:
left inner capsule
right inner capsule
right occipital lobe
left visual tubercle
right caudate nucleus
721. Haemophilus inVuenza is responsible for meningitis in which category of people ?
Neonates
Extremely aged people
Infants and children
None of the above
722. What drugs are used to treat multiple sclerosis?
dexamethasone
L-thyroxine
prednisolone
723. What drug is used for treatment orthostatic hypotension?
scolded
enap
alpha-[udrocortisone
prednisolone
bellataminal
Page 181 of 555
:
724. A 52-year-old woman with acquired immune de[ciency syndrome (AIDS) presents to the emergency room with mild left
hemiparesis and altered mental status. A CT scan reveals several rimenhancing lesions with minimal mass effect. Which of the
following is the best next step in
nagement?
Get a cerebral angiogram.
Order a ventricular CSF aspiration.
Perform a lumbar puncture and include CSF for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) PCR in tests ordered.
Stop all antiretroviral therapy.
Treat with intravenous acyclovir.
725. In remission of multiple sclerosis, which drugs we do not use:
immunostimulants is indicated.
interferon
glucocorticoids
cytostatics
726. Among the listed mechanisms of ischemic stroke, everything is correct, except:
thrombosis of cerebral vessels
vascular cerebral insumciency
hemorrhages
stealing Phenomenon
arterio-arterial and cardiac embolisms
viral infections
diabetes
ionizing radiation
Page 182 of 555
:
728. Following is true about nucleus of tractus solitarieus except
It is situated in the medulla oblongata
Its functional component is special visceral afferent
Through its connections with the reticular formation, it has re[ex control of cardiovascular and respiratory function
It receives afferent Ubres from eleventh cranial nerve
729. Which one of the following is a branch of the facial nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Lesser superUcial petrosal nerve
Greater superUcial petrosal nerve
730. With a transverse lesion of the thoracic spinal cord D9-D10, the following is detected:
lower spastic paraplegia with loss of all types of sensitivity
spastic tetraplegia
peripheral paralysis of the legs
shooting pains in the legs
731. Treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis with corticosteroids is indicated
in severe exacerbations of the disease
during remission
regardless of the stage of the disease
not shown
Page 183 of 555
:
732. A 33-year-old woman is noted to have daily severe headaches. Her physician prescribed botulinum toxin injections, which
have been highly effective. Which of the following types of headaches is most likely to be present?
Migraine vascular headache
Cluster vascular headache
Cervical muscle spasm
Tension headache
733. The plexus that surrounds the end of the abdominal aorta innervates the rectum, bladder, genitals:
inferomesenteric
celiac
hypogastric
734. The parasympathetic secretomotor [bres for submandibular and sublingual gland originate in nuclei of
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
735. A 75-year-old left-handed woman presented to the emergency room with what at [rst was
ought to be a stroke. History was signiUcant for pneumonia 5 weeks ago. Following neuroimaging,
e situation became less clear, and ultimately an enhancing brain lesion was aspirated via stereotaxic
edle placement. Culture of the aspirate grew out bacteria. The most likely organism is which of the
llowing?
Streptococcal
Staphylococcal
Bacteroides spp.
Proteus spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Page 184 of 555
:
736. Which of the following treatments for fatigue in MS is well supported by high-quality evidence?
exercise
behavior modiUcation
pemoline
none of the above
737. The main mediator of the sympathetic nervous system is:
serotonin
adrenaline
orepinephrine
738. Somatic efferent does not include
Facial nerve
Occulomotor nerve
Abducens
Trochlear
739. Resting tremor, especially when the patient wakes up, usually develops when damaged:
Caudate nucleus
thalamus
Substance nigra
spinal cord
Inner capsule of the brain
740. Patients who are suspected of having Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) should be treated emergently in the ICU. They require
constant monitoring to determine the severity of the disease and appropriate treatment options. Which of the following steps, if
done early, shortens the disease course and reduces the incidence of permanent paralysis?
Heat therapy
Immobilization
Corticosteroids
Plasma exchange
Page 185 of 555
:
741. Meningitis is de[ned as inVammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space and may be classi[ed under several
different categories. Of these categories, which of the following types is particularly serious due to the speed of its
progression?
Acute bacterial meningitis
Aseptic meningitis
Noninfectious meningitis
Viral meningitis
742. Man, 34 years old, during active physical activity, felt a headache, like a "hit in the head." Delivered to clinic where, after
examination, a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. What caused the disease?
vegetative-vascular dystonia
diffuse atherosclerosis
blood diseases
cerebral aneurysm
743. A 56-year-old patient complains of doubling, numbness of the right half of the face, uncertainty in the right and weakness
in the left limbs. The above complaints disturb for several hours. history of diabetes type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension.
Objectively: conscious, adequate. There are no cerebral or meningeal symptoms. All symptoms in the morning regressed. CT
showed no focal symptoms. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
ischemic atherothrombotic stroke
ischemic cardioembolic stroke
ischemic hemodynamic stroke
Status epilepticus
Page 186 of 555
:
745. Which of the following is not a branch of ophthalmic nerve
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Medial ethmoid
746. Symptoms of damage to the internal capsule on the right are all, except for:
defeat of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves on the left
left-sided hemianesthesia
alternating hemiplegia
left hemiplegia
747. All of the following carry proprioception from head and neck except
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Cranial accessory nerve
748. A young man had a sharp headache in the parietal region, vomiting, then developed local convulsions that generalized into
an epileptic seizure. SP doctor on examination determined blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, pulse 90 beats per minute,
disturbance of consciousness - coma, bilateral pathological reVexes, sharply pronounced meningeal syndrome. Liquor is
bloody. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the brain stem
serous meningitis
Page 187 of 555
:
749. All are branches of posterior division of mandibular nerve except
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Deep temporal nerve
Mylohyoid nerve.
750. Specify the level of spinal cord injury in a patient with tibial nerve injury?
Th12-L1
L2-L3
L4-S3
Th7-Th9
751. The following movements are characteristic of choreic hyperkinesis:
grimaces, large-amplitude
slow in pace
fast paced, twisting along the axis
752. What movement disorders are characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
central hemiparesis
[accid paraparesis
[accid monoparesis
pathological re[exes
Page 188 of 555
:
753. Your 27-year old patient displays ataxia when asked to walk across the examination room. You ask him to stand still with
his eyes closed and note marked swaying back and forth. When he opens his eyes the swaying persists. Vibration sense is
normal on all four limbs. Given the clinical picture in this case, such ataxia is likely due to damage to which of the following
structures?
Dorsal columns
Cerebral peduncles
Posterior limb of the internal capsule
Ventral horns of the spinal cord
Cerebellum
754. Site of lesion affecting V,VI & VII cranial nerve
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
C-P angle
755. The secretomotor [bre to the parotid gland passes through
Otic ganglion
Sphenopalatine ganglion
Geniculate ganglion
Lesser ganglion
756. If symptoms and a physical exam suggest MS, how does a healthcare provider con[rm it?
MRI
spinal tap
visual evoked potential (VEP) tests
all of the above
Page 189 of 555
:
757. What are the features of tremor in patients with parkinsonism?
it occurs during movement
it occurs at rest
it appears during emotional stress
758. A 24-year-old medical student was studying late at night for an examination. As he looked at his textbook, he realized that
his left arm and left leg were numb. He dismissed the complaint, recalling that 6 or 7 months ago he had similar symptoms. He
rose from his desk and noticed that he had poor balance. He queried whether his vision was blurred, and remembered that he
had some blurred vision approximately 1 to 2 years earlier, but that this resolved. He had not seen a physician for any of these
previous symptoms. He went to bed and decided that he would seek medical consultation the next day.
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
759. Auditory pathway passes through
Medial geniculate body
Reciculate formation
Cerebellar fornix
760. The sensory supply of the palate is through all of the following, except
Facial nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Page 190 of 555
:
761. indicate where other neurons of all types of sensitivity end:
Lateral horns of the spinal cord
Gaulle and Burdach nuclei
Visual thalamus
Postcentral gyrus
762. Signs of damage to the peripheral motor neuron, except:
spastic tone
muscle hypotension
decreased tendon re[exes
muscle hypotrophy
763. Which of the bones lodge the optic nerves?
Greater wing of sphenoid
Lesser wing of sphenoid
Orbital plate of frontal bone
Junction of orbital plate of maxillary and frontal bones
764. Specify branches originating from ganglion cervicothoracicum:
rami communicantes grisei
nervus cardiacus cervicalis medius
rami communicantes albi, Nervus vertebralis
Page 191 of 555
:
765. A 38-year-old man, who is immunocompromised because of HIV, presents with 1 month of
rsening right headache, ear pain, and fever. He is determined to have malignant external otitis and
teomyelitis of the base of the skull. Culture of the lesion reveals a fungal etiology. What is the most
kely causative organism?
Nocardia
Cryptococcus neoformans
Actinomyces
Aspergillus
Candida
766. Specify the nuclei of the head part of the parasympathetic nervous system:
accessory nerve nucleus
dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve
there is no correct answer
767. What are the manifestations of hemiballismus?
low worm-like movements in the Ungers
violent rotational movements of the body
erratic contractions of various muscles
tremor at rest
rapid contraction of the proximal muscles of the limbs with elements of rotation of the body
Page 192 of 555
:
768. The most striking neurological complication of von Economo encephalitis (encephalitis
thargica), a type of encephalitis that occurred in epidemic proportions along with viral in[uenza
tween 1917 and 1928, was which of the following?
Blindness
Hearing loss
Paraplegia
Parkinsonism
Incontinence
769. A 56-year-old patient, after active physical activity, felt a headache, pain, fell, lost consciousness. From the anamnesis: 20
years old suffers from hypertension disease. Objectively: BP 200/110 mm Hg, temperature 37.2?
serous meningitis
770. Which of the following nerves pierces the posterior part of roof of the cavernous sinus?
Optic nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Olfactory nerve
771. Charcot's triad in multiple sclerosis includes the following symptoms
hemiparesis
aphasia
intentional trembling
nystagmus
slurred speech
Page 193 of 555
:
772. What vegetative nodes innervate the pelvic organs?
stellate
chest
lumbar
sacral
773. What complications are formed in patients with multiple sclerosis?
muscle spasticity
dysfunction of the pelvic organs
lack of coordination
amyloidosis
774. Location of the pathways of Gaulle and Burdach in the spinal cord:
lateral cords
rear horns
front horns
posterior cords
anterior cords
775. A patient suddenly fainted after frequent headaches. In neurological status: Voating eyeballs, shortness of breath, general
hyperhidrosis, severe hyperemia of the face, periodically observed hormone syndrome. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ventricular hemorrhage
parenchymal hemorrhage
ischemic thrombotic stroke
ischemic embolic stroke
Page 194 of 555
:
776. Which of the following is true about the epidemiology of MS?
there is a gradient of increasing prevalence with increasing latitude
there is a gradient of increasing prevalence with decreasing latitude
there is a gradient of increasing prevalence with increasing longitude
there is a gradient of increasing prevalence with decreasing longitude
777. The following symptoms are typical for lesions of the sensitive spinal ganglion:
hypoesthesia in the dermatome zone, pain along the spine, herpetic eruptions
conduction hypoesthesia
hypoesthesia of the type "gloves and socks"
778. Damage to which cranial nerves is typical for multiple sclerosis?
optic
oculomotor
olfactory
accessory
facial
779. What characterizes athetosis?
chaotic involuntary movements that occur in various parts of the body
worm-like fanciful movements in the distal parts of the limbs
780. Types of cerebral vascular crises are divided into:
general, regional
vegetative
cardiac
renal
cardiorenal
Page 195 of 555
:
781. A 35-year-old man is diagnosed with a seizure disorder. There is no history of trauma or medical condition. What is the
most common type of seizure in adults with epilepsy?
Absence seizures
Complex partial seizures
Grand mal seizures
Todd paralysis
782. Ischemic stroke is divided into:
atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, lacunar
hemodynamic, hemorheological microocclusion stroke
both options are correct
no correct answer
783. Trigeminal nerve impairment produces the following symptoms:
plegia in half of the face
ache paroxysm in half of the face
disturbance of swallowing
ache in half of the head
784. Superior oblique muscle is supplied by
Occulomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve
Trigeminal nerve
785. What are the nerve plexuses that are located around the vessels called:
intramural
extramural
extraorganic
Page 196 of 555
:
786. The following statement concerning chorda tympani nerve are true except that it
Carries secretomotor Ubres to submandibular gland.
Contains postganglionic parasympathetic Ubres.
787. Afferent component of corneal reVex is mediated by
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
788. In a patient after sleep, against the background of paroxysm of atrial [brillation developed speech disorders and weakness
in the right limbs. History: coronary artery disease with cardiac arrhythmias. In neurological status: central monoparesis on the
Page 197 of 555
:
789. An 18-year-old man notices tingling about his ankles 2 weeks after an upper respiratory tract
fection. Within 2 days, he has weakness in dorsi[exion of both feet, and within 1 week he develops
oblems with walking. He has no loss of bladder or bowel control. His weakness progresses rapidly
er the ensuing week and necessitates his being placed on a ventilator to support his breathing. He is
adriplegic, but retains control of his eye movements. CSF studies reveal a protein content of greater
an 1 g/dL with a normal white cell count. There are no red blood cells in the CSF.
Tabes dorsalis
HTLV-I infection
790. Which of the following is usually not a symptom of MS:
fatigue
walking dimculty
problems with eyesight
peripheral nerves
791. Name the primary forms peripheral autonomic insuFciency
Raynaud's syndrome
erythromelalgia
orthostatic hypotension
angioedema
792. What syndromes are related to hypothalamic?
malignant syndrome exophthalmos
Morgagni-Stuart-Morel syndrome
Pickwick's syndrome
disorder syndrome thermoregulation
Page 198 of 555
:
793. Which of the following are typical for lesions of the corticospinal tract at the level of the thoracic spinal cord?
spastic tetraplegia
mixed tetraplegia
794. Trapezoid body is associated with
Auditory pathway
Visual pathway
Pyramidal pathway
Gustatory pathway
Extra- pyramidal pathway
795. What symptoms are not typical for the defeat of the lumbar enlargement:
urinary retention
796. Cranial nerve not carrying parasympathetic [bres
Fourth
Seventh
Third
Ninth
797. All of the spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system are classi[ed as
temporal nerves
sensory nerves
motor nerves
mixed nerves
Page 199 of 555
:
798. Most common nerve involved in an intracranial aneurysm is
Trochlear
VII
VIII
Oculomotor
799. Branches of facial nerve are
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Posterior auricular
All of the above
800. A 26-year-old patient developed sharp headache of the type of "blow" to the head, nausea, vomiting, photophobia.
Objectively: during the examination there was a convulsive syndrome, shell signs are positive, cranial nerves are unchanged,
paresis No. Liquor - millions of erythrocytes, Pandey reaction, benzidine test positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere
801. Patient S., aged 22, suddenly lost consciousness, developed convulsive [t. In the neurological status: stupor, divergent
strabismus, no paresis was found. Tendon reVexes S=D, live. Muscle stiffness occiput +4 cm. Kernig's syndrome is positive on
both sides. Which most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
Page 200 of 555
:
802. A 51-year-old patient has been working as an electric welder for 20 years. For the last six months, he has become worse at
work due to pronounced slowness. Neurological examination revealed: a mask-like face, quiet monotonous speech, bilateral
muscle rigidity. MRI of the brain revealed no pathology.
Parkinson's disease
Dyscirculatory encephalopathy stage II
Vascular Parkinsonism
Toxic Manganese Parkinsonism
Toxic asthenia
803. A 50-year-old patient developed dizziness, nausea, vomit. On examination: BP 110/70 mm Hg, Ps 82 beats/min, rhythmic.
Horizontal, large-scale nystagmus in both directions, deviation tongue to the right, deep reVexes S=D, animated. Intention
tremor when performing coordinating tests. There are no meningeal signs. Focal symptoms regressed within 30 minutes. On CT
scan for signs of focal no pathology was found. What is the most likely diagnosis?
804. All the following muscles are innervated by the facial nerve except
Occipito- frontalis
Anterior belly of digastrics
Risorius
Procerus
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Page 201 of 555
:
806. In facial palsy the muscle which is paralysed is
Levator palpebrae superioris
Orbicularis oculi
Constrictor pupil
Dilator pupil
807. Lacrimation does not occur when facial nerve injury is at
Geniculate ganglion
In semicircular canal
At sphenopalatine ganglia
At mastoid foramen
808. Dysphasia suggests the impairment of:
speech
gait
swallowing
movement
809. Efferent [bres of Amygdaloid nucleus are called as
Lamina terminalis
Stria terminalis
Stria medullaris
Alvenus
810. Name the signs of damage to the parietal lobe:
alexia
agraphia
apraxia, acalculia
hemiparesis
Page 202 of 555
:
811. Nerve supply of the tympanic membrane is by the
Auriculotemporal
Lesser occipital
Greater occipital
Parasympathetic ganglion
812. What symptoms are not typical for the onset of multiple sclerosis?
neurotic disorders
pyramidal symptoms
sensory disorders
813. Hypoglossal nerve crosses loop of which of the arteries
External carotid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal
814. The sequence of divisions of the autonomic nervous system:
815. Central paresis of the left hand occurs when the focus is localized
in the upper sections of the anterior central gyrus on the left
in the lower parts of the anterior central gyrus on the left
in the posterior thigh of the internal capsule
in the middle section of the anterior central gyrus on the right
Page 203 of 555
:
816. Intracerebral hemorrhage:
develops slowly
develops suddenly
develops imperceptibly for the patient
817. With cerebral infarction in the basin of the posterior cerebral artery, everything is characteristic
sted, except:
motor aphasia
visual agnosia
homonymous quadrant hemianopsia
metamorphopsia
818. Mandibular nerve supplies
Anterior belly of digastic, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor palatini
Posterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid.
Stapes, melleus and incus.
Anterior belly of digastric
819. What characterizes choreiform hyperkinesia?
erratic involuntary movements that occur in various parts of the body
worm-like movements in the distal parts of the arms
ataxia
Page 204 of 555
:
820. A 72-year-old man comes to the physician with his son for a follow-up examination. The son reports that his father's
mental status has declined since the previous visit when he was diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia. The patient often begins
tasks and forgets what he was doing. He has increased trouble remembering events that occurred the day before and
sometimes forgets names of common household objects. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. His current medications
include lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atorvastatin, and donepezil. He is confused and oriented only to person. He is unable to
count serial sevens backward from 100. He is able to register 3 items but unable to recall them 5 minutes later. Which of the
following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Risperidone
Ginkgo biloba
Memantine
821. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing painful diabetic neuropathy except?
Poor glycemic control
Short duration of disease
Well controlled HbA1C
Low carbohydrate diet
822. Specify the internal organs innervated from the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi:
transverse colon
esophagus
sigmoid colon
no correct answer
823. What studies are needed to identify meningeal syndrome:
lumbar puncture and general analysis of cerebrospinal [uid
EMG
CT, MRI of the brain
EEG
Page 205 of 555
:
824. A 67-year-old patient with a myocardial infarction after an emotional load suddenly appeared weakness in the left limbs,
violations speech. Objectively: BP 130/80 mm Hg. dysphonia, elements of dysarthria, dysphagia, no pharyngeal reVex,
contralateral hemiparesis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
cerebral ischemic stroke in the brain stem
cerebral ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere
hypertensive encephalopathy
825. A 26-year-old man has a loss of deep types of sensitivity with Th5 level on the right. Where is the lesion localized?
Anterior horns at Th5 on the right
Anterior white spike at Th5
Rear horns at Th5 level on the left
Sidetracks at Th5 on the left
Rear trunks at Th5 on the right
826. Parkinson's disease is a disease:
monogenic
multifactorial
viral
toxic
congenital
827. A 33-year-old man is noted to have exacerbations of weakness. He is diagnosed with MS. Which of the following [ndings
is consistent with the diagnosis?
The diagnosis of MS is based on clinical lesions separated by time and space
Oligo bands in the CSF are speciUc for multiple sclerosis
Steroids are effective in improving the course of disease
This is a genetic disorder well characterized on chromosome 11
Page 206 of 555
:
828. Parkinsonism includes combination of the following:
tremor, bradykinesia & muscles rigidity
paresis, anesthesia & muscles spasticity
chorea & muscles hypotonia
tremor, ataxia & muscles hypotonia
829. What symptoms are most typical for the onset of multiple sclerosis?
pyramidal symptoms
sensory disorders
decreased intelligence
violation of the functions of the pelvic organs
temperature is 37.1
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
831. A 45-year-old man with history of embolic stroke 1 year ago presents with a generalized seizure. Which of the following is
the most likely best choice?
Seizures are likely to continue to occur in this individual
Embolic strokes require a patent foramen ovale
This patient likely has a partial seizure disorder
This patient likely has diabetes
Page 207 of 555
:
832. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) can be fatal in < 2% of patients; however, most patients with GBS improve over a period of a
few months. Some patients experience residual weakness that may require retraining, use of orthopedic appliances, or even
surgery. Which of the following best represents the approximate percentage of adults with GBS who experience residual defects
3 years post diagnosis?
10%
20%
30%
40%
833. What diagnostic methods can reveal demyelination foci in multiple sclerosis?
magnetic resonance imaging
angiography
echoencephaloscopy
834. Following are the functional components of facial nerve EXCEPT
Special somatic afferent
835. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by which of the following diagnostic [ndings?
oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal [uid
increased N-acetyl aspartate with MR spectroscopy
abnormal peripheral nerve conduction by electromyograph (EMG)/nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies
meningeal enhancement on contrast MRI of brain
Page 208 of 555
:
836. All of the following is true of facial nerve except
Supplies motors branches to the muscles of facial expression
It has no sensory component
The muscles of the eyelid will be spared in upper motor neuron lesions
It is a nerve of 2nd arch
837. Sensory [bres from the taste buds in the bard and soft palate travel along
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
838. Maxillary nerve innervates all of the following EXCEPT
Ala of nose by lower eyelid
Upper cheeks
Gingivae of maxilla
TMJ
temperature is 37.1
Vitamin B12
Riluzole
Corticosteroids
840. Neuropathy of the accessory nerve is characterized by:
drooping of the scapula
weight loss of neck muscles
dimculty swallowing
A and B are correct
Page 209 of 555
:
841. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes
the headache as a
Carbamazepine therapy
Sumatriptan therapy
Ibuprofen therapy
Corticosteroids
842. A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after he was found shaking violently on the
bathroom Voor. His wife reports that he has become increasingly confused over the past 2 days and that he has been sleeping
more than usual. He was started on chemotherapy 4 months ago for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. He is confused and oriented
to person only. Neurological examination shows right-sided ptosis and diffuse hyperreVexia. An MRI of the brain shows
disseminated, nonenhancing white matter lesions with no mass effect. A polymerase chain reaction assay of the cerebrospinal
Vuid con[rms infection with a virus that has double-stranded, circular DNA. An antineoplastic drug with which of the following
mechanisms of action is most likely responsible for this patient's current condition
Free radical formation
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Topoisomerase II inhibitor
Monoclonal antibody against EGFR
Monoclonal antibody against CD20
843. What formations are classi[ed as striatum?
caudate nucleus
black substance
subthalamic nucleus of Lewis
red nuclei
844. Superior rectus is supplied by which cranial nerve
Superior division of 3rd nerve
Abducent nerve
Trochlear nerve
Page 210 of 555
:
845. A 54-year-old woman, a kindergarten teacher, went to the polyclinic to see a neurologist. Complaints of severe, stabbing
pain in the right half of the chest, aggravated by movement, and therefore, was hospitalized in the surgical department.
Ultrasound of the internal organs and biochemical blood tests did not reveal any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Give
this patient a preliminary diagnosis?
Endocarditis
Plexopathy
Neuralgia of the axillary nerve
Intercostal neuralgia
846. Peripheral nervous system of human has ___________ pairs of spinal nerves.
21
11
31
12
847. The main pathogenetic mechanism of neuromuscular transmission disorders in myasthenia gravis is:
presynaptic blockade of Ca release
postsynaptic blockade of Acetylholyne receptors
excessive release of cholinesterase
damage to the motor nerve ending
deUciency of muscle protein-dystrophin
848. - Vegetative nodes (ganglia);
849. The centers of the sympathetic nervous system are located in:
lateral horns of the spinal cord
brain stem
Page 211 of 555
:
850. What groups of drugs are used to treat acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?
corticosteroids
thyroid-stimulating hormones
antihypoxants
nootropics
851. What nerves is formed from solar plexus?
vagus nerve, greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
median nerve
phrenic nerve
sciatic nerve
852. What is the localization of the pathological process if the patient has spastic tetraparesis and atrophy of the trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid muscles?
upper cervical region of the spinal cord
C5-Th2 segments
medulla oblongata
thalamus
853. What is the drug of choice for the neurobrucellosis treatment?
Doxycycline
Penicillin
Galantamine
Ceftriaxone
Page 212 of 555
:
854. Parkinsonism is characterized by the following speech disorders:
Mutism
Aphasia
Scanned speech
Dysarthria
Quiet, monotonous speech
855. Parkinsonism is not typical for:
Quiet monotonous speech
Oligokinesia
Out of [exors
Muscular hypotension
Static tremor
856. Damage to the cerebral cortex is characterized by:
tetraparesis
fasciculation
muscle atrophy
monoparesis
857. Meningeal syndrome includes groups of symptoms:
decreased visual acuity
tension.
muscular-tonic.
pathological re[exes.
Page 213 of 555
:
858. A reliable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can be made if there is presence of _______________ except?
two exacerbations of diseases
at least two clinical foci
foci of demyelination on magnetic resonance imaging
859. A 38-year-old patient suffers from chronic tonsillitis, suffered from a sore throat a month ago, complains of paroxysmal
pain in the upper part of her face, in the upper jaw on the right. Objectively: hyperesthesia of the upper 2/3 of the face, pain in
the supra- and infraorbital points, the corneal reVex is enhanced on the right, there are no pathological reVexes. Make a
preliminary diagnosis.
Sluder syndrome
Neuralgia of the Urst and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Neuritis of the Urst and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Arthritis of the right mandibular joint
860. First branch of facial nerve is
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius
Lesser superUcial petrosal N
Greater superUcial petrosal N
861. A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient exhibited an unsteady "drunk
like" gait and the physician noted that he swayed while entering the examination room. Which region of the cerebellum was
most likely affected by the bleed?
Hemispheres of the anterior lobe
Hemisphere of the posterior lobe
Interposed nuclei
Dentate nucleus
Flocculonodular lobe
Page 214 of 555
:
862. The patient is con[rmed to have multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the best therapy for his condition?
immunoglobulin therapy
interferon beta 1a
hypothermic therapy
863. A 21-year-old college student studying for [nal examinations complains of recurrent right temple pain, preceded by
Vashing lights, and followed by nausea lasting 3
Subarachnoid headache
Post-LP headache
Migraine with aura
Migraine without aura
864. The patient was delivered to the emergency room with suspected cerebral ischemic cardioembolic stroke. Decide on
tactics examinations.
general clinical examinations, CT, ultrasound, oculist consultation
general clinical tests, EEG, REG, ultrasound, neurosurgeon's consultation
general clinical examinations, ultrasound, echo-EG, EEG, REG
general clinical examinations, CT, neurosurgeon's consultation.
general clinical tests, CSF puncture, CT, ultrasound, angiography, therapist consultation
865. Specify the anatomical structures related to the central division of the autonomic nervous system:
superior salivary nucleus
nuclei parasympathici sacrales
nucleus accessorius
no correct answer
Page 215 of 555
:
866. A 40-year-old woman comes into the physician
Initiate beta-blocker
Substitute aspirin for acetaminophen (Tylenol)
CT imaging of the head
Psychiatric evaluation
867. A 15-year-old girl with diphtheria developed pain and numbness in arms and legs; violation of all types of sensitivity in the
distal
rts of the arms and legs. What type of sensory disturbance does the patient have?
Mononeuritic
Polyneuritic
Conduction spinal
Conduction cerebral
Segmental
868. The following movement disorders are typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
ataxia
akinesis
paresis
athetosis
869. The presence of ptosis suggests damage to cranial nerve:
IV
III
VII
Page 216 of 555
:
870. Patient, 55 years old, hypertensive, complains of headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness in the right leg. Objectively: BP
210/120 mm Hg, Ps 95 bpm Contact is diFcult due to aphatic disorders, anisocoria, central monoparesis on the right,
dissociated hemiparesis, in the leg plegia, light in the hand, right-sided hemihypalgesia. In a day meningeal symptoms
appeared. What is the most likely diagnosis?
871. All neurological symptoms are revealed in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, except?
general symptoms
cerebellar symptoms
meningeal symptoms
hypokinetic-hypertensive syndrome
damage to the cranial nerves
872. The proprioceptive impulses from muscles of facial expression travel through branches of
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
None of the above
873. What process is characterized by the following composition of cerebrospinal Vuid: pressure increased, cloudy, protein
increased, neutrophilic pleocytosis, sugar reduced:
bacterial meningitis.
arachnoiditis.
epidemic encephalitis.
poliomyelitis.
Page 217 of 555
:
874. If Jessica accidentally touches the stove while cooking and she immediately pulls her hand back, this is an example of the
WHAT nervous system?
Autonomic
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
875. A 28-year-old patient during examination reveals a slowdown in psychomotor processes, weak attention span,
carelessness, apathy, diFculty in counting and reading, which began to be observed for a month. From the anamnesis: drug
abuser. In CSF: lymphocytic pleocytosis, moderate increase in protein, high titer of antibodies to HIV. Your preliminary
diagnosis:
HIV associated dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Peak Disease
Multiple sclerosis
Residual Encephalopathy
876. A 55-year-old patient has high BP values of 220/120 mm Hg. headache, vomiting, profuse sweat, hyperemia of the skin,
changing to cyanosis. Objectively: coma, Voating eye movements apples, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, hyperthermia up to 39C.
Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
877. Sensory nerve supply of the middle ear cavity is provided by
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Trigeminal
Vagus
Page 218 of 555
:
serological
coagulogram
879. The main clinical manifestations of Parkinson
ataxia
hyperkinesis
hypotension
880. A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of progressive numbness and weakness in her left
arm and left leg for 2 days. During this period, she has also had urinary urgency and incontinence. Three months ago, she had
blurry vision, diFculty distinguishing colors, and headache for one week, all of which have since resolved. Her temperature is
37
Myasthenia gravis
Multiple sclerosis
Viral meningitis
881. What is the main mechanism of Parkinson's disease?
an increase in the amount of dopamine in the substantia nigra
a decrease in the amount of dopamine in the substantia nigra
a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine in the striatum
an increase in the amount of acetylcholine in the striatum
Page 219 of 555
:
882. A 64-year-old male comes to a neurologist with an 11-month history of progressive weakness. He [rst noticed weakness
of his right hand with diFculty holding onto things. This progressed to right shoulder and upper arm weakness, with diFculty
raising his arm above his head or carrying things. The patient
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Ischemic Stroke
883. A 70-year-old patient woke up in the morning and noticed that he had no movements in the right limbs and impaired
sensitivity in the right half of the body. From the anamnesis: the patient has been suffering from cerebral atherosclerosis,
arterial hypotension. Objectively: skin pale, covered with cold clammy sweat. BP 90/60 mm Hg, Ps 60 beats / min., rhythmic,
weak [lling. Right-sided monoparesis, deviation of the tongue to the right. Active movements in the right limbs missing. Tendon
reVexes on the right above, Babinsky's symptom on right. There are no meningeal signs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
884. The following type of sensory impairment occurs when the posterior horn of the spinal cord is damaged:
segmental-dissociated
polyneuropathic
conductive
cerebral
neural
885. Stapedius muscle is supplied by
Facial
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Trochlear
Page 220 of 555
:
886. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes
the headache as a
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
887. The presence of dysphagia suggests damage to cranial nerves:
V-VII
IX-X
VII-XI
III-VI
888. What are the manifestations of vago-insular crisis?
tachycardia
increased blood pressure
dizziness, polyuria
fear, anxiety
889. Defeat of the following anatomical formation causes a positive symptom of Lasegue:
femoral nerve
sciatic nerve
spinal root L2
spinal root L3
spinal root S3
Page 221 of 555
:
890. Smiling and frowning are actions produced by the following nerves
Mastication trigeminal (V cranial)
Mastication facial (VII cranial)
Facial expression trigeminal (V cranial)
Facial expression facial (VII cranial)
891. Damage to the anterior roots of the spinal cord is characterized by:
anesthesia
central tetraplegia
peripheral paralysis
hemiparesis
892. The spinocerebellum contains the...
vermis and intermediate zone of the anterior and posterior lobes
Vermal and [occular parts of the [occulonodular lobe
Lateral portions of the cerebellum
Posterior lobe and interposed nuclei
893. What changes occur in patient with Claude Bernard Horner syndrome?
ptosis
miosis
enophthalmos
Page 222 of 555
:
894. Patient , 66 years old, suffers from cerebral atherosclerosis, IHD. In the morning,after sleep weakened the left limbs. In the
anamnesis: repeatedly TIA. Objectively: BP 140/90 mm Hg, Ps 84 beats/min, rhythmic, smoothed left nasolabial fold, no active
movements in the left limbs, left-sided hemihypesthesia, pathological reVexes are positive left. Liquor is transparent. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
895. A 33-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis is brought to the physician because of dizziness, urinary
incontinence, loss of vision in her right eye, and numbness and weakness of the left leg. She has had recurrent episodes of
neurological symptoms despite several changes in her medication regimen. An MRI of the brain shows several new enhancing
lesions in the periventricular white matter and the brainstem. Treatment with a drug that binds to CD52 is initiated. Which of the
following agents was most likely prescribed?
Eculizumab
Bevacizumab
Alemtuzumab
Basiliximab
Rituximab
Omalizumab
896. To identify a block of subarachnoid space apply the following tests:
Barre.
Stukey.
Rinne.
Romberg.
Page 223 of 555
:
897. Uncertainty and unsteadiness when walking in the dark and with good lighting characteristic of ataxia:
Dynamic cerebellar
Sensitive
vestibular
Static-locomotor cerebellar
Cortical (frontal)
symptoms?
Paresthesias
Spasticity
Urinary retention
899. A 21-year-old college student was found walking around his dormitory naked. He is disoriented, inattentive, and shows
poor comprehension. In the emergency room he is found to have a fever of
900. Following are the direct branches of the vagus nerve;
Carotid, superior laryngeal, internal laryngeal and left recurrent laryngeal
Auricular, carotid, superior laryngeal, right recurrent, cardia
Sup laryngeal, internal laryngeal, left recurrent laryngeal, cardia
Meningeal, auricular, left recurrent laryngeal
901. The pathological reVexes of the extensor group include:
Marinescu-Radovich
Babinskiy
Neri
Zhukovsky
Page 224 of 555
:
902. The entire optic nerve is enclosed in
Dura mater
Dura and arachnoid mater
All the three meningeal layers
Has no meningeal covering
903. With damage to the pyramidal tract at the level of the pons of the brain on the right, there is:
right hemiplegia
left hemiplegia
left-sided alternating hemiplegia
upper monoplegia on the left
904. Injury of VI cranial nerve results in
Medial convergent squint
Lateral divergent squint
Paralysis of medial rectus muscle
Paralysis of superior oblique muscle.
905. The [bers from trigeminal principal sensory nucleus reach the thalamus and form the
Medial lemniscus
Trigeminal lemniscus
Neo-trigemino thalamic tract
Trigemino-reticulo-thalamic pathway
906. Indicate the symptom that occurs in the fundus of the eye in cerebrospinal Vuid hypertensive syndrome:
primary optic disc atrophy
goon sign
chorioretinitis
congestive optic discs
salus sign
Page 225 of 555
:
907. Violation of coordination and balance is called:
adiadochokinesis
dysmetria
paresis
ataxia
plegia
908. What are the main functions of the cerebellum:
Coordination of movements
Regulation of muscle tone
Equilibrium
909. A 28-year-old man complains of loss of vision to his right eye. The examination suggests optic neuritis. Which of the
following conditions is most likely to be associated?
Sjugren syndrome
In[uenza A virus infection
diabetes mellitus
syphilis
910. Afferent sensation from the lower molar teeth is carried by
Facial nerve
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal
Page 226 of 555
:
911. Following several days of low-grade fever and mild neck and head pain, a 10-year-old boy
velops bilateral face drooping and dimculty fully closing his eyes. Serum is positive for Borrelia
rgdorferi IgM. CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is also positive for this organism
ter B burgdorferi is introduced by the tick that carries it, the skin around the bite develops which of the following?
An exfoliative dermatitis
Purpura
Localized edema
Erythema chronicum migrans
Vesicular lesions
912. Select the symptoms of damage to the median nerve?
"Mo"key brush". "ain, paresthesia and hyperesthesia in the zone of innervation.
"Dangling" or "falling hand." Hypesthesia in the zone of innervation.
"Claw brush". Holding objects between 1 and 2 Ungers is dimcult.
Pain in the groin, radiating to the lumbar region and thigh.
Paresthetic myalgia (Roth-Bernhardt disease)
913. Which age group is MS most likely to strike?
children under 12
teens
adults ages 20 to 40
adults age 65 and older
914. Based on clinical trial evidence, which of the following treatments is most effective for an acute relapse?
corticosteroids
plasma exchange
interferon beta
disease modifying therapy
Page 227 of 555
:
915. What disorders will occur when lumbar segment injury spinal cord?
urinary retention
occasional urinary incontinence
dysuria
916. Facial nerve has
Motor root only
Motor and sensory root
Motor and sympathetic root
Motor, sympathetic and parasympathetic
MRI
EMG
EEG
Lumbar puncture
918. In what structures of the extrapyramidal system is dopamine synthesized?
red nuclei
substantia nigra
reticular formation
globus pallidus
striatum
Page 228 of 555
:
919. When the spinal cord is damaged at the level of Th 5- Th 10 segments of the spinal cord, the following movement
disorders occur:
left-sided [accid monoplegia
tetraplegia
920. Which one of the following is seen in facial palsy
Drooping of eyelid
Loss of taste sensation in anterior 2/3 of tongue
Excess of saliva secretion
Loss of general sensation in check
921. Dorello
Middle meningeal artery
Mandibular nerve
Superior alveolar branch of maxillary
Abducent nerve
922. A 12-year-old boy has left body weakness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
veals a polycystic lesion. The parasitic brain lesion most likely to have a large cyst containing
merous daughter cysts is that associated with which of the following?
Taenia solium
Schistosoma haematobium
Echinococcus granulosa
Diphyllobothrium latum
Schistosoma japonicum
Page 229 of 555
:
923. Lesion of cranial part of XI nerve cause paralysis of
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Trapezius muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Pharyngeal constrictors
924. Specify the anatomical structures through which nerve impulses pass from the sympathetic nucleus of the spinal cord to
the parotid gland:
rami communicantes albi
rami interganglionares
no correct answer
925. Which blood test can con[rm neuro brucellosis?
Wasserman reaction
ELISA
Pandy reaction
Serum tube agglutination (STA)
MRI
EMG
EEG
Lumbar puncture
Page 230 of 555
:
927. A 78-year-old patient was brought to the clinic from home. According to the attendants relatives known that this afternoon
suddenly weakened rights limbs, ceased to speak and understand the addressed speech. In history - long-term arterial
hypertension. On examination: shallow stupor, neck muscle stiffness, Kernig's sign positive from two sides, right-sided deep
hemiparesis with plegia in the arm, muscular the tone in the right limbs is increased according to the spastic type, the symptom
Babinsky on the right. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere
928. The main mechanism of the occurrence of hyperkinetic hypotonic syndrome
increased activity of the cholinergic system
increased activity of the adrenergic system
decreased activity of the adrenergic system
929. Construct a syndrome of lesions of the motor pathways in the lumbar enlargement:
are[exia
paraparesis
1,2,4 options
Page 231 of 555
:
931. Which of the following is innervated by the vagus nerve
The levator veli palatini
Posterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor veli palatini
932. For the defeat of the internal capsule is not typical:
central hemiplegia
hemianesthesia
hemianopsia
hyperkinesis
933. The main symptom of the ocular form of myasthenia gravis is:
violation of pupillary reactions
Kaiser-Fleischer rings
exophthalmos
diplopia and ptosis
blindness
934. What groups of drugs reduce parasympathetic tone?
neuroleptics
antispasmodics
tranquilizers
antihistamines
Page 232 of 555
:
936. Peripheral nerve damage results in:
muscle hypotrophy
increased re[exes
increased muscle tone in the "clasp-knife" type
937. The ganglion which is associated with the occulomotor nerve is
Optic ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Superior cervical ganglion
None of the above
938. A 68-year-old patient complains of severe muscle fatigue in the proximal parts of the arms and legs. The doctor suspected
myasthenic Lambert-Eaton syndrome.
lect the examination from which it is advisable to start the additional examination of this patient:
CT scan of the anterior mediastinum
CT scan of the lungs
MRI of the brain
determination of the level of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors
muscle biopsy
Page 233 of 555
:
939. What psychopathological changes are characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
"chronic fatigue" syndrome
decreased intelligence
emotional instability
940. What is related to secondary neuroAIDS?
Vascular Neuro AIDS
HIV-associated myelopathy
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
Lyme Disease
941. Dysdiadokinesia refers to which of the following?
Inability to perform the Tandem-Gait test
Inability to stand without swaying with eyes open
Inability to control distance, power or speed of a movement
Inability to control vestibulo-ocular re[exes
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements with the hands
942. Following is the cranial nerve nucleus in the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus
Sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Motor nucleus of occulomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of Trochlear nerve
943. The patient is affected by the upper part of the anterior central gyrus on the right, he notes:
Page 234 of 555
:
944. A 56-year-old patient, after active physical activity, felt a headache. pain, fell, lost consciousness. From the anamnesis: 20
years old suffers from hypertension disease. Objectively: BP 200/110 mm Hg, temperature 37.2?
serous meningitis
945. James is a 65-year-old man who woke one day with severe pain on the right side of his face. The pain, which seemed to
tear through his face like a lightning bolt, lasted only a few seconds, but then returned. For weeks, he had been experiencing
dozens of these excruciating electrical shock-like attacks. James could no longer shave the right side of his face, brush his
teeth, chew foods or talk for any length of time without triggering the repeated jolts of pain. He could not even tolerate a light
breeze blowing across his face. James' dentist could [nd no problems with his teeth or jaw and over-the-counter pain relievers
provided no bene[t. What is the diagnosis?
otitis media
mastoiditis
optic neuritis
946. The main manifestations of thrombosis of the internal carotid artery include:
Weber's Alternating Syndrome
blindness or decreased vision on the opposite side
contralateral hemiparesis and blindness on the thrombotic side
Hemiplegia or hemiparesis on the side of thrombosis
hemihypesthesia on the side of tormbosis
947. Which of the following cranial nerves present in the posterior fossa
3rd to 12th
4th to 12th
5th to 12th
6th to 12th
Page 235 of 555
:
948. Specify the peripheral nodes belonging to the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system:
ganglia intramuralia
ganglia prevertebralia
ganglia paraorgana
correct a and b
949. True about vestibular nerve-PGI June 07
Nucleus is supplied by PICA
Anastomotic connection with facial nerve
Vestibular ganglion also called scarpa
Connection with trigeminal nerve
950. In the peripheral nervous system, the nerves that arise from brain are called
frontal nerves
temporal nerves
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
951. External laryngeal nerve supplies following muscle
Sternothyroid
Cricothyroid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
it is found in the posterior cranial fossa.
it is a part of brainstem.
it is separated from the occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli.
it is responsible for coordination.
Page 236 of 555
:
953. With damage to the lateral column on the right at the level of Th5 - Th10 segments of the spinal cord, the following
movement disorders occur:
lower spastic monoplegia on the right
954. What are the symptoms of damage to the thalamus on the left:
hemiparesis on the right
hemihypesthesia on the left
motor aphasia
hemiataxia
955. Specify the anatomical structures through which nerve impulses pass from the parasympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord
to the rectum:
plexus pelvinus
lumbar plexus
lumbar splanchnic nerves
956. Root of auriculotemporal nerve embraces
The middle meningeal artery
The middle meningeal nerve
The otic ganglion
None of the above
thermoregulation
hormonal
Page 237 of 555
:
958. Demyelinating diseases of CNS are associated with:
multiple sclerosis
mutations that affect the synthesis or degradation of myelin lipids
viral infection
neither
the least common type of hemorrhagic stroke
the most common type of lacunar stroke
the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke
960. Nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by union of
Deep petrosal nerve with greater petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve with lesser petrosal nerve
Greater petrosal and lesser petrosal nerves
Greater petrosal and external petrosal nerves
961. The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies
Vocalis muscle
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Stylopharyngeus
962. The hypoglossal nerve supplies
All the intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue except hyoglossus
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
All the muscles of tongue and [oor of mouth
Page 238 of 555
:
963. What are the signs of damage to the internal capsule on the left:
hemiparesis on the left
hemihypoesthesia on the left
nystagmus
964. A patient has loss of sensation at angle of mandible (jaw) and parotid area. Which of the following nerve is most likely to
be injured
Mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
965. Mrs. S is a 34-year-old female who works as a secretary at a law [rm and spends 80% of the day sitting in front of a
computer screen. Mrs. S complains of trouble with speaking and drinking. Eye dryness has also made it diFcult for her to look
at a computer screen for extended periods of time. She was taken to the hospital after her husband thought she was having a
stroke due to a right-sided facial droop. The doctors ruled out stroke as a possible option and diagnosed her with Bell's Palsy. A
positive HSV1 test and a previous diagnosis of high blood pressure and diabetes helped establish the diagnosis. Mrs. S was
prescribed corticosteroids to reduce inVammation and swelling as well as ibuprofen for pain as needed. What is most likely
diagnosis?
Facial neuritis
Bell`s palsy
966. Man, 47 years old, worked near an open window. After 12 hours, he noted the appearance of a skewed face to the left, food
stuck between the right cheek and gums. Objectively: facial asymmetry, skin folds are smoothed on the right, the mouth is
pulled to the left, the corner of the mouth is lowered on the right and the nasolabial fold is smoothed, the right eye is wider than
the left, it waters and does not close, the right cheek sails. There is no other pathology. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myositis of the face
Facial hemispasm
Neuropathy of the facial nerve
Page 239 of 555
:
967. What are the etiological factors affecting the hypothalamus?
infections
traumatic brain injury
intoxication
in[ammatory diseases internal organs
vascular diseases of the brain
968. A 35-year-old woman who has received a liver transplant develops meningeal signs and fever.
rebrospinal [uid (CSF) testing with India ink stain reveals a fungal infection. Which of the
llowing is the cause of this patient
Aspergillus
Candida
Mucor
Cryptococcus
Rhizopus
969. The patient complains of numbness of the right limbs, doubling of objects before your eyes. Examination revealed
convergent strabismus, right-sided hemiparesis up to 3 points. There are no general symptoms. Liquor is transparent. Set the
diagnosis.
ischemic hemodynamic stroke stroke in the left hemisphere
ischemic cardioembolic stroke in the left hemisphere
chronic cerebrovascular accident in the brainstem brain
ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar basin
Page 240 of 555
:
970. Select the combination of signs and symptoms that best help to distinguish ADEM from a [rst attack MS.
oligoclonal bands in CSF, recurrent symptoms, positive vaccination history
positive vaccination history, lesions of the thalami, mental confusion
pleocytosis in CSF, recurrent symptoms, positive vaccination history
recent viral exposure, mental confusion, late ataxia
epineuria
dura mater
pia mater
endoneuria
972. ReVexes of oral automatism indicate damage to the tracts:
corticospinal
spinothalamic
fronto-ponto-cerebellar
rubrospinal
973. Clinical evaluation is the appropriate initial step in evaluating patients suspected of having a peripheral nervous system
disorder. A detailed history, including family history, is important as well as physical and neurologic examination to narrow
diagnostic possibilities. Once this clinical assessment is complete, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in
evaluation?
Biopsy of the affected nerves
Electrodiagnostic testing
Genetic testing
MRI of all limbs
Page 241 of 555
:
974. Following cranial nerve nucleus is present in the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Facial
975. What symptom is typical for cerebrovascular accident in basin of the anterior cerebral artery:
hemiplegia
hemianopsia
hemianesthesia of all types of sensitivity
hemiataxia
paresis of the lower extremities
976. A critical difference between myogenic processes and disorders of the neuromuscular junction is:
The Unding of fatigability with improvement after rest in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
Weakness of the ocular muscles only in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
Myogenic Undings on EMG
Elevated CPK in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders
977. Which of the following subtypes of ischemic stroke is not allocate?
atherothrombotic
hemodynamic
lacunar
cardioembolic
hemolytic
Page 242 of 555
:
978. An increase in the concentration of neutrophils over 1000 in 1 mm3 in the cerebrospinal Vuid indicates:
multiple sclerosis.
brain tumors.
tuberculous meningitis.
979. A young woman complains of intense dizziness, aggravated by a change in body position, accompanied by nausea,
repeated vomiting, unsteadiness when walking, weakness, numbness in right limbs. The above complaints developed acutely,
morning after sleep. From the anamnesis it is known that the patient has been suffering for many years rheumatism. Determine
the diagnosis:
ischemic stroke of the trunk, vestibular syndrome
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere
980. Concerning the circuitry between mossy [bers, climbing [bers and cells of the cerebellar cortex, which of the following
pairs both provide excitatory input?
Mossy Ubers & Purkinje cells
Purkinje cells & Golgi cells
Granule cell parallel Ubers & Mossy Ubers
Golgi cells & Climbing Ubers
Climbing Ubers & Basket cells
981. With central paralysis is not observed:
muscle hypotrophy
increased tendon re[exes
disorders of electrical excitability of nerves and muscles
Page 243 of 555
:
982. Specify branches originating from ganglion cervicothoracicum:
nervus cardiacus cervicalis medius
rami communicantes albi, Nervus vertebralis
983. To con[rm the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage use the following research method:
echoencephaloscopy
craniography and spondylography
rheoencephalography
cerebrospinal [uid examination
blood coagulogram
984. Taste sensation from tongue is not carried by
VII nerve
IX nerve
X nerve
V nerve
985. Which of the following are branch of facial nerve
Chorda tympani
Zygomatic nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Page 244 of 555
:
986. A 73-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because of increasing forgetfulness over the past 2 years.
Initially, she used to misplace keys and forget her dog's name or her phone number. Now, she often forgets about what she has
seen on television or read about the day before. She used to go for a walk every morning but stopped one month ago after she
became lost on her way back home. Her son has prevented her from cooking because she has had episodes of leaving the gas
stove oven on after cooking a meal. She becomes agitated when asked questions directly but is unconcerned when her son
reports her history and says he is overprotective of her. She has hypertension, coronary artery disease, and
hypercholesterolemia. Current medications include aspirin, enalapril, carvedilol, and atorvastatin. She is alert and oriented to
place and person but not to time. Vital signs are within normal limits. Short- and long-term memory de[cits are present. Her
speech rhythm is normal but is frequently interrupted as she thinks of words to frame her sentences. She makes multiple errors
while performing serial sevens. Her clock drawing is impaired and she draws 14 numbers. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
Lewy body dementia
Vascular dementia
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Alzheimer disease
987. A 32-year-old intravenous drug abuser presents with more than 2 weeks of left body weakness.
ain CT scan reveals several ring-enhancing lesions, and an HIV test is positive. Serological, CSF,
d MRI testing support the diagnosis of an obligate intracellular parasite. Which of the following is
e best treatment for HIV associated with this opportunistic infection?
Intravenous acyclovir
Neurosurgical removal of the lesions
Oral [uconazole
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Thiabendazole
988. To the basic treatment of acute cerebrovascular accidents includes all of the following except:
dehydration agents
prevention and treatment of respiratory failure
treatment of acute cardiovascular disorders
anticoagulants
normalization of systemic hemodynamics
Page 245 of 555
:
peripheral nerves
the spinal cord
the brainstem
the thalamus
990. A 55-year-old woman has progressive dementia over the past year. Within the past 3 months she has also developed
dysarthria, myoclonus, intention tremor, and hyperreVexia. CSF VDRL is
sitive. This patient
A response to penicillin treatment
An autoimmune reaction
An acute meningoencephalitis
A chronic meningoencephalitis
A chronic rhombencephalitis
991. Which of the following is least likely to cause choreiform movements?
polyarteritis nodosa
polycythaemia rubra vera
rheumatic fever
systemic lupus erythematosus
992. The following drug is used to conduct a pharmacological test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis:
acetylcholine
kalimin
prednisolone
prozerine
Ca channel blocker
Page 246 of 555
:
993. Branches of the ophthalmic division of the [fth cranial nerve leave the middle cranial fossa through the
Inferior orbital Ussure
Superior orbital Ussure
Lacrimal foramen
Orbital foramen
994. A 9-year-old boy presents with bilateral CN VII de[cits. Serum and CSF analysis suggests B
rgdorferi is the etiology. Which of the following medications is the most appropriate treatment?
Streptomycin
Ceftriaxone
Gentamicin
Isoniazid
Rifampin
995. Following is true about nucleus ambiguous except
Its functional component is special visceral efferent
It is situated in pons at the level of facial colliculus
It is connected with the ninth, tenth and eleventh cranial nerves
It is involved in the lateral medullary syndrome
996. Indicate, in case of damage, which part of the nervous system hemianesthesia, hemiataxia, hemianopsia:
Visual intersection
Medial loop
thalamus
Occipital cortex
Page 247 of 555
:
neck stiffness
Oppenheim's symptom
Neri's symptom
998. What are the manifestations of sympathalgia?
burning pain, paroxysmal pain
persistent pain
shooting pain
aggravated by cold
999. Paralysis to which nerve would cause diplopia on looking downwards
Oculomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Page 248 of 555
:
1000. A 41-year-old homosexual man is brought to medical attention by his partner because of
adache, sluggish mentation, and impaired ambulation worsening over the previous week. The
tient is known to be HIV seropositive, but has done well in the past and has not sought regular
dical attention. On examination, his responses are slow and he has some dimculty sustaining
tention. He has a right hemiparesis with increased re[exes on the right. Routine cell counts and
emistries are normal. A contrast head CT reveals several ring-enhancing lesions. Eventually,
rgical aspiration of one of the lesions reveals that they are abscesses. Abscesses in the brain most
ten develop from which of the following?
Hematogenous spread of infection
Penetrating head wounds
Superinfection of neoplastic foci
Dental trauma
Neurosurgical intervention
1001. A 45-year-old patient went to a neurologist in a polyclinic complaining of stitching, burning pains in the lower extremities,
shakiness when walking, and a feeling of "as if walking on cotton wool." In the neuro status, a decrease in knee and Achilles
reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. The foot is deformed. What is your preliminary
diagnosis?
Idiopathic epilepsy
Myasthenia gravis
Bell's palsy
Tabes Dorsalis
1002. The following possibility is impaired in a patient with sensitive ataxia:
make movements
make Une coordinated movements
feel the touch of the brush
feel the pricks of the needle
hear
Page 249 of 555
:
1003. The right facial nerve damage
There is paralysis of facial muscles
There is paralysisof of muscles of mastication
Paralysis of vocal cords
A and B
1004. A patient after a stroke developed a typical Wernicke-Mann posture with symptoms of left-sided hemiplegia. Where is the
lesion?
brain stem case
inner capsule on the left
precentral twist on the right
internal capsule on the right
1005. What mediator has an inhibitory inVuence on the parasympathetic division autonomic nervous system?
adrenaline
ergotamine
acetylcholine
atropine
1006. A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of double vision, diFculty climbing stairs, and
weakness when trying to brush her hair. She reports that these symptoms are worse after she exercises and disappear after she
rests for a few hours. Physical examination shows drooping of her right upper eyelid that worsens when the patient is asked to
gaze at the ceiling for 2 minutes. There is diminished motor strength in the upper extremities. The remainder of the examination
shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Myasthenia gravis
Multiple sclerosis
Page 250 of 555
:
1007. F (38.8
om physician orders a brain MRI and then decides to perform a lumbar puncture. Neuroimaging of
e brain before attempting a lumbar puncture is advisable in cases of acute encephalitis for which
e of the following reasons?
The diagnosis may be evident on the basis of MRI alone.
Massive edema in the temporal lobe may make herniation imminent.
The CT picture may determine whether a brain biopsy should be obtained.
Shunting of the ventricles is usually indicated, and the imaging studies are needed to direct the
acement of the shunt.
It may establish which pathology is responsible.
1008. The ansa cervicalis innerates which muscle
Mylohyoid
Cricothyroid
Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid
1009. Stimulations of which branch of vagus produces increase in appetite
Meningeal
Auricular
Pharyngeal
Cardiac
1010. Intracerebral hemorrhage most often occurs in patients with:
60 - 65 years
45 - 60 years
65 - 70 years
Page 251 of 555
:
1011. The pelvic splanchnic nerves are just such [bers of the parasympathetic nervous system:
postganglionic
preganglionic
1012. The damage to IX, X & XII cranial nerves produce:
bulbar palsy
pseudobulbar palsy
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Argyle-Robertson syndrome
1013. Parkinson's gait is characterized as:
Shuging, small steps
Spastic
Spastic-atactic
Hemiparetic
Stepage
1014. Bipolar neurons have ___________
Two axons
One axon and one dendrite
One axon and one presynaptic terminal
Two presynaptic terminals
1015. A 9-year-old boy is diagnosed with absence seizures. Which of the following would most likely best describes his
seizure episodes?
Tremulousness of the right arm in the absence of other movement disorder
Momentary lapses in awareness, accompanied by motionless staring and cessation of any ongoing activity
Alternate [exion and extension and rigidity of the arms and legs
Sudden loss of posture and falling unconscious to the [oor
Page 252 of 555
:
1016. Masseteric nerve is a branch of
Long buccal nerve
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Motor branch of the facial nerve
serous meningitis
1018. What functions does the ergotropic system?
increased blood pressure
lowering blood pressure
constriction of the bronchi
slow heart rate
increased intestinal peristalsis
Page 253 of 555
:
1019. Patient G.S.Z. 34 years old complained of double vision to the right, dizziness, unsteadiness when walking, weakness in
the legs.
amnesis morbi: ill for 2 years when, after a rest in the south, diplopia appeared when looking to the right. He was treated
permanently with improvement. During the last year, a single episode of diplopia, within a month the above complaints.
urological status: Higher brain functions are not impaired. Pupils D=S with a live reaction to light and accommodation. Does
not bring eyeballs to outside. Horizontal nystagmus and diplopia when looking in both directions. The face is symmetrical.
Tongue
w will you treat this patient?
interferon Beta
Natalizumab
Rituximab
Methylprednisolone
1020. The autonomic ganglion associated with lingual nerve is
Otic ganglion
Submandibular ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
None of the above
1021. A 61-year-old woman with a long history of type 2 diabetes is admitted to the hospital because of poorly controlled
disease. During her hospitalization she develops continuous tonic movements of her right arm and hand. A serum glucose is
measured as >600 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in management?
Noncontrast CT brain scan
Intravenous (IV) administration of lorazepam
Insulin drip and frequent serum glucose monitoring
Securing the airway
1022. What drugs should be prescribed patients to reduce parasympathetic tone?
cyclodol, atropine
ephedrine, pipolfen
caffeine
Page 254 of 555
:
1023. Cranial accessory nerve supplies
Sternomastoid
Trapezius
Splenius capitis
Soft palate
1024. Specify the anatomical structures through which nerve impulses pass from the sympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord to
the rectum:
inferior mesenteric plexus
inferior infraorbital plexus
lumbosacral plexus
no correct answer
1025. Specify the parasympathetic nodes on the head:
ganglion pterygopalatinum
paravertebral sympathetic ganglia
vegetative ganglia
intramuscular plexus
no correct answer
1026. A patient suffering from coronary artery disease for a long time suddenly developed left-sided monoparesis and right-
sided central hemiparesis with increased tendon reVexes and abnormal foot signs. Cerebrospinal Vuid - transparent in 3 test
tubes. Install diagnosis:
ischemic stroke in the brain stem, Miyar-Gubler syndrome
Page 255 of 555
:
1027. MS symptoms may be caused by:
damage to myelin (the sheath covering the nerve Ubers)
damage to axons (the nerve Ubers themselves)
both A&B
neither
1028. Cranial part of spinal accessory nerve supplies
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Superior constrictor
Styloglossus
1029. Damage to the spinal cord at the level of LI - SII leads to:
central paralysis of the upper limbs
peripheral paralysis of the lower extremities
no movement disorder
1030. Oculomotor nerve passes through
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Page 256 of 555
:
1031. A 75-year-old man developed sudden left sided numbness and weakness which was still present at the time of
assessment in the Emergency Department. He had been given 300mg aspirin orally by paramedics. His past medical history
comprised paroxysmal AF which had been DC cardioverted. He was not taking any regular medication. He was a right handed
driver with no other past medical history. On examination, he had objective reduced power on the left side of his body (4/5) but
no other abnormality. He was alert and orientated. His NIH Stroke Score was calculated to be 3. He was admitted to the Acute
Stroke Unit where an MRI scan of the brain revealed a right thalamic infarct. What is the next best step in management?
ambulatory ECG to look for paroxysmal AF
anticoagulation
aspirin 300mg od orally
carotid Doppler study
clopidogrel 75 mg od orally
1032. Patient R., 60 years old, suffering from a malignant course arterial hypertension, against the background of blood
pressure 280/110 mm Hg, there was dizziness with a sensation of rotation of objects, severe headache in neck and neck,
repeated vomiting. Objectively: dysarthria, there are no movement disorders, Hertwig-Magendie syndrome (divergence eyeballs
vertically), nystagmus, muscle hypotension, muscle stiffness occiput. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1033. What symptom is typical for the defeat of the occipital lobe?
astereognosia
apraxia
visual agnosia
autopagnosia
1034. What is typical for sensory damage from the cerebral cortex?
Violation of all types of sensitivity
Violation of sensitivity only at the level of the affected segment
Page 257 of 555
:
1035. A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for blurry vision and increased diFculty walking over the past month. He feels
very fatigued after watering his garden but feels better after taking a nap. He has not had any recent illness. He has smoked one
pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Examination shows drooping of the upper eyelids bilaterally and diminished motor strength
in the upper extremities. Sensation to light touch and deep tendon reVexes are intact. An x-ray of the chest shows low lung
volumes bilaterally. A drug with which of the following mechanisms of action is most appropriate for this patient?
Inhibition of muscarinic ACh receptor
Regeneration of acetylcholinesterase
Stimulation of D2 receptors
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
1036. All the cranial nerves provide innervations for the structures in the head and neck except one, that additionally supplies
the thorax and abdomen
Glossopharyngeal
Spinal accessory
Vagus
Hypoglossal
1037. In peripheral nervous system the nerves that arise from spinal cord and brain are called as _____________
Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Temporal nerves
Frontal nerves
1038. When diagnosing meningitis, which of the following [ndings is a key indicator of meningeal irritation?
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
Nuchal rigidity
Page 258 of 555
:
1039. The Hypoglossal nerve provides
Motor innervations to styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles only
Motor innervations to all the muscles of the tongue both intrinsic and extrinsic
Sensory innervations to the posterior third of the tongue
Sensory innervations to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
1040. Indicate in what area is pain localized in case of lumbar lesion?
Only on the back of the thigh
In the lower back with irradiation to the lower extremities
In the precordial region with irradiation between the shoulder blades
In the interscapular region without irradiation
In the upper back with irradiation to the upper extremities
1041. phenopalatine ganglion does not supply
Nasal mucosa
Sublingual gland
Ciliary ganglion
Palate
1042. To detect asynergy using the Babinsky test, the patient should be asked to
touch the tip of the nose with a Unger
perform rapid pronation-supination of outstretched arms
sit down from a supine position with arms crossed on the chest
standing, lean back
1043. What groups of drugs are used as pathogenetic therapy for multiple sclerosis?
antibiotics
corticosteroids
angioprotectors
antioxidants
Page 259 of 555
:
Trochlear
VII
VIII
Oculomotor
1045. Motor division of trigeminal nerve comes out from
Foramen spinousm
Foramen magnum
Foramen ovale
Foramen lacerum
1046. Which of following muscles is supplied by mandibular nerve
Stapedius
Buccinator
1047. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve passes through
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
1048. What disorders are possible with bilateral disruption of cortical connections with the spinal cord?
urinary retention
true incontinence of urine and feces
dysuria
Page 260 of 555
:
1049. Which of the following is not true about facial nerve
Secretomotor to submandibular gland
Large motor and small sensory root
Supplies anterior belly of digastric
Parasympathetic innervation to palatal and nasal glands
1050. A 43-year-old woman is diagnosed with acute lower extremity weakness caused by acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis. Which of the following is the best therapy for this condition?
Interferon 1b
Amantadine
Immunoglobulin therapy
1051. Which of the following signs are typical for lesions of the corticospinal tract at the level of the thoracic spinal cord?
spastic tetraplegia
mixed tetraplegia
1052. A 64-year-old patient was delivered by the SMP from home in an unconscious state. BP 230/120 mm Hg according to
relatives yesterday did not answer phone calls, this morning found lying on the Voor unconscious with traces of vomit. History
of hypertension for more than 15 years. The condition is severe, the skin is red, sticky sweat. Breath noisy, frequent, rhythmic.
The level of consciousness is coma. Muscle stiffness neck, positive Kernig's sign on both sides. The pupils are narrow, the
reaction to light is reduced, left-sided hemiparesis. Liquor - red with 3 test tubes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
Page 261 of 555
:
1053. Which of the following is not a branch of ophthalmic nerve?
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Medial ethmoidal
1054. A patient in the pediatric department has arrhythmic, rapid, involuntary movements of the upper and lower extremities,
torso. The child grimaces, sticks out his tongue, smacks his lips. Hypotension has been established. Where can the lesion be
located?
nucl. caudate
nucl.ruber
substancia nigra
paresis. In Liquor - millions of erythrocytes, Pandey reaction, benzidine test positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1056. Which of the following cells is found in peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Page 262 of 555
:
1057. Following cranial nerve nucleus is present at the site of facial colliculus
Facial
Abducens
reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. Direct Argil-Robertson Syndrome. The foot is
deformed. With lumbar puncture, signs of serous inVammation, as well as a positive Wasserman reaction, RIBT. What drugs are
indicated in this case?
Piracetam
Levodopa
Midokalm
Atorvastatin
Penicillin
1059. A 17-year-old girl presents initially with fever and progressive weakness. An extensive
urological evaluation including electromyography (EMG)/nerve conduction studies (NCS) suggests
motor neuron disease. The motor neuron disease most certainly traced to a virus is which of the
llowing?
Poliomyelitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Subacute human immunodeUciency virus (HIV) encephalomyelitis
Kuru
Page 263 of 555
:
1060. A 68-year-old patient was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, akinetic-rigid form. She has been ill for 4 years, takes
drugs from the group of dopamine receptor agonists. Recently, the condition has worsened, taking the drug 3 times a day does
not prevent a sudden increase in stiffness.
oose further tactics of patient management:
add combined L-DOPA + carbiDOPA
add anticholinergics
surgical stereotaxis
increase the dose of dopamine agonists
add L-DOPA
1061. Indications for surgical treatment of hemorrhagic stroke are:
severe disorders of vital functions
regression of neurological disorders
lowering high blood pressure
deep coma
appearance of dislocation symptoms
1062. What signs are prognostically favorable in multiple sclerosis?
onset of multiple sclerosis with retrobulbar neuritis
onset of multiple sclerosis with cerebellar symptoms
onset of multiple sclerosis with pyramidal symptoms
onset of multiple sclerosis with sensory disorders
Page 264 of 555
:
1063. A 68-year-old male with complaints of burning and tingling in both his feet that has been increasing in severity over the
past 9 months.
e patient has a past medical history of diabetes mellitus type 2 for which he has been treated with diet, exercise, and
Glucophage for the past 15 years. He admits that he does not always take his medication and he does not always check his
blood glucose.
rates his pain a 7/10 on a numeric rating scale. He states it is becoming more dimcult to wear his shoes because of the pain.
In addition, he notes that the pain is worse at night. He denies any foot ulcers.
e patient is a slightly obese male who appears in moderate distress. His blood pressure is 145/85 and his heart rate is 85. His
cardiac and respiratory examination is within normal limits. His abdomen is soft and non-tender, and he has normal active
bowel
at is this patient's likely diagnosis?
mononeuropathy of tibial nerve
radiculitis of L1-L5
peripheral diabetic mononeuropathy
peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy
1064. Myelin sheaths cover many nerve [bers in the central and peripheral nervous system, accelerating axonal transmission of
neural impulses. Demyelination interrupts nerve transmission. Which of the following has been identi[ed as the cause of
primary demyelinating disorders?
diet
infection
trauma
unknown
1065. Examination of a 40-year-old female patient revealed a dissociated segmental type of sensory disturbance on the left
hand. Which
d the patient develop a symptom?
Anesthesia of all types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
Anesthesia of deep types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
Paresthesia in the left arm
Fibrillation in the left arm
Anesthesia of superUcial types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
Page 265 of 555
:
1066. A 28-year-old woman complains of a feeling of "goosebumps" on her right hand, right side of the face. What are these
disorders called?
Paresis
Anesthesia
Hypoesthesia
Paresthesia
Hyperesthesia
1067. What urination disorders are typical for multiple sclerosis?
imperative urges
urinary retention
all are correct
1068. The patient was delivered to the emergency room with suspected cerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Determine the survey
tactics
general clinical tests, CSF puncture, CT, ultrasound, consultation Neurosurgeon
general clinical tests, ultrasound, echo-EG, EEG, REG
general clinical tests, CT, neurosurgeon's consultation
1069. 7th, 9th, 10th cranial nerves ends in
Nuclesus tractus solitairius
Nucleus ambiguous
Dorsal nucleus of vagus
Long tract of trigeminal nerve.
Page 266 of 555
:
1070. For the lesion of the internal capsule is characteristic:
hemiplegia on the opposite side
muscle atony
tetraparesis
peripheral paresis of the hand.
1071. A 35-year-old woman has double vision, which worsens when reading. The neurologist revealed partial ptosis on the
right, sharply increasing with a [xed look up. Clinically diagnosed myasthenia gravis.
oose an informative diagnostic method to conUrm the diagnosis:
MRI of the brain
analysis of cerebrospinal [uid
proserine test
1072. Which of the additional research methods are not used for diagnosis of vascular diseases of the brain:
echoencephaloscopy
computed tomography
doppler ultrasound
cerebral angiography
1073. What drugs will you prescribe a patient with Raynaud's disease?
metindol
reserpine
nicotinic acid
trental
1074. - Postganglionic [bers;
Page 267 of 555
:
1075. All are true of mandibular nerve EXCEPT
Sensory branch arises from anterior trunk
Muscles of mastication are innervated by branches of main trunk
Nerve to medial pterygoid arise from main trunk
Buccal nerve innverates buccinator muscle
1076. - Preganglionic [bers:
2, 4, 3, 1
3, 2, 1, 4
1, 4, 2, 3
1077. Which nerves does not arise from the medulla
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Dorsal horn of gray matter
1078. Lacrimal gland is supplied by which of the following ganglia
Otic ganglia
Ciliary ganglion
Spehnoplatine ganglion
Submandibular
1079. Middle superior alveolar nerve is a branch of
Mandibular nerve
Maxillary nerve
Lingual nerve
Facial nerve
Page 268 of 555
:
1080. Central paresis of the left arm and right leg indicates a lesion in the area:
brain stem
complete transverse lesion of C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord
pyramidal cross on the left side
left hemisphere
1081. Damage to what structures causes choreic hyperkinesis?
paleostriatum
neostriatum
medial globus pallidus
lateral globus pallidus
1082. A 66-year-old man comes to the physician because of tingling in his feet and diFculty walking for the past 2 months. He
says he has been tripping on sidewalks recently. He found a cut on his foot a month ago but has no knowledge of when it
occurred. Physical examination shows muscle weakness in both lower extremities and reduced lower limb reVexes. Babinski
sign is absent. There is reduced proprioception and sensation to touch in both feet and ankles. The patient has an ataxic gait
and Romberg test is positive. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
Polyneuropathy
Cauda equina syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Compressive myelopathy
Subacute combined degeneration
Tabes dorsalis
1083. How does the disease usually progress?
in a series of attacks and remissions
in a gradual decline of function with no remission
the disease does not get worse
all of the above
Page 269 of 555
:
1084. Multiple Sclerosis usually affects:
children
young Adult
old age
all ages
1085. A patient during work suddenly developed a severe headache with predominantly localized in the back of the head,
nausea, vomiting, short-term loss of consciousness. In neurological status: strabismus for counting of the right eyeball, general
hyperesthesia, stiff neck muscles, Kernig's sign on both sides. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1086. Peripheral paresis of the upper extremities is a syndrome of spinal cord injury at the level of:
C5-Th2 segments
C1-C4 segments
C1-C8 segments
Th5-Th10
1087. IX nerves enters submandibular region (b) lies deep to Hyoglossus muscle
A is true but IX N lies superUcial to hyoglossus
Both statements are false
Both statements are true
A is false and b is true
Page 270 of 555
:
1088. A patient having paralysis of Abducens nerve would have
Medial or convergent squint
Lateral or divergent squint
Diplopia on adduction
None of the above
1089. Which of the following is not true regarding trigeminal nerve
Roots of trirgeminal nerve are atattached to pons
It has 3 main divisons
Supplies duramaeter of middle cranial fossa
Trigeminal ganglion contributes to the sensory root only.
1090. A 67-year-old man was brought to the clinic by an ambulance. On examination right-sided central hemiparesis in the leg -
1 point, in the arm - 4 points, right-sided central monoparesis, deviation of the tongue to the right. At CSF analysis showed no
changes. CT
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, the posterior cerebral arteries
ischemic stroke in the brainstem
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, the channel of the anterior cerebral arteries
1091. Name the main etiological factors of multiple sclerosis:
genetic predisposition to damage to the immune system
persistent viral infection
mental stress
head and spine injuries
all are correct
Page 271 of 555
:
1092. What viruses can cause acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?
the measles virus
rubella virus
herpes simplex virus
rabies virus
1093. Indicate where the bodies of the [rst neurons of all types are localized sensitivity:
Intervertebral node
Visual thalamus
1094. A 48-year-old female patient diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, an ocular form, has thymoma. The ongoing therapy with
anticholinesterase drugs does not give a suFcient result.
oose the method of treatment with which it is advisable to start the correction of therapy in this case:
add corticosteroids
perform a thymectomy
add cytostatics
perform plasmapheresis
inject immunoglobulin
1095. What are some of the symptoms of MS?
blurred or double vision
muscle atrophy
presence of Ubrillations
all of the above
Page 272 of 555
:
1096. Name the synonyms of parkinsonism syndrome.
hypokinetic-hypertonic
hyperkinetic-hypotonic
ataxia
paralysis
1098. A patient came to the hospital with one side of the whole face paralysed. The face had become asymmetrical and drawn
up to the normal side; the affected side is motionless, articulation and speech are impaired. This would be case of
Supranuclear lesion of facial nerve
Infranuclear lesion of facial nerve
Lesion of trigeminal nerve
None of the above
1099. The following measures are used to stop myasthenic crisis:
plasmapheresis
hemosorption
hydrocortisone phonophoresis
the introduction of immunoglobulin
a and d are correct
Page 273 of 555
:
1100. Trauma to 1st cranial nerve results in
Anosmia
Aphagia
Paresis
A and C
1101. A 43- year old woman came with a large abscess in the middle of the right posterior triangle of the neck. The physician
incised and drained the abscess. Five days later the patient noticed the she could not extend her right hand above her head to
brush her hair. Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of additional harm
Damage to scalenus medius
Injury to suprascapular nerve
Cut to spinal part of accessory nerve
Spread to infection to shoulder joint
1102. The term
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Amygdaloid nucleus
1103. A 26-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of a 3-day history of tingling and weakness in the lower
extremities. Neurologic examination shows areVexia of the ankle and knee joints bilaterally. Motor strength is 1/5 in both lower
legs. Over the next 3 weeks, the patient's condition progresses to involve both upper extremities, and she requires ventilatory
support. Six weeks after admission, deep tendon reVexes are 1+ in the ankles, and she is able to wiggle her toes. Which of the
following is most likely responsible for the improvement in this patient's neurological status?
Synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters
Remyelination of peripheral nerves
Replication of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine
Lymphocytic inUltration in the endoneurium
Page 274 of 555
:
1104. The nuclei of the parasympathetic nervous system are part of the following cranial nerves:
oculomotor
trinity
wandering
1105. Where is the lesion localized in case of central paresis of mimic muscles?
Facial nerve root
Trigeminal nerve
Inferior precentral gyrus
Cortico-spinal tract
1106. The outVow of cerebrospinal Vuid is carried out using the following systems, except:
lymphatic systems
venous systems
abdominal aorta
arterial system
perineural and perivascular spaces
1107. Myelin formed by oligodendroglia in the CNS differs chemically and immunologically from that formed by Schwann cells
peripherally. Therefore, some myelin disorders affect the peripheral nerves and other disorders affect the CNS. Which of the
following myelin disorders primarily affects the peripheral nerves?
acute transverse myelitis
Guillain-Barr
Hurler syndrome
osmotic demyelination syndrome
chorea
atetosis
tremor
dystonia
Page 275 of 555
:
1109. A man suffering from arterial hypertension, on the background of BP 190/100 mm Hg, felt a headache, dizziness,
photophobia, nausea. In neurological status: severe meningeal syndrome, paresis, sensory disorders are absent. After
normalization blood pressure after 48 hours, the condition was completely restored. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere, the channel of the left middle cerebral artery
1110. Nerve supply to vocal cords is by
Superior laryngeal nerve
Internal and recurrent laryngeal nerve
"Monkey brush". Pain, paresthesia and hyperesthesia in the zone of innervation.
1112. All of the following are supplied by the facial nerve except
Lacrimal gland
Submandibular gland
Nasal gland
Parotid gland
Page 276 of 555
:
1113. Absence of lacrimation is seen in which nerve injury
Nasociliary nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Infraorbital/ Ethmoidal nerve
1114. What types of sensory endings, other than muscle spindles, convey information to the cerebellum via spinal cord tracts?
Golgi tendon organs
Mechanoreceptors
Both
Neither
1115. The nerve supplying submandibular gland is
IX
VII
XII
1116. What is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy?
autonomic neuropathy
focal neuropathy
peripheral neuropathy
proximal neuropathy
1117. Specify the anatomical formations that make up the solar plexus:
iliac-hypogastric nerve
vagus nerve
aorticoral ganglion
no correct answer
Page 277 of 555
:
1118. Indicate in what area is pain localized in case of lumbar ischialgia?
In the lower back with radiation to the lower extremities
1119. Patient G.I. 31 years old complained of headache arching character, general weakness, diplopia, numbness in the left half
of the body, awkwardness in the legs, imperative urge to urinate. Anamnesis morbi: She has been ill since October 1996, when
she complained of diplopia, which disappeared without treatment after 5 days. In December 1996, diplopia reappeared, the
patient began to notice unsteadiness when walking, weakness of the legs and a feeling of numbness in the left half of the body.
During the past year, there were 3 attacks.
urological status: Consciousness is clear, cognitive functions are not impaired. Horner's syndrome on the right, limited
movement of the eyeballs in both directions, horizontal nystagmus when looking to the left, vertical nystagmus when looking
up. Conver
at is your diagnosis?
ADEM
GBS
PML
MS
1120. A 62-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of 6 months of progressive weakness in her arms and legs.
During this time, she has also had diFculty swallowing and holding her head up. Examination shows pooling of oral secretions.
Muscle strength and tone are decreased in the upper extremities. Deep tendon reVexes are 1+ in the right upper and lower
extremities, 3+ in the left upper extremity, and 4+ in the left lower extremity. Sensation to light touch, pinprick, and vibration are
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Page 278 of 555
:
1121. A term denoting a violation of sensitivity in one half of the body:
hemiparesis
hemiplegia
hemiataxia
hemianesthesia
hemianopia
1122. spinal roots C5-C8 or radial nerve
1123. Through what pathways is the extrapyramidal system connected to the underlying structures of the CNS?
reticulospinal
rubrospinal
Flexig's tract
spinothalamic tract
1124. A patient has hemiparesis and hemianopsia on the left and prolapse of all types sensitivity (super[cial and deep) behind
the hemitype on the left. What
fected in the patient?
Right brain stem
Medial loop on the left
Inner capsule on the right
Right precentral twist
Optic tubercle on the right
1125. What visual disorders are most typical for multiple sclerosis?
scotomas
heteronymous hemianopia
Page 279 of 555
:
1126. Over the course of 6 months, a 50-year-old immigrant from Eastern Europe develops problems
th bladder control, an unsteady gait, and pain in his legs. On examination, it is determined that he
s absent deep tendon re[exes in his legs, markedly impaired vibration sense in his feet, and a
sitive Romberg sign. Despite his complaint of unsteady gait, he has no problems with rapid
ternating movement of the feet, and no tremors are evident. He has normal leg strength. The pain in
s legs is sharp, stabbing, and paroxysmal. His serum glucose and glycohemoglobin levels are
rmal.
Tabes dorsalis
HTLV-I infection
1127. Injury to motor divison of the mandibular nerve will cause paralysis of the following EXCEPT
Medial pterygoid
Muscles of mastication
Buccinator
1128. A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department for 2 days of episodic headaches. The pain is most intense on
his left forehead and eye. He had similar symptoms last summer. He has been taking indomethacin every 6 hours for the last 24
hours but has not had any relief. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 5 years. He works as an accountant and
describes his work as very stressful. He appears restless. Physical examination shows drooping of the left eyelid, tearing of the
left eye, and rhinorrhea. The left pupil is 2 mm and the right pupil is 4 mm. There is localized tenderness along the right
supraspinatus muscle. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
Subarachnoid hemmorhage
Cluster headache
Migraine headache
Page 280 of 555
:
1129. What anatomical formations belong to the central autonomic nervous system?
lateral horns of the spinal cord
ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
hypothalamic region, limbic system
1130. Efferent axons from the dentate nucleus terminate in what thalamic nucleus and travel through what peduncle?
Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
1131. The following tremor is most typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
intentional
postural
kinetic
physiological
rest
1132. The patient was delivered by the SMP team. Does not complain because of speech disorders, not critical, not adequate,
does not understand the addressed speech. Objectively, stupor, facial hyperemia, right-sided central monoparesis, tongue
deviation to the right, right-sided mild hemiparesis. Roughly expressed meningeal syndrome. Which is the most likely
diagnosis?
Page 281 of 555
:
1133. Although the exact cause of MS is not yet known, which factor may play a role?
environment
viruses
family history
all of the above
1134. A 30-year-old man suffering from Vaccid rheumatic heart disease at work sudden onset of vomiting and severe
headache. In the neurological status revealed mild left-sided hemiparesis, left-sided hemihypesthesia, hemianopsia. A day later,
all neurological symptoms regressed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
transient disorders of cerebral circulation
1135. A patient suffering from generalized myasthenia gravis (grade III) suddenly intensi[ed all manifestations of the disease,
severe shortness of breath appeared.
oose the most effective treatment for this clinical situation:
intravenous administration of corticosteroids
administration of azathioprine
thymectomy
intravenous administration of human immunoglobulin
the introduction of aminophylline
1136. The ciliary ganglion is present between
The medial rectus and the optic nerve
The lateral rectus and the optic nerve
The optic nerve and ethmoid nerve
The medial rectus and the ethmoid plate
Page 282 of 555
:
1137. What sensory disturbances are typical for multiple sclerosis?
violation of pain and temperature sensitivity according to the conduction type
violation of sensitivity by polyneuritic type
violations of deep sensitivity with the development of sensitive ataxia
segmental-dissociated sensitivity disorders
all are correct
1138. A 67-year-old patient with a history of myocardial infarction after an emotional load suddenly appeared weakness in the
left limbs, violations speech. Objectively: BP 130/80 mm Hg. dysphonia, elements of dysarthria, dysphagia, no pharyngeal
reVex, contralateral hemiparesis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Th12-L1
L2-L3
L4-S3
Th7-Th9
C7-Th1
1140. Injury to motor division of the mandibular nerve will cause paralysis of the following except
Medial pterygoid
Buccinator
Page 283 of 555
:
1141. If the seventh nerve is damaged on the right side of the face:
The muscles of mastication would be denervated
The muscles of facial expression would be denervated
Taste from the right anterior two thirds of the tongue would not be affected
Sympathetic Ubre to salivary gland would be interrupted
1142. Which of the following best reVects our current knowledge of the relationship between stressful life events and acute
exacerbations of MS?
a meta-analysis found a consistent association between stressful life events and subsequent exacerbations
although some individual studies have suggested an association between the two, a meta-analysis of all of these studies
found no consistent association
while some studies have suggested an association between the two, they were retrospective case-control studies, and the
association has not been shown in a prospective study
1143. The temperature & pin sense loss usually develops with disease in:
anterior horns of spinal cord
posterior horns of spinal cord
lateral horns of spinal cord
posterior columns of spinal cord
1144. A 34-year-old patient has a feeling of numbness in the right half of the body, the left half of the face. These areas were
found to be defective.
in and temperature sensitivity. Specify the disorder syndrome sensitivity.
Alternating hemianesthesia
Segmental dissociated
Root
Polyneuritic
Page 284 of 555
:
1145. Following nuclei are associated with trigeminal nerve
Mesencephalic, motor, sensor
Mesencephalic, principal sensory, motor and spinal
Sensory, motor and spinal
Principal sensory, mesencephalic and spinal.
1146. With the defeat of the pyramidal path in the area of the decussation occurs:
central paralysis of the arm on the side of the focus and central paralysis of the leg on the opposite side of the focus
central paralysis of the leg on the side of the focus and central paralysis of the arm on the opposite side of the focus
peripheral paralysis of the arm on the side of the focus and peripheral paralysis of the leg on the opposite side of the focus
Achilles reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. The foot is deformed. What form of
neurosyphilis does this patient have?
Acute syphilitic meningitis
Progressive paralysis
Tabes Dorsalis
Gumma of the brain
1148. A 50-year-old patient developed dizziness, nausea, vomit. On examination: BP 110/70 mm Hg, Ps 82 beats/min,
rhythmic. Horizontal, large-scale nystagmus in both directions, deviation tongue to the right, deep reVexes S=D, animated.
Intention tremor when performing coordinating tests. There are no meningeal signs. Focal symptoms regressed within 30
minutes. On CT scan for signs of focal no pathology was found. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 285 of 555
:
1149. Cranial nerve related to apex to the petrous temporal bone
VIII
VII
IX
1150. Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and
neurons
nerve Ubers
ganglia
spinal nerves
1151. Specify the anatomical structures innervated from the submandibular ganglion:
sublingual salivary gland
mandibular salivary gland
language
1152. In a young adult patient with unexplained neurological de[cits, which of the following do NOT suggest primary
demyelinating disorder?
diffuse or multifocal neurologic deUcits
sudden or subacute onset of deUcits
deUcits that wax and wane
slow, steady onset of symptoms
1153. Among the following cranial nerves the pure motor nerves include all EXCEPT
IV
VI
XI
Page 286 of 555
:
1154. Ataxia is de[ned as:
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
Muscle weakness
Resting tremor
Error in the rate, force, and direction of movement
1155. 70-year old man with a history of hypertension went to work and had sudden onset of nausea and vomiting. He was taken
to ER, where his exam was notable for slurred speech, dysmetria on [nger-to-nose testing on the left side. His gait was normal.
Where is the lesion?
Cerebellar vermis
Right cerebellar hemisphere
Fastigial nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
1156. White matter consists of _____________
Neuron cell bodies
Unmyelinated axons and neuron cell bodies
Myelinated axons
Unmyelinated dendrites
1157. The following type of sensitivity refers to proprioceptive:
painful
tactile
joint-muscular
temperature
from internal organs
Page 287 of 555
:
1158. With a lesion in the region of the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord, the following are detected:
lower spastic paraparesis
spastic tetraparesis
[accid paraparesis of the legs
motor aphasia
1159. What is the manifestation of the "hot bath" syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis?
feeling better
deterioration of well-being
the patient's state of health does not change
a sharp headache appears
1160. A 59-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea that began 12
hours ago. Three days ago, she ate undercooked chicken at a local restaurant. Blood cultures grow spiral and comma-shaped,
oxidase-positive organisms at 42
Segmental myelin degeneration
Seizures
Toxic megacolon
Erythema nodosum
Peyer patch necrosis
1161. In a man, 30 years old, during the last 6 months, there was weakness of the masticatory muscles on the left. Objectively:
there is no mandibular reVex on the left, sensitivity is not disturbed, malnutrition and hypotension of the masticatory muscles
on the left, deviation of the lower jaw to the left when opening the mouth is noted. Determine the localization of the pathological
process.
Vagus nerve on the left
Left motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve on the right side
Right motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Page 288 of 555
:
1162. What signs are prognostically favorable for multiple sclerosis?
long Urst remission
short Urst remission
no remission
progressive course
1163. Hyperacusis can result, after paralysis of;
Facial nerve
Posterior auricular
VIII nerve
None of the above
1164. The mechanism of development of Parkinson's syndrome:
Violation of copper metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism disorder
Dopamine metabolism disorder
Violation of carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism disorders
1165. What is the purpose of beta-interferon in multiple sclerosis?
it is not used to treat MS
decrease in the number of exacerbations
increased production of cytokines
restoration of impaired functions
Page 289 of 555
:
1166. A 37-year-old woman is noted to have lymphadenopathy on routine physical examination.
llowing an extensive evaluation, she is diagnosed with sarcoid. She has been entirely normal
urologically. Which cranial nerve (CN) is most likely to be injured in this patient?
II
III
VII
VIII
1167. Peripheral nerve disorders can result from damage or dysfunction to the cell body, myelin sheath, axons, or
neuromuscular junction. Peripheral neuropathies can affect one or several sites in the body. Peripheral neuropathy due to
ischemia is most likely to result in which of the following nervous system disorders?
Femoral nerve infarction
Guillain-Barr
Lyme disease
Radial nerve palsy
1168. When assessing dermographism, one should consider what is normal
red dermographism is more distinct determined on the skin of the upper part torso
red dermographism is more distinct determined on the skin of the lower extremities
white dermographism is more distinct determined on the skin of the upper part torso
1169. The patient was admitted with complaints of weakness, hypesthesia in the left limbs that regressed in a day. On
examination diagnosed with transient ischemic attack in the right hemisphere. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures.
anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, neuroprotectors, brain metabolites, venotonics.
Page 290 of 555
:
1170. With the defeat of the upper sections of the right anterior central gyrus, the following occurs:
central monoparesis of the right hand
peripheral paralysis of the left hand
central paralysis of the left leg
right hemiplegia
caudate nucleus
substancia nigra
cerebellar
frontal lobe
1172. Which of the following is not a branch of Trigeminal nerve
Maxillary
Mandibular
Ophthalmic
Carotid
1173. Which of these so-called therapies is not recommended for MS?
hyperbaric oxygen
hysterectomy
calcium orotate
all of the above
Page 291 of 555
:
1174. A 32-year-old patient developed stiffness and slowness of movements, gait disturbances. From the anamnesis it is
known that the patient abused ephedron for a long time, which he made at home. Neurological examination revealed:
hypomimia, muscle rigidity of the upper and lower extremities, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, frequent falls.
Parkinson's disease
Wilson's disease
Manganese Parkinsonism
Brain tumor
Encephalitis
steppage gait
1176. All the following muscles are supplied by mandibular nerve except
Masseter
Buccinator
Medial pterygoid
1177. The optic nerve exits the eye through which the following structures
Lens
Iris
Cornea
Optic disc
Page 292 of 555
:
1178. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly frequent episodes of double vision for 2 days. She
was seen in the emergency department for an episode of imbalance and decreased sensation in her right arm 3 months ago.
Lymphocytic inUltration of the endoneurium
1179. The presence of Laseuge sign suggests damage to the following:
1180. A 40-year-old man died from complications related to AIDS. Prior to his death, there had been a
eady cognitive decline. Both HIV and cytomegalovirus infections in the brain characteristically
oduce which of the following?
Senile plaques
Intraneuronal amyloid
Intranuclear inclusions
Intracytoplasmic inclusions
Microglial nodules
1181. What skin manifestations occur with an increase parasympathetic tone?
pale skin, decrease in skin temperature
redness of the skin,increase in skin temperature
decrease in skin temperature
Page 293 of 555
:
1182. True about occlumotor nerve are all EXCEPT
Stenomastoid
Trapeizius
Splenius capitis
Soft palate
1184. Unilateral trigeminal N.injury is tested by
Elevation and lowering of jaw
Inability to tense the jaw
Blinking of eye
Corneal re[ex
1185. A 72-year-old right-handed woman has 2 days of headache and fever, followed by worsening
nfusion. She is taken to the hospital after having a generalized seizure. A head CT is consistent with
ft temporal hemorrhage and swelling. Localization of encephalitis to the medial temporal or orbital
ontal regions of the brain is most consistent with which of the following?
Treponema pallidum
Varicella zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Toxoplasma gondii
Page 294 of 555
:
1186. 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-hour history of headache and neck stiffness. She describes
the headache as a
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
1187. Damage to the following anatomical formations is characterized by positive tension symptoms:
spinal roots, peripheral nerves
ponytail, white matter of the spinal cord
1188. A 31-year-old homosexual man has had headache, sleepiness, and poor balance that have
rsened over the past week. The patient is known to be HIV seropositive, but has done well in the
st and has not seen a doctor in over 1 year. On examination, his responses are slow and he has
me dimculty sustaining attention. He has a right hemiparesis with increased re[exes on the right.
utine cell counts and chemistries are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next
ep in management?
Head computed tomography (CT) with contrast
Noncontrast head CT
Perform a lumbar puncture
Start antiretroviral therapy
Start intravenous heparin
dimculty swallowing
A and B are correct
Page 295 of 555
:
1190. An 82-year-old previously healthy woman with a recent upper respiratory infection presents
th generalized weakness, headache, and blurry vision. For the past 2 weeks she has had upper
spiratory symptoms that started with a sore throat, nasal congestion, and excessive coughing. She
nt to her primary care doctor 4 days ago and was diagnosed with sinusitis. She was given a
escription for an antibiotic and took it for 2 days, then stopped. She thereafter had chills,
ghtheadedness, vomiting, blurry vision, general achiness, and a headache that started abruptly and
s not gotten better since. Except for blurry vision, she has not had any other visual symptoms. The
urry vision remains when she closes either eye. She also has eye tenderness with movement and
ld photosensitivity. She has no drug allergies. Examination Undings include temperature of 102.5
this case?
Get a brain MRI, then perform a lumbar puncture.
Give the patient a prescription for oral azithromycin and let her go home.
Immediately give intravenous ceftriaxone plus ampicillin.
Immediately start intravenous acyclovir.
Obtain CSF and blood cultures and observe the patient until the results come back
1191. CSF [ndings in MS:
absence of Oligoclonal Bands
IgG level will decrease
A&B
neither
1192. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on the following symptoms except:
repeated episodes of tonic-clonic seizures
neurological picture of multifocal demyelination
repeated cases of optic neuritis
progressive bladder dysfunction
Page 296 of 555
:
1193. A 24-year-old man is noted to have optic neuritis and also weakness. A tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is made.
Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing MS?
one lesion on MRI of brain
cerebrospinal [uid (CSF) oligoclonal bands
history of ocular trauma
recent history of vaccination
1194. Migraine refers to:
primary headache
secondary headache
complex regional pain syndrome
neuralgic pain
causalgia
1195. Patient D., 29 years old, artist, married. There was a dull pain in the lumbar region, which in the following days intensi[ed
and spread throughout the back. After a week, numbness of the buttocks and perineum arose, and urinary retention. At the
same time, a rose-colored rash appeared on the skin of the abdomen and hands. In the study: Wassermann test and
ImmunoVuorescent Reactions are positive. In CSF: cytosis 450, protein 1.32 g / l, CFR 4+. What drug is the ethiotropic treatment
of the above case?
Prednisone
Penicillin
Acyclovir
Retrovir
1196. The patient was admitted with complaints of double vision, weakness in right limbs. Examination revealed ischemic trunk
stroke. Prescribe treatment.
Page 297 of 555
:
1197. Central paresis of the right arm and left leg indicates a lesion in the area:
brain stem
complete transverse lesion of C-1-C4 segments of the spinal cord
pyramidal cross on the right side
1198. What is the level of damage that is characteristic of the development of weakness in standing on the heels?
L5 spine
L4 roots
L3 roots
L2 roots
L1 spine
1199. Mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for receiving
Pain sensation
Pressure sensation
Proprioception
Temperature sensation
1200. What drug is used for pulse therapy of multiple sclerosis
dexamethasone
methylprednisolone
ACTH
synacthen depot
1201. Branch of the mandibular nerve which commonly splits around the middle meningeal artery and send twigs to TMJ is
Facial
Buccal
Occipital
Auriculotemporal
Page 298 of 555
:
1202. Which of the following pathologies do not belong to acute disorders cerebral circulation?
cerebral infarction
fainting
TIA
hemorrhagic stroke
1203. The number of cells in CSF should be no more than:
4-5 in 1 mm3.
8-10 in 1 mm3.
20 in 1 mm3.
90-100 in 1 mm3.
1204. MS has worse prognosis in:
relapsing-remitting type
primary progressive type
secondary progressive type
neither
1205. A decrease in muscle tone is observed with damage to:
striatum
thalamus
pallidum
internal capsule
Page 299 of 555
:
1206. The following type of sensory disturbance corresponds to a symmetrical sensory disorder in the distal extremities:
conductive
segmental
polyneuropathic
cerebral
neural
1207. The innervation of tensor tympani muscle is
Vagus
Mandibular
Facial
Maxillary
1208. Central lower paraparesis is a syndrome of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of spinal cord segments:
lumbar
cervical
1209. MS affects the central nervous system. Which part of the CNS is usually attacked?
nerve cells (neurons)
myelin
plaques
vertebrae
1210. The pathological reVexes of the Vexion group include:
Gordon
Zhukovsky
Sheffer
Babinsky
Page 300 of 555
:
1211. Coordination of the work of all departments of the autonomic nervous system is carried out by:
thalamus
spinal cord
the cerebral cortex
1212. A previously healthy 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of diffuse weakness. There
is no cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy. Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examination shows no abnormalities. A lateral x-ray
of the chest shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the
following?
Acetylcholine receptor antibodies
Smoking history of 30 pack years
History of fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Increased urinary catecholamines
1213. A patient having diplopia while climbing down the stairs or while reading could be suspected to have
Paralysis of III nerve
Paralysis of IV nerve
Paralysis of VI nerve
A and B
1214. A 13-year-old boy is brought into the emergency room lethargic with a stiff neck and fever.
spite aggressive therapy, the child dies. Postmortem evaluation reveals that the child had primary
ebic meningoencephalitis. This condition is usually acquired through which of the following
ans?
Freshwater swimming
Eating contaminated meat
Eating calves
Anal intercourse
Animal bites
Page 301 of 555
:
1215. Specify the subjective signs that are not typical for CSF hypertensive syndrome:
headache
weakness of the lower extremities
periodic blurred vision
nausea
dizziness
1216. Specify what is characteristic of the peripheral type of sensory impairment:
Violation of any sensitivity in the zone of innervation
Dissociated violation of all types of sensitivity
1217. Following is true about the Trochlear nerve EXCEPT
Its nucleus is situated in the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus
It has general somatic efferent component
It is motor for superior oblique muscle of eyeball
The Ubres of both nerves decussate completely, anterior to the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain
1218. The optic nerve and the retina are direct extension of the brain and when cut, can not regenerate
Both the statements are false
First statement is true and the second is false
First statement is true but when the cut ends are in approximation they can regenerate
Both the statements are true
1219. Adiadochokinesis is a violation:
Sequential Unger movement
Heel to toe walking
Tremor abstinence
Synchronous hand movements
Coordination of the lingual muscles
Page 302 of 555
:
1220. A 68-year-old patient was delivered from an emergency hospital with complaints of awkwardness and numbness in left
limbs. I fell ill this morning when the above complaints. BP 170/90 mm Hg with a history of CAD, transmural infarction, atrial
[brillation. Medium condition gravity, conscious, contact. cerebral and meningeal there are no symptoms. Central paresis of the
facial and hypoglossal nerve, left-sided hemiparesis, Babinski's symptom on the left, left-sided hemihypesthesia. With a lumbar
puncture, a clear transparent liquor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1221. Partial loss of sensitivity is called:
anesthesia
hyperesthesia
hyperpathy
hypoesthesia
dysesthesia
1222. Paresis of the extensors of the hand and [ngers, violation of the supination of the hand and abduction of the thumb -
characteristic signs of the lesion:
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
external musculocutaneous nerve
1223. What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
nerve damage caused by diabetes
weight gain caused by diabetes
vision loss caused by diabetes
light sensitivity cause by diabetes
Page 303 of 555
:
1224. Which of the following best reVects the evidence on physiotherapy (physical therapy) as a treatment for spasticity in MS?
there is good evidence that physiotherapy improves mobility and activities of daily living in people with progressive MS
there is good evidence that physiotherapy improves mobility and activities of daily living in people with relapsing, remitting MS
although physiotherapy is a very common treatment for spasticity in MS, there is insumcient evidence from RCTs to be sure of
its effectiveness
1225. A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after an episode of violent jerky movements of
his arms and legs. He has no recollection of the episode. The episode lasted for 3
Status epilepticus
1226. Trigeminal nerve has how many nuclei in CNS
Three
Four
Five
Six
1227. The defeat of the following anatomical formation causes a conductive type of sensory disturbance:
spinal root
peripheral nerve
transverse spinal cord injury
ponytail
1228. meninges of the brain
Page 304 of 555
:
1229. A young man developed sharp headache in the parietal region, vomiting, then developed local convulsions that
generalized into an epileptic seizure. SP doctor on examination determined blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, pulse 90 beats per
minute, disturbance of consciousness - coma, bilateral pathological reVexes, sharply pronounced meningeal syndrome. Liquor
is bloody. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1230. Cranial nerve which emerges from dorsal surface of brain
II
IV
VI
VII
1231. Which of following is not true about facial nerve?
It has small sensory and large motor root
It supply anterior belly of digastrics
It gives parasympathetic supply to nasal and lacrimal glands
It is secretomotor to submandibular salivary glands
1232. The following statements concerning chroda tympani nerve are true except that it
Contains postganglionic parasympathetic Ubers
Page 305 of 555
:
1233. A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of decreased vision, hearing, and speaking over the past 3 months.
During this time, he has also had diFculty walking, concentrating, drawing, and feeding himself. His maternal male cousin had
similar complaints and died at the age of 5 years. Physical examination shows hyperpigmented mucosa and skin. His speech is
dysarthric. Neurologic examination shows an ataxic gait, spasticity, and decreased muscle strength in all extremities.
Fundoscopy shows optic atrophy. Serum studies show elevated concentrations of fatty acids with 22 or more carbons. A
de[ciency in which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
Lysosomal galactocerebrosidase
Peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter
Lysosomal arylsulfatase A
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein
Lysosomal sphingomyelinase
1234. The extrapyramidal system of the spinal cord includes:
Pale ball
?-motor neurons
Substance black
Caudate nucleus
Red core
1235. Leukodystrophy is characterized by preferential damage to __________ myelin:
not properly formed
previously normal
normal turnover kinetics
properly formed
1236. Mylohyoid nerve is a branch of
Main trunk of mandibular nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Page 306 of 555
:
1237. After a road accident the patient complains of weakness of the right limbs. In the neurological status: reduced strength in
the right limbs up to 3 points; reVexes on the arms and legs are higher on the right; abdominal reVexes on the right are not
called. Right positive Vexor pathological reVexes. What is the name of the syndrome?
right-sided hemiplegia
combined tetraparesis
central tetraperesis
1238. Which of the following interventions for MS is best supported by clinical trial evidence?
hyperbaric oxygen to slow the progress of the disease
intravenous immunoglobulins to reduce the relapse rate and disease progression in relapsing, remitting disease
amantadine to reduce the fatigue of MS
1239. The hypoglossal nerve lies to hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles
Superior
Latero inferior
Deep
Anterior
1240. To study the patency of the subarachnoid space using the Kveckenstedt test, you should:
tilt the patient
squeeze jugular veins
press on the anterior abdominal wall
tilt the patient's head back
1241. All are supplied by Ansa cervicalis except
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Inferior belly of omohyoid
Page 307 of 555
:
1242. Superior and inferior salivatory nuclei have the following functional component
1243. Lacrimal secretion are decreased when facial nerve injury occurs at the following site
Middle ear
Mastoid foramen
Geniculate ganglion
1244. At the level of which segments located parasympathetic pelvic nerve innervation?
L II - L V
S II - S IV
LV-SI
Th I - Th II
1245. Which of the cranial nerve decussate with in the brain
Trochlear
Optic
Oculomotor
Trigeminal
1246. Specify the symptoms of a typical cortical lesion in the postcentral gyrus:
Contralateral hemianesthesia
Hemianesthesia on the side of the lesion
Contralateral monoanesthesia
Monoanesthesia on the side of the lesion
Hemiplegia of opposite limbs
Page 308 of 555
:
1247. A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care doctor with a low-grade fever, headache, and
ck stiffness, which have become more bothersome over the past 1-to-2 weeks. CSF and serological
sting for Lyme disease is positive, and antibiotic treatment is initiated. The cranial neuropathy most
mmonly found with Lyme disease is that associated with damage to which CN?
III
VII
IX
XII
1248. An 82-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1947 presents with left body
akness and neglect. MRI shows a right frontal lesion, which is subsequently biopsied. The
thology suggests that the patient has recurrent tuberculosis. This mass lesion most likely consisted
which of the following?
Dysplastic central nervous system (CNS) tissue
Caseating granulomas
Heterotopias
Gram-positive bacteria
Mesial sclerosis
1249. All the following cranial nerves transmit taste sensation to the brain except
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Page 309 of 555
:
1250. The presence of Bell's palsy suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
facial
optic
olfactory
vestibular
1251. Nucleus ambiguous contributes [bres to the following cranial nerves EXCEPT
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
1252. Specify the anatomical structures innervated from the submandibular ganglion:
lingual salivary gland
submandibular salivary gland
language
1253. What is the condition requiring urgent surgical care?
Discogenic sciatica
Discogenic radiculoischemia
1254. The presence of ataxia suggests damage to any of the following EXCEPT:
cerebellar
thalamus
vestibular nucleus
vagal nerve
Page 310 of 555
:
1255. Normally, increased heart rate during study of autonomic reVexes causes a sample
Ashner (ocular re[ex)
epigastric re[ex
orthoclinostatic
cervical-cardiac (sinocarotid re[ex)
1256. All of the following structures are associcated with branches of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT the
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Stylomastoid foramen
1257. IX N descends between the IJV and ICA and (b) lies deep to stylohyoid process
A is true but IX nerve lies superUcial to stylohyoid process
Is true but IX nerve descends between X nerves and IJV
1258. A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of violent jerky movements of his arms and legs that
began 30 minutes ago. His father reports that the patient has a history of epilepsy. He is not responsive. Physical examination
shows alternating tonic jerks and clonic episodes. There is blood in the mouth. What is most likely diagnosis?
Primary generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Status epilepticus
EMG
EEG
Page 311 of 555
:
1260. The most common cause of cerebral infarction are:
cerebral atherosclerosis
in[ammation of the vessels of the meninges
Ubromuscular dysplasia
demyelinating diseases
1261. In relation to chorda tympani nerve which of the following statement is true
Branch given by facial nerve in temporal bone
It carries postganglionic secretomotor Ubres
It joins lingual nerve
It carries taste sensation
1262. Cranial nerve not carrying parasympathetic [bers
Fourth
Seventh
Third
Ninth
1263. Specify the nuclei of the head part of the parasympathetic nervous system:
accessory nerve nucleus
anterior nucleus of the vagus nerve
1264. Myasthenia gravis is a disease:
monogenic
infectious
autoimmune
with metabolic disorders
primary degenerative
Page 312 of 555
:
1265. Subarachnoid hemorrhage most often occurs in patients with:
45 - 50 years
50 - 60 years
30 - 60 years
1266. For the defeat of the non-striatal system, the following are characteristic:
Muscular hypertension
Hyperkinesis
Hypomimia
Propulsion
1267. An 11-year-old girl, who was the roommate of the patient described above during the school camping vacation, exhibited
left ______________________ that had been detected 6 days before her [rst appointment. She described severe pain about 10 mm
anterior to her left ear, just above the facial nerve trajectory. During facial examination, the patient demonstrated an inability to
close the right eye, to corrugate the left eyebrow or to move her lips (Fig. 3). The patient was prescribed acyclovir, 200 mg every
4 hours and vitamin B complex every 12 hours for 28 days and arti[cial tears during the day. The patient recovered normal
facial function, and after 1 year of follow-up, facial movements were satisfactory.
pain in the face
hemifacial palsy
aphasia
loss of vision
1268. All the muscles of the face are supplied by facial nerve except
Levator anguli oris
Corrugators supercilli
Leavator palpebrae superioris
Risorius
Page 313 of 555
:
1269. Injury of which of these nerve cause vocal cord paralysis
Recurrent laryngeal
External laryngeal
Internal laryngeal
Superior laryngeal
1270. Where does pain occur in causalgia?
in the skin
in the missing limb
in the spine
1271. Paralysis of upper eyelid is due to paralysis of:
III
IV
VII
1272. A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of progressive numbness and weakness in her left
arm and left leg for 2 days. During this period, she has also had urinary urgency and incontinence. Three months ago, she had
blurry vision, diFculty distinguishing colors, and headache for one week, all of which have since resolved. Her temperature is
37
Dimethyl fumarate therapy
Administer IV methylprednisolone
Plasmapheresis
Page 314 of 555
:
1273. A patient complains of speech diFculties, choking during food, nasal voice. Deviation is determined in the neurological
status tongue to the left, no pharyngeal reVex, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, mild left-sided hemiparesis. Set the diagnosis:
ischemic stroke in the brain stem, bulbar syndrome
ischemic stroke in the trunk, Jackson's syndrome
1274. Intentional trembling and overshooting during the [nger-to-nose test is characteristic of
static-locomotor ataxia
dynamic ataxia
frontal ataxia
sensitive ataxia
1275. What mediator has an inhibitory inVuence on the sympathetic department autonomic nervous system?
adrenaline
ergotamine
acetylcholine
atropine
1276. The following types of sensitivity are lost in the segmental-dissociated type of disorder:
a sense of position
vibration
pain and temperature
tactile and joint-muscular
feeling of pressure
Page 315 of 555
:
1277. Which nerve can be damaged by excessive pressure on angle of mandible during maintaining patent airway?
VI
VII
VIII
1278. All of the following are signs of damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord except:
muscle hypotonia
Ubrillar twitches
absence of tendon re[exes
1279. A 24-year-old woman in graduate school comes to the physician for recurrent headaches. The headaches are unilateral,
throbbing, and usually preceded by blurring of vision. The symptoms last between 12 and 48 hours and are only relieved by
lying down in a dark room. She has approximately two headaches per month and has missed several days of class because of
the symptoms. Physical examination is unremarkable. The patient is prescribed an abortive therapy that acts by inducing
cerebral vasoconstriction. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
1280. A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a worsening tremor that began 1 year ago. The tremor affects his
left hand and improves when he uses his hand to complete a task. He also reports feeling stiffer throughout the day, and he has
No abnormalities
Page 316 of 555
:
headache
nausea
dizziness
1282. The following symptoms are typical for Brown-Sequard syndrome:
central paresis on the opposite side
central paresis on own side, loss of pain sensitivity contralaterally, loss of deep sensitivity contralaterally
loss of deep sensitivity contralaterally
1283. A 17-year-old right-handed boy has had infectious meningitis eight times over the past 3 years.
has otherwise been generally healthy and developed normally. Recurrent meningitis often
velops in persons with which of the following?
Otitis media
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Whipple disease
CSF leaks
1284. The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:
XI
XII
VIII
Page 317 of 555
:
1285. A 66-year-old patient suffers from cerebral atherosclerosis, IHD. In the morning, after sleep weakened the left limbs. In
the anamnesis: repeatedly TIA. Objectively: BP 140/90 mm Hg, Ps 84 beats/min, rhythmic, smoothed left nasolabial fold, no
active movements in the left limbs, left-sided hemihypesthesia, pathological reVexes are positive left. Liquor is transparent.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
1286. When will you give enuresis drugs that reduce the depth of sleep?
throughout the day
in the morning
at night
during the day
1287. Through which part of the internal capsule does the path connecting the cerebral cortex with the extrapyramidal system
pass?
anterior thigh
knee
anterior 2/3 of the hind thigh
posterior third of the hind thigh
1288. A person with MS who wants to have children should be aware that her disease may affect her pregnancy in what way?
a miscarriage is more likely
labor and delivery may be more risky
the baby may develop birth defects
MS symptoms may ease or fade away late in pregnancy but may get worse after childbirth
Page 318 of 555
:
1289. The defeat of the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve differs from the supranuclear lesion by the presence of:
dysarthria
tongue mobility restrictions
Ubrillations
concomitant vagus nerve injury
1290. With the defeat of the pyramidal tract in the brainstem, it is noted:
contralateral craniocerebral insumciency in combination with ipsilateral central hemiplegia
contralateral peripheral hemiplegia
contralateral central paresis of VII and XII pairs of craniocerebral insumciency and in combination with central hemiplegia
ipsilateral cranial insumciency in combination with contralateral central hemiplegia
1291. Injury to which nerve will affect lacrimal secretions
Sphenopalatine nerve
Nasocilliary nerve
1292. Indicate in which part of the cerebral cortex the projection is presented sensory innervation of the head:
In the lower part of the postcentral gyrus
In the superior part of the postcentral gyrus
In the superior precentral gyrus
In the middle section of the postcentral gyrus
In the lower part of the precentral gyrus
Page 319 of 555
:
1293. Sensitivity disorder like "gloves" and "socks", complaints the patient to a tingling sensation in the arms and legs usually
develops with diseases:
Several peripheral nerves
Posterior roots of the spinal cord
spinal cord
thalamus
1294. Patient O., aged 59, complains of sudden weakness, numbness in the lower limbs. Objectively: deep reVexes are high,
abdominal are absent, vibration sensitivity is reduced, Babinsky positive. History of obliterating endarteritis. In anamnesis:
During the past year, several times complained of transient weakness in the lower limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
chronic disorder of spinal circulation
multiple sclerosis, spinal form
1295. What drugs are prescribed for treatment erythromelalgia?
vasoactive antispasmodics
alpha-blockers
beta blockers
non-steroidal anti-in[ammatory drugs facilities,beta blockers
antihistamines, anticholinergics
1296. What anatomical formations belong to the peripheral autonomic nervous system?
lateral horns of the spinal cord, ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
hypothalamic region
limbic system
reticular formation of the brainsteam
Page 320 of 555
:
1297. Which one of these abnormalities on the neurologic exam would be unusual in a patient with mild AD?
Problems drawing a clock
Impaired sense of smell
Hyperre[exia with positive Babinski signs
Impaired short-term memory
serous meningitis
1299. The following disorders are corrected by vision control:
paresis
vestibular ataxia
cerebellar ataxia
sensitive ataxia
frontal ataxia
1300. What are the manifestations of sympathoadrenal crisis?
tachycardia, increased blood pressure
bradycardia, polyuria
dizziness
polyuria
Page 321 of 555
:
1301. A 35-year-old woman has progressive numbness of the right arm and diFculty seeing objects in
e right visual Ueld. She is known to be HIV positive, but has not consistently taken medications in
e past. On examination, she appears healthy, but has a right homonymous hemianopsia and
creased sensory perception in her right upper extremity and face. Her CD4 count is 75 cells per ?L,
d her MRI is consistent with a demyelinating lesion of the left parietooccipital area. CSF PCR for
virus is positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment in this case?
Amphotericin B
Cranial radiation
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Intravenous ceftriaxone
1302. A young patient with a diagnosis of cerebral ischemic cardioembolic stroke in the left hemisphere. Decided perform
thrombolysis. What is the timing of this method?
up to 6 hours from the onset of the disease
up to 1 hour from the onset of the disease
up to a day from the onset of the disease
1303. A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a worsening tremor that began 1 year ago. The tremor affects his
left hand and improves when he uses his hand to complete a task. He also reports feeling stiffer throughout the day, and he has
No abnormalities
Page 322 of 555
:
1304. A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of recurrent headaches and nausea. The
headaches occur a few times a month and alternately affect the right or left side. The headaches are exacerbated by loud
sounds or bright light. She is in graduate school and has been under a lot of stress recently. She does not smoke or drink
alcohol but does drink 2
Cluster headache
Migraine headache
Tension headache
1305. Possible causes of muscle hypotension are all, except:
[accid paralysis
cerebellar pathology
damage to the pallido-nigral system
caudate nucleus lesion
1306. Indicate in which horns of the spinal cord the bodies of sensory neurons are located?
Front
Column
Posterior
1307. What is an express method for diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhages?
CT
MRI
ultrasound
CSF puncture
EEG
Page 323 of 555
:
1308. A 45-year-old woman was injured in an accident as a passenger. On examination, the patient has a wound in the upper
third of the left forearm. Complains of burning pains in the left hand and lack of movement of the [ngers. In the neurological
status: there is no Vexion of the 1st, 2nd and, in part, the 3rd [ngers of the left hand. The carporadial reVex on the left is
reduced. The cuff sign is negative. Super[cial sensitivity is reduced on the palmar surface of the I-III [ngers of the left hand.
Determine the level of damage?
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
brachial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
1309. A 50-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with lethargy, fever, and moderately low
ood pressure. She has a fever workup, is started on IV [uids and antibiotics, and is then admitted to
e hospital. A diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis is made. On day 2 of her admission, she has
veloped a right upper extremity drift and her speech has decreased [uency. A head CT reveals a rim-enhancing lesion in the
left frontal lobe. Which of the following is the most common site for
rmation of this type of lesion?
Putamen
Thalamus
Head of the caudate
Gray-white junction
Subthalamus
1310. V and VII nerves are attached in
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
A and C
Page 324 of 555
:
1311. The presence of hemianesthesia, hemianopia & sensory hemiataxia suggests damage to the following:
internal capsule
thalamus opticus
spinal cord
black substance
1312. With the defeat of the left frontal lobe, the following symptoms occur:
spastic tetraplegia
1313. The pathologic specimen depicted here shows the only intracranial lesion found in this patient.
is patient would be expected to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Seizures
Gait ataxia
Hemiparesis
Visual loss
Hallucinations
1314. In a 25-year-old man, after a craniocerebral injury , pathological foot signs of the Vexor type were identi[ed. What
syndrome is revealed?
Oppenheim
Marinescu-Radovic
Babinsky
Rossolimo
Page 325 of 555
:
1315. In the clinical picture of peripheral paralysis will be noted:
hyperre[exia
atony
clonuses
1316. Name the main types of treatment for multiple sclerosis
etiotropic
pathogenetic
symptomatic
all of the above
1317. A man was delivered to the clinic unconscious. BP 190/100 mm Hg At examination: CN - no pathology, no paresis, SHR
uniform. Rigidity neck muscles 6 cm, Kernig's sign is positive on both sides. Liquor -clean. On the fundus - stagnant discs. After
72 hours - BP 135/70 mm Hg Art., the symptoms regressed. Set the diagnosis.
TIA
hypertensive crisis
brain tumor
1318. Which therapy is often recommended for treating slowly progressing MS?
corticosteroids such as prednisone
the hormone ACTH
antibiotics
none of the above
Page 326 of 555
:
1319. All the cranial nerves provide innervations for the structure in the head and neck except one, that additionally supplies the
thorax and abdomen
Glossopharyngeal
Spinal accessory
Vagus
Hypoglossal
1320. _____ neurons carry messages to the central nervous system
Motor
Inter
Sensory
Fun
1321. Lacrimal secretion is diminished when which site of nerve is damaged
Parotid nerve
Gasserian ganglia
Ciliary ganglia
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Page 327 of 555
:
1323. A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother to establish care after moving to a new city. He lives at home
with his mother and older brother. He was having trouble in school until he was started on ethosuximide by a previous physician;
he is now performing well in school. This patient is undergoing treatment for a condition that most likely presented with which
of the following symptoms?
Regression of verbal skills and stereotyped hand-wringing
Episodic jerky movements of the arm and impaired consciousness
Frequent episodes of blank staring and eye [uttering
Recurrent motor tics and involuntary obscene speech
1324. Cerebrospinal Vuid is produced by:
arachnoid granulation.
Vascular plexuses of the ventricles.
neurohypophysis.
Astroglia cells.
1325. A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing weakness in both legs for 7 days. She also reports a
tingling sensation in her legs that is exacerbated by taking a hot shower. She is sexually active with one male partner and does
not use condoms. Her temperature is 37.8
Positive antibody response to cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen in the serum
Oligodendrocytes that stain positive for polyomavirus proteins on brain biopsy
Presence of immunoglobulin bands on cerebrospinal [uid immunoUxation
IdentiUcation of gram-positive cocci in groups on blood culture
Detection of high-amnity antibodies to dsDNA in the serum
Page 328 of 555
:
1326. A 33-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of repeated episodes of severe headache for the past 3
days. He is currently having his 2nd episode of the day. He usually has his [rst episode in the mornings. The pain is severe and
localized to his right forehead and right eye. He had similar symptoms last summer. He works as an analyst for a large hedge
fund management company and spends the majority of his time at the computer. He has been under a lot of stress because of
overdue paperwork. He also has chronic shoulder pain. He has been using indomethacin every 6 hours for the past 3 days but
has had no pain relief. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years. He appears restless. Vital signs are within
normal limits. Physical examination shows drooping of the right eyelid, tearing of the right eye, and rhinorrhea. The right pupil is
2 mm and the left pupil is 4 mm. There is localized tenderness to his right supraspinatus muscle. The remainder of the
examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Migraine headache
Cluster headache
1327. What are the clinical manifestations of myoclonus?
slow worm-like movements in the Ungers
violent rotational movements of the torso
random contractions of various muscles
tremor at rest
1328. Which of the following nuclei belongs to the general visceral efferent column
Facial nerve nucleus
Trigeminal nerve nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
1329. Specify the branches of the nodes of the thoracic sympathetic trunk:
nervi cardiaci thoracici
rami communicantes albi
no correct answer
Page 329 of 555
:
1330. The olfactory nerve pierces the
Cribriform plate of ethmoid
Anterior part of root of cavernous sinus
Posterior part of root of cavernous sinus
A and B
1331. Name the symptoms of damage to the internal capsule on the right:
hemiparesis on the left, hemihypesthesia on the left
hemihypesthesia on the right
anosognosia
1332. A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of frequent falls and diFculty swallowing. He
used to go for long walks with his wife but stopped because he could not lift his right leg properly. He has no history of serious
illness and takes no medications. Muscle strength is 2/5 on extension of the right knee and Vexion of the right hip. Patellar and
ankle reVexes are 1+ on the right leg and 3+ on the left leg. Sensation to pinprick, light touch, and vibration is intact. Cranial
nerve examination shows an exaggerated gag reVex and fasciculations of the tongue. Mental status examination shows a labile
affect and monotonous nasal speech. Results of screening laboratory studies, including a complete blood count, serum
electrolyte concentrations, and creatine kinase, are within the reference ranges. Needle electromyography discloses
spontaneous fasciculation potentials in multiple muscles. Nerve conduction studies are normal. This patient is at greatest risk
for which of the following complications?
Ascending paralysis
Myasthenic crisis
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Diaphragmatic dysfunction
minutes from the onset of the disease. What is the
up to 24 hours
up to 12 hours
up to 6 hours
up to 4.5 hours
up to 3 hours
Page 330 of 555
:
1334. What cranial nerves have vegetative nuclei?
oculomotor nerve, trigeminal nerve
trochlear nerve
abducens nerve,facial nerve
facial nerve
vagus nerve, hypoglossal nerve
1335. Branch of facial nerve in facial canal
Lesser petrosal
Chordatympani
Nerve to stapedius
1336. Pathological reVexes of the extensor group include:
Zhukovsky
Bekhterev-Mendel
Rossolimo
Oppenheim
1337. What neurotransmitter excites inVuence on the sympathetic department autonomic nervous system?
adrenaline
ergotamine
acetylcholine
atropine
Page 331 of 555
:
1338. The patient has left-sided hemianesthesia of all types sensitivity and "spontaneous" pain in this half of the body. Where
calized lesion?
Posterior horns of the spinal cord on the left
Lateral cords of the spinal cord on the right
Right postcentral gyrus
Visual tubercle on the right
Peripheral nerve
1339. Maxillary nerve innervates all of the following except
Ala of nose and lower eyelid
Upper cheeks
Gingivae of maxilla
TMJ
1340. The special visceral afferent [bres of the facial nerve are located in which nuclei
Motor nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
Nucleus of tractus solitarius
Lacrimatory nucleus
1341. Unilateral supranuclear lesion of facial nerve involves
Whole of face
Only ipsilateral upper part of the face
Only contra lateral lower part of the face
Whole of lower face
Page 332 of 555
:
1342. In a patient with severe hypertension, on the background of blood pressure 230/120 mmHg developed a sudden
headache, nausea, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness. In neurological status: focal neurological no symptoms, neck
stiffness, Kernig sign positive on both sides. Against the background of normalization of blood pressure, the above symptoms
regressed after 48 hours. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1343. After existing from skull the vagus is joined by
Spinal accessory nerve
None of the above
1344. All the following nerves are related to mandible except
Lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
Mental nerve
1345. What factors provoke exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
infections
stress
surgery
pregnancy
injury
Page 333 of 555
:
1346. Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include all the following, except:
bloody cerebrospinal [uid
Kernig's symptoms, neck stiffness
damage to the oculomotor nerves
unaltered cerebrospinal [uid
cerebral symptoms and psychomotor agitation
motor aphasia
1348. Nerve supply of stapedius is
2nd nerve
3rd nerve
5th nerve
7th nerve
1349. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly frequent episodes of double vision for 2 days. She
was seen in the emergency department for an episode of imbalance and decreased sensation in her right arm 3 months ago.
Page 334 of 555
:
1350. What features does it provide trophotropic system?
constriction of the bronchi
slow heart rate
increased intestinal peristalsis
1351. A 28-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of an excruciating headache that started 30 minutes
ago. The pain is located around the right eye and it awoke him from sleep. Over the past two weeks, he has had similar
headaches around the same time of the day, and he reports pacing around restlessly during these episodes. Physical
examination shows conjunctival injection and tearing of the right eye. In addition to supplemental oxygen therapy,
administration of which of the following drugs is most likely to provide acute relief in this patient?
Indomethacin
Sumatriptan
Carbamazepine
Amitriptyline
1352. Differentiated therapy for ischemic stroke includes all listed, except:
drugs that normalize cardiac activity
anticoagulants and thrombolytics
antiplatelet agents, rheopolyglucin,
vasoactive agents, euUllin
1353. Defeat of the following anatomical formation causes hyperkinesis:
pyramidal system
cerebellum
extrapyramidal system
spinal cord
frontal lobe
Page 335 of 555
:
1354. The main clinical test to con[rm the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is:
muscle fatigue test
Bare test
detection of muscle atrophies
Romberg test
test for intermittent claudication
1355. What are the symptoms of a stroke:
cerebral
focal
no correct answer
1356. The occulomotor nerve enters the orbit through
Lateral part of superior orbital Ussure
Middle part of the superior orbital Ussure
Sheath of optic nerve
1357. The most informative method of the following in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is
Lange reaction
hot tub test
magnetic resonance imaging
blinking re[ex
1358. Glossopharyngeal nerve leaves the skull
Through jugular foramen and lies anterior to X and XI
Through foramen lacerum anterior of X and XI nerves
Through jugular foramen and lies in middle or X and XI nerves
Through foramen spinosum post of posterior to X and XI nerves
Page 336 of 555
:
1359. The smallest cranial nerve is the-DNB 02, AMU 02
Olfactory
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Accessory
1360. A 70-year-old man presents with right body (face and arm > leg) weakness, which he says has
adually developed over several months. Medical history includes hypertension, smoking, and the
casional use of prostitutes. RPR serological testing is positive. Which of the following
nsequences of this patient
mor?
A reaction to penicillin treatment occurs.
An intracranial gumma forms.
Tabes dorsalis is the primary manifestation of the disease.
Meningovascular disease develops.
The patient is a newborn with congenital acquired disease.
1361. What formations of the extrapyramidal system include to pallidum?
caudate nucleus
black substance, red nuclei
putamen
shell
1362. A 29-year-old woman developed pain in her eyes and visual diFculties, which resolved over a period of months. Nine
months later she started having balance problems, clumsiness, hand weakness and fatigue. CSF analysis showed elevated
gamma globulin and oligoclonal bands were present after electrophoresis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
granulomatous meningitis
multiple sclerosis
Page 337 of 555
:
1364. Which is the most common form of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the onset of the disease?
primary progressive
secondary progressive
relapsing, remitting
neither
1365. Anterior ethmoidal nerve supplies all except
Maxillary sinus
Infterior of nasal cavity
Dural sheath of anterior cranial fossa
Ethmoidal air cells
1366. Peripheral neuropathy can lead to numbness and sometimes pain and weakness in the arms and legs.
True
False
1367. Which of the following reVexes are determined in central paralysis:
Oppenheim
Gordon
Sheffer
all of the above
Page 338 of 555
:
1368. A 35-year-old man complains of attacks of pain in the area of the left side of his face that occur during talking, chewing,
touching the wings of the nose on the left, accompanied by reddening of the skin and spasm of mimic muscles. In the interictal
period, there is pain on palpation of the infraorbital point on the left, increased sensitivity in the region of the upper jaw. There
are carious teeth. There is no other pathology. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Migraine
Chronic sinusitis
Diffuse pulpitis
Neuritis of the facial nerve
1369. A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vision impairment in her right eye for the past 2 weeks. During
this period, she was unable to distinguish colors with her right eye. She also reports pain with eye movement. She has no double
vision. She occasionally has headaches that are relieved with ibuprofen. One year ago, she had a similar episode that affected
her left eye and resolved spontaneously. She has no history of serious illness. She works at a library and enjoys reading, even in
poor lighting conditions. Her vital signs are within normal limits. The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and
accommodation. Without correction, visual acuity is 20/50 in the left eye, and 20/100 in the right eye. With spectacles, the
visual acuity is 20/20 in the left eye and 20/100 in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination shows no abnormalities. A CT scan of
the head shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Optic neuritis
1370. What are the clinical manifestations of torsion dystonia?
Whole of face
Whole of lower face
Page 339 of 555
:
1372. Among the following cranial nerves, the pure sensory nerve includes all EXCEPT
II
III
VIII
1373. Optic nerve is made up of axons of cells in the
Amacrine cell layer of retina
Bipolar cell layer of retina
Ganglionic layer of the retina
Horizontal cell layer of retina
1374. Following cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons at the level of facial colliculus EXCEPT
Abducens nerve nucleus
Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
Pontine nuclei
1375. As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you wish to lesion if you are
focusing mainly on the Vocculo-nodular lobe circuitry of the cerebellum?
Fastigial nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Clarkes nucleus
Spinal border cells
Globose nucleus
Page 340 of 555
:
1376. Seventh, Ninth and Tenth cranial nerves end in
Nucleus Tractus solitaries
Nucleus Ambiguous
Dorsal Nucleus of vagus
Long and of V nerve
1377. A 45-year-old man gradually developed weakness in his arms. In the neurological status: a decrease in the strength of the
muscles of the hands up to 3 points, [brillar twitching in the muscles of the shoulder, malnutrition, hypotension of the muscles
of the hands. Tendon reVexes on the hands are reduced, on the legs - alive. De[ne the syndrome.
upper central paraplegia
upper peripheral paraplegia
upper peripheral paraparesis
peripheral tetraparesis
1378. The following symptoms are typical for lesions of the strio-nigral system:
choreic hyperkinesis, muscle rigidity
paresis, akinesis
nystagmus
1379. Brown-Sequard syndrome develops with the following damage of the spinal cord:
complete transversal
anterior horns
half transversal
posterior horns
Page 341 of 555
:
1380. A middle-aged man suddenly, after sleeping, felt paresthesia and weakness in the lower limbs. On examination, the lower
spastic paraparesis with high tendon reVexes, clonus feet, pathological foot signs, dysfunction of the pelvic organs. She has a
history of obliterating endarteritis. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
polimyelitis
multiple sclerosis spinal form
1381. Posterior belly of digastrics is supplied by
Mandibular nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Accessory nerve
Facial nerve
1382. If an injury occurs to the motor root of the trigeminal nerve all the following muscle would be affected EXCEPT
Mylohyoid
Buccinators
Tensor tympani
1383. Attacks of skin blanching [ngertips followed by cyanosis is characteristic of
Guillain-Barre polyneuropathy
Raynaud's disease (syndrome)
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Wegener's granulomatosis
Page 342 of 555
:
1384. Specify the branches that extend from the nodes of the sympathetic trunk:
nervi splanchnici
no correct answer
1385. The following symptoms are typical for Parkinson's disease:
symptom of "gear wheel"
postural instability
hypomimia
a and c are correct
1386. Recurrent laryngeal nerve had following course in neck
It passes anterior to inferior thyroid artery
It passes through sternomastoid
It passes through branches of inferior thyroid vessels
It passes posterior to inferior thyroid vessels
1387. Nucleus in brain common to IX,X and XI cranial nerves:
Nucleus solitaries
Nucleus ambiguous
Dentate nucleus
Red nucleus
Page 343 of 555
:
1388. Ms. Z, a 30-year-old pregnant female, recreational badminton player, who spontaneously woke up with the inability to
voluntarily move the right side of her face, including the inability to close her right eye, and slight drooping at the corner of her
mouth. She tried to explain to her husband what was happening, but lacked the motor control to enunciate words. In a panic, he
noticed she had facial drooping and mistook the lack of motor control for slurring of her words-- he thought she was having a
stroke. Remembering the acronym, F.A.S.T., he called the ambulance. However, given her presentation and exceptional health
history, the attending physician ended up excluding a stroke as a possible diagnosis. He thought Ms. Z's signs and symptoms
better matched with Bell's Palsy because everything aligned perfectly with a Grade 5 on the House-Brackmann facial nerve
scale. She was prescribed ______________ and referred on to a neurologist who con[rmed the diagnosis of Bell's Palsy with
electroneuronography. The neurologist referred her to an ophthalmologist who prescribed her lubricating eye drops and
suggested that she wore a pair of sunglasses or safety glasses to prevent any corneal drying and scratches. The opthamologist
recommended that Ms. Z partook in physiotherapy for treatment so that she can safely return to badminton and everyday
functioning without long-term implications.
corticosteroids
antibiotics
anticoagulants
TPA
1389. Following is true about cranial root of accessory nerve EXCEPT
It joins the vagus nerve superior to the inferior vagal ganglion
It contains special visceral efferent and general visceral efferent components
It joins with spinal root of accessory nerve after emerging through the jugular foramen
Fibres of the nerve derived from nucleus ambiguous innervate the palatal muscles except tensor veli palatini
1390. The patient has horizontal nystagmus, with abduction of the eye apples to the sides. There are no paresis. Can
cerebellar vermis
Right cerebellum
Page 344 of 555
:
1391. A 39-year-old man was treated 1 year ago for a brain abscess. He has largely recovered, but
ill has occasional word-Unding dimculties. Which of the following is the most common symptom in
tients with brain abscess?
Nausea and vomiting
Ataxia
Headache
Neck stiffness
Seizures
1392. Tumour in[ltrating into the foramen ovale will cause all EXCEPT
Anaesthesia of TMJ
Paralysis of tensor tympani
Paresthesia of hlips.
Paralysis of stylohyoid
1393. False statement about trigeminal nerve
Carries sensation from face and scalp
Has motor branch
Arise from C8 nerve root
Composed of spinal nucleus
1394. The following types of sensitivity are carried out along the spinothalamic pathway:
joint-muscular
vibration
feeling of pressure
perception of light
Page 345 of 555
:
1395. A 9-year-old girl is playing in a wooded area of her backyard. She notices a furry animal in the
ush. As it does not seem to fear her, she approaches to pet it. As soon as she touches the creature, it
tes her and runs away. Her parents bring her to the emergency room for evaluation. The emergency
om physician is extremely concerned that the patient may have been exposed to a deadly virus and
ders immediate injections of immunoglobulin. From the brain, this pathogen establishes itself for
ansmission to another host by spreading to which of the following?
Intestines
Nasopharynx
Lungs
Bladder
Salivary glands
1396. All of the following cranial nerves contain somatic efferents, except
VII Nerve (Facial nerve)
III Nerve (Occulomotor nerve)
IV Nerve (Trochlear nerve)
VI Nerve (Abducent nerve)
1397. After dinner, the patient suddenly developed severe vomiting, fainting. In neurological status: severe condition, general
hyperhidrosis, hyperemia skin. Muscle tone in the arms and legs is variable, predominantly low, tetraplegia, bulbar syndrome,
meningeal symptoms. Which most likely diagnosis?
Page 346 of 555
:
1398. Which of the following clinical features is associated with ALS?
Sensory loss on face
Resting tremor of the hands
Slurred speech
Loss of position sense of the toes
1399. In the syndrome of transverse spinal cord injury at the thoracic level, urination disorders do not occur in the form of:
true incontinence
urinary retention
paradoxical ischuria
imperative urges
1400. Specify the objective signs that are not typical for CSF hypertensive syndrome:
decreased CSF pressure
increased CSF pressure
the severity of Unger impressions on the craniogram
osteoporosis of the back of the Turkish saddle, widening of the entrance to the saddle
1401. Muscles spared by complete transaction of cranial part of accessory nerve
Cricopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Page 347 of 555
:
1402. A 67-year-old man is brought to the physician by his daughter because he frequently misplaces his personal belongings
and becomes easily confused. His daughter mentions that his symptoms have progressively worsened for the past one year. On
mental status examination, he is oriented to person, place, and time. He vividly recalls memories from his childhood but can
only recall one of three objects presented to him after 5 minutes. His affect is normal. This patient's symptoms are most likely
caused by damage to which of the following?
Substantia nigra
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
Nucleus accumbens
Hippocampus
1403. Specify the branches that extend from the nodes of the sympathetic trunk:
nervi splanchnici
no correct answer
1404. The olfactory cells or cells of primary neurons lie in the
Olfactory part of nasal mucosa
Primary olfactory cortex
Olfactory bulb
Secondary olfactory area
1405. For the defeat of the dorsal columns is not typical:
deep sensation dysfunction
loss of proprioception
sensitive ataxia
Page 348 of 555
:
1406. Drugs of the following groups are used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis:
central anticholinergics
anticholinesterase
Ca channel blockers
?-blockers
non-steroidal anti-in[ammatory
1407. Man, 50 years old, complains of pain in the lower back, back right thigh. Which symptom should be checked to clarify the
level and
e nature of the injury?
Lasegue
Kerniga
Brudzinsky
Marinescu-Radovic
Bella
1408. In case of violation of which innervation does atony of the bladder occur?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
1409. Which of the following is the most common cause of brain abscess in patients with AIDS?
Toxoplasma gondii
Tuberculosis
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes zoster
Page 349 of 555
:
1410. A 47-year-old man had a pathological process that disrupted the posterior horns, cervical thickening (syringomyelia).
What type of violation
nsitivity in the patient?
Peripheral mononeuritic
Segmentally dissociated
Conduction spinal
Conduction cerebral
Peripheral polyneuritic
1411. The proprioceptive [bres of mandibular nerve travel through
Sensory root
Motor rod
Special root mesencephalic root
B and C
1412. Describe the clinical manifestations of Lhermitte's symptom.
paresthesia in the distal extremities
the appearance of a sensation of "electric current" along the spine during tilt your head forward
progressive decrease in vision
absence of the blink re[ex
serous meningitis
Page 350 of 555
:
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
chronic violation of spinal circulation
1415. What is the dysfunction of the pelvic organs will be damaged paracentral lobule?
violation of the urge to Urination
urinary retention
abdominal are absent, vibration sensitivity is reduced, Babinsky positive. History of obliterating endarteritis. IN During the past
year, several times complained of transient weakness in the lower limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
1417. Patients with Guillain-Barr
Fixed dilated pupils
Intermittent weakness
Paralysis with intact sensation
Weakness worsened by exertion
Page 351 of 555
:
1418. The patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a sudden "dagger" headache in the back of the head,
vomiting. On examination: meningeal symptoms. Liquor is bloody. Make a clinical diagnosis.
hemorrhage in the ventricles of the brain
epidural hematoma
subdural hematoma
1419. A 72-year-old patient complains of weakness, paresthesia in the lower limbs, numbness in them, dysfunction of the
pelvic organs. A lot of suffers from ischemic heart disease with atrial [brillation. A day later, symptoms regressed, the strength
in the legs was restored. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal ischemic stroke
acute myelitis
hematomyelia
hemorrhagic stroke. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures.
angioprotectors, inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, hemostatics
1421. Lumbar puncture with analysis of CSF is the most de[nitive method for diagnosing meningitis. However, sometimes
lumbar puncture is delayed so that contrast-enhanced CT or MRI can be done. For which of the following conditions is this delay
most likely implemented so that imaging studies can be done?
Bleeding disorder
Increased intracranial pressure
Infection at the needle insertion site
Parameningeal lumbar infection
Page 352 of 555
:
1422. The following hyperkinesias are dystonic:
writing spasm, torsion dystonia
athetosis
myoclonus
diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere, channel of the left middle cerebral artery
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere in the channel of the left middle cerebral artery
1424. Which of the following is a branch of facial nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
1425. The defeat of the anterior horns of the lumbar thickening on the right is noted:
[accid paresis of the muscles of the left lower limb
spastic paresis of the muscles of the right lower limb
[accid paresis of the muscles of the right lower limb
Page 353 of 555
:
1426. Which of the following best describes the pathological changes in multiple sclerosis?
sharply delineated areas of demyelination with many axons remaining intact
diffuse regions showing loss of axons, myelin sheaths and glia
loss of astrocytes in cortical areas
demyelination of peripheral nerves
1427. The patient complains of unsteady gait, systemic dizziness, nausea, cannot stand straight. There is horizontal
nystagmus. In the pose of Romberg falls. A patient is affected:
Cerebellar vermis
All parts of the cerebellum
Vestibular apparatus
Cerebellar hemispheres
Posterior funiculi of the spinal cord
1428. A 91-year-old woman has 3 days of gradually worsening fever and headache. She then develops
urry vision and a stiff neck. Her granddaughter becomes concerned and brings her to the emergency
om. MRI with contrast has an enhancement pattern suggesting rhombencephalitis. CSF shows a mild
eocytosis with no organisms. All blood and CSF cultures are negative. Which of the following
dications is the best treatment for the organism likely responsible for the patient
Penicillin G
Ampicillin plus gentamicin
Tetracycline
Ceftriaxone
Rifampin
Page 354 of 555
:
1429. Patient A.I.N., 45 years old, complained of general weakness, fatigue when walking, headaches, mood swings, memory
loss. Anamnesis morbi: Sick for 10 years. The onset of the disease the appearance of double vision when looking into the
distance, a feeling of numbness of the face. She was treated on an outpatient basis. One year after the onset of the disease -
vision loss in both eyes. After 4 months, vision improved signi[cantly. The last exacerbation in September was again a decrease
in visual acuity in both eyes, numbness in the arms and right leg.
urological status: decreased memory and attention. Local cortical functions are normal. There is no hemianopia. Pupils D=S.
Slightly does not bring the eyeballs outward, diplopia when looking to the sides, convergence of the eyeballs is weakened. The
face
ich type of MS does this patient have?
primary progressive
secondary progressive
relapsing-remitting
secondary remitting
1430. A 26-yr-old man comes to the oFce because he has had worsening fatigue and weakness in his legs and arms over the
past 5 months. He says he also has had tingling and numbness in the toes and [ngers during this time. Physical examination
shows loss of deep tendon reVexes. Atrophy of the muscles is minimal. Based on these [ndings, which of the following
peripheral nerve disorders is the most likely diagnosis?
Acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Vasculitis
1431. The _____part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting.
sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic
peripheral
1432. Common symptoms of peripheral diabetic neuropathy include all of the following except?
Numbness
Paresthesias
Poorly localized pain distant from the source of injury
Burning pain
Page 355 of 555
:
spastic tone
muscle hypotension
muscle hypotrophy
hypertension
pathological Babinski re[ex
peripheral paresis
seizures
1435. The concordance rate for dizygotic twins is approximately 25%, with a much lower rate for monozygotic twins:
true
false
1436. Infraorbital nerve is a branch of
Facial
Maxillary
Mandibular
None of the above
1437. Sphenopalatine ganglion is associated with
Great superUcial petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Vagus nerve
Page 356 of 555
:
1438. Spinal cord and brain are wrapped in protective membranes known as ___________
Nodes of Ranvier
Meninges
Axomembranes
Myelin sheath
1439. Which of these may be a long-term problem after a stroke?
paralysis or weakness on one side of the body
problems with thinking or memory
problems with language
pain in the hands and feet
all of the above
1440. Following is true about the spinal root of accessory nerve EXCEPT
It is formed by Ubres from cell bodies in the anterior horn of upper six segments of cervical part of spinal cord
They emerge as series of roots from the lateral surface of spinal cord posterior to the denticulate ligament
A single nerve formed enters through the jugular foramen into the cranial cavity to join with the cranial root of accessory nerve
It supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezium muscles
1441. The patient was admitted to the clinic in a state of moderate severity after 2 hours from the onset of the disease. On
examination, a right-sided deep hemiparesis, speech disorder. Diagnosed after examination cerebral ischemic cardioembolic
stroke. Which of the methods treatment can be used to treat the patient?
thrombolysis
plasmapheresis
hemosorption
hemodilution
liquorosorption
Page 357 of 555
:
1442. The following symptoms characterize damage to the spinal root:
pain, paresthesia, hypoesthesia in the corresponding dermatome
hypoesthesia of the "socks and gloves" type
hemihypesthesia
1443. Nurse Amber is caring for a client who underwent a lumbar laminectomy two (2) days ago. Which of the following [ndings
should the nurse consider abnormal?
More back pain than the Urst postoperative day.
Paresthesia in the dermatomes near the wounds.
Urine retention or incontinence.
Temperature of 99.2
1444. Following nerves have general somatic efferent component except
Trochlear
Abducens
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal
spastic tetraplegia
Page 358 of 555
:
1446. A 64-year-old right handed man described three episodes of double vision, followed by vertigo and sudden onset
numbness/weakness of the right side of his face and right arm. Each attack lasted around 10 minutes, and was associated with
a dull headache. He presented to the Emergency Department after the third episode where he still had symptoms. His past
medical history comprised hypertension, migraine and atrial [brillation. He had never smoked. He was taking ramipril 10mg od
and simvastatin 40mg nocte. On examination he had weakness (4/5) of his right arm and leg with incoordination of the right
side and diFculty walking. His speech was normal. Examination of the eyes revealed a horizontal nystagmus, the fast
component of which changed direction when he looked to the right and then to the left. His NIH Stroke Score was calculated to
be 4. An urgent CT scan of the head was normal. What is the next best step in management?
ateplase 0.9 mg/kg intravenously
aspirin 300mg orally
clexane 1.5mg/kg subcutaneously
clopidogrel 300mg orally
sumatriptan 2mg subcutaneously
1447. Lack of movement in both lower limbs is called:
tetraplegia
hemiplegia
paraplegia
diplopia
1448. Marie Smith, a 53-year-old female, arrived at the emergency department complaining of weakness and discomfort in her
extremities. Marie explained she had been feeling numbness and tingling in her toes for two weeks now, with symptoms
progressively worsening. One month prior, Marie was diagnosed with COVID-19 and attributed her symptoms as residual effects
of the infection.[5] Over the past 3 days, Marie had experienced increased weakness and impaired motor skills. She noted a
speci[c diFculty holding her toothbrush and brushing her teeth, inVuencing her to seek medical attention. Due to her rapidly
progressing signs and symptoms, Marie was admitted to the hospital.
rie's status worsened the next week while in hospital. She was unable to move her upper or lower extremities and had trouble
breathing and swallowing. Marie was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) where she was provided with supplemental
oxygen to a
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
in[ammatory progressive polyneuropathy
leukoencepahlomyelitis
Gullaine-Barre syndrome
Page 359 of 555
:
1449. The [rst neuron of the spinothalamic pathway is located in the following anatomical formation:
spinal ganglion
skin
thalamus
postcentral gyrus
1450. With damage to the peripheral motor neuron L1
[accid paresis of the right leg
spastic paresis of the right leg
[accid paresis of the left leg
spastic paresis of the right arm and [accid paresis of the left leg
1451. The defeat of the cervical thickening leads to the following movement disorders:
[accid paresis of the arms and spastic paresis of the legs
spastic paresis of the legs only
[accid tetraparesis
1452. A synonym for Parkinson's syndrome is:
akinetic-rigid
choreic
myoclonic
amyotrophic
Page 360 of 555
:
1453. In a patient it is noticed that when he protrudes his tongue is deviates to the left. The nerve damaged is:
Left hypoglossal
Left glossopharyngeal
Right hypoglossal
Right glossopharyngeal
1454. A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care doctor with a low-grade fever, headache, and neck stiffness, which have
become more bothersome over the past 1-to-2 weeks. CSF and serological testing for Lyme disease is positive, and antibiotic
treatment is initiated. The cranial neuropathy most commonly found with Lyme disease is that associated with damage to which
CN?
III
VII
IX
XII
1455. A 72-year-old right-handed woman has 2 days of headache and fever, followed by worsening confusion. She is taken to
the hospital after having a generalized seizure. A head CT is consistent with left temporal hemorrhage and swelling.
Localization of encephalitis to the medial temporal or orbital frontal regions of the brain is most consistent with which of the
following?
Treponema pallidum
Varicella zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Toxoplasma gondii
1456. Stroke is:
acute violation of the blood circulation of the lungs
acute circulatory disorders of the liver and kidneys
Page 361 of 555
:
1457. James is a 65-year-old man who woke one day with severe pain on the right side of his face. The pain, which seemed to
tear through his face like a lightning bolt, lasted only a few seconds, but then returned. For weeks, he had been experiencing
dozens of these excruciating electrical shock-like attacks. James could no longer shave the right side of his face, brush his
teeth, chew foods or talk for any length of time without triggering the repeated jolts of pain. He could not even tolerate a light
breeze blowing across his face. James' dentist could [nd no problems with his teeth or jaw and over-the-counter pain relievers
provided no bene[t. What is the diagnosis?
otitis media
mastoiditis
optic neuritis
1458. A 45-year-old woman was injured in an accident as a passenger. On examination, the patient has a wound in the upper
third of the left forearm. Complains of burning pains in the left hand and lack of movement of the [ngers. In the neurological
status: there is no Vexion of the 1st, 2nd and, in part, the 3rd [ngers of the left hand. The carporadial reVex on the left is
reduced. The cuff sign is negative. Super[cial sensitivity is reduced on the palmar surface of the I-III [ngers of the left hand.
Determine the level of damage?
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
brachial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
1459. Which blood test can con[rm neuro brucellosis?
Wasserman reaction
ELISA
Pandy reaction
Serum tube agglutination (STA)
Page 362 of 555
:
1460. A 67-year-old patient with a myocardial infarction after an emotional load suddenly appeared weakness in the left limbs,
violations speech. Objectively: BP 130/80 mm Hg. dysphonia, elements of dysarthria, dysphagia, no pharyngeal reVex,
contralateral hemiparesis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1461. An 11-year-old girl, who was the roommate of the patient described above during the school camping vacation, exhibited
left ______________________ that had been detected 6 days before her [rst appointment. She described severe pain about 10 mm
anterior to her left ear, just above the facial nerve trajectory. During facial examination, the patient demonstrated an inability to
close the right eye, to corrugate the left eyebrow or to move her lips (Fig. 3). The patient was prescribed acyclovir, 200 mg every
4 hours and vitamin B complex every 12 hours for 28 days and arti[cial tears during the day. The patient recovered normal
facial function, and after 1 year of follow-up, facial movements were satisfactory.
pain in the face
hemifacial palsy
aphasia
loss of vision
viral infections
diabetes
ionizing radiation
Page 363 of 555
:
reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. Direct Argil-Robertson Syndrome. The foot is
deformed. With lumbar puncture, signs of serous inVammation, as well as a positive Wasserman reaction, RIBT. What drugs are
indicated in this case?
Piracetam
Levodopa
Midokalm
Atorvastatin
Penicillin
1464. A 12-year-old boy has left body weakness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveals a polycystic lesion.
The parasitic brain lesion most likely to have a large cyst containing numerous daughter cysts is that associated with which of
the following?
Taenia solium
Schistosoma haematobium
Echinococcus granulosa
Diphyllobothrium latum
Schistosoma japonicum
1465. A patient during work suddenly developed a severe headache with predominantly localized in the back of the head,
nausea, vomiting, short-term loss of consciousness. In neurological status: strabismus for counting of the right eyeball, general
hyperesthesia, stiff neck muscles, Kernig's sign on both sides. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 364 of 555
:
1466. A 59-year-old right-handed woman has been clinically diagnosed with encephalitis. While CSF and MRI studies are
pending, a medical student suggests ordering an EEG. Which of the following EEG [ndings is most associated with herpes
encephalitis?
? Activity over the frontal regions
? Activity over the temporal regions
Three-per-second spike-and-wave discharges
Bilateral, periodic epileptiform discharges
Unilateral ? activity over the frontal region
1468. Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and
neurons
nerve Ubers
ganglia
spinal nerves
Page 365 of 555
:
1469. A 78-year-old patient was brought to the clinic from home. According to the attendants relatives known that this
afternoon suddenly weakened rights limbs, ceased to speak and understand the addressed speech. In history - long-term
arterial hypertension. On examination: shallow stupor, neck muscle stiffness, Kernig's sign positive from two sides, right-sided
deep hemiparesis with plegia in the arm, muscular the tone in the right limbs is increased according to the spastic type, the
symptom Babinsky on the right. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere
1470. A 39-year-old man was treated 1 year ago for a brain abscess. He has largely recovered, but still has occasional word-
[nding diFculties. Which of the following is the most common symptom in patients with brain abscess?
Nausea and vomiting
Ataxia
Headache
Neck stiffness
Seizures
1471. The main manifestations of thrombosis of the internal carotid artery include:
Weber's Alternating Syndrome
blindness or decreased vision on the opposite side
contralateral hemiparesis and blindness on the thrombotic side
Hemiplegia or hemiparesis on the side of thrombosis
hemihypesthesia on the side of tormbosis
Page 366 of 555
:
1473. In the absence of a block of subarachnoid space during a Kveckenstedt test, cerebrospinal Vuid pressure rises:
10 times
2 to 6 times
4 times
2 times
neck stiffness
Oppenheim's symptom
Neri's symptom
1475. A 30-year-old man suffering from Vaccid rheumatic heart disease at work sudden onset of vomiting and severe
headache. In the neurological status revealed mild left-sided hemiparesis, left-sided hemihypesthesia, hemianopsia. A day later,
all neurological symptoms regressed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 367 of 555
:
abdominal are absent, vibration sensitivity is reduced, Babinsky positive. History of obliterating endarteritis. In anamnesis:
During the past year, several times complained of transient weakness in the lower limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
1477. Patient D., 29 years old, artist, married. There was a dull pain in the lumbar region, which in the following days intensi[ed
and spread throughout the back. After a week, numbness of the buttocks and perineum arose, and urinary retention. At the
same time, a rose-colored rash appeared on the skin of the abdomen and hands. In the study: Wassermann test and
ImmunoVuorescent Reactions are positive. In CSF: cytosis 450, protein 1.32 g / l, CFR 4+. What drug is the ethiotropic treatment
of the above case?
Prednisone
Penicillin
Acyclovir
Retrovir
1478. A 72-year-old patient complains of weakness, paresthesia in the lower limbs, numbness in them, dysfunction of the
pelvic organs. A lot of suffers from ischemic heart disease with atrial [brillation. A day later, symptoms regressed, the strength
in the legs was restored. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal ischemic stroke
acute myelitis
hematomyelia
Page 368 of 555
:
1479. Clinical evaluation is the appropriate initial step in evaluating patients suspected of having a peripheral nervous system
disorder. A detailed history, including family history, is important as well as physical and neurologic examination to narrow
diagnostic possibilities. Once this clinical assessment is complete, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in
evaluation?
Biopsy of the affected nerves
Electrodiagnostic testing
Genetic testing
MRI of all limbs
1480. Cerebrospinal Vuid is produced by:
arachnoid granulation.
Vascular plexuses of the ventricles.
neurohypophysis.
Astroglia cells.
1481. Lumbar puncture with analysis of CSF is the most de[nitive method for diagnosing meningitis. However, sometimes
lumbar puncture is delayed so that contrast-enhanced CT or MRI can be done. For which of the following conditions is this delay
most likely implemented so that imaging studies can be done?
Bleeding disorder
Increased intracranial pressure
Infection at the needle insertion site
Parameningeal lumbar infection
1482. A 17-year-old right-handed boy has had infectious meningitis eight times over the past 3 years. He has otherwise been
generally healthy and developed normally. Recurrent meningitis often develops in persons with which of the following?
Otitis media
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Whipple disease
CSF leaks
Page 369 of 555
:
1483. To identify a block of subarachnoid space apply the following tests:
Barre.
Stukey.
Rinne.
Romberg.
1484. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
central and peripheral
parasympathetic and sympathetic
brain and spinal cord
nerves and ganglia
serous meningitis
1486. A woman suffering from headaches for many years, suddenly, after physical activity fell, lost consciousness, developed a
generalized convulsive seizure. In the neurological status, convergent strabismus, roughly expressed shell syndrome. There are
no paresis. Hemorrhagic cider in cerebrospinal Vuid. Set the diagnosis:
epilepsy with generalized seizures
Page 370 of 555
:
1487. A patient developed weakness in her right limbs after sleep. Which self-regressed after 45 minutes. In the neurological
status: left-sided pyramidal insuFciency is determined, mild hypoesthesia. There are no changes in the substance of the brain
on CT. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
1488. A 40-year-old man died from complications related to AIDS. Prior to his death, there had been a steady cognitive decline.
Both HIV and cytomegalovirus infections in the brain characteristically produce which of the following?
Senile plaques
Intraneuronal amyloid
Intranuclear inclusions
Intracytoplasmic inclusions
Microglial nodules
1489. A 9-year-old boy presents with bilateral CN VII de[cits. Serum and CSF analysis suggests B burgdorferi is the etiology.
Which of the following medications is the most appropriate treatment?
Streptomycin
Ceftriaxone
Gentamicin
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Page 371 of 555
:
1490. A 37-year-old female navy oFcer presents with 3 days of confusion and seizures. Her colleagues report that she has
been acting strangely for 3 days. This is followed by generalized status epilepticus. The woman has previously been well. She
has traveled to the Caribbean several times annually, and she has a new pet cat. General examination discloses epitrochlear
lymphadenopathy. Neurological examination shows the woman to be in status epilepticus. CSF is negative; MRI shows
increased signal in the pulvinar bilaterally.
Tabes dorsalis
Neurocysticercosis
1491. A 75-year-old left-handed woman presented to the emergency room with what at [rst was thought to be a stroke. History
was signi[cant for pneumonia 5 weeks ago. Following neuroimaging, the situation became less clear, and ultimately an
enhancing brain lesion was aspirated via stereotaxic needle placement. Culture of the aspirate grew out bacteria. The most
likely organism is which of the following?
Streptococcal
Staphylococcal
Bacteroides spp.
Proteus spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
1492. A 37-year-old woman is noted to have lymphadenopathy on routine physical examination. Following an extensive
evaluation, she is diagnosed with sarcoid. She has been entirely normal neurologically. Which cranial nerve (CN) is most likely
to be injured in this patient?
II
III
VII
VIII
Page 372 of 555
:
1493. With cerebral infarction in the basin of the posterior cerebral artery, everything is characteristic listed, except:
motor aphasia
visual agnosia
homonymous quadrant hemianopsia
metamorphopsia
1494. Man, 34 years old, during active physical activity, felt a headache, like a "hit in the head." Delivered to clinic where, after
examination, a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. What caused the disease?
vegetative-vascular dystonia
diffuse atherosclerosis
blood diseases
cerebral aneurysm
1495. The patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a sudden "dagger" headache in the back of the head,
vomiting. On examination: meningeal symptoms. Liquor is bloody. Make a clinical diagnosis.
hemorrhage in the ventricles of the brain
epidural hematoma
subdural hematoma
1496. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing painful diabetic neuropathy except?
Poor glycemic control
Short duration of disease
Well controlled HbA1C
Low carbohydrate diet
Page 373 of 555
:
develops slowly
develops suddenly
develops imperceptibly for the patient
abdominal are absent, vibration sensitivity is reduced, Babinsky positive. History of obliterating endarteritis. IN During the past
year, several times complained of transient weakness in the lower limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
1499. A woman suddenly, after sleep, developed an intense dizziness, unsteadiness when walking. On examination: slurred
speech. Horizontal small-sweeping nystagmus to the right, ataxia to the right limbs, adiadochokinesis on the right, low muscle
tone in the right limbs. Liquor is transparent. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere of the cerebellum
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum
1500. Patient D., 29 years old, artist, married. 08/27/96 there was a dull pain in the lumbar region, which in the following days
intensi[ed and spread throughout the back. After a week, numbness of the buttocks and perineum arose, and urinary retention.
At the same time, a rose-colored rash appeared on the skin of the abdomen and hands. In the study: Wassermann test and
ImmunoVuorescent Reactions are positive. In CSF: cytosis 450, protein 1.32 g / l, CFR 4+ What is the patient's diagnosis?
Neurosyphilis
Neurorheumatism
Herpetic lesion
Neuro AIDS
Neurobrucellosis
Page 374 of 555
:
steppage gait
1502. A 28-year-old man who has recently immigrated from Brazil presents with 3 months of Vuctuating but slowly progressive
bilateral lower extremity weakness, a little worse on the left side than on the right. After a complete evaluation, a parasite is
diagnosed as the etiology. This organism’s ova usually damage the nervous system at the level of which of the following?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
1503. Which of the additional research methods are not used for diagnosis of vascular diseases of the brain:
echoencephaloscopy
computed tomography
doppler ultrasound
cerebral angiography
1504. A 35-year-old woman is bitten by a small doglike wild animal while camping. The animal immediately runs away. Her skin
is barely broken, and, besides feeling a little frightened, she says that she is [ne. Despite this, her friend convinces her to be
evaluated in the nearest emergency room. Which of the following viruses that typically invade the CNS by extending
centripetally (ie, inward away from the periphery) along peripheral nerves is the woman most at risk for?
Mumps
Measles
Varicella zoster
Polio
Rabies
Page 375 of 555
:
1505. A patient was brought to the clinic with severe dizziness. The words the patient fell ill acutely, against the background of
elevated blood pressure, appeared the above complaints, began to fall to the right when walking. Incoordination in right limbs.
Muscle tone S-m Stuart-Holmes positive on right. Set the diagnosis.
trunk ischemic stroke, vestibular syndrome
ischemic stroke in the trunk, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko syndrome
1506. A 35-year-old woman has progressive numbness of the right arm and diFculty seeing objects in the right visual [eld. She
is known to be HIV positive, but has not consistently taken medications in the past. On examination, she appears healthy, but
has a right homonymous hemianopsia and decreased sensory perception in her right upper extremity and face. Her CD4 count
is 75 cells per ?L, and her MRI is consistent with a demyelinating lesion of the left parietooccipital area. CSF PCR for JC virus is
positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment in this case?
Amphotericin B
Cranial radiation
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Intravenous ceftriaxone
1507. A 26-yr-old man comes to the oFce because he has had worsening fatigue and weakness in his legs and arms over the
past 5 months. He says he also has had tingling and numbness in the toes and [ngers during this time. Physical examination
shows loss of deep tendon reVexes. Atrophy of the muscles is minimal. Based on these [ndings, which of the following
peripheral nerve disorders is the most likely diagnosis?
Acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Vasculitis
1508. An epidemiological history is important if you suspect:
for meningococcal meningitis
for herpetic meningoencephalitis
for fungal meningitis
for meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Page 376 of 555
:
1509. This sign is used to diagnose meningitis:
Hormans
Brudzinski
Babinskii
Tourette
1510. What is the level of damage that is characteristic of the development of weakness in standing on the heels?
L5 spine
L4 roots
L3 roots
L2 roots
L1 spine
1511. An 18-year-old man notices tingling about his ankles 2 weeks after an upper respiratory tract infection. Within 2 days, he
has weakness in dorsiVexion of both feet, and within 1 week he develops problems with walking. He has no loss of bladder or
bowel control. His weakness progresses rapidly over the ensuing week and necessitates his being placed on a ventilator to
support his breathing. He is quadriplegic, but retains control of his eye movements. CSF studies reveal a protein content of
greater than 1 g/dL with a normal white cell count. There are no red blood cells in the CSF.
Tabes dorsalis
HTLV-I infection
1512. A 54-year-old woman, a kindergarten teacher, went to the polyclinic to see a neurologist. Complaints of severe, stabbing
pain in the right half of the chest, aggravated by movement, and therefore, was hospitalized in the surgical department.
Ultrasound of the internal organs and biochemical blood tests did not reveal any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Give
this patient a preliminary diagnosis?
Endocarditis
Plexopathy
Neuralgia of the axillary nerve
Intercostal neuralgia
Page 377 of 555
:
serous meningitis
diagnosis?
1515. Where is the lesion localized in case of central paresis of mimic muscles?
Facial nerve root
Trigeminal nerve
Inferior precentral gyrus
Cortico-spinal tract
1516. Patients with Guillain-Barrй syndrome (GBS) typically present with Vaccid weakness as well as sensory abnormalities.
Similar symptoms can result from other conditions such as myasthenia gravis, botulism, tick paralysis, and West Nile virus,
making diagnosing GBS diFcult. Which of the following [ndings in patients with botulism best differentiates it from GBS?
Fixed dilated pupils
Intermittent weakness
Paralysis with intact sensation
Weakness worsened by exertion
Page 378 of 555
:
1517. The patient was admitted with complaints of double vision, weakness in right limbs. Examination revealed ischemic trunk
stroke. Prescribe treatment.
1518. A 56-year-old patient, after active physical activity, felt a headache, pain, fell, lost consciousness. From the anamnesis:
20 years old suffers from hypertension disease. Objectively: BP 200/110 mm Hg, temperature 37.2ºС, respiration Cheyne-
Stokes. Coma. "Sail" syndrome on the right, hyperreVexia on the left, muscle tone is low. The right foot is rotated outwards.
Meningeal signs are indistinct. Liquor is bloody. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1519. The presence of ptosis suggests damage to cranial nerve:
IV
III
VII
Page 379 of 555
:
1520. A 41-year-old homosexual man is brought to medical attention by his partner because of headache, sluggish mentation,
and impaired ambulation worsening over the previous week. The patient is known to be HIV seropositive, but has done well in
the past and has not sought regular medical attention. On examination, his responses are slow and he has some diFculty
sustaining attention. He has a right hemiparesis with increased reVexes on the right. Routine cell counts and chemistries are
normal. A contrast head CT reveals several ring-enhancing lesions. Eventually, surgical aspiration of one of the lesions reveals
that they are abscesses. Abscesses in the brain most often develop from which of the following?
Hematogenous spread of infection
Penetrating head wounds
Superinfection of neoplastic foci
Dental trauma
Neurosurgical intervention
1521. The number of cells in CSF should be no more than:
4-5 in 1 mm3.
8-10 in 1 mm3.
20 in 1 mm3.
90-100 in 1 mm3.
1522. Patients who are suspected of having Guillain-Barrй syndrome (GBS) should be treated emergently in the ICU. They
require constant monitoring to determine the severity of the disease and appropriate treatment options. Which of the following
steps, if done early, shortens the disease course and reduces the incidence of permanent paralysis?
Heat therapy
Immobilization
Corticosteroids
Plasma exchange
Page 380 of 555
:
1523. Mrs. S is a 34-year-old female who works as a secretary at a law [rm and spends 80% of the day sitting in front of a
computer screen. Mrs. S complains of trouble with speaking and drinking. Eye dryness has also made it diFcult for her to look
at a computer screen for extended periods of time. She was taken to the hospital after her husband thought she was having a
stroke due to a right-sided facial droop. The doctors ruled out stroke as a possible option and diagnosed her with Bell's Palsy. A
positive HSV1 test and a previous diagnosis of high blood pressure and diabetes helped establish the diagnosis. Mrs. S was
prescribed corticosteroids to reduce inVammation and swelling as well as ibuprofen for pain as needed. What is most likely
diagnosis?
Facial neuritis
Bell`s palsy
paresis. In Liquor - millions of erythrocytes, Pandey reaction, benzidine test positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1525. Differentiated therapy for hemorrhagic stroke includes all of the above except:
dehydrating drugs
anticoagulants
hematoma removal operations for hemorrhages in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
1526. The damage to IX, X & XII cranial nerves produce:
bulbar palsy
pseudobulbar palsy
Argyle-Robertson syndrome
Page 381 of 555
:
1527. A 56-year-old patient complains of doubling, numbness of the right half of the face, uncertainty in the right and weakness
in the left limbs. The above complaints disturb for several hours. history of diabetes type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension.
Objectively: conscious, adequate. There are no cerebral or meningeal symptoms. All symptoms in the morning regressed. CT
showed no focal symptoms. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
1528. Man, 47 years old, worked near an open window. After 12 hours, he noted the appearance of a skewed face to the left,
food stuck between the right cheek and gums. Objectively: facial asymmetry, skin folds are smoothed on the right, the mouth is
pulled to the left, the corner of the mouth is lowered on the right and the nasolabial fold is smoothed, the right eye is wider than
the left, it waters and does not close, the right cheek sails. There is no other pathology. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myositis of the face
Facial hemispasm
Neuropathy of the facial nerve
1529. Classic symptoms of meningitis usually include ?
Fever, Headache, Stiff neck
Backache, Hallucination, Indigestion
Rash, Inner ear pain, Itching
Dry skin, Dehydration, Cold sores
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
polimyelitis
Page 382 of 555
:
1531. A young man had a sharp headache in the parietal region, vomiting, then developed local convulsions that generalized
into an epileptic seizure. SP doctor on examination determined blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, pulse 90 beats per minute,
disturbance of consciousness - coma, bilateral pathological reVexes, sharply pronounced meningeal syndrome. Liquor is
bloody. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
"Mo"key brush". "ain, paresthesia and hyperesthesia in the zone of innervation.
Paresthetic myalgia (Roth-Bernhardt disease)
1533. A 67-year-old man was brought to the clinic by an ambulance. On examination right-sided central hemiparesis in the leg -
1 point, in the arm - 4 points, right-sided central monoparesis, deviation of the tongue to the right. At CSF analysis showed no
changes. CT – determined hypodense focus in the left hemisphere. Set the diagnosis.
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, the posterior cerebral arteries
ischemic stroke in the brainstem
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, the channel of the anterior cerebral arteries
1534. Peripheral nervous system of human has ___________ pairs of spinal nerves.
21
11
31
12
Page 383 of 555
:
1535. The patient was delivered to the emergency room with suspected cerebral ischemic cardioembolic stroke. Decide on
tactics examinations.
general clinical examinations, ultrasound, echo-EG, EEG, REG
general clinical examinations, CT, neurosurgeon's consultation.
general clinical tests, CSF puncture, CT, ultrasound, angiography, therapist consultation
1536. A 28-year-old patient during examination reveals a slowdown in psychomotor processes, weak attention span,
carelessness, apathy, diFculty in counting and reading, which began to be observed for a month. From the anamnesis: drug
abuser. In CSF: lymphocytic pleocytosis, moderate increase in protein, high titer of antibodies to HIV. Your preliminary
diagnosis:
HIV associated dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Peak Disease
Multiple sclerosis
Residual Encephalopathy
1537. Preganglionic neurons lie within _____________
CNS
Peripheral nervous system
1538. Which of the following subtypes of ischemic stroke is not allocate?
atherothrombotic
hemodynamic
lacunar
cardioembolic
hemolytic
Page 384 of 555
:
1539. A 38-year-old man, who is immunocompromised because of HIV, presents with 1 month of worsening right headache, ear
pain, and fever. He is determined to have malignant external otitis and osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. Culture of the
lesion reveals a fungal etiology. What is the most likely causative organism?
Nocardia
Actinomyces
Aspergillus
Candida
1540. In peripheral nervous system the nerves that arise from spinal cord and brain are called as _____________
Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Temporal nerves
Frontal nerves
vertically), nystagmus, muscle hypotension, muscle stiffness occiput. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
Page 385 of 555
:
diagnosis?
hemorrhagic stroke in the left hemisphere, channel of the left middle cerebral artery
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere in the channel of the left middle cerebral artery
1543. An 82-year-old previously healthy woman with a recent upper respiratory infection presents with generalized weakness,
headache, and blurry vision. For the past 2 weeks she has had upper respiratory symptoms that started with a sore throat, nasal
congestion, and excessive coughing. She went to her primary care doctor 4 days ago and was diagnosed with sinusitis. She was
given a prescription for an antibiotic and took it for 2 days, then stopped. She thereafter had chills, lightheadedness, vomiting,
blurry vision, general achiness, and a headache that started abruptly and has not gotten better since. Except for blurry vision,
she has not had any other visual symptoms. The blurry vision remains when she closes either eye. She also has eye tenderness
with movement and mild photosensitivity. She has no drug allergies. Examination [ndings include temperature of 102.5°F
(39.16°C), nuchal rigidity, and sleepiness. Which of the following is the next most appropriate action in this case?
Get a brain MRI, then perform a lumbar puncture.
Give the patient a prescription for oral azithromycin and let her go home.
Immediately give intravenous ceftriaxone plus ampicillin.
Immediately start intravenous acyclovir.
Obtain CSF and blood cultures and observe the patient until the results come back
1544. Clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular accidents in the vertebrobasilar system has all of the following except:
motor aphasia
systemic dizziness
bulbar disorders
alternating syndromes
nystagmus
Page 386 of 555
:
1545. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) can be fatal in < 2% of patients; however, most patients with GBS improve over a period of
a few months. Some patients experience residual weakness that may require retraining, use of orthopedic appliances, or even
surgery. Which of the following best represents the approximate percentage of adults with GBS who experience residual defects
3 years post diagnosis?
10%
20%
30%
40%
peripheral nerves
the spinal cord
the brainstem
the thalamus
dimculty swallowing
A and B are correct
dimculty swallowing
A and B are correct
Page 387 of 555
:
1549. A man was delivered to the clinic unconscious. BP 190/100 mm Hg At examination: CN - no pathology, no paresis, SHR
uniform. Rigidity neck muscles 6 cm, Kernig's sign is positive on both sides. Liquor -clean. On the fundus - stagnant discs. After
72 hours - BP 135/70 mm Hg Art., the symptoms regressed. Set the diagnosis.
TIA
hypertensive crisis
brain tumor
paresis No. Liquor - millions of erythrocytes, Pandey reaction, benzidine test positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
1551. Which of the following pathologies do not belong to acute disorders cerebral circulation?
cerebral infarction
fainting
TIA
hemorrhagic stroke
1552. The defeat of the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve differs from the supranuclear lesion by the presence of:
dysarthria
tongue mobility restrictions
Ubrillations
concomitant vagus nerve injury
Page 388 of 555
:
1553. A young man developed sharp headache in the parietal region, vomiting, then developed local convulsions that
generalized into an epileptic seizure. SP doctor on examination determined blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, pulse 90 beats per
minute, disturbance of consciousness - coma, bilateral pathological reVexes, sharply pronounced meningeal syndrome. Liquor
is bloody. Which one is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1554. An 82-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1947 presents with left body weakness and neglect. MRI
shows a right frontal lesion, which is subsequently biopsied. The pathology suggests that the patient has recurrent
tuberculosis. This mass lesion most likely consisted of which of the following?
Dysplastic central nervous system (CNS) tissue
Caseating granulomas
Heterotopias
Gram-positive bacteria
Mesial sclerosis
EMG
EEG
headache
nausea
dizziness
Page 389 of 555
:
1557. Dysphasia suggests the impairment of:
speech
gait
swallowing
movement
1558. Do not use for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
thrombolysis
angioprotectors
hemostatics
proteolytic enzyme inhibitors
epineuria
dura mater
pia mater
endoneuria
1560. The presence of Bell's palsy suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
facial
optic
olfactory
vestibular
Page 390 of 555
:
1561. Types of cerebral vascular crises are divided into:
general, regional
vegetative
cardiac
renal
cardiorenal
1562. The _____part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting.
sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic
peripheral
1563. Among the listed mechanisms of ischemic stroke, everything is correct, except:
thrombosis of cerebral vessels
vascular cerebral insumciency
hemorrhages
stealing Phenomenon
arterio-arterial and cardiac embolisms
Page 391 of 555
:
1565. What is the drug of choice for the neurobrucellosis treatment?
Doxycycline
Penicillin
Galantamine
Ceftriaxone
1566. The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:
XI
XII
VIII
1567. A 9-year-old girl is playing in a wooded area of her backyard. She notices a furry animal in the brush. As it does not seem
to fear her, she approaches to pet it. As soon as she touches the creature, it bites her and runs away. Her parents bring her to
the emergency room for evaluation. The emergency room physician is extremely concerned that the patient may have been
exposed to a deadly virus and orders immediate injections of immunoglobulin. From the brain, this pathogen establishes itself
for transmission to another host by spreading to which of the following?
Intestines
Nasopharynx
Lungs
Bladder
Salivary glands
1568. A 52-year-old woman develops progressive dementia, tremors, gait ataxia, and myoclonic jerks over the course of 6
months. Her speech is slow and slurred, and hand movements are clumsy. No members of her immediate family have a history
of degenerative neurological disease. MRI of the head reveals a subtle increase in T2 signal in the basal ganglia bilaterally. EEG
reveals disorganized background activity with periodic sharp-wave discharges that occur repetitively at 1-second intervals and
extend over both sides of the head. Arteriogram reveals no vascular abnormalities. The clinical picture is most consistent with
Multi-infarct dementia
Tabes dorsalis
Friedreich disease (Friedreich ataxia)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Spongiform encephalopathy
Page 392 of 555
:
1569. What is the syndrome in which there is no reaction of pupils to the light during normal convergence and accommodation:
Weber's syndrome.
Claude's syndrome.
Schmidt syndrome.
Argil-Robertson syndrome.
1570. A 64-year-old right handed man described three episodes of double vision, followed by vertigo and sudden onset
numbness/weakness of the right side of his face and right arm. Each attack lasted around 10 minutes, and was associated with
a dull headache. He presented to the Emergency Department after the third episode where he still had symptoms. His past
medical history comprised hypertension, migraine and atrial [brillation. He had never smoked. He was taking ramipril 10mg od
and simvastatin 40mg nocte. On examination he had weakness (4/5) of his right arm and leg with incoordination of the right
side and diFculty walking. His speech was normal. Examination of the eyes revealed a horizontal nystagmus, the fast
component of which changed direction when he looked to the right and then to the left. His NIH Stroke Score was calculated to
be 4. An urgent CT scan of the head was normal. What is the next best step in management?
ateplase 0.9 mg/kg intravenously
aspirin 300mg orally
clexane 1.5mg/kg subcutaneously
clopidogrel 300mg orally
sumatriptan 2mg subcutaneously
1571. Ms. Z, a 30-year-old pregnant female, recreational badminton player, who spontaneously woke up with the inability to
voluntarily move the right side of her face, including the inability to close her right eye, and slight drooping at the corner of her
mouth. She tried to explain to her husband what was happening, but lacked the motor control to enunciate words. In a panic, he
noticed she had facial drooping and mistook the lack of motor control for slurring of her words-- he thought she was having a
stroke. Remembering the acronym, F.A.S.T., he called the ambulance. However, given her presentation and exceptional health
history, the attending physician ended up excluding a stroke as a possible diagnosis. He thought Ms. Z's signs and symptoms
better matched with Bell's Palsy because everything aligned perfectly with a Grade 5 on the House-Brackmann facial nerve
scale. She was prescribed ______________ and referred on to a neurologist who con[rmed the diagnosis of Bell's Palsy with
electroneuronography. The neurologist referred her to an ophthalmologist who prescribed her lubricating eye drops and
suggested that she wore a pair of sunglasses or safety glasses to prevent any corneal drying and scratches. The opthamologist
recommended that Ms. Z partook in physiotherapy for treatment so that she can safely return to badminton and everyday
functioning without long-term implications.
corticosteroids
antibiotics
anticoagulants
TPA
Page 393 of 555
:
1572. Haemophilus inVuenza is responsible for meningitis in which category of people ?
Neonates
Extremely aged people
Infants and children
None of the above
1574. Peripheral neuropathy can lead to numbness and sometimes pain and weakness in the arms and legs.
True
False
1575. The etiology of peripheral diabetic neuropathy includes?
Length dependent axonopathy
Spinal cord injury
Extensive involvement of the motor neurons
Proximal > distal axonopathy
serous meningitis
Page 394 of 555
:
liver disease
heart disease (arrhythmia, etc.)
lung diseases
1578. Trigeminal nerve impairment produces the following symptoms:
plegia in half of the face
ache paroxysm in half of the face
disturbance of swallowing
ache in half of the head
1579. In a patient with severe hypertension, on the background of blood pressure 230/120 mmHg developed a sudden
serous meningitis
1580. Over the course of 6 months, a 50-year-old immigrant from Eastern Europe develops problems with bladder control, an
unsteady gait, and pain in his legs. On examination, it is determined that he has absent deep tendon reVexes in his legs,
markedly impaired vibration sense in his feet, and a positive Romberg sign. Despite his complaint of unsteady gait, he has no
problems with rapid alternating movement of the feet, and no tremors are evident. He has normal leg strength. The pain in his
legs is sharp, stabbing, and paroxysmal. His serum glucose and glycohemoglobin levels are normal.
Tabes dorsalis
HTLV-I infection
Page 395 of 555
:
1581. A 52-year-old generally healthy woman has had a gradual neurological deterioration over the past 6 to 8 months. It began
with depression and a mild change in personality. Eventually she developed weakness and nonpurposeful movements of her left
hand, as well as signi[cant cognitive decline. All serologies were negative. MRI showed abnormal restricted diffusion in
portions of the cortical gray matter and deep nuclei. Electroencephalography (EEG) had diffuse slowing and triphasic waves.
Routine spinal Vuid examination in this patient would be expected to show which of the following?
No abnormalities on routine studies
Elevated protein
More than 100 lymphocytes
More than 1000 red blood cells
Decreased glucose
1582. The patient, 35 years old, complains about burning pain in the right side of the face, mainly in the area of ??the upper and
lower jaw. The pain is of a paroxysmal nature lasting 1-3 sec. Attacks of pains occur during chewing, talking, washing. For the
[rst time pains appeared 3 months ago after the Vu. In the neurological status: soreness in the exit points of the II and III
branches of the right trigeminal nerve. No other neurologic symptoms. What is most likely diagnosis?
Facial neuritis
Bell`s palsy
hemorrhagic stroke. Prescribe treatment.
angioprotectors, inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, hemo statics
1584. What are the symptoms of a stroke:
cerebral
focal
no correct answer
Page 396 of 555
:
1585. What symptom is typical for cerebrovascular accident in basin of the anterior cerebral artery:
hemiplegia
hemianopsia
hemianesthesia of all types of sensitivity
hemiataxia
paresis of the lower extremities
1586. A 35-year-old woman who has received a liver transplant develops meningeal signs and fever. Cerebrospinal Vuid (CSF)
testing with India ink stain reveals a fungal infection. Which of the following is the cause of this patient’s fungal meningitis?
Aspergillus
Candida
Mucor
Cryptococcus
Rhizopus
1587. Spinal cord and brain are wrapped in protective membranes known as ___________
Nodes of Ranvier
Meninges
Axomembranes
Myelin sheath
serological
coagulogram
Page 397 of 555
:
1589. Which of the following is not a part of peripheral nervous system?
Cranial nerve
Ganglion
Spinal nerve
Spinal cord
1590. All of the spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system are classi[ed as
temporal nerves
sensory nerves
motor nerves
mixed nerves
kidney disease
liver disease
1592. What is related to secondary neuroAIDS?
Vascular Neuro AIDS
HIV-associated myelopathy
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
Lyme Disease
1593. A 67-year-old patient with a history of myocardial infarction after an emotional load suddenly appeared weakness in the
left limbs, violations speech. Objectively: BP 130/80 mm Hg. dysphonia, elements of dysarthria, dysphagia, no pharyngeal
reVex, contralateral hemiparesis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 398 of 555
:
"Monkey brush". Pain, paresthesia and hyperesthesia in the zone of innervation.
1595. Intracerebral hemorrhage most often occurs in patients with:
60 - 65 years
45 - 60 years
65 - 70 years
1596. The patient was delivered to the emergency room with suspected cerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Determine the survey
tactics
general clinical tests, CSF puncture, CT, ultrasound, consultation Neurosurgeon
general clinical tests, ultrasound, echo-EG, EEG, REG
general clinical tests, CT, neurosurgeon's consultation
1597. A 66-year-old patient suffers from cerebral atherosclerosis, IHD. In the morning, after sleep weakened the left limbs. In
Page 399 of 555
:
1598. A 52-year-old woman with acquired immune de[ciency syndrome (AIDS) presents to the emergency room with mild left
hemiparesis and altered mental status. A CT scan reveals several rimenhancing lesions with minimal mass effect. Which of the
following is the best next step in management?
Get a cerebral angiogram.
Order a ventricular CSF aspiration.
Perform a lumbar puncture and include CSF for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) PCR in tests ordered.
Stop all antiretroviral therapy.
Treat with intravenous acyclovir.
1599. Meningitis is de[ned as inVammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space and may be classi[ed under several
different categories. Of these categories, which of the following types is particularly serious due to the speed of its
progression?
Acute bacterial meningitis
Aseptic meningitis
Noninfectious meningitis
Viral meningitis
Page 400 of 555
:
1601. A young patient with a diagnosis of cerebral ischemic cardioembolic stroke in the left hemisphere. Decided perform
thrombolysis. What is the timing of this method?
up to 1 hour from the onset of the disease
up to a day from the onset of the disease
1602. A 50-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with lethargy, fever, and moderately low blood pressure. She has a
fever workup, is started on IV Vuids and antibiotics, and is then admitted to the hospital. A diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis is
made. On day 2 of her admission, she has developed a right upper extremity drift and her speech has decreased Vuency. A head
CT reveals a rim-enhancing lesion in the left frontal lobe. Which of the following is the most common site for formation of this
type of lesion?
Putamen
Thalamus
Head of the caudate
Gray-white junction
Subthalamus
1603. In a patient after sleep, against the background of paroxysm of atrial [brillation developed speech disorders and
weakness in the right limbs. History: coronary artery disease with cardiac arrhythmias. In neurological status: central
monoparesis on the right, right-sided deep hemiparesis, sensory aphasia. In the study of cerebrospinal Vuid and blood, no
pathology revealed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 401 of 555
:
1604. After dinner, the patient suddenly developed severe vomiting, fainting. In neurological status: severe condition, general
hyperhidrosis, hyperemia skin. Muscle tone in the arms and legs is variable, predominantly low, tetraplegia, bulbar syndrome,
meningeal symptoms. Which most likely diagnosis?
1605. Which of the following medications has the least eFcacy in the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy?
Gabapentin
Amitriptyline
Pregablin
Paroxetine
1606. A young woman complains of intense dizziness, aggravated by a change in body position, accompanied by nausea,
repeated vomiting, unsteadiness when walking, weakness, numbness in right limbs. The above complaints developed acutely,
morning after sleep. From the anamnesis it is known that the patient has been suffering for many years rheumatism. Determine
the diagnosis:
ischemic stroke of the trunk, vestibular syndrome
ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere
1607. Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include all the following, except:
bloody cerebrospinal [uid
Kernig's symptoms, neck stiffness
damage to the oculomotor nerves
unaltered cerebrospinal [uid
cerebral symptoms and psychomotor agitation
Page 402 of 555
:
1608. A 70-year-old man presents with right body (face and arm > leg) weakness, which he says has gradually developed over
several months. Medical history includes hypertension, smoking, and the occasional use of prostitutes. RPR serological testing
is positive. Which of the following consequences of this patient’s likely diagnosis may present a picture easily confused with
brain tumor?
A reaction to penicillin treatment occurs.
An intracranial gumma forms.
Tabes dorsalis is the primary manifestation of the disease.
Meningovascular disease develops.
The patient is a newborn with congenital acquired disease.
1609. Bipolar neurons have ___________
Two axons
One axon and one dendrite
One axon and one presynaptic terminal
Two presynaptic terminals
1610. To con[rm the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage use the following research method:
echoencephaloscopy
craniography and spondylography
rheoencephalography
cerebrospinal [uid examination
blood coagulogram
1611. Subarachnoid hemorrhage most often occurs in patients with:
45 - 50 years
50 - 60 years
30 - 60 years
Page 403 of 555
:
1612. What is the condition requiring urgent surgical care?
Discogenic sciatica
Discogenic radiculoischemia
1613. The most common cause of cerebral infarction are:
cerebral atherosclerosis
in[ammation of the vessels of the meninges
Ubromuscular dysplasia
demyelinating diseases
1614. A 56-year-old patient, after active physical activity, felt a headache. pain, fell, lost consciousness. From the anamnesis:
20 years old suffers from hypertension disease. Objectively: BP 200/110 mm Hg, temperature 37.2ºС, respiration Cheyne-
Stokes. Coma. "Sail" syndrome on the right, hyperreVexia on the left, muscle tone is low. The right foot is rotated outwards.
Meningeal signs are indistinct. Liquor is bloody. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1615. High pleocytosis in normal and slightly increased amount of protein is called:
subarachnoid space block syndrome.
meningeal syndrome.
Page 404 of 555
:
1616. In a patient after sleep, on the background of paroxysm of atrial [brillation developed speech disorders and weakness in
the right limbs. History: coronary artery disease with cardiac arrhythmias. In neurological status: central monoparesis on the
1617. White matter consists of _____________
Neuron cell bodies
Unmyelinated axons and neuron cell bodies
Myelinated axons
Unmyelinated dendrites
1618. A 91-year-old woman has 3 days of gradually worsening fever and headache. She then develops blurry vision and a stiff
neck. Her granddaughter becomes concerned and brings her to the emergency room. MRI with contrast has an enhancement
pattern suggesting rhombencephalitis. CSF shows a mild pleocytosis with no organisms. All blood and CSF cultures are
negative. Which of the following medications is the best treatment for the organism likely responsible for the patient’s
condition?
Penicillin G
Ampicillin plus gentamicin
Tetracycline
Ceftriaxone
Rifampin
1619. When diagnosing meningitis, which of the following [ndings is a key indicator of meningeal irritation?
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
Nuchal rigidity
Page 405 of 555
:
1620. A 64-year-old patient was delivered by the SMP from home in an unconscious state. BP 230/120 mm Hg according to
relatives yesterday did not answer phone calls, this morning found lying on the Voor unconscious with traces of vomit. History
of hypertension for more than 15 years. The condition is severe, the skin is red, sticky sweat. Breath noisy, frequent, rhythmic.
The level of consciousness is coma. Muscle stiffness neck, positive Kernig's sign on both sides. The pupils are narrow, the
reaction to light is reduced, left-sided hemiparesis. Liquor - red with 3 test tubes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
1621. A man suffering from arterial hypertension, on the background of BP 190/100 mm Hg, felt a headache, dizziness,
photophobia, nausea. In neurological status: severe meningeal syndrome, paresis, sensory disorders are absent. After
normalization blood pressure after 48 hours, the condition was completely restored. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1622. InVammation of brain parenchyma refers to?
Bacterial meningitis
Myelitis
Bacterial encephalitis
None of the above
Page 406 of 555
:
1623. A 13-year-old boy is brought into the emergency room lethargic with a stiff neck and fever. Despite aggressive therapy,
the child dies. Postmortem evaluation reveals that the child had primary amebic meningoencephalitis. This condition is usually
acquired through which of the following means?
Freshwater swimming
Eating contaminated meat
Eating calves’ brains
Anal intercourse
Animal bites
serous meningitis
1625. A 68-year-old patient was delivered from an emergency hospital with complaints of awkwardness and numbness in left
limbs. I fell ill this morning when the above complaints. BP 170/90 mm Hg with a history of CAD, transmural infarction, atrial
[brillation. Medium condition gravity, conscious, contact. cerebral and meningeal there are no symptoms. Central paresis of the
facial and hypoglossal nerve, left-sided hemiparesis, Babinski's symptom on the left, left-sided hemihypesthesia. With a lumbar
puncture, a clear transparent liquor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Page 407 of 555
:
1626. Common symptoms of peripheral diabetic neuropathy include all of the following except?
Numbness
Paresthesias
Poorly localized pain distant from the source of injury
Burning pain
1627. In a man, 30 years old, during the last 6 months, there was weakness of the masticatory muscles on the left. Objectively:
there is no mandibular reVex on the left, sensitivity is not disturbed, malnutrition and hypotension of the masticatory muscles
on the left, deviation of the lower jaw to the left when opening the mouth is noted. Determine the localization of the pathological
process.
Vagus nerve on the left
Left motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve on the right side
Right motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
1628. Nurse Amber is caring for a client who underwent a lumbar laminectomy two (2) days ago. Which of the following [ndings
should the nurse consider abnormal?
More back pain than the Urst postoperative day.
Paresthesia in the dermatomes near the wounds.
Urine retention or incontinence.
Temperature of 99.2° F (37.3° C).
1629. A 55-year-old woman has progressive dementia over the past year. Within the past 3 months she has also developed
dysarthria, myoclonus, intention tremor, and hyperreVexia. CSF VDRL is positive. This patient’s symptoms are being caused by
A response to penicillin treatment
An autoimmune reaction
An acute meningoencephalitis
A chronic meningoencephalitis
A chronic rhombencephalitis
Page 408 of 555
:
1630. A patient complains of speech diFculties, choking during food, nasal voice. Deviation is determined in the neurological
status tongue to the left, no pharyngeal reVex, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, mild left-sided hemiparesis. Set the diagnosis:
ischemic stroke in the brain stem, bulbar syndrome
ischemic stroke in the trunk, Jackson's syndrome
serous meningitis
1632. What is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy?
autonomic neuropathy
focal neuropathy
peripheral neuropathy
proximal neuropathy
1633. An increase in the concentration of neutrophils over 1000 in 1 mm3 in the cerebrospinal Vuid indicates:
multiple sclerosis.
brain tumors.
Page 409 of 555
:
1634. Marie Smith, a 53-year-old female, arrived at the emergency department complaining of weakness and discomfort in her
extremities. Marie explained she had been feeling numbness and tingling in her toes for two weeks now, with symptoms
progressively worsening. One month prior, Marie was diagnosed with COVID-19 and attributed her symptoms as residual effects
of the infection.[5] Over the past 3 days, Marie had experienced increased weakness and impaired motor skills. She noted a
speci[c diFculty holding her toothbrush and brushing her teeth, inVuencing her to seek medical attention. Due to her rapidly
progressing signs and symptoms, Marie was admitted to the hospital. Marie's status worsened the next week while in hospital.
She was unable to move her upper or lower extremities and had trouble breathing and swallowing. Marie was admitted to the
intensive care unit (ICU) where she was provided with supplemental oxygen to assist with breathing and a nasogastric (NG) tube
was inserted to provide nutrition. What is most likely diagnosis?
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
in[ammatory progressive polyneuropathy
leukoencepahlomyelitis
Gullaine-Barre syndrome
thermoregulation
hormonal
1636. Indicate in what area is pain localized in case of lumbar ischialgia?
In the lower back with radiation to the lower extremities
Page 410 of 555
:
1637. A 67-year-old man presents with headache, fever, disorientation, and seizures. CSF testing establishes that the patient
has the most common form of acute encephalitis. The CSF changes late in the course of this disease typically include which of
the following?
An increased number of lymphocytes
A glucose content of less than two-thirds the serum level
A protein content of less than 45 mg/dL
A normal opening pressure
A predominance of polymorphonuclear white blood cells (WBCs)
reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. The foot is deformed. What is your preliminary
diagnosis?
Idiopathic epilepsy
Myasthenia gravis
Bell's palsy
Tabes Dorsalis
1639. Which of these may be a long-term problem after a stroke?
paralysis or weakness on one side of the body
problems with thinking or memory
problems with language
pain in the hands and feet
all of the above
Page 411 of 555
:
1640. A 31-year-old homosexual man has had headache, sleepiness, and poor balance that have worsened over the past week.
The patient is known to be HIV seropositive, but has done well in the past and has not seen a doctor in over 1 year. On
examination, his responses are slow and he has some diFculty sustaining attention. He has a right hemiparesis with increased
reVexes on the right. Routine cell counts and chemistries are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in
management?
Head computed tomography (CT) with contrast
Noncontrast head CT
Perform a lumbar puncture
Start antiretroviral therapy
Start intravenous heparin
Viral infections
Diabetes
ionizing radiation
Arterial hypertension
minutes from the onset of the disease. What is the treatment (differentiated) most indicated for the patient with the exclusion of
hemorrhagic nature stroke during the “therapeutic window”?
neurosurgical
symptomatic
hirudotherapy
nootropics
thrombolytics and direct anticoagulants
Page 412 of 555
:
1643. The pathologic specimen depicted here shows the only intracranial lesion found in this patient. This patient would be
expected to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Seizures
Gait ataxia
Hemiparesis
Visual loss
Hallucinations
1644. What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
nerve damage caused by diabetes
weight gain caused by diabetes
vision loss caused by diabetes
light sensitivity cause by diabetes
1645. In the peripheral nervous system, the nerves that arise from brain are called
frontal nerves
temporal nerves
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
Th12-L1
L2-L3
L4-S3
Th7-Th9
Page 413 of 555
:
1647. The patient was admitted to the clinic in a state of moderate severity after 2 hours from the onset of the disease. On
examination, a right-sided deep hemiparesis, speech disorder. Diagnosed after examination cerebral ischemic cardioembolic
stroke. Which of the methods treatment can be used to treat the patient?
thrombolysis
plasmapheresis
hemosorption
hemodilution
liquorosorption
1648. _____ neurons carry messages to the central nervous system
Motor
Inter
Sensory
Fun
1649. The patient was admitted with complaints of double vision, weakness in right limbs. Examination revealed ischemic brain
stem stroke. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures:
anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, neuroprotectors, brain metabolites, venotonics
the least common type of hemorrhagic stroke
the most common type of lacunar stroke
the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke
Page 414 of 555
:
1651. The parasympathetic nervous sytem does not:
slow heart rate
accelerate heart rate
stimulate salivary secretion
stimulate peristalsis
1652. The patient was admitted with complaints of weakness, hypesthesia in the left limbs that regressed in a day. On
examination diagnosed with transient ischemic attack in the right hemisphere. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures.
1653. A 35-year-old man complains of attacks of pain in the area of the left side of his face that occur during talking, chewing,
touching the wings of the nose on the left, accompanied by reddening of the skin and spasm of mimic muscles. In the interictal
period, there is pain on palpation of the infraorbital point on the left, increased sensitivity in the region of the upper jaw. There
are carious teeth. There is no other pathology. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Migraine
Chronic sinusitis
Diffuse pulpitis
Neuritis of the facial nerve
spinal stroke
hematomyelia
adult poliomyelitis
Page 415 of 555
:
1655. What is an express method for diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhages?
CT
MRI
ultrasound
CSF puncture
EEG
1657. A 75-year-old man developed sudden left sided numbness and weakness which was still present at the time of
assessment in the Emergency Department. He had been given 300mg aspirin orally by paramedics. His past medical history
comprised paroxysmal AF which had been DC cardioverted. He was not taking any regular medication. He was a right handed
driver with no other past medical history. On examination, he had objective reduced power on the left side of his body (4/5) but
no other abnormality. He was alert and orientated. His NIH Stroke Score was calculated to be 3. He was admitted to the Acute
Stroke Unit where an MRI scan of the brain revealed a right thalamic infarct. What is the next best step in management?
ambulatory ECG to look for paroxysmal AF
anticoagulation
aspirin 300mg od orally
carotid Doppler study
clopidogrel 75 mg od orally
Page 416 of 555
:
Achilles reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. The foot is deformed. What form of
neurosyphilis does this patient have?
Acute syphilitic meningitis
Progressive paralysis
Tabes Dorsalis
Gumma of the brain
1659. The content of chloride in the cerebrospinal Vuid normally ranges from:
80-110 mmol / l
40-60 mmol / l
230-260 mmol / l
120-130 mmol / l
1660. A 32-year-old intravenous drug abuser presents with more than 2 weeks of left body weakness. Brain CT scan reveals
several ring-enhancing lesions, and an HIV test is positive. Serological, CSF, and MRI testing support the diagnosis of an
obligate intracellular parasite. Which of the following is the best treatment for HIV associated with this opportunistic infection?
Neurosurgical removal of the lesions
Oral [uconazole
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Thiabendazole
1661. Paresis of the extensors of the hand and [ngers, violation of the supination of the hand and abduction of the thumb -
characteristic signs of the lesion:
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
external musculocutaneous nerve
Page 417 of 555
:
hemorrhagic stroke. Determine the scope of therapeutic measures.
angioprotectors, inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, hemostatics
1663. Indicate in what area is pain localized in case of lumbar lesion?
In the lower back with irradiation to the lower extremities
1664. A 51-year-old woman with an 8-month history of neurological decline dies after a severe bout of aspiration pneumonia.
Autopsy of her brain reveals extensive loss of granule cells in the cerebellum and other changes most obvious in the cerebellar
cortex. Fine vacuoles give the brain a spongiform appearance. No senile plaques are evident. The patient could have acquired
this progressive disease through which of the following means?
Sexual intercourse
A blood transfusion
Consumption of raw Ush
An upper respiratory infection
Growth hormone treatment
1665. During recovery from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), a female client is given nothing by mouth, to help prevent
aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's swallowing ability once each
shift. This assessment evaluates:
Cranial nerves I and II.
Cranial nerves III and V.
Cranial nerves VI and VIII.
Cranial nerves IX and X.
Page 418 of 555
:
1667. A 74-year-old woman complains of severe headache, photophobia, nausea, weakness in the right limbs. Severe, deep
condition stunning, speech contact is diFcult due to aphasia. Holding on to the hand head. Roughly expressed meningeal
syndrome. pupils are even, photoreaction is saved. Right-sided hemiparesis, muscle tone reduced in the right limbs. Liquor is
bloody. CT – plot increased density 30x30x25 mm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere, right middle rudder cerebral artery
hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere, the channel of the left middle cerebral artery
purulent meningitis
1668. Peripheral nerve disorders can result from damage or dysfunction to the cell body, myelin sheath, axons, or
neuromuscular junction. Peripheral neuropathies can affect one or several sites in the body. Peripheral neuropathy due to
ischemia is most likely to result in which of the following nervous system disorders?
Femoral nerve infarction
Guillain-Barrй syndrome
Lyme disease
Radial nerve palsy
Page 419 of 555
:
1669. A 68-year-old male with complaints of burning and tingling in both his feet that has been increasing in severity over the
past 9 months. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes mellitus type 2 for which he has been treated with diet,
exercise, and Glucophage for the past 15 years. He admits that he does not always take his medication and he does not always
check his blood glucose. He also admits that he indulges in sugary treats despite knowing it is not the best for him. He [rst
noticed some mild tingly in his feet bilaterally about 3 years ago. Since that time, he reports that the tingling has increased and
is now painful. In addition, it now involves his lower extremities up to his shins. He rates his pain a 7/10 on a numeric rating
scale. He states it is becoming more diFcult to wear his shoes because of the pain. In addition, he notes that the pain is worse
at night. He denies any foot ulcers. The patient is a slightly obese male who appears in moderate distress. His blood pressure is
145/85 and his heart rate is 85. His cardiac and respiratory examination is within normal limits. His abdomen is soft and non-
tender, and he has normal active bowel sounds. Examination of the skin on his feet and lower extremities reveals slightly
chapped skin of a ruddy complexion. He has decreased sensation to pin-prick on his feet bilaterally. He also has slightly
decreased sensation to vibration bilaterally on his feet. His proprioception is within normal limits. His strength is normal in all
extremities. He has decreased reVexes in his Achilles bilaterally. He has evidence of allodynia to light touch in a stocking
distribution in his bilateral lower extremities. His HbA1C is 10.2. What is this patient's likely diagnosis?
mononeuropathy of tibial nerve
radiculitis of L1-L5
peripheral diabetic mononeuropathy
peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy
1670. Ischemic stroke is divided into:
atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, lacunar
hemodynamic, hemorheological microocclusion stroke
no correct answer
1671. Following several days of low-grade fever and mild neck and head pain, a 10-year-old boy develops bilateral face
drooping and diFculty fully closing his eyes. Serum is positive for Borrelia burgdorferi IgM. CSF polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) is also positive for this organism’s DNA. After B burgdorferi is introduced by the tick that carries it, the skin around the
bite develops which of the following?
An exfoliative dermatitis
Purpura
Localized edema
Erythema chronicum migrans
Vesicular lesions
Page 420 of 555
:
1672. Patient , 66 years old, suffers from cerebral atherosclerosis, IHD. In the morning,after sleep weakened the left limbs. In
1674. A patient suffering from coronary artery disease for a long time suddenly developed left-sided monoparesis and right-
sided central hemiparesis with increased tendon reVexes and abnormal foot signs. Cerebrospinal Vuid - transparent in 3 test
tubes. Install diagnosis:
ischemic stroke in the brain stem, Miyar-Gubler syndrome
Page 421 of 555
:
1675. Damage to the facial nerve in the region of the cerebellopontine angle is not typical for:
decreased corneal re[ex
hyperacusis
taste disturbance in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
combined lesion of the V and VIII pairs
1676. Indications for surgical treatment of hemorrhagic stroke are:
severe disorders of vital functions
regression of neurological disorders
lowering high blood pressure
deep coma
appearance of dislocation symptoms
1677. A 21-year-old college student was found walking around his dormitory naked. He is disoriented, inattentive, and shows
poor comprehension. In the emergency room he is found to have a fever of 102°F (38.8°C). There are no apparent motor,
sensory, or coordination abnormalities. The emergency room physician orders a brain MRI and then decides to perform a
lumbar puncture. Neuroimaging of the brain before attempting a lumbar puncture is advisable in cases of acute encephalitis for
which one of the following reasons?
The diagnosis may be evident on the basis of MRI alone.
Massive edema in the temporal lobe may make herniation imminent.
The CT picture may determine whether a brain biopsy should be obtained.
Shunting of the ventricles is usually indicated, and the imaging studies are needed to direct the placement of the shunt.
It may establish which pathology is responsible.
1678. In a patient with severe hypertension, on the background of blood pressure230/120 mmHg developed a sudden
serous meningitis
Page 422 of 555
:
1679. If Jessica accidentally touches the stove while cooking and she immediately pulls her hand back, this is an example of
the WHAT nervous system?
Autonomic
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
1680. To study the patency of the subarachnoid space using the Kveckenstedt test, you should:
tilt the patient’s head forward
squeeze jugular veins
press on the anterior abdominal wall
tilt the patient's head back
1681. The patient complains of numbness of the right limbs, doubling of objects before your eyes. Examination revealed
convergent strabismus, right-sided hemiparesis up to 3 points. There are no general symptoms. Liquor is transparent. Set the
diagnosis.
chronic cerebrovascular accident in the brainstem brain
ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar basin
1682. Which of the following cells is found in peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Page 423 of 555
:
1683. To the basic treatment of acute cerebrovascular accidents includes all of the following except:
dehydration agents
prevention and treatment of respiratory failure
treatment of acute cardiovascular disorders
anticoagulants
normalization of systemic hemodynamics
1684. A 38-year-old patient suffers from chronic tonsillitis, suffered from a sore throat a month ago, complains of paroxysmal
pain in the upper part of her face, in the upper jaw on the right. Objectively: hyperesthesia of the upper 2/3 of the face, pain in
the supra- and infraorbital points, the corneal reVex is enhanced on the right, there are no pathological reVexes. Make a
preliminary diagnosis.
Sluder syndrome
Neuralgia of the Urst and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Neuritis of the Urst and second branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Arthritis of the right mandibular joint
1685. The presence of dysphagia suggests damage to cranial nerves:
V-VII
IX-X
VII-XI
III-VI
1686. Which of the following is the most common cause of brain abscess in patients with AIDS?
Toxoplasma gondii
Tuberculosis
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes zoster
Page 424 of 555
:
Th12-L1
L2-L3
L4-S3
Th7-Th9
C7-Th1
1688. A patient developed weakness in her right limbs after sleep, which self-regressed after 45 minutes. In neurological
status: left-sided pyramidal insuFciency, mild hypesthesia is determined. There are no changes in the substance of the brain on
CT. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
serous meningitis
Page 425 of 555
:
1690. A 17-year-old girl presents initially with fever and progressive weakness. An extensive neurological evaluation including
electromyography (EMG)/nerve conduction studies (NCS) suggests a motor neuron disease. The motor neuron disease most
certainly traced to a virus is which of the following?
Poliomyelitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Subacute human immunodeUciency virus (HIV) encephalomyelitis
Kuru
vertically), nystagmus, muscle hypotension, muscle rigidity occiput. What is the most likely diagnosis?
cerebral hemorrhagic stroke in the brain stem of the brain
serous meningitis
minutes from the onset of the disease. What is the “therapeutic window width” for the maximum possible effectiveness of the
treatment of the patient?
up to 24 hours
up to 12 hours
up to 6 hours
up to 4.5 hours
up to 3 hours
Page 426 of 555
:
1693. Ms. R is a 35-year-old female, who works as a news reporter. Ms. R [rst experienced intense pain in the left side of her
face one morning while applying makeup around her forehead and eyebrow region. Later that morning, while [lming a news
report on scene at a road traFc accident, Ms. R began to experience severe pain that was radiating along her left jawline and
into her lower gums. Ms. R thought that this stabbing pain may be due to a dental cavity; however, she thought it was strange
that the pain seemed to intensify with strong wind gusts and recalled the intense facial pain she had experienced earlier that
morning when applying makeup to her face. Initially Ms. R was experiencing 2-3 attacks per day for several weeks, which then
escalated to upwards of 10 attacks per day and were frequently triggered by activities of daily life including speaking, chewing,
applying makeup and brushing her teeth. What is the diagnosis?
otitis media
mastoiditis
optic neuritis
steppage gait
1695. What process is characterized by the following composition of cerebrospinal Vuid: pressure increased, cloudy, protein
increased, neutrophilic pleocytosis, sugar reduced:
arachnoiditis.
epidemic encephalitis.
poliomyelitis.
1696. A patient suddenly fainted after frequent headaches. In neurological status: Voating eyeballs, shortness of breath,
general hyperhidrosis, severe hyperemia of the face, periodically observed hormone syndrome. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Page 427 of 555
:
1697. The most striking neurological complication of von Economo encephalitis (encephalitis lethargica), a type of encephalitis
that occurred in epidemic proportions along with viral inVuenza between 1917 and 1928, was which of the following?
Blindness
Hearing loss
Paraplegia
Parkinsonism
Incontinence
1698. Differentiated therapy for ischemic stroke includes all listed, except:
drugs that normalize cardiac activity
anticoagulants and thrombolytics
antiplatelet agents, rheopolyglucin,
vasoactive agents, euUllin
1699. An elderly woman was taken to the clinic in serious condition. HELL 230/120 mm Hg, pulse 120 beats per minute,
Cheyne-Stokes respiration, temperature - 40C. In the neurological status, diffuse muscle hypotension, Voating eyeballs, s-m
Parino. Liquor is bloody. Set the diagnosis
purulent meningitis
Page 428 of 555
:
Achilles reVexes, a decrease in joint and muscle sensitivity in the legs were found. Direct Argil-Robertson Syndrome. The foot is
deformed. With lumbar puncture, signs of serous inVammation as well as a positive Wasserman reaction. What is your
preliminary diagnosis?
Idiopathic epilepsy
Myasthenia gravis
Bell's palsy
Neurosyphilis
Parkinson's disease
1701. When tick-borne encephalitis is most often affected
the subcortical nodes
the intermediate brain
the middle brain
cerebellum and its connections
cervical segments of the spinal cord and nuclei of the medulla oblongata.
1702. The posterior cerebral artery is characterized by the presence
bitemporal hemianopsia
concentric narrowing of the visual Uelds
amaurosis
1703. Choose from the symptoms listed below those that are not typical for
ltiple Sclerosis:
Repeated tonic-clonic seizures;
multifocal neurological symptoms;
recurrences of retrobulbar neuritis of the optic nerves;
progressive dysfunction of the bladder;
remitting course of the disease
Page 429 of 555
:
1704. Acute necrotic encephalitis causes viruses
Coxsackie
herpes simplex..
measles
parotitis
adenoviruses
1705. For the diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations apply:
radiography of the skull
ultrasound dopplerography
angiography.
rheoencephalography
1706. For the normal composition of the CSF is not typical:
cytosis 2-3 cells. in 1 mm3;
protein 0,23-0,33 g / l;
the level of sugar in the cerebrospinal [uid is equal to the level of sugar in the blood.
1707. Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis may be manifested
Jackson epilepsy.
central lower paraparesis;
central hemiparesis;
central tetraparesis;
Page 430 of 555
:
1708. Motor disorders in the second attack of acute epidemic anterior poliomyelitis arising after the "small disease" and the
subsequent latent period are characterized by the presence of:
muscle hypertrophy
Fibrillar twitchings
spastic paralysis of the extremities
weakness of facial muscles
1709. For acute focal transverse myelitis at the lower thoracic level is not characteristic
ailability
lower paraplegia
conductor type of sensitivity disturbance
violations of the functions of the pelvic organs
[accid paraparesis.
is true 2 and 3
1710. Transitory disorders of cerebral circulation include
hemorrhagic stroke
small stroke
ischemic stroke
1711. The presence of a posterior cerebral artery
bitemporal hemianopsia
concentric narrowing of the visual Uelds
amaurosis
Page 431 of 555
:
1712. One of the [rst symptoms of organic brain damage
hemiparesis.
Bulbar syndrome
paraparesis of the legs
ataxia
tetraparesis
1713. For tuberculous meningitis is not typical:
defeat of the membranes of the base of the brain;
lightning speed.
lymphocytic pleiocytosis in cerebrospinal [uid;
asthenic syndrome;
1714. Syndrome characteristic of multiple sclerosis:
sympathoadrenal crisis
1715. Back pain can be caused by the following organic lesions:
metabolic bone damage
metastases of tumors
tuberculous spondylitis
1716. The following variants of the course of multiple sclerosis are distinguished, except:
remittent
primary-progressive
secondary-progressive
subacute
progressively-relapsing.
Page 432 of 555
:
1717. Small chorea is possible:
in tick-borne encephalitis
With rheumatism in children
in case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
with post-institutional encephalitis
in parkinsonism
1718. Note which structures of the nervous system are affected by dorsal dryness?
optic nerves and pyramidal pathways;
Optic nerves and posterior posts;
pyramidal and spinal-thalamic pathways;
posterior and anterior horns of the spinal cord;
1719. Meningeal syndrome includes all symptoms except:
painful.
general hyperesthesia.
a symptom of the Lesser.
Pathological re[exes.
1720. Serous meningitis can cause the following pathogens, with the exception of
enteroviruses
the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis
pneumococcus
pale treponema.
Page 433 of 555
:
1721. An effective method of treating brain abscess is
massive administration of antibiotics and dehydrating agents
Surgical abscess removal
rinsing abscess with dioxin
rewashing the abscess cavity with antibiotics
use of anti-in[ammatory doses of radiation therapy
1722. Which symptom is not the main on meningitis?
headache;
vomiting;
paraplegia.
rigidity of the occipital muscles;
1723. In viral encephalitis, cerebrospinal Vuid contains:
lymphocytic pleocytosis..
decrease in protein content
increase in chloride content
increase in glucose
1724. For the syndrome of meningism is not typical:
headache, nausea, vomiting;
hyperesthesia of the sense organs;
muscle-tonic phenomena (Kernig symptoms, stiff neck muscles);
painful phenomena (painful palpation of trigeminal points, a positive symptom of Bekhterev);
Page 434 of 555
:
Sudden onset
cerebral symptoms
meningeal symptoms
blood in the liquor
1726. The objective symptoms of meningeal syndrome are all lower
Kernig symptom;
Babinsky's symptom;..
rigidity of the occipital muscles;
symptoms of Brudzinsky (upper, middle, lower);
1727. Differential diagnosis of bacterial purulent meningitis and spontaneous
barachnoid hemorrhage is primarily based on
the presence of meningeal syndrome
increased cerebrospinal [uid pressure
the nature of changes in the cerebrospinal [uid..
echo-encephaloscopy
the rate of development of symptoms
1728. It is not typical for a coma
bilateral symptom of Babinsky
suppression of abdominal re[exes
oppression of pupillary reactions
targeted protective reactions.
Page 435 of 555
:
1729. Serous meningitis does not include:
tubercular;
fungus;
viral;
meningococcal.
1730. When tick-borne encephalitis is most often affected
the subcortical nodes
the intermediate brain
the middle brain
cerebellum and its connections
Cervical segments of the spinal cord and nuclei of the medulla oblongata
1731. For tuberculous meningitis is not typical:
the presence of Ubrin Ulm;
lowering of sugar level;
increase of liquor pressure;
1732. The cause of stroke in children is
anomaly of development of cerebral vessels
persistent arterial hypertension
blood diseases
rheumatic fever
All of the above
Page 436 of 555
:
1733. Typical diagnostic signs of subdural hematoma are obtained
with computed tomography.
in electroencephalography
in the case of spondylography
with rheoencephalography
with craniography
1734. What are the main pathogenetic mechanisms of increasing intracranial pressure:
excessive production of liquor;
dimculty in the out[ow of liquor;
the combination of hypersecretion and the disturbance of liquorodynamics;
all of the above;
all answers are incorrect.
1735. To transient disorders of cerebral circulation are
hemorrhagic stroke
small stroke
ischemic stroke
1736. The clinical picture of dorsal arteries is characterized by all of the above, except
pain syndrome
Sensitive ataxia
Pathological stop signs
decrease of tendon re[exes
Page 437 of 555
:
1737. The reduction in visual acuity in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is due to the lesion of:
mesh casing
Optic nerve
primary visual center in the external geniculate body
radiant crown of grace in the occipital lobe
cortical part of the visual analyzer in the occipital lobe
1738. The term "tabetic crises" in patients with dorsal dryness is denoted by
paroxysms of tachycardia
[uctuation of arterial pressure
Paroxysms of pains of a vomiting, shooting character
episodes of profuse sweating and general weakness
all of the above
1739. What remedy is not used to treat subarachnoid hemorrhage at
surgical treatment;
coagulants and antiUbrinolytic drugs;
sodium ethazylate (dicinone. ;
Heparin,
1740. Demyelinating diseases include polyneuropathy
Guillain-Barre
diabetic
porphyria
hypothyroid
everything is correct
Page 438 of 555
:
1741. Focal symptoms, characteristic for thrombosis of the right middle cerebral artery:
sensory aphasia
left-sided central hemiparesis.
right-sided hemygiphesesia
vomiting
1742. Primary serous meningitis is caused
by microbes
Viruses
mushrooms
the etiology is unknown
1743. The main pathogenetic link in diphtheria poly-neuropathy is a diphtheria toxin blockation of:
retrograde axonal transport
synaptic transmission
protein synthesis at the level of the Schwann cell nucleus.
calcium channels
1744. Acute tick-borne encephalitis is characterized by
peak incidence in the autumn-winter period
absence of meningal syndrome
decreased intracranial pressure
mild paresis and paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle..
neutrophilic cytosis in the cerebrospinal [uid
Page 439 of 555
:
1745. For etiotropic therapy of herpetic encephalitis, applies:
oxolin
pe[oxacin
acyclovir.
ceftriaxone
erythromycin
1746. At what diseases is possible lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF, except:
serous meningitis.
Brain abscess.
encephalitis
brucellosis of meningitis.
1747. Specify symptom that allows you to establish diagnosis of encephalitis:
in[ammatory changes in cerebrospinal [uid;
focal neurological symptoms;
cerebral sinus syndrome;
general infectious syndrome;
all of the above.
1748. When meningitis and encephalitis is absolutely contraindicated introduction
mannitol
glycerol
sodium oxybutyrate
Actovegin
solutions of glucose.
Page 440 of 555
:
1749. When asserting the cerebrospinal Vuid of a patient with tuberculous meningitis after 12-24 hours,
scover
opalescence
Xanthochromy
Ubrin Ulm
precipitation of yellow precipitate
the cerebrospinal [uid does not change
1750. Suspicion of cerebral abscess occurs if the disease is characterized by signs:
increasing intracranial hypertension
focal cerebral lesion
cerebral symptoms
all the listed'
1751. The source of infection in poliomyelitis is
only patient
sick or virus carrier
small rodents infecting food
cows, sheep
Pets
1752. Diagnosis of transient cerebral circulation disorder is established if
cal symptomatology is subjected to complete regression no later than:
1 day.
1 week;
2 weeks;
3 weeks;
Page 441 of 555
:
1753. For instrumental diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
solutely necessary data:
angiography
rheoencephalography
computed tomography.
radioisotope scintigraphy
1754. Motor and sensitive disorders in acute dissected encephalomyelitis are due to lesion of:
brain and spinal cord.
shells of the brain
rootlets of the spinal cord
peripheral nerves
spinal ganglia
1755. In the treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis for the correction of autoimmune disorders include:
nonsteroidal anti-in[ammatory drugs
tranquilizers
Synthetic glucocorticoids
estrogenic steroid preparations
1756. Encephalitis is characterized by a combination of the following symptoms, except:
general infectious diseases.
neurotic
cerebral
focal
in[ammatory changes in cerebrospinal [uid
Page 442 of 555
:
1757. Purulent meningitis does not cause
meningococci
pneumococci
Koch sticks
1758. In transient ischemic attacks, clinical symptoms:
save up to 6 hours
Save up to 24 hours
disappear completely from 2 days to 3 weeks
disappear after 1 month
disappear after 3 months
1759. Cerebrospinal Vuid is transparent, colorless, pressure 260 mm. water. item, reaction Pandi ++++, protein 3.75 g / l, cytosis
200. For what syndrome is it characteristic?
Cell-protein dissociation
the norm
intracranial hypertension
hydrocephalus
1760. The cholinergic crisis is not characterized by the presence
mydriasis.
hypersalivation
increased intestinal motility
myoUbrillation
paroxysmal enhancement of muscle weakness
Page 443 of 555
:
1761. The symptom of "wedging" when carrying out lumbar puncture in a patient with volumetric
inal process is characterized by
increased radicular pain during compression of the cervical veins
reduction of neurologic symptoms with pressure on the anterior abdominal
ll
increased radicular pain when bending the head to the chest
the increase in neurologic symptoms after puncture.
attachment of infectious-toxic shock
1762. In the occlusal hydrocephalus antipokazano:
osteo-plastic craniotomy.
decompression of the skull.
Puncture of the lateral ventricles.
lumbar puncture.
1 and 2 are true
1763. Clinical symptoms in minor stroke:
save up to 6 hours
save up to 24 hours
Disappear completely from 2 days to 3 weeks
disappear after 1 month
disappear after 3 months
1764. For the treatment of multiple sclerosis, it is advisable to appoint:
interferons;
corticosteroids;
plasmapheresis;
all of the above,
Page 444 of 555
:
1765. Criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis:
young age of onset of the disease;
multifocal lesion of the central nervous system;
remitting stream;
on MRI foci of demyelination;
all of the above.
1766. In liquor: protein 1.2 g / l, cytosis 250, lymphocytes - 70%, neutrophils - 30% are characteristic for:
of meningism
serous meningitis.
purulent meningitis
normal performance
1767. For instrumental diagnostics of spontaneous subarachnoidal
eeding absolutely necessary data
angiography
Lumbar puncture,
computed tomography
it is true 1, 2, 4
1768. With amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, all of the listed
ucation, except
neurons of the anterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord
neurons of the lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord
pyramidal conductors in the lateral cords
nuclei of motor cranial nerves
neurons of the cortex of the anterior central gyrus,
Page 445 of 555
:
1769. Computed tomography of the brain is contraindicated if a patient with a lesion
ain
myocardial infarction was diagnosed
there were signs of damage to the trunk
unconsciousness
pregnancy
there are metal prostheses.
1770. The method of the study con[rming the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis:
the Lange reaction
Hot bath test
evoked potentials
blinking re[ex
1771. At the heart of the pathogenesis of primary viral encephalitis lies
vascular reaction
The interaction of the virus and neuron
regional edema
circulatory hypoxia
infectious-allergic process
1772. Lumbar puncture is performed between the spinous processes of the vertebrae:
L1-L2;
L5 to L6;
L3 - L4;
Th1-L1;
all the answers are correct.
Page 446 of 555
:
1773. A signi[cant decrease in the level of sugar in the cerebrospinal Vuid is characteristic
r meningitis
in[uenza
pneumococcal
parotitic
tuberculosis.
syphilitic
1774. Meningeal symptoms do not include:
a symptom of Brudzinsky.
rigidity of the occipital muscles.
Kernig symptom.
Neri's symptom,
1775. In the development of insuFcient blood supply to the brain in atherosclerosis play
le of all listed factors, except
stenosis of the main vessels on the neck
decrease in perfusion pressure
decrease in the elasticity of erythrocytes
Decrease in the activity of the coagulation system
1 and 2 are true
1776. For acute tick-borne encephalitis are not characteristic
Disease in the autumn-winter period,
meningoencephalitic syndrome
increased intracranial pressure
[accid paresis and paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle
fever at the onset of the disease
Page 447 of 555
:
1777. Half lesion of the diameter of the spinal cord (Brown-Sekar syndrome.
with violation of all types of sensitivity - on the opposite;
with violation of pain and temperature sensitivity on the side of the focus;
With a violation of deep sensitivity on the side of the focus and pain and temperature sensitivity - on the opposite;
with violation of all kinds of sensitivity on the side of the hearth;
1778. The characteristic diagnostic features of subdural hematoma are obtained
With computed tomography
in the case of spondylography
with craniography
1779. Computer tomography diagnosis of multiple sclerosis should
nsider that plaques, as a rule, are not localized
In periventricular white matter
in the subcortical white matter
in the bridge of the brain
in the cerebellum
1 and 2 are true
1780. Acute disorders of cerebral circulation include:
cerebral vascular crisis
hemorrhagic stroke
ischemic stroke
All of the above
Page 448 of 555
:
1781. Primary purulent meningitis is caused
Staphylococcus aureus
with a hemophilic rod
Streptococcus and Klebsiella
meningococcal.
pneumococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1782. . To determine the etiology of purulent meningitis, the pathogen is isolated from:
blood and nasopharynx
nasopharynx
only blood
cerebrospinal [uid.
nasopharynx and feces
1783. In subarachnoid hemorrhage, mandatory
Bloody cerebrospinal [uid
the offset of the median echo
contralateral hemiparesis
1784. The main criteria for the abolition of antibiotics for purulent meningitis are:
Normalization of temperature
Recovering cerebrospinal [uid.
Normalization of blood
The disappearance of meningeal syndrome
The patient's well-being
Page 449 of 555
:
cerebral symptoms
meningeal symptoms
blood in liquor
1786. Rapid rate of loss of consciousness, severe violation of breathing, increased blood pressure pressure, bradycardia,
purple-cyanotic complexion, most of all characteristic of
essure, bradycardia, purple-cyanotic complexion, most of all
aracteristic of
embolic ischemic stroke
Abscess of the brain
1787. The "light gap" is typical for:
intraventricular hemorrhage
small-point parenchymal hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma
intracerebral hematoma
1788. Repeated subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs:
With aneurysms of the cerebral vessels
With liquor hypertension,
In case of rheumatic heart disease
With a tumor of deep localization
With arterial hypotension
Page 450 of 555
:
1789. Indicate which department of the nervous system most often suffers from poliomyelitis?
subcortical nodes;
posterior horns of the spinal cord;
Anterior horns of the spinal cord;
anterior spines of the spinal cord;
1790. Hemorrhage to the brain develops, as a rule:
in the morning after sleep
During the day of active activity
during the day at rest
does not depend on the time of day
1791. Diagnosis of meningitis is established on the basis of:
general infection syndrome;
meningeal (shell) syndrome;
the syndrome of in[ammatory changes in cerebrospinal [uid;
cerebral syndrome;
all of the above.
1792. The most characteristic for the acute stage of epidemic encephalitis is
ndrome
ataxic
hyperkinetic
Hypersomnically-ophthalmophlegic
convulsive
comatose
Page 451 of 555
:
1793. At the heart of the pathogenesis of secondary encephalitis lies
vascular reaction
the interaction of the virus and neuron
regional edema
circulatory hypoxia
infectious-allergic process.
1794. Tick-borne encephalitis
has an autumn seasonality
has an autumn-winter seasonality
has a summer seasonality
Has a spring-summer seasonality
has no seasonality
1795. Liquor is produced by:
pachyon granulations;
choroidal plexuses of the ventricles of the brain.
the membranes of the brain;
with diploic veins;
1796. Serous meningitis can cause the following pathogens, with the exception of
Enterovirus
the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis
pneumococcus
pale treponema..
Page 452 of 555
:
1797. The most suitable means for treating herpetic encephalitis:
cyclophosphamide
amphotericin B
gamma globulin
methotrexate
Acyclovir
1798. Contraindication for spinal puncture is not:
stasis on the fundus;
a bradycardia;
violation of respiratory function;
violation of the function of the nuclei of the brain stem (bulbar department);
a disorder of consciousness.
1799. The decisive role in the diagnosis of meningitis has
acute onset of the disease with increasing temperature
acute onset of the disease with meningeal syndrome
change in cerebrospinal [uid
syndrome of infectious-toxic shock
1800. Violation of statics and gait in dorsal dryness is due to
[accid paralysis of the legs
cerebellar ataxia
Sensitive ataxia
decreased vision in patients with a tentative atrophy of the optic nerves
Page 453 of 555
:
1801. In cerebrospinal Vuid, when viral meningitis occurs will be:
cell-protein dissociation (lymphocytic pleocytosis).
cell-protein dissociation (neutrophilic pleocytosis);
protein-cell dissociation;
presence of Ubrin Ulm;
1802. For the diagnosis of cerebral abscess from contrast methods, a direct image of a pathological focus of a rounded shape
can be obtained by
ventriculography
angiography
scintigraphy
All of the above
1803. For the diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations, the following are used:
radiography of the skull
Angiography
rheoencephalography
1804. The pathogenesis of secondary encephalitis lies in the
vascular reaction
the interaction of the virus and neuron
regional edema
circulatory hypoxia
infectious-allergic process.
Page 454 of 555
:
1805. When subarachnoid hemorrhage should not be used
analgesics
AntiUbrinolytic agents
Ubrinolytic agents
antihypertensive agents
1806. In cerebrospinal Vuid with purulent meningitis will be:
the presence of fresh red blood cells;
cell-protein dissociation (lymphocytic pleocytosis);
the presence of leached erythrocytes;
cell-protein dissociation (neutrophilic pleocytosis).
1807. In liquor: protein 0.4 g / l, cytosis 10, lymphocytes - 85%, neutrophils -15%, follows jet:
meningism.
serous meningitis
purulent meningitis
normal performance
1808. Is Argyl Robertson Syndrome observed?
with multiple sclerosis
with the Parino syndrome.
with neurosyphilis
in Alzheimer's disease
with alcoholism
Page 455 of 555
:
1809. What symptom is not characterise intracranial hypertension:
diffuse, bursting headache;
cerebral vomiting;
dizziness;
edema of the optic discs;
amaurosis.
1810. The causative agents of purulent meningitis may be:
meningococci;
pneumococci;
Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
enteroviruses;
it is true 1) and 2)...
1811. The clinical signs of purulent meningitis include
stiff neck
the symptom of Brudzinsky
none of the above
All of the above
1812. With purulent meningitis of unknown etiology apply:
Two broad-spectrum antibiotics
one antibiotic and sulfonamides
the amount of antibiotics depends on the age
one antibiotic and gamma globulin
glucocorticoids
Page 456 of 555
:
1813. In case of meningococcal meningitis, prewashing of liquor is con[rmed by the following:
mixed pleocytosis 500-600 cells per 1 mm3;
neutrophilic pleocytosis less than 100 cells per 1 mm3;
lymphocytic pleocytosis of 200-300 cells in 1 mm3;
lymphocytic pleocytosis less than 100 cells per 1 mm3.
mixed pleocytosis less than 100 cells per 1 mm3.
1814. Positive diagnostic signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage may
obtained:
With lumbar puncture
for angiography
with echo-encephalography
1815. Cerebrospinal Vuid is clear, colorless, pressure 190 mm.vod. item, reaction Pandi +++, protein 1.67 g / L, cytosis 179,
lymphocytes 70%, Wasserman's reaction +++. What nature of the lesion?
Neurosyphilis.
viral meningitis.
ischemic stroke.
myelitis.
1816. Argyll's syndrome is called
The absence of pupillary response to light with a consistent reaction to convergence and accommodation
absence of accommodation in combination with mydriasis
absence of convergention and accommodation in combination with anisocoria
Page 457 of 555
:
1817. Specify the studies to con[rm the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage:
CT;
EEG;
coagulogram;
investigation of cerebrospinal [uid;
is true 1) and 4)..
1818. The clinical forms of tick-borne encephalitis are all except
meningeal
poliomyelitis
lethargic.
a polyoencephalitic
febrile
1819. Which of the following symptoms is not a meningeal symptom?
Kernig symptom;
stiff neck;
Brudzinsky symptom;
photophobia;
Lasega”s symptom.
1820. 7th, 9th, 10th cranial nerves ends in
Nuclesus tractus solitairius
Nucleus ambiguous
Long tract of trigeminal nerve.
Page 458 of 555
:
1821. The patient, due to a disease of the spinal cord, developed tetraparesis with the absence of tendon reVexes on the arms,
atony and atrophy of the muscles; high tendon reVexes and high muscle tone in the legs. Determine the level of damage:
lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord
thoracic - part of the spinal cord
cervical thickening of the spinal cord
upper cervical spinal cord
1822. Branch of the mandibular nerve which commonly splits around the middle meningeal artery and send twigs to TMJ is
Facial
Buccal
Occipital
Auriculotemporal
1823. The Hypoglossal nerve provides
Motor innervations to styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles only
Motor innervations to all the muscles of the tongue both intrinsic and extrinsic
Sensory innervations to the posterior third of the tongue
Sensory innervations to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
1824. Sensory nerve supply of the middle ear cavity is provided by
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Trigeminal
Vagus
1825. Posterior belly of digastrics is supplied by
Mandibular nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Accessory nerve
Facial nerve
Page 459 of 555
:
1826. Peripheral paresis of the upper limbs – lesion of spinal cord at the level of:
C5-C8 segments
C1-C4 segments
C1-C8 segments
Th5-Th10
programming of rapid, skilled voluntary movements
integration of proprioception with re[ex activity
coordination of somatic motor activity
regulation of muscle tone
tactile sense appreciation
1828. With the defeat of the left frontal lobe, the following symptoms occur:
spastic tetraplegia
1829. Taste sensation from tongue is not carried by
VII nerve
IX nerve
X nerve
V nerve
1830. With a transverse lesion of the thoracic spinal cord D9-D10, the following is detected:
lower spastic paraplegia with loss of all types of sensitivity
spastic tetraplegia
peripheral paralysis of the legs
shooting pains in the legs
Page 460 of 555
:
1831. External laryngeal nerve supplies following muscle
Sternothyroid
Cricothyroid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
thermoregulation
hormonal
1833. The hypoglossal nerve supplies
All the intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue except hyoglossus
All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
All the muscles of tongue and [oor of mouth
1834. Cricothyroid is supplied by
External laryngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Page 461 of 555
:
1835. The extrapyramidal system of the spinal cord includes:
Pale ball
Γ-motor neurons
Substance black
Caudate nucleus
Red core
1836. A patient in the pediatric department has arrhythmic, rapid, involuntary movements of the upper and lower extremities,
torso. The child grimaces, sticks out his tongue, smacks his lips. Hypotension has been established. Where can the lesion be
located?
nucl. caudate
nucl.ruber
substancia nigra
1837. Symptoms of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord include, except for:
tetraparesis
apraxia and alexia
diaphragm paralysis
1838. The following statement concerning chorda tympani nerve are true except that it
Carries secretomotor Ubres to submandibular gland.
Contains postganglionic parasympathetic Ubres.
1839. Through what pathways is the extrapyramidal system connected to the underlying structures of the CNS?
reticulospinal
rubrospinal
Flexig's tract
spinothalamic tract
Page 462 of 555
:
1840. Nerve supply of the tympanic membrane is by the
Auriculotemporal
Lesser occipital
Greater occipital
Parasympathetic ganglion
1841. Facial N. stimulation during testing of nerve indicated by contraction of muscle
Temporalis
Masseter
Sternoleidomastoid
Orbiculatri oris
1842. Afferent sensation from the lower molar teeth is carried by
Facial nerve
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal
1843. A 43- year old woman came with a large abscess in the middle of the right posterior triangle of the neck. The physician
incised and drained the abscess. Five days later the patient noticed the she could not extend her right hand above her head to
brush her hair. Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of additional harm
Damage to scalenus medius
Injury to suprascapular nerve
Cut to spinal part of accessory nerve
Spread to infection to shoulder joint
Page 463 of 555
:
1844. In what structures of the extrapyramidal system is dopamine synthesized?
red nuclei
substantia nigra
reticular formation
globus pallidus
striatum
1845. All of the following are signs of damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord except:
muscle hypotonia
Ubrillar twitches
absence of tendon re[exes
headache
nausea
dizziness
1847. The defeat of the following anatomical formation causes left-sided hemihypesthesia:
left inner capsule
right inner capsule
right occipital lobe
left visual tubercle
right caudate nucleus
Page 464 of 555
:
1848. The mechanism of development of Parkinson's syndrome:
Violation of copper metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism disorder
Dopamine metabolism disorder
Violation of carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism disorders
1849. Auditory pathway passes through
Medial geniculate body
Reciculate formation
Cerebellar fornix
1850. Partial loss of sensitivity is called:
anesthesia
hyperesthesia
hyperpathy
hypoesthesia
dysesthesia
1851. The term “paleostriatum” is applied to:
Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Amygdaloid nucleus
Page 465 of 555
:
1852. Which nerves does not arise from the medulla
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Dorsal horn of gray matter
1853. If the seventh nerve is damaged on the right side of the face:
The muscles of mastication would be denervated
The muscles of facial expression would be denervated
Taste from the right anterior two thirds of the tongue would not be affected
Sympathetic Ubre to salivary gland would be interrupted
1854. For damage to the whole lesion of the spinal cord of the upper cervical segments (C1-C4) is characteristic:
[accid tetraplegia
sensory aphasia
ataxia
1855. Nerve supply to vocal cords is by
Superior laryngeal nerve
Internal and recurrent laryngeal nerve
1856. Mylohyoid nerve is a branch of
Main trunk of mandibular nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Page 466 of 555
:
1857. Specify the symptoms of a typical cortical lesion in the postcentral gyrus:
Contralateral hemianesthesia
Hemianesthesia on the side of the lesion
Contralateral monoanesthesia
Monoanesthesia on the side of the lesion
Hemiplegia of opposite limbs
1858. In carotid sheath
Vagus nerve lies posteriorly and in the middle of ICA and IJV
Ansa cervicalis is embedded in the lateral wall
Cervical sympathetic chain in plastered to its posterior wall
Common carotid artery is not there
1860. Paralysis to which nerve would cause diplopia on looking downwards
Oculomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Page 467 of 555
:
1861. Sphenoidal air sinus is supplied by ____ nerve
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Post+erior superioro alveolar nerve
Sphenoidal nerve
Infratemporal nerve
1862. Signs of damage to the frontal lobe:
hemiparesis
monoparesis , motor aphasia, ataxia
monoanesthesia , visual agnosia
sensory aphasia
chorea
atetosis
tremor
dystonia
1864. Medial squint is caused by paralysis of?
Trochlear
Occulomotor
Abducent
Optic
1865. Hyperacusis can result, after paralysis of;
Facial nerve
Posterior auricular
VIII nerve
None of the above
Page 468 of 555
:
1866. Which of the following are branch of facial nerve
Chorda tympani
Zygomatic nerve
Nerve to stapedius
1867. A patient has hemiparesis and hemianopsia on the left and prolapse of all types sensitivity (super[cial and deep) behind
the hemitype on the left. What
fected in the patient?
Right brain stem
Medial loop on the left
Inner capsule on the right
Right precentral twist
Optic tubercle on the right
1868. Cranial nerve not carrying parasympathetic [bers
Fourth
Seventh
Third
Ninth
1869. Construct a syndrome of lesions of the motor pathways in the lumbar enlargement:
are[exia
paraparesis
1,2,4 options
Page 469 of 555
:
1870. The following tremor is typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
intentional
postural
kinetic
physiological
rest
1871. Middle superior alveolar nerve is a branch of
Mandibular nerve
Maxillary nerve
Lingual nerve
Facial nerve
1872. What are the signs of damage to the internal capsule on the left:
hemiparesis on the left
hemihypoesthesia on the left
nystagmus
1873. All the following muscles are supplied by mandibular nerve except
Masseter
Buccinator
Medial pterygoid
1874. Nucleus in brain common to IX,X and XI cranial nerves:
Nucleus solitaries
Nucleus ambiguous
Dentate nucleus
Red nucleus
Page 470 of 555
:
1875. Blood supply of facial nerve
Stylomastoid branch of facial nerve
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Stylomastoid
1876. Oculomotor nerve passes through
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
1877. Where are present the Betz cell:
in anterior central gyrus
in posterior central gyrus
in central sulcus
in spinal cord
1878. What formations are classi[ed as striatum?
caudate nucleus
black substance
subthalamic nucleus of Lewis
red nuclei
Page 471 of 555
:
1879. The following anatomical system includes the caudate and lenticular nuclei:
pyramidal
vegetative
extrapyramidal
cerebellar
vestibular
1880. Cranial part of spinal accessory nerve supplies
Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Superior constrictor
Styloglossus
1881. All are true of mandibular nerve EXCEPT
Sensory branch arises from anterior trunk
Muscles of mastication are innervated by branches of main trunk
Nerve to medial pterygoid arise from main trunk
Buccal nerve innverates buccinator muscle
1882. The patient has peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve on the left and right-sided central hemiparesis. The lesion is
located in the area:
internal capsule on the left
medulla oblongata on the left
pons on the right
pons on the left
Page 472 of 555
:
Whole of face
Whole of lower face
1884. The presence of ataxia suggests damage to any of the following EXCEPT:
cerebellar
thalamus
vestibular nucleus
vagal nerve
1885. Superior oblique muscle is supplied by
Occulomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve
Trigeminal nerve
1886. Skin over the prominence of the cheek is supplied by
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
Auriculotemporoal
Infra trochlear
1887. The following type of sensory disturbance corresponds to a symmetrical sensory disorder in the distal extremities:
conductive
segmental
polyneuropathic
cerebral
neural
Page 473 of 555
:
motor aphasia
1889. In relation to chorda tympani nerve which of the following statement is true
Branch given by facial nerve in temporal bone
It carries postganglionic secretomotor Ubres
It joins lingual nerve
It carries taste sensation
1890. Among the following cranial nerves the pure motor nerves include all EXCEPT
IV
VI
XI
1891. In supranuclear lesions of facial nerve
The whole of the face is paralysed on affected side
Only lower part of face is paralysed
Whole of face is paralysed on contra lateral side
Paralysis occurs on the both sides of the face
1892. Which of the following nerves carries gustatory and parasympathetic [bers?
Deep petrosal nerve
Page 474 of 555
:
1893. If an injury occurs to the motor root of the trigeminal nerve all the following muscle would be affected EXCEPT
Mylohyoid
Buccinators
Tensor tympani
1894. Lacrimal secretion is diminished when which site of nerve is damaged
Parotid nerve
Gasserian ganglia
Ciliary ganglia
Pterygopalatine ganglion
1895. Name the signs of damage to the occipital lobe:
hemiataxia
bilateral hemianopsia
homonymous hemianopia
ataxia
1896. Brown-Sequard syndrome develops with the following damage of the spinal cord:
complete transversal
anterior horns
half transversal
posterior horns
1897. Paralysis of upper eyelid is due to paralysis of:
III
IV
VII
Page 475 of 555
:
1898. True about occlumotor nerve are all EXCEPT
1899. A patient after a stroke developed a typical Wernicke-Mann posture with symptoms of left-sided hemiplegia. Where is the
lesion?
brain stem case
inner capsule on the left
precentral twist on the right
internal capsule on the right
1900. Masseteric nerve is a branch of
Long buccal nerve
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Motor branch of the facial nerve
1901. Trauma to 1st cranial nerve results in
Anosmia
Aphagia
Paresis
A and C
1902. The pathological reVexes of the extensor group include:
Marinescu-Radovich
Babinskiy
Neri
Zhukovsky
Page 476 of 555
:
it is found in the posterior cranial fossa.
it is a part of brainstem.
it is separated from the occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli.
it is responsible for coordination.
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
1905. With the defeat of the upper sections of the right anterior central gyrus, the following occurs:
central monoparesis of the right hand
peripheral paralysis of the left hand
central paralysis of the left leg
right hemiplegia
1906. In cases of the right optic nerve injury, the light reVex
Would be present on left side when light is thrown on left side
Would be present on right side when light is thrown on the left side
Would be present on left side but absent on right side when light thrown on right side.
A and B
1907. Following are the functional components of vagus nerve EXCEPT
General somatic efferent
Page 477 of 555
:
1908. The following type of sensitivity refers to proprioceptive:
painful
tactile
joint-muscular
temperature
from internal organs
1909. Dorello’s canal transmits in tip of temporal bone
Middle meningeal artery
Mandibular nerve
Superior alveolar branch of maxillary
Abducent nerve
1910. The patient has left-sided hemianesthesia of all types sensitivity and "spontaneous" pain in this half of the body. Where
calized lesion?
Posterior horns of the spinal cord on the left
Lateral cords of the spinal cord on the right
Right postcentral gyrus
Visual tubercle on the right
Peripheral nerve
spastic tone
muscle hypotension
muscle hypotrophy
Page 478 of 555
:
1912. A patient has loss of sensation at angle of mandible (jaw) and parotid area. Which of the following nerve is most likely to
be injured
Mandibular nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
1913. The following types of sensitivity are carried out along the spinothalamic pathway:
joint-muscular
vibration
feeling of pressure
perception of light
1914. Absence of lacrimation is seen in which nerve injury
Nasociliary nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Infraorbital/ Ethmoidal nerve
1915. Hypoglossal nerve crosses loop of which of the arteries
External carotid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal
Page 479 of 555
:
1916. Indicate the symptom that occurs in the fundus of the eye in cerebrospinal Vuid hypertensive syndrome:
primary optic disc atrophy
goon sign
chorioretinitis
salus sign
it is formed of two hemispheres and median part the vermis
it shares in the formation of the fourth ventricle
it lies in the posterior cranial fossa
it has three peduncles connecting it to the midbrain
its largest nucleus is the dentate nucleus
1918. Cranial part Accessory nerve supplies all palatal muscles except
Palate glossus
Palate pharyngeus
Tensor veli palate
Levator palate
1919. First branch of facial nerve is
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius
Lesser superUcial petrosal N
Greater superUcial petrosal N
Page 480 of 555
:
1920. All of the following is true of facial nerve except
Supplies motors branches to the muscles of facial expression
It has no sensory component
The muscles of the eyelid will be spared in upper motor neuron lesions
It is a nerve of 2nd arch
1921. Intentional trembling and overshooting during the [nger-to-nose test is characteristic of
static-locomotor ataxia
dynamic ataxia
frontal ataxia
sensitive ataxia
1922. The facial nerve
Arises from the medulla oblongata
Transverses through parotid gland
Supplies muscles of mastication
Carries no taste Ubres
1923. Name the symptoms of damage to the frontal lobe:
ataxia
abasia
alexia
1924. With the defeat of the pyramidal path in the area of the decussation occurs:
central paralysis of the arm on the side of the focus and central paralysis of the leg on the opposite side of the focus
central paralysis of the leg on the side of the focus and central paralysis of the arm on the opposite side of the focus
peripheral paralysis of the arm on the side of the focus and peripheral paralysis of the leg on the opposite side of the focus
Page 481 of 555
:
1925. Which of the following is not a branch of Trigeminal nerve
Maxillary
Mandibular
Ophthalmic
Carotid
1926. Which of the following is innervated by the vagus nerve
The levator veli palatini
Mylohyoid
1927. Where is present the pyramidal decussation:
in cervical segments of spinal cord
in medulla oblongata
in internal capsule
between medulla and spinal cord
1928. A 2nd year student has become sloppy, turns his head in the classroom different sides, writes letters of different sizes,
grimaces. Objectively: decreased muscle tone in the limbs, rapid arrhythmic
voluntary movements of the limbs and trunk. What is the name of described syndrome:
Athetosis
Chorea
Hemibalism
Myoclonus
Teak
Page 482 of 555
:
1929. Ataxia is de[ned as:
Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
Muscle weakness
Resting tremor
Error in the rate, force, and direction of movement
1930. Facial nerve has
Motor root only
Motor and sensory root
Motor and sympathetic root
Motor, sympathetic and parasympathetic
1931. Location of the pathways of Gaulle and Burdach in the spinal cord:
lateral cords
rear horns
front horns
posterior cords
anterior cords
1932. Adiadochokinesis is a violation:
Sequential Unger movement
Heel to toe walking
Tremor abstinence
Synchronous hand movements
Coordination of the lingual muscles
Page 483 of 555
:
1933. Which of the following nerves are branches of mandibular nerve
Lingual, facial and palatine nerve
Lingual, inferior alveolar nerve
In ala and cervical nerves
All of the Above
1934. Which one of the following is a branch of the facial nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
1935. Which of the following is a branch of facial nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
1936. Recurrent laryngeal nerve had following course in neck
It passes anterior to inferior thyroid artery
It passes through sternomastoid
It passes through branches of inferior thyroid vessels
It passes posterior to inferior thyroid vessels
1937. What symptom is typical for the defeat of the sacral segments:
polyneuritic type of sensory disorder
aphasia
urinary incontinence
Page 484 of 555
:
1938. Defeat of the following anatomical formation causes a positive symptom of Lasègue:
femoral nerve
sciatic nerve
spinal root L2
spinal root L3
spinal root S3
1939. Sign of damage to the internal capsule on the left:
right-sided spastic hemiplegia, central palsy VII and XII pairs of CN on the right
spastic tetraplegia
1940. The ansa cervicalis innerates which muscle
Mylohyoid
Cricothyroid
Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid
1941. The main clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s syndrome:
ataxia
hyperkinesis
hypotension
1942. The innervation of tensor tympani muscle is
Vagus
Mandibular
Facial
Maxillary
Page 485 of 555
:
1943. What is the localization of the pathological process if the patient has spastic tetraparesis and atrophy of the trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid muscles?
upper cervical region of the spinal cord
C5-Th2 segments
medulla oblongata
thalamus
1944. Nerve of the pterygoid canal is formed by union of
Deep petrosal nerve with greater petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve with lesser petrosal nerve
Greater petrosal and lesser petrosal nerves
Greater petrosal and external petrosal nerves
1945. The patient has peripheral paresis of the left arm and right leg. The lesion is located in:
in segments C5-Th2 on the left
in segments C5-Th2 on both sides
in the anterior horns C5-Th2 on the left and L1-S2 on the right
in segments C1-C4 on the left
1946. The patient shows horizontal nystagmus, with abduction eyeballs to the sides. The gait is shaky, with an increase in
fragility with cornering, especially to the right. During the test, Romberg falls to the right. Missing and intentional jitter during
execution is noted. Finger-nasal test on the right, adiadokhokinesis on the right, change in handwriting (megalography).
Reduced muscle tone on the right. Paresis of limbs no. Where is the lesion site located?
Cerebellar worm
Right cerebellum
Page 486 of 555
:
hypertension
pathological Babinski re[ex
peripheral paresis
seizures
spastic tetraplegia
1949. Which of the following is not a branch of ophthalmic nerve
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Medial ethmoid
1950. The special visceral afferent [bres of the facial nerve are located in which nuclei
Motor nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
Nucleus of tractus solitarius
Lacrimatory nucleus
1951. In the fracture of middle cranial fossa, absence of tears would be due to lesion in
Trigeminal ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Cervical ganglion
Page 487 of 555
:
1952. Lesion of cranial part of XI nerve cause paralysis of
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Trapezius muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Pharyngeal constrictors
1953. Hypoglossal nerve supplies all the muscles EXCEPT
Styloglossus
Stylopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
1954. The optic nerve and the retina are direct extension of the brain and when cut, can not regenerate
Both the statements are false
First statement is true and the second is false
First statement is true but when the cut ends are in approximation they can regenerate
Both the statements are true
1955. The nerve which transverse the head, neck throat and abdomen;
IX
XI
Phrenic nerve
1956. Which one of the following is seen in facial palsy
Drooping of eyelid
Loss of taste sensation in anterior 2/3 of tongue
Excess of saliva secretion
Loss of general sensation in check
Page 488 of 555
:
1957. Symptoms of damage to the internal capsule on the right are all, except for:
defeat of 7 and 12 pairs of cranial nerves on the left
left-sided hemianesthesia
alternating hemiplegia
left hemiplegia
1958. All are true of mandibular nerve except
Sensory branch arised from anterior trunk.
Muscles of mastication are innervated by branches of main trunk.
Nerve to medial pterygoid arise rom main trunk
Buccal nerve innvervates buccinator muscle
1959. Following nerves cross the ICA in their course in the neck;
IX, X, XII nerves
X, XI, XII nerves
IX, X, XI nerves
IX, X, ansa cervicalis
1960. Man, 50 years old, complains of pain in the lower back, back right thigh. Which symptom should be checked to clarify the
level and
e nature of the injury?
Lasegue
Kerniga
Brudzinsky
Marinescu-Radovic
Bella
Page 489 of 555
:
1961. False statement about trigeminal nerve
Carries sensation from face and scalp
Has motor branch
Arise from C8 nerve root
Composed of spinal nucleus
1962. The spinocerebellum contains the...
vermis and intermediate zone of the anterior and posterior lobes
Vermal and [occular parts of the [occulonodular lobe
Lateral portions of the cerebellum
Posterior lobe and interposed nuclei
1963. Peripheral nerve damage results in:
muscle hypotrophy
increased re[exes
increased muscle tone in the "clasp-knife" type
1964. Damage to the following anatomical formations is characterized by positive tension symptoms:
spinal roots, peripheral nerves
ponytail, white matter of the spinal cord
1965. Specify the objective signs that are not typical for CSF hypertensive syndrome:
decreased CSF pressure
increased CSF pressure
the severity of Unger impressions on the craniogram
osteoporosis of the back of the Turkish saddle, widening of the entrance to the saddle
Page 490 of 555
:
1966. The defeat of the anterior horns of the lumbar thickening on the right is noted:
[accid paresis of the muscles of the left lower limb
spastic paresis of the muscles of the right lower limb
[accid paresis of the muscles of the right lower limb
1967. Unilateral trigeminal N.injury is tested by
Elevation and lowering of jaw
Inability to tense the jaw
Blinking of eye
Corneal re[ex
1968. Seventh, Ninth and Tenth cranial nerves end in
Nucleus Tractus solitaries
Nucleus Ambiguous
Dorsal Nucleus of vagus
Long and of V nerve
1969. After a road accident the patient complains of weakness of the right limbs. In the neurological status: reduced strength in
the right limbs up to 3 points; reVexes on the arms and legs are higher on the right; abdominal reVexes on the right are not
called. Right positive Vexor pathological reVexes. What is the name of the syndrome?
right-sided hemiplegia
combined tetraparesis
central tetraperesis
1970. The secretomotor [bre to the parotid gland passes through
Otic ganglion
Geniculate ganglion
Lesser ganglion
Page 491 of 555
:
1971. A 45-year-old man gradually developed weakness in his arms. In the neurological status: a decrease in the strength of the
muscles of the hands up to 3 points, [brillar twitching in the muscles of the shoulder, malnutrition, hypotension of the muscles
of the hands. Tendon reVexes on the hands are reduced, on the legs - alive. De[ne the syndrome.
upper central paraplegia
upper peripheral paraplegia
upper peripheral paraparesis
peripheral tetraparesis
1972. Which of the following are indications of cerebellar disturbance?
Hypotonia.
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
All of the above
1973. Injury to motor division of the mandibular nerve will cause paralysis of the following except
Medial pterygoid
Buccinator
1974. The proprioceptive [bres of mandibular nerve travel through
Sensory root
Motor rod
Special root mesencephalic root
B and C
motor aphasia
Page 492 of 555
:
1976. A patient on the left arm has muscle hypotrophy, [brillar twitching. Where is the lesion?
lateral horns
posterior roots
anterior horns
lateral horns
1977. What types of sensory endings, other than muscle spindles, convey information to the cerebellum via spinal cord tracts?
Golgi tendon organs
Mechanoreceptors
Both
Neither
1978. Violation of coordination and balance is called:
adiadochokinesis
dysmetria
paresis
ataxia
plegia
1979. Which of following muscles is supplied by mandibular nerve
Stapedius
Buccinator
1980. Drooping of upper eyelid results when there is paralysis of
Occulomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Page 493 of 555
:
1981. Infraorbital nerve is a branch of
Facial
Maxillary
Mandibular
None of the above
1982. The following symptoms are related to tension symptoms:
Lessage
Lassegue, Wasserman
Kernig, Neri
1983. Anterior ethmoidal nerve supplies all except
Maxillary sinus
Infterior of nasal cavity
Dural sheath of anterior cranial fossa
Ethmoidal air cells
1984. Peripheral paresis of the upper extremities is a syndrome of spinal cord injury at the level of:
C5-Th2 segments
C1-C4 segments
C1-C8 segments
Th5-Th10
1985. A decrease in muscle tone is observed with damage to:
striatum
thalamus
pallidum
internal capsule
Page 494 of 555
:
1986. The main mechanism of the occurrence of hyperkinetic hypotonic syndrome
increased activity of the cholinergic system
increased activity of the adrenergic system
decreased activity of the adrenergic system
1987. Injury to which nerve will affect lacrimal secretions
Sphenopalatine nerve
Nasocilliary nerve
1988. The parasympathetic secretomotor [bres for submandibular and sublingual gland originate in nuclei of
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
1989. What is typical for sensory damage from the cerebral cortex?
Violation of all types of sensitivity
1990. Parkinsonism includes combination of the following:
tremor, bradykinesia & muscles rigidity
paresis, anesthesia & muscles spasticity
chorea & muscles hypotonia
tremor, ataxia & muscles hypotonia
Page 495 of 555
:
1991. Which of the following signs are typical for lesions of the corticospinal tract at the level of the thoracic spinal cord?
spastic tetraplegia
mixed tetraplegia
1992. What characterizes athetosis?
1993. With damage to the pyramidal tract at the level of the pons of the brain on the right, there is:
right hemiplegia
left hemiplegia
left-sided alternating hemiplegia
upper monoplegia on the left
Whole of face
Whole of lower face
1995. What are the features of tremor in patients with parkinsonism?
it occurs during movement
it occurs at rest
it appears during emotional stress
Page 496 of 555
:
1996. Following cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons at the level of facial colliculus EXCEPT
Abducens nerve nucleus
Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
Pontine nuclei
1997. The proprioceptive impulses from muscles of facial expression travel through branches of
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
None of the above
Sternomastoid
Trapezius
Splenius capitis
Soft palate
1999. All are supplied by Ansa cervicalis except
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Inferior belly of omohyoid
2000. Meningeal syndrome includes groups of symptoms:
tension.
muscular-tonic.
pathological re[exes.
Page 497 of 555
:
2001. Trochlear nerve all true except
Longest intracranial course
Arises from dorsum of brainstem
Supply ipsilateral superior oblique muscle
Enter orbit through sup.Orbital Ussure outside annula of Zinn.
2002. Sensitivity disorder like "gloves" and "socks", complaints the patient to a tingling sensation in the arms and legs usually
develops with diseases:
Several peripheral nerves
Posterior roots of the spinal cord
spinal cord
thalamus
2003. Root of auriculotemporal nerve embraces
The middle meningeal artery
The middle meningeal nerve
The otic ganglion
None of the above
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Page 498 of 555
:
2005. When Wernicke's area is affected, there are:
impaired spontaneous speech
motor aphasia
cognitive dysfunctions
impaired understanding of addressed speech
2006. The sensory supply of the palate is through all of the following, except
Facial nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
2007. The following types of sensitivity are lost in the segmental-dissociated type of disorder:
a sense of position
vibration
tactile and joint-muscular
feeling of pressure
2008. Resting tremor, especially when the patient wakes up, usually develops when damaged:
Caudate nucleus
thalamus
Substance nigra
spinal cord
Inner capsule of the brain
2009. What are the clinical manifestations of torsion dystonia?
Page 499 of 555
:
2010. All of the following carry proprioception from head and neck except
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
2011. Which of the following types of sensitivity are complex:
Sense of localization
pain
Temperature
Deep musculo-articular and vibrational
Tactil
2012. ReVexes of oral automatism indicate damage to the tracts:
corticospinal
spinothalamic
fronto-ponto-cerebellar
rubrospinal
2013. Central lower paraparesis is a syndrome of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of spinal cord segments:
lumbar
cervical
2014. Which of following is not true about facial nerve?
It has small sensory and large motor root
It supply anterior belly of digastrics
It gives parasympathetic supply to nasal and lacrimal glands
It is secretomotor to submandibular salivary glands
Page 500 of 555
:
2015. Concerning the circuitry between mossy [bers, climbing [bers and cells of the cerebellar cortex, which of the following
pairs both provide excitatory input?
Mossy Ubers & Purkinje cells
Purkinje cells & Golgi cells
Granule cell parallel Ubers & Mossy Ubers
Golgi cells & Climbing Ubers
Climbing Ubers & Basket cells
2016. Specify what changes are not typical for the craniogram in hypertensive syndrome:
increased Unger impressions
expansion of the internal auditory meatus
expansion of the entrance to the Turkish saddle
expansion of the ventricles of the brain
osteoporosis of the back of the Turkish saddle
2017. The following writing disorder is typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
macrography
micrography
dysgraphia
spelling disorder
syntax violation
2018. With damage to the peripheral motor neuron L1 – L5 on the right, it is noted:
[accid paresis of the right leg
spastic paresis of the right leg
[accid paresis of the left leg
spastic paresis of the right arm and [accid paresis of the left leg
Page 501 of 555
:
immunological
serological
coagulogram
2021. Name the synonyms of parkinsonism syndrome.
hypokinetic-hypertonic
ataxia
paralysis
2022. A 28-year-old woman complains of a feeling of "goosebumps" on her right hand, right side of the face. What are these
disorders called?
Paresis
Anesthesia
Hypoesthesia
Paresthesia
Hyperesthesia
Page 502 of 555
:
2023. Violation of synchronous pronation and supination of the upper limbs is called:
ataxia
dysdiadochokinesis
dysmetria
dysarthria
akinesis
Trochlear
VII
VIII
Oculomotor
2025. phenopalatine ganglion does not supply
Nasal mucosa
Sublingual gland
Ciliary ganglion
Palate
2026. Choreic hyperkinesis is characterized by:
Slow, worm-like movement
Speed, irregularity, swiftness, stereotyping
Speed, irregularity, swiftness, lack of tereotypes
Twitching in muscle groups or in single muscles
Involuntary tonic contraction of facial muscles
Page 503 of 555
:
spastic tone
muscle hypotension
muscle hypotrophy
2028. All are branches of posterior division of mandibular nerve except
Lingual nerve
Deep temporal nerve
Mylohyoid nerve.
Stenomastoid
Trapeizius
Splenius capitis
Soft palate
2030. What is the main mechanism of Parkinson's disease?
an increase in the amount of dopamine in the substantia nigra
a decrease in the amount of dopamine in the substantia nigra
a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine in the striatum
an increase in the amount of acetylcholine in the striatum
2031. Efferent [bres of Amygdaloid nucleus are called as
Lamina terminalis
Stria terminalis
Stria medullaris
Alvenus
Page 504 of 555
:
2032. Trigeminal nerve has how many nuclei in CNS
Three
Four
Five
Six
2033. Following cranial nerve nucleus is present at the site of facial colliculus
Facial
Abducens
2034. Which does not apply to signs of damage to the intervertebral node:
Anesthesia by polyneuritic type
Segmental anesthesia
Pain
Anesthesia of all kinds of sensitivity
Herpetic eruptions
2035. Location of the sensitive analyzer of general types of sensitivity in the brain:
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
Broca's center
Page 505 of 555
:
2036. The ciliary ganglion is present between
The medial rectus and the optic nerve
The lateral rectus and the optic nerve
The optic nerve and ethmoid nerve
The medial rectus and the ethmoid plate
2037. Following nuclei are associated with trigeminal nerve
Mesencephalic, motor, sensor
Mesencephalic, principal sensory, motor and spinal
Sensory, motor and spinal
Principal sensory, mesencephalic and spinal.
2038. A person met with knife injury to face and resultant damage to facial nerve. It leads to impaired decreased secretion from
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Lacrimal gland
None
2039. After existing from skull the vagus is joined by
Spinal accessory nerve
None of the above
2040. All of the following cranial nerves contain somatic efferents, except
VII Nerve (Facial nerve)
III Nerve (Occulomotor nerve)
IV Nerve (Trochlear nerve)
VI Nerve (Abducent nerve)
Page 506 of 555
:
2041. The following statement concerning chorda tympani nerve are true EXCEPT that it
Contains post ganglionic parasympathetic Ubres
2042. The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies
Vocalis muscle
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Stylopharyngeus
2043. Cranial nerve which emerges from dorsal surface of brain
II
IV
VI
VII
2044. Taste sensations from circumvallate papilla are carried through
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve
2045. True about vestibular nerve-PGI June 07
Nucleus is supplied by PICA
Anastomotic connection with facial nerve
Vestibular ganglion also called scarpa’s ganglion
Connection with trigeminal nerve
Page 507 of 555
:
2046. Pathological reVexes of the extensor group include:
Zhukovsky
Bekhterev-Mendel
Rossolimo
Oppenheim
2047. Which of the following disorders is not a part of hyperkinesis?
Chorea
Athetosis
Myoclonus
Hemibalism
Intention tremor
2048. In lower motor neuron lesions of the facial nerve
Ipsilateral lower half is paralysed
Ipsilateral whole face is paralysed
Contra lateral whole face is paralysed
Contra lateral lower hair is paralysed
2049. The hypoglossal nerve lies to hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles
Superior
Latero inferior
Deep
Anterior
2050. Specify what is characteristic of the peripheral type of sensory impairment:
Violation of any sensitivity in the zone of innervation
Dissociated violation of all types of sensitivity
Page 508 of 555
:
2051. Through which part of the internal capsule does the path connecting the cerebral cortex with the extrapyramidal system
pass?
anterior thigh
knee
anterior 2/3 of the hind thigh
posterior third of the hind thigh
2052. A 27-year-old woman gradually developed weakness in her right leg and numbness in her left leg. In the neurological
status: decreased muscle strength of the right leg up to 3 points; Babinsky's symptom on the right, decreased deep sensitivity
on the right from the level of Th10, high tendon reVexes on the right leg; decrease in super[cial sensitivity on the left with Th12.
Where is the pathology - focus?
half of the spinal cord on the right at the level of Th10
the entire spinal cord at the level of Th10
2053. Parkinsonism is not typical for:
Oligokinesia
Out of [exors
Muscular hypotension
Static tremor
2054. A term denoting a violation of sensitivity in one half of the body:
hemiparesis
hemiplegia
hemiataxia
hemianesthesia
hemianopia
Page 509 of 555
:
2055. Parkinsonism is characterized by the following speech disorders:
Mutism
Aphasia
Scanned speech
Dysarthria
Quiet, monotonous speech
2056. All of the following are supplied by the facial nerve except
Lacrimal gland
Submandibular gland
Nasal gland
Parotid gland
2057. Damage to what structures causes choreic hyperkinesis?
paleostriatum
neostriatum
medial globus pallidus
lateral globus pallidus
2058. The following hyperkinesias are dystonic:
writing spasm, torsion dystonia
athetosis
myoclonus
2059. What are the main functions of the cerebellum:
Coordination of movements
Regulation of muscle tone
Equilibrium
Page 510 of 555
:
anesthesia
central tetraplegia
peripheral paralysis
hemiparesis
Trochlear
VII
VIII
Oculomotor
2062. The [bers from trigeminal principal sensory nucleus reach the thalamus and form the
Medial lemniscus
Trigeminal lemniscus
Neo-trigemino thalamic tract
Trigemino-reticulo-thalamic pathway
2063. The following hyperkinesis is characteristic of Parkinson's syndrome:
blepharospasm
dystonia
tremor
chorea
teak
2064. A patient having paralysis of Abducens nerve would have
Medial or convergent squint
Lateral or divergent squint
Diplopia on adduction
None of the above
Page 511 of 555
:
2065. The occulomotor nerve enters the orbit through
Lateral part of superior orbital Ussure
Middle part of the superior orbital Ussure
Sheath of optic nerve
2066. Superior and inferior salivatory nuclei have the following functional component
2067. The following possibility is impaired in a patient with sensitive ataxia:
make movements
make Une coordinated movements
feel the touch of the brush
feel the pricks of the needle
hear
2068. Lacrimal gland is supplied by which of the following ganglia
Otic ganglia
Ciliary ganglion
Spehnoplatine ganglion
Submandibular
2069. Branch of facial nerve in facial canal
Lesser petrosal
Chordatympani
Nerve to stapedius
Page 512 of 555
:
2070. Name the signs of damage to the parietal lobe:
alexia
agraphia
apraxia, acalculia
hemiparesis
2071. Following nuclei are associated with the facial nerve
Superior salivatory, inferior, salivatory, lacrimatory, motor.
Superior salivatory, tractus solitarius, lacrimatory, motor
Superior salivatory, inferior salivatory, lacrimatory, tractus solitaries
Inferior salivatory and motor
2072. In case of injury, which part of the nervous system does astereognosis occur?
Back roots
Parietal lobe of the brain
Frontal lobe of the brain
2073. Stimulations of which branch of vagus produces increase in appetite
Meningeal
Auricular
Pharyngeal
Cardiac
Page 513 of 555
:
2074. For the defeat of the non-striatal system, the following are characteristic:
Muscular hypertension
Hyperkinesis
Hypomimia
Propulsion
2075. A lesion in this area will lead to "intentional tremors."
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
pons
thalamus
2076. Adiadochokinesis is a violation of:
Sequential movement of Ungers
Walking from heel to toe
Abstinence of tremor
Synchronous movements of the hands
Coordination of the tongue-motor muscles
EMG
EEG
Page 514 of 555
:
neck stiffness
Oppenheim's symptom
Neri's symptom
2079. For the lesion of the internal capsule is characteristic:
hemiplegia on the opposite side
muscle atony
tetraparesis
peripheral paresis of the hand.
2080. Damage to the C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord leads to:
central tetraplegia
central paralysis of the hands
peripheral paralysis of the hands
violation of the pelvic organs of the peripheral type
it is found in the posterior cranial fossa
it is a part of brainstem
it is separated from the occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli
it has two hemispheres
it is responsible for coordination
2082. True about occulumotor nerve are all except
Page 515 of 555
:
2083. Indicate where the bodies of the [rst neurons of all types are localized sensitivity:
Intervertebral node
Visual thalamus
2084. A synonym for Parkinson's syndrome is:
akinetic-rigid
choreic
myoclonic
amyotrophic
2085. To detect asynergy using the Babinsky test, the patient should be asked to
touch the tip of the nose with a Unger
perform rapid pronation-supination of outstretched arms
sit down from a supine position with arms crossed on the chest
standing, lean back
2086. Tendon reVexes include:
abdominal
knee
pharyngeal
plantar
Page 516 of 555
:
2087. The olfactory nerve pierces the
Cribriform plate of ethmoid
Anterior part of root of cavernous sinus
Posterior part of root of cavernous sinus
A and B
2088. Following are the functional components of facial nerve EXCEPT
Special somatic afferent
2089. Among the following cranial nerves, the pure sensory nerve includes all EXCEPT
II
III
VIII
2090. Damage to the cerebral cortex is characterized by:
tetraparesis
fasciculation
muscle atrophy
monoparesis
2091. What characterizes choreiform hyperkinesia?
erratic involuntary movements that occur in various parts of the body
worm-like movements in the distal parts of the arms
ataxia
Page 517 of 555
:
2092. With central paralysis is not observed:
muscle hypotrophy
increased tendon re[exes
disorders of electrical excitability of nerves and muscles
2093. The following movement disorders are typical for Parkinson's syndrome:
ataxia
akinesis
paresis
athetosis
2094. In a patient it is noticed that when he protrudes his tongue is deviates to the left. The nerve damaged is:
Left hypoglossal
Left glossopharyngeal
Right hypoglossal
Right glossopharyngeal
2095. In facial nerve injury just above the branching of chorda tympani nerve, which is not seen
Paralysis of facial muscles
Decreased salivation
Loss of taste sensation
Hyperacusis
Page 518 of 555
:
2096. The patient complains of unsteady gait, systemic dizziness, nausea, cannot stand straight. There is horizontal
nystagmus. In the pose of Romberg falls. A patient is affected:
Cerebellar vermis
All parts of the cerebellum
Vestibular apparatus
Cerebellar hemispheres
Posterior funiculi of the spinal cord
2097. All the muscles of the face are supplied by facial nerve except
Levator anguli oris
Corrugators supercilli
Leavator palpebrae superioris
Risorius
2098. Trapezoid body is associated with
Auditory pathway
Visual pathway
Pyramidal pathway
Gustatory pathway
Extra- pyramidal pathway
2099. Which of the following is least likely to cause choreiform movements?
polyarteritis nodosa
polycythaemia rubra vera
rheumatic fever
systemic lupus erythematosus
Page 519 of 555
:
2100. The sensitive analyzer system consists of all of the following nervous elements, except:
Receptors
Rubra-spinal tract
Spinal thalamic tract
Postcentral gyrus
Medial loop
2101. Sensory [bres from the taste buds in the bard and soft palate travel along
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
2102. All the cranial nerves provide innervations for the structure in the head and neck except one, that additionally supplies the
thorax and abdomen
Glossopharyngeal
Spinal accessory
Vagus
Hypoglossal
2103. Which of the following are typical for lesions of the corticospinal tract at the level of the thoracic spinal cord?
spastic tetraplegia
mixed tetraplegia
Page 520 of 555
:
2104. Dysdiadokinesia refers to which of the following?
Inability to perform the Tandem-Gait test
Inability to stand without swaying with eyes open
Inability to control distance, power or speed of a movement
Inability to control vestibulo-ocular re[exes
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements with the hands
2105. Which of the bones lodge the optic nerves?
Greater wing of sphenoid
Lesser wing of sphenoid
Orbital plate of frontal bone
Junction of orbital plate of maxillary and frontal bones
2106. A patient came to the hospital with one side of the whole face paralysed. The face had become asymmetrical and drawn
up to the normal side; the affected side is motionless, articulation and speech are impaired. This would be case of
Supranuclear lesion of facial nerve
Infranuclear lesion of facial nerve
Lesion of trigeminal nerve
None of the above
2107. The autonomic ganglion associated with lingual nerve is
Otic ganglion
Submandibular ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
None of the above
Page 521 of 555
:
2108. The cells of olfactory nerve are
Unipolar neurons
Bipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons
Psuedounipolar neurons
2109. As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you wish to lesion if you are
focusing mainly on the Vocculo-nodular lobe circuitry of the cerebellum?
Fastigial nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Clarkes nucleus
Spinal border cells
Globose nucleus
2110. In the clinic of central paralysis will be noted:
plasticity of muscle tone
hypore[exia
are[exia
2111. The optic nerve exits the eye through which the following structures
Lens
Iris
Cornea
Optic disc
Page 522 of 555
:
2112. Central paresis of the left arm and right leg indicates a lesion in the area:
brain stem
complete transverse lesion of C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord
left hemisphere
2113. The nerve supplying submandibular gland is
IX
VII
XII
2114. The [rst neuron of the spinothalamic pathway is located in the following anatomical formation:
spinal ganglion
skin
thalamus
postcentral gyrus
2115. In the syndrome of transverse spinal cord injury at the thoracic level, urination disorders do not occur in the form of:
true incontinence
urinary retention
imperative urges
2116. With the defeat of the epiconus, it is noted:
peripheral paresis of the distal lower extremities (feet)
no movement disorders
Page 523 of 555
:
2117. The following symptoms are characteristic of the cerebral type of sensory disturbance:
hemihypesthesia, violation of all types of sensitivity
violation of sensitivity on one's side
violation of sensitivity in the dermatome
2118. Maxillary nerve innervates all of the following EXCEPT
Ala of nose by lower eyelid
Upper cheeks
Gingivae of maxilla
TMJ
2119. The smallest cranial nerve is the-DNB 02, AMU 02
Olfactory
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Accessory
2120. A 47-year-old man had a pathological process that disrupted the posterior horns, cervical thickening (syringomyelia).
What type of violation
nsitivity in the patient?
Peripheral mononeuritic
Segmentally dissociated
Conduction spinal
Conduction cerebral
Peripheral polyneuritic
Page 524 of 555
:
epineuria
dura mater
pia mater
endoneuria
2122. Nucleus of tractus solitarius is connected with the following cranial nerves EXCEPT
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve
2123. All the following nerves are related to mandible except
Lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
Mental nerve
2124. Injury of VI cranial nerve results in
Medial convergent squint
Lateral divergent squint
Paralysis of medial rectus muscle
Paralysis of superior oblique muscle.
2125. The patient is affected in the upper part of the anterior central gyrus on the left, he notes:
Page 525 of 555
:
2126. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve passes through
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
2127. A 15-year-old girl with diphtheria developed pain and numbness in arms and legs; violation of all types of sensitivity in
the distal
rts of the arms and legs. What type of sensory disturbance does the patient have?
Mononeuritic
Polyneuritic
Conduction spinal
Conduction cerebral
Segmental
2128. The pathological reVexes of the Vexion group include:
Gordon
Zhukovsky
Sheffer
Babinsky
2129. Mandibular nerve supplies
Anterior belly of digastic, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor palatini
Posterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid.
Stapes, melleus and incus.
Page 526 of 555
:
2130. Parkinson's gait is characterized as:
Shuging, small steps
Spastic
Spastic-atactic
Hemiparetic
Stepage
caudate nucleus
substancia nigra
cerebellar
frontal lobe
2132. Uncertainty and unsteadiness when walking in the dark and with good lighting characteristic of ataxia:
Dynamic cerebellar
Sensitive
vestibular
Static-locomotor cerebellar
Cortical (frontal)
2133. The following movements are characteristic of choreic hyperkinesis:
grimaces, large-amplitude
slow in pace
fast paced, twisting along the axis
Page 527 of 555
:
2134. What are the manifestations of hemiballismus?
low worm-like movements in the Ungers
erratic contractions of various muscles
tremor at rest
rapid contraction of the proximal muscles of the limbs with elements of rotation of the body
2135. In the clinical picture of peripheral paralysis will be noted:
hyperre[exia
atony
clonuses
2136. IX nerves enters submandibular region (b) lies deep to Hyoglossus muscle
A is true but IX N lies superUcial to hyoglossus
A is false and b is true
2137. Following are the direct branches of the vagus nerve;
Carotid, superior laryngeal, internal laryngeal and left recurrent laryngeal
Auricular, carotid, superior laryngeal, right recurrent, cardia
Sup laryngeal, internal laryngeal, left recurrent laryngeal, cardia
Meningeal, auricular, left recurrent laryngeal
2138. A 12-year-old boy with cerebral palsy develops pathological foot reVexes of the extensor type, namely:
Rossolimo
Marinescu-Radovich
Babinsky
Page 528 of 555
:
2139. Stapedius muscle is supplied by … Nerve
Facial
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Trochlear
2140. Nerve supply of stapedius is
2nd nerve
3rd nerve
5th nerve
7th nerve
2141. Which of the following nuclei belongs to the general visceral efferent column
Trigeminal nerve nucleus
Nucleus ambiguous
2142. In facial palsy the muscle which is paralysed is
Levator palpebrae superioris
Orbicularis oculi
Constrictor pupil
Dilator pupil
2143. Injury to motor divison of the mandibular nerve will cause paralysis of the following EXCEPT
Medial pterygoid
Buccinator
Page 529 of 555
:
2144. What are the clinical manifestations of myoclonus?
slow worm-like movements in the Ungers
violent rotational movements of the torso
random contractions of various muscles
tremor at rest
2145. Which of the following is not true about facial nerve
Secretomotor to submandibular gland
Large motor and small sensory root
Supplies anterior belly of digastric
Parasympathetic innervation to palatal and nasal glands
2146. All of the following statements about the vagus nerve are true except that it
Supplies heart and lung
Carries postganglionic parasympathetic Ubers
Innervates right two third of transverse colon
Stimulates peristalsis and relaxes sphincters
2147. The following symptoms characterize damage to the spinal root:
pain, paresthesia, hypoesthesia in the corresponding dermatome
hypoesthesia of the "socks and gloves" type
hemihypesthesia
2148. All of the following structures are associcated with branches of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT the
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Stylomastoid foramen
Page 530 of 555
:
2149. Following is true about cranial root of accessory nerve EXCEPT
It joins the vagus nerve superior to the inferior vagal ganglion
It contains special visceral efferent and general visceral efferent components
It joins with spinal root of accessory nerve after emerging through the jugular foramen
Fibres of the nerve derived from nucleus ambiguous innervate the palatal muscles except tensor veli palatini
2150. Lacrimal secretion are decreased when facial nerve injury occurs at the following site
Middle ear
Mastoid foramen
Geniculate ganglion
2151. Optic nerve is made up of axons of cells in the
Amacrine cell layer of retina
Bipolar cell layer of retina
Ganglionic layer of the retina
Horizontal cell layer of retina
2152. Possible causes of muscle hypotension are all, except:
[accid paralysis
cerebellar pathology
damage to the pallido-nigral system
caudate nucleus lesion
Page 531 of 555
:
2153. As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you know to be the major output
neuron of the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje cells
Dentate nucleus
Fastigial nucleus
Clarke's nucleus
Spinal border cells
2154. Mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for receiving
Pain sensation
Pressure sensation
Proprioception
Temperature sensation
2155. The term “archistriatum” is applied to
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Amygdaloid nucleus
2156. Following cranial nerve nucleus is present in the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Facial
Page 532 of 555
:
2157. Glossopharyngeal nerve leaves the skull
Through jugular foramen and lies anterior to X and XI
Through foramen lacerum anterior of X and XI nerves
Through jugular foramen and lies in middle or X and XI nerves
Through foramen spinosum post of posterior to X and XI nerves
2158. Which is a direct content of cavernous sinus
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducent nerve
Occulomotor nerve
2159. The olfactory cells or cells of primary neurons lie in the
Olfactory part of nasal mucosa
Primary olfactory cortex
Olfactory bulb
Secondary olfactory area
2160. The defeat of the cervical thickening leads to the following movement disorders:
[accid paresis of the arms and spastic paresis of the legs
spastic paresis of the legs only
[accid tetraparesis
2161. Gag reVex is lost due to paralysis of
V nerve
VII nerve
IX nerve
XII nerve
Page 533 of 555
:
2162. What symptoms are not typical for lesions of the thoracic spinal cord:
urinary retention
2163. Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve has following functional component?
2164. Indicate in which part of the cerebral cortex the projection is presented sensory innervation of the head:
In the lower part of the postcentral gyrus
In the superior part of the postcentral gyrus
In the superior precentral gyrus
In the middle section of the postcentral gyrus
In the lower part of the precentral gyrus
2165. The following type of sensory impairment occurs when the posterior horn of the spinal cord is damaged:
segmental-dissociated
polyneuropathic
conductive
cerebral
neural
Page 534 of 555
:
2166. Lacrimation does not occur when facial nerve injury is at
Geniculate ganglion
In semicircular canal
At sphenopalatine ganglia
At mastoid foramen
2167. Which nerve can be damaged by excessive pressure on angle of mandible during maintaining patent airway?
VI
VII
VIII
2168. Following nerves have general somatic efferent component except
Trochlear
Abducens
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal
2169. Tumour in[ltrating into the foramen ovale will cause all EXCEPT
Anaesthesia of TMJ
Paralysis of tensor tympani
Paresthesia of hlips.
Paralysis of stylohyoid
2170. The presence of hemianesthesia, hemianopia & sensory hemiataxia suggests damage to the following:
internal capsule
thalamus opticus
spinal cord
black substance
Page 535 of 555
:
2171. All the following cranial nerves transmit taste sensation to the brain except
Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
2172. All the following muscles are innervated by the facial nerve except
Occipito- frontalis
Risorius
Procerus
2173. All the cranial nerves provide innervations for the structures in the head and neck except one, that additionally supplies
the thorax and abdomen
Glossopharyngeal
Spinal accessory
Vagus
Hypoglossal
2174. The following symptoms are typical for lesions of the sensitive spinal ganglion:
hypoesthesia in the dermatome zone, pain along the spine, herpetic eruptions
conduction hypoesthesia
hypoesthesia of the type "gloves and socks"
2175. What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is directly associated with the substantia nigra? It is known that a disorder
that is associated with this neurotransmitter underlies Parkinson's disease. What is this neurotransmitter?
serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine
acethylholine
Page 536 of 555
:
2176. List the symptoms of damage to the C4 segment in diameter:
neck muscle atrophy
central paresis of the legs
central paresis of the hands
2177. Examination of a 40-year-old female patient revealed a dissociated segmental type of sensory disturbance on the left
hand. Which
d the patient develop a symptom?
Anesthesia of all types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
Anesthesia of deep types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
Paresthesia in the left arm
Fibrillation in the left arm
Anesthesia of superUcial types of sensitivity in the zone C4-C7 on the left
2178. Following are the functional components of glossopharyngeal nerve EXCEPT
2179. Site of lesion affecting V,VI & VII cranial nerve
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
C-P angle
Page 537 of 555
:
2180. The patient is affected by the upper part of the anterior central gyrus on the right, he notes:
2181. The right facial nerve damage
There is paralysis of facial muscles
There is paralysisof of muscles of mastication
Paralysis of vocal cords
A and B
2182. IX N descends between the IJV and ICA and (b) lies deep to stylohyoid process
A is true but IX nerve lies superUcial to stylohyoid process
Is true but IX nerve descends between X nerves and IJV
2183. What symptom is typical for the defeat of the occipital lobe?
astereognosia
apraxia
visual agnosia
autopagnosia
2184. Indicate what is typical for the segmental type of sensory damage:
Violation of sensitivity only in the area of damage to the segment
Violation of surface sensitivity in the zone of innervation
Page 538 of 555
:
2185. Defeat of the following anatomical formation causes hyperkinesis:
pyramidal system
cerebellum
extrapyramidal system
spinal cord
frontal lobe
2186. The outVow of cerebrospinal Vuid is carried out using the following systems, except:
lymphatic systems
venous systems
abdominal aorta
arterial system
perineural and perivascular spaces
2187. Characteristic for the defeat of the posterior horns of the spinal cord is:
muscular atrophy
segmental loss of pain and temperature sensitivity
conductive disturbances of sensitivity
are[exia
2188. Which of the following nerves pierces the posterior part of roof of the cavernous sinus?
Optic nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Olfactory nerve
Page 539 of 555
:
2189. Indicate, in case of damage, which part of the nervous system hemianesthesia, hemiataxia, hemianopsia:
Visual intersection
Medial loop
thalamus
Occipital cortex
2190. Which of the following is not true regarding trigeminal nerve
Roots of trirgeminal nerve are atattached to pons
It has 3 main divisons
Supplies duramaeter of middle cranial fossa
Trigeminal ganglion contributes to the sensory root only.
2191. Central paresis of the right arm and left leg indicates a lesion in the area:
brain stem
complete transverse lesion of C-1-C4 segments of the spinal cord
pyramidal cross on the right side
2192. Nucleus ambiguous contributes [bres to the following cranial nerves EXCEPT
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Page 540 of 555
:
2193. In a 25-year-old man, after a craniocerebral injury , pathological foot signs of the Vexor type were identi[ed. What
syndrome is revealed?
Oppenheim
Marinescu-Radovic
Babinsky
Rossolimo
2194. With the defeat of the pyramidal tract in the brainstem, it is noted:
contralateral craniocerebral insumciency in combination with ipsilateral central hemiplegia
contralateral peripheral hemiplegia
contralateral central paresis of VII and XII pairs of craniocerebral insumciency and in combination with central hemiplegia
ipsilateral cranial insumciency in combination with contralateral central hemiplegia
2195. For the defeat of the dorsal columns is not typical:
deep sensation dysfunction
loss of proprioception
sensitive ataxia
2196. Motor division of trigeminal nerve comes out from
Foramen spinousm
Foramen magnum
Foramen ovale
Foramen lacerum
2197. Which of the following is not a branch of ophthalmic nerve?
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Medial ethmoidal
Page 541 of 555
:
2198. Hypoglossal nerve is
Purely sensory
Purely motor
Mixed
Spinal nerve
2199. Superior rectus is supplied by which cranial nerve
Superior division of 3rd nerve
Abducent nerve
Trochlear nerve
2200. The ganglion which is associated with the occulomotor nerve is
Optic ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Superior cervical ganglion
None of the above
2201. For the defeat of the internal capsule is not typical:
central hemiplegia
hemianesthesia
hemianopsia
hyperkinesis
2202. Wry neck or torticollis is caused by
Irritation of vagus
Irritation of spinal accessory
Irritation of cranial accessory
Irritation of recurrent laryngeal
Page 542 of 555
:
2203. Auricular branch of vagus is otherwise called as
Jacobson’s nerve
Herring’s nerve
Alderman’s nerve
Vidian nerve
2204. Muscles spared by complete transaction of cranial part of accessory nerve
Cricopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
2205. Damage to the spinal cord at the level of LI - SII leads to:
central paralysis of the upper limbs
peripheral paralysis of the lower extremities
no movement disorder
2206. Cranial nerve not carrying parasympathetic [bres
Fourth
Seventh
Third
Ninth
2207. Central paralysis develops with the lesion of:
corticospinal tract
of a peripheral motor neuron
spinal ganglia
posterior horns
Page 543 of 555
:
2208. Following is true about the spinal root of accessory nerve EXCEPT
It is formed by Ubres from cell bodies in the anterior horn of upper six segments of cervical part of spinal cord
They emerge as series of roots from the lateral surface of spinal cord posterior to the denticulate ligament
A single nerve formed enters through the jugular foramen into the cranial cavity to join with the cranial root of accessory nerve
It supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezium muscles
2210. Smiling and frowning are actions produced by the following nerves
Mastication trigeminal (V cranial)
Mastication facial (VII cranial)
Facial expression trigeminal (V cranial)
Facial expression facial (VII cranial)
2211. Branches of the ophthalmic division of the [fth cranial nerve leave the middle cranial fossa through the
Lacrimal foramen
Orbital foramen
2212. The following symptoms are typical for lesions of the strio-nigral system:
choreic hyperkinesis, muscle rigidity
paresis, akinesis
nystagmus
Page 544 of 555
:
2213. Following is true about the Trochlear nerve EXCEPT
Its nucleus is situated in the midbrain at the level of inferior colliculus
It has general somatic efferent component
It is motor for superior oblique muscle of eyeball
The Ubres of both nerves decussate completely, anterior to the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain
spastic tetraplegia
2215. The Wernicke-Mann position is typical for the defeat:
occipital lobe of the brain
internal capsule
lateral columns of the spinal cord
2216. Central lower paraparesis - a syndrome of damage to the pyramidal tracts at the level of spinal cord segments:
lumbar
cervical
2217. Ext branch of sup. Laryngeal N. supply
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Post cricoarytenoid
Cricoarytenoid
Page 545 of 555
:
2218. A patient having diplopia while climbing down the stairs or while reading could be suspected to have
Paralysis of III nerve
Paralysis of IV nerve
Paralysis of VI nerve
A and B
2219. The defeat of the following anatomical formation causes a conductive type of sensory disturbance:
spinal root
peripheral nerve
transverse spinal cord injury
ponytail
2220. indicate where other neurons of all types of sensitivity end:
Visual thalamus
Postcentral gyrus
2221. Branches of facial nerve are
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Posterior auricular
All of the above
Page 546 of 555
:
2222. Your 27-year old patient displays ataxia when asked to walk across the examination room. You ask him to stand still with
his eyes closed and note marked swaying back and forth. When he opens his eyes the swaying persists. Vibration sense is
normal on all four limbs. Given the clinical picture in this case, such ataxia is likely due to damage to which of the following
structures?
Dorsal columns
Cerebral peduncles
Posterior limb of the internal capsule
Ventral horns of the spinal cord
Cerebellum
2223. Injury of which of these nerve cause vocal cord paralysis
Recurrent laryngeal
External laryngeal
Internal laryngeal
Superior laryngeal
2224. Somatic efferent does not include
Facial nerve
Occulomotor nerve
Abducens
Trochlear
2225. Central paresis of the left hand occurs when the focus is localized
in the upper sections of the anterior central gyrus on the left
in the lower parts of the anterior central gyrus on the left
in the posterior thigh of the internal capsule
in the middle section of the anterior central gyrus on the right
Page 547 of 555
:
2226. Which of the following cranial nerves present in the posterior fossa
3rd to 12th
4th to 12th
5th to 12th
6th to 12th
2227. V and VII nerves are attached in
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
A and C
2228. Cranial nerve related to apex to the petrous temporal bone
VIII
VII
IX
2229. When the spinal cord is damaged at the level of Th 5- Th 10 segments of the spinal cord, the following movement
disorders occur:
tetraplegia
2230. The entire optic nerve is enclosed in
Dura mater
Dura and arachnoid mater
All the three meningeal layers
Has no meningeal covering
Page 548 of 555
:
2231. The following statements concerning chroda tympani nerve are true except that it
Contains postganglionic parasympathetic Ubers
peripheral nerves
the spinal cord
the brainstem
the thalamus
2233. What symptoms are not typical for the defeat of the lumbar enlargement:
urinary retention
2234. What symptoms are not typical for damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord:
anesthesia
muscular atrophy
fasciculation
atonia
2235. Indicate in which horns of the spinal cord the bodies of sensory neurons are located?
Front
Column
Posterior
Page 549 of 555
:
2236. Efferent axons from the dentate nucleus terminate in what thalamic nucleus and travel through what peduncle?
Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
2237. Following are the cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain EXCEPT
Occulomotor nerve nucleus
Trochlear nerve nucleus
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
2238. Following is true about nucleus ambiguous except
Its functional component is special visceral efferent
It is situated in pons at the level of facial colliculus
It is connected with the ninth, tenth and eleventh cranial nerves
It is involved in the lateral medullary syndrome
2239. Following is true about nucleus of tractus solitarieus except
It is situated in the medulla oblongata
Its functional component is special visceral afferent
Through its connections with the reticular formation, it has re[ex control of cardiovascular and respiratory function
It receives afferent Ubres from eleventh cranial nerve
2240. Auditory transmission is via
Lateral lemniscus
Medial lemniscus
Frontal cortex
Page 550 of 555
:
2241. Sphenopalatine ganglion is associated with
Great superUcial petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Vagus nerve
2242. Following is the cranial nerve nucleus in the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus
Motor nucleus of occulomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of Trochlear nerve
2243. A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient exhibited an unsteady "drunk
like" gait and the physician noted that he swayed while entering the examination room. Which region of the cerebellum was
most likely affected by the bleed?
Hemispheres of the anterior lobe
Hemisphere of the posterior lobe
Interposed nuclei
Dentate nucleus
Flocculonodular lobe
2244. The following disorders are corrected by vision control:
paresis
vestibular ataxia
cerebellar ataxia
sensitive ataxia
frontal ataxia
Page 551 of 555
:
2245. The following symptoms are typical for Brown-Séquard syndrome:
central paresis on the opposite side
central paresis on own side, loss of pain sensitivity contralaterally, loss of deep sensitivity contralaterally
loss of deep sensitivity contralaterally
2246. The patient has horizontal nystagmus, with abduction of the eye apples to the sides. There are no paresis. Can’t walk and
stand alone, in Romberg's pose falls. Diffuse muscle hypotension. Sensitivity saved. Where is the lesion site located?
cerebellar vermis
Right cerebellum
2247. Lack of movement in both lower limbs is called:
tetraplegia
hemiplegia
paraplegia
diplopia
2248. What are the symptoms of damage to the thalamus on the left:
hemihypesthesia on the left
motor aphasia
hemiataxia
2249. What formations of the extrapyramidal system include to pallidum?
caudate nucleus
black substance, red nuclei
putamen
shell
Page 552 of 555
:
2250. Which of the cranial nerve decussate with in the brain
Trochlear
Optic
Oculomotor
Trigeminal
2251. A 17-year-old boy has upper - peripheral - paraparesis, [brillar twitching in the muscles of the shoulder. What structures
of the nervous system were affected?
peripheral nerves
anterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of C5 - Th1
anterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of Th2-Th7
posterior horns of the spinal cord at the level of C5 - Th1
2252. Name the symptoms of damage to the internal capsule on the right:
hemiparesis on the left, hemihypesthesia on the left
hemihypesthesia on the right
anosognosia
2253. 70-year old man with a history of hypertension went to work and had sudden onset of nausea and vomiting. He was taken
to ER, where his exam was notable for slurred speech, dysmetria on [nger-to-nose testing on the left side. His gait was normal.
Where is the lesion?
Cerebellar vermis
Right cerebellar hemisphere
Fastigial nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
Page 553 of 555
:
2254. A 34-year-old patient has a feeling of numbness in the right half of the body, the left half of the face. These areas were
found to be defective.
in and temperature sensitivity. Specify the disorder syndrome sensitivity.
Alternating hemianesthesia
Segmental dissociated
Root
Polyneuritic
2255. Maxillary nerve innervates all of the following except
Ala of nose and lower eyelid
Upper cheeks
Gingivae of maxilla
TMJ
2256. The cranial nerve with the longest intracranial course –
Optic
Abducent
Trigeminal
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Page 554 of 555
:
2258. A 26-year-old man has a loss of deep types of sensitivity with Th5 level on the right. Where is the lesion localized?
Anterior horns at Th5 on the right
Anterior white spike at Th5
Rear horns at Th5 level on the left
Sidetracks at Th5 on the left
Rear trunks at Th5 on the right
2259. Which of the following reVexes are determined in central paralysis:
Oppenheim
Gordon
Sheffer
all of the above
programming of rapid, skilled voluntary movements.
integration of proprioception with re[ex activity.
tactile sense appreciation.
regulation of muscle tone.
Test System 2023
Page 555 of 555
:

Neurology 2023 Exam

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Neurology 2023 Exam

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4. A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly frequent episodes of double vision for 2 days.

Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

Loss of axons and atrophy of oligodendrocytes

Extracellular deposits of amyloid peptides

Demyelination with partial preservation of axons

Sporadic transient tic disorder

Migraine with aura

Migraine without aura

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

Complex partial seizures

Grand mal seizures

Dimethyl fumarate therapy

Interferon beta therapy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Weakness of the ocular muscles only in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders

Myogenic Undings on EMG

Elevated CPK in neuromuscular junction transmission disorders

Tension type headache

Medication overuse headache

Tremulousness of the right arm in the absence of other movement disorder

Sudden loss of posture and falling unconscious to the [oor

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

18. Which of the following clinical features is associated with ALS?

Sensory loss on face

Resting tremor of the hands

Loss of position sense of the toes

19. A 40-year-old woman comes into the physician

Substitute aspirin for acetaminophen (Tylenol)

CT imaging of the head

Medication overuse headache

The diagnosis of MS is based on clinical lesions separated by time and space

Oligo bands in the CSF are speciUc for multiple sclerosis

Steroids are effective in improving the course of disease

This is a genetic disorder well characterized on chromosome 11

Problems drawing a clock

Impaired sense of smell

Hyperre[exia with positive Babinski signs

Impaired short-term memory

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Regression of verbal skills and stereotyped hand-wringing

Episodic jerky movements of the arm and impaired consciousness

Frequent episodes of blank staring and eye [uttering

Recurrent motor tics and involuntary obscene speech

Noncontrast CT brain scan

Intravenous (IV) administration of lorazepam

Insulin drip and frequent serum glucose monitoring

Securing the airway

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Medication overuse headache

Primary generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizure

Complex partial seizure

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies

Smoking history of 30 pack years

History of fever, night sweats, and weight loss

Increased urinary catecholamines

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Seizures are likely to continue to occur in this individual

Embolic strokes require a patent foramen ovale

This patient likely has a partial seizure disorder

This patient likely has diabetes