REMEDIAL LAW, LEGALAND JUDICIAL ETHICS

WITH PRACTICAL EXERCISES

2024BarExaminationsOffic
eoftheBarChairperson

I. GENERALPRINCIPLES

A. SubstantiveLawvs.AdjectiveLaw

B. Rule-MakingPoweroftheSupremeCourt

C. HierarchyofCourts;DoctrineofNon-InterferenceandJudicialStability

D. SuppletoryApplicationoftheRulesofCourtinAdministrativeBodies

E. ConstructionoftheRulesofCourt(Rule1,sec.6)

II.JURISDICTION

A. AspectsofJurisdiction
1. OvertheSubjectMatter
2. OvertheParties
3. OvertheIssues

B. ClassificationofJurisdiction
1. Originalvs.Appellate
2. Generalvs.Special
3. Exclusivevs.Concurrent

C. JurisdictionofthePhilippineCourts(B.P.Blg.129,asamended)
1. SupremeCourt–1987CONST.,art.VIII,sec.5
2. CollegiateCourts
a. CourtofAppeals–B.P.Blg.129,asamended byR.A.No. 7902
b. Sandiganbayan–P.D.No.1606,asamendedbyR.A.No.7975,
R.A.No.8249andR.A.No.10660
c. Court of Tax Appeals – R.A. No. 1125, as amended by R.A.
No.9282 and R.A. No. 9503
3. Second-Level Courts – B.P. Blg. 129 as amended by R.A. No. 7691,R.A.
No.11576andR.A.No.8369;A.M.No.22-04-06-SC,A.M.No.03-03-03-
SC, November 9, 2021
4. First-LevelCourts–B.P.Blg.129asamendedbyR.A.No.7691andR.A. No.
11576
5. InherentPowersandMeanstoCarryJurisdiction–Rule135,secs.5-6

D. RevisedKatarungangPambarangayLaw(R.A.No.7160)

E. RulesonExpedited ProceduresintheFirstLevelCourts(A.M.No.08-8-7-SC,

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 March1,2022)

F. DoctrineofAdherencetoJurisdictionandResidualJurisdiction

G. Jurisdictionvs.ExerciseofJurisdiction

H. PrimaryJurisdictionandExhaustionofAdministrativeRemedies

I. VenueinCriminalandCivilActions

III. CIVILPROCEDURE(1997RulesonCivilProcedureasamendedby A.M.No.19- 10-20-

SC)

A. GeneralProvisions(Rule1)

B. KindsofAction
1. OrdinaryandSpecial
2. PersonalandReal
3. Actioninpersonam,inrem,quasiinrem

C. CauseofAction(Rule2)
1. Splitting
2. JoinderandMisjoinder

D. Parties toCivilActions (Rule3)

1. Kindsofparties
2. Joinder of parties
a. Compulsory
b. Permissive
3. Third(Fourth,etc.)Parties
4. ClassSuit
5. Death of a Party
6. TransferofInterest

E. Pleadings
1. Kinds–Rule 6
2. PartsandContents;FormalRequirements–Rule7
3. MannerofMakingAllegations–Rule8
4. EffectofFailuretoPlead–Rule 9
5. AmendedandSupplementalPleadings–Rule10
6. PeriodtoFileResponsivePleadings–Rule11
7. FilingandService–Rule13
a. RulesonDocketFeesandEffectofNon-Payment
b. A.M. No. 10-3-7-SC, June 1, 2022 or the Revised Guidelines on
SubmissionofElectronicCopiesofSupremeCourt-BoundPapers
pursuant to the Efficient Use of Paper Rule

F. Summons(Rule14)

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 1. NatureandPurpose
2. WhoMayServe
3. ValidService of Summons;Alias Summons
4. ServiceofSummons
a. PersonalService
b. SubstitutedService
c. ConstructiveService
d. ExtraterritorialService
5. ProofofService
6. VoluntaryAppearance

G. Motions(Rule15)
1. LitigiousandNon-litigiousMotions
2. ProhibitedMotions

H. DismissalofActions(Rule17)

I. Pre-Trial(Rule18andA.M.No.03-1-09-SC)

J. Intervention (Rule19)

K. Subpoena(Rule21)

L. Computation of Time(Rule 22)

M. ModesofDiscovery(Rules23-29)

N. Trial(Rule30)

O. ConsolidationandSeverance(Rule31)

P. DemurrertoEvidence(Rule33)

Q. JudgmentsandFinal Orders
1. JudgmentonthePleadings–Rule34
2. SummaryJudgment–Rule35
3. RenditionandEntryofJudgmentandFinalOrders–Rule36

R. RemediesbeforeFinalityofJudgment
1. MotionforNewTrialorReconsideration–Rule37
2. AppealsandOtherModesofReview–Rules40-45;Rule 64

S. RemediesafterJudgmentBecomesFinal
1. PetitionforRelieffromJudgment–Rule38
2. AnnulmentofJudgment–Rule47
3. CollateralAttackonJudgments

T. Execution, Satisfaction, and Effects of Judgments(Rule 39)

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 1. AsaMatterRightandasaMatterofDiscretion–Sections1-4
2. ByMotionorbyIndependentAction–Section6
3. ExecutionofMoneyJudgment–Section9
4. ExecutionofJudgmentsforSpecificAct–Section10
5. RemediesWhenPropertyofThirdPersonisLevied–Section16
6. ExaminationoftheJudgmentObligor–Sections36-37
7. EffectofJudgmentsorFinalOrders–Section47
8. EffectofForeignJudgmentsorFinalOrders–Section48

U. ProvisionalRemedies
1. PreliminaryAttachment–Rule57
2. PreliminaryInjunctionandTemporaryRestrainingOrder–Rule58
3. Replevin–Rule60

IV. SPECIALCIVILACTIONS

A. Interpleader(Rule62)

B. DeclaratoryReliefandSimilarRemedies(Rule63)

C. Certiorari,ProhibitionandMandamus(Rule 65)

D. QuoWarranto(Rule66)

E. Expropriation(Rule67)
1. TwoStagesinanActionforExpropriation
2. DeterminationofJustCompensation
3. EffectofFailuretoPayJustCompensation
4. WhentoFileMotionforIssuanceofWritofPossession
5. R.A.No.10752,GuidelinesforExpropriationProceedingsofNational
Government Infrastructure Projects

F. ForeclosureofRealEstateMortgage(Rule68)
1. JudicialForeclosure
2. ExtrajudicialForeclosure–ActNo.3135,asamended
3. BankForeclosure–R.A.No.8791,Section47

G. Partition(Rule69)

H. ForcibleEntryandUnlawfulDetainer(Rule70)

I. Contempt (Rule71)

V. SPECIALPROCEEDINGSANDSPECIALWRITS

A. SettlementofEstateofDeceasedPersons
1. VenueandProcess–Rule73
2. SummarySettlementofEstates;LiabilityofDistributeesandEstate–

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 Rule74
3. AllowanceorDisallowanceofWill–Rule76
4. LettersTestamentaryandofAdministration–Rule78
5. ClaimsagainsttheEstate–Rule86
6. ActionbyandagainstExecutorsandAdministrators–Rule87
7. PaymentoftheDebtsoftheEstate–Rule88
8. Sales,Mortgages,andotherEncumbrancesofPropertyofDecedent–
Rule89
9. DistributionandPartitionoftheEstate–Rule90

B. Guardianship
1. Venue
2. AppointmentofGuardians;KindsofGuardians
3. GeneralPowersandDutiesofGuardians
4. TerminationofGuardianship
5. RuleonGuardianshipofMinors–A.M.No.03-02-05-SC

C. Adoption
1. DomesticAdministrativeAdoptionandAlternativeChildCareAct–
R.A.No.11642
2. Re:RuleonAdoption–A.M.No.02-6-02-SC,April19,2022

D. HabeasCorpus(Rule102);CustodyofMinors(A.M.No.03-04-04-SC)

E. WritofAmparo(A.M.No.07-9-12-SC)

F. WritofHabeasData(A.M.No.08-1-16-SC)

G. ChangeofName(Rule103)

H. CancellationorCorrectionofEntriesintheCivilRegistry(Rule108;R.A.9048, as
amended by R.A. No. 10172)

I. RuleofProcedureforEnvironmentalCases(A.M.No.09-6-8-SC)

VI. CRIMINALPROCEDURE

A. CriminalJurisdiction

B. ProsecutionofOffenses(Rule110)
1. Publicvs.PrivateCrimes
2. RoleofPublicProsecutor–Section5
3. ComplaintandInformation–Sections1-4
4. SufficencyofComplaintorInformation–Sections6-12
5. DuplicityofOffense–Section13
6. AmendmentorSubstitutionofComplaintorInformation–Section14
7. VenueofCriminalActions–Section15
8. InterventionofOffendedParty–Section16

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 9. InjunctioninCriminalCases–OCACircularNo.79-03,Item14

C. ProsecutionofCivilAction(Rule111)
1. ImpliedInstitutionofCivilActionArisingfromCrime
2. PriorReservation,Suspension,WaiverofCivilActions
3. IndependentCivilActions(SeealsoCivilCode,arts.31-34)
4. CivilLiabilityEx-delicto
a. IncasesofAcquittal(SeealsoCivilCode,art.29)
b. DeathoftheAccused
5. PrejudicialQuestion(SeealsoCivilCode,art.36)

D. PreliminaryInvestigation(Rule112)
1. AuthorizedOfficers;DeterminationofProbableCause–Sections2-4
2. CasesNotRequiringPreliminaryInvestigation–Section1
3. MotiontoReopen;MotionforReinvestigation
4. ModesofReview–DOJDepartmentCircularNo.027,Seriesof2022
5. Inquest Proceedings;WaiverofArticle125oftheRevisedPenalCode

E. Arrest,SearchandSeizures
1. WarrantofArrest
a. Requisites
b. Enforcement–Rule113,sec.7
c. LawfulWarrantlessArrest –Rule113,sec.5
2. SearchWarrant–Rule126
a. Requisites
b. Enforcement–Sections7-13
c. LawfulWarrantlessSearch
d. RulesonCybercrimeWarrants–A.M.No.17-11-03
3. FruitofthePoisonousTree

F. Bail(Rule114);RecognizanceActof2012(R.A.No.10389)

G. RightsoftheAccused(Rule115)

H. Arraignment andPlea(Rule 116)

I. MotiontoQuashInformation(Rule117)
1. Grounds–Sections3and9
2. DoubleJeopardy–Section7
3. ProvisionalDismissal–Section8

J. Pre-trial(Rule118)

K. Trial(Rule119)
1. RevisedGuidelinesonContinuousTrial–A.M.No.15-06-10-SC
2. OrderofTrial

L. Judgment(Rule120)

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 M. NewTrialorReconsideration(Rule121)

N. Appeal(Rule122)

O. ProvisionalRemedies(Rule 127)

VII. EVIDENCE(A.M.No.19-08-15-SC)

A. KeyConcepts
1. FactumProbandumvs.FactumProbans
2. Proofvs.Evidence
3. Burdenof Proof vs.Burden of Evidence
4. WeightandSufficiencyofEvidence–Rule133
5. Admissibility;RelevanceandCompetence–Rule128
6. JudicialNotice;MandatoryandDiscretionary–Rule129,secs.1-3
7. JudicialAdmission–Rule129,sec.4
8. Presumptions–Rule131

B. Kinds
1. ObjectEvidence–Rule130,A

2. DocumentaryEvidence–Rule130,B
a. OriginalDocumentRule
b. Secondary Evidence
c. ParolEvidence

3. TestimonialEvidence–Rule130,C
a. QualificationsandDisqualificationsofWitnesses–Sections21-24
b. TestimonialPrivilege–Sections25-26
c. AdmissionsandConfessions–Sections27-34
d. PreviousConductasEvidence–Sections35-36
e. Hearsay;Exceptions–Sections37-50
f. Opinion –Sections51-53
g. CharacterEvidence– Section 54

C. PresentationofEvidence(Rule132)
1. ExaminationofWitnesses–Sections1-18
2. ChildWitnessRule–A.M.No.00-4-07-SC,secs.4,6,8,20and28
3. AuthenticationandProof; PublicandPrivateDocuments –Sections19-33
4. Apostille–Section24
5. OfferandObjection;TenderofExcludedEvidence–Sections34-40

D. JudicialAffidavitRule(A.M.No.12-8-8-SC)

E. RulesonElectronicEvidence(A.M.No.01-7-01-SC)

F. RulesontheUseofBody-WornCameraintheExecutionofWarrants(A.M.

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 No.21-06-08-SC)

VIII. LEGALANDJUDICIALETHICSWITHPRACTICALEXERCISES

A. BasicConceptsonAdmissionto Practice
1. Supreme Court’s Administrative Supervision and Control over
MembersofthePhilippineBar–1987CONST. art.VIII,sec.5(5)
2. RequisitesforAdmissiontothePracticeofLaw
3. TheRevisedLawyer’sOath

B. CodeofProfessionalResponsibilityandAccountability(A.M.No.22-09-01- SC)
1. Canon1–Independence;Merit-BasedPractice–Section2

2. Canon2–Propriety
a. Proper Conduct; DignifiedConduct–Sections1and2
b. UseofDignified,Gender-Fair,andChild-andCulturally-
SensitiveLanguage–Section4
c. Dutytocorrectfalseorinaccuratestatementsandinformation
madeinrelationtoanapplicationforadmissiontothebar–
Section11
d. Dutytoreportdishonest,deceitful,ormisleadingconduct–
Section12
e. Dutytodiscloserelationshiporconnection–Section20
f. Duty not to mislead the court, tribunal or other government
agency on the existence or content of any document, argument,
evidence,law,orotherlegalauthority,orpassoffasone’sownthe ideas
or words of another – Section 8
g. Dutynottosolicitoradvertiseone’slegalservice–Section17
h. Duty not to use any forum ormedium tocomment or
publicizeopinionpertainingtoapendingproceeding–Sub-
JudiceRule;
Section19
i. Dutynottogivegiftsanddonationstoanycourt,tribunalorother
government agency – Section 21
j. Dutynottoinstitutemultiplecases;ForumShopping–Section23
k. Duty not toencroach or interfere in anotherlawyer’sengagement –
Section 24
l. ResponsibleUseofSocialMedia

3. CanonIII–Fidelity
a. DefinitionofthePracticeofLaw–Section1
b. DefinitionofLawyer-ClientRelationship–Section 3
c. Conflictofinterest–Sections13-22
d. LimitedLegalServices–Sections35-40
e. ResponsibilityofaSoloPractitioner–CanonII,sec.25
f. ResponsibilityofaLawFirm–CanonII,sec.26
g. ResponsibilityofaGovernmentLawyerandthoseinthe Prosecution
Service – Canon II, secs.28-29

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 h. ResponsibilityofaParalegal–CanonII,secs.34-35
i. ResponsibilityofLawyersintheAcademe–CanonII,sec.32
j. ResponsibilityofLawfirms;SupervisoryandSupervisedLawyers
–CanonIII,secs.10-12
k. ResponsibilityofaLegalClinic–CanonIII,secs.39-40
l. Attorney’sFees–Section41
m. Attorney’sLien–Sections47,53and54
n. ProhibitiononLendingandBorrowing;Exceptions–Section52
o. Prohibition against Acquiring Interest in the Object of Litigation
or Transaction – Section 51; Civil Code, art. 1491
p. TerminationofEngagementbytheLawyer–Section53
q. TerminationofEngagementbytheClient–Section54
r. TerminationofEngagementuponDeath–Section55
s. AccountingandTurn-overofFundsandPropertiesupon
Termination of Engagement – Section 56

4. CanonIV–CompetenceandDiligence
a. Duty to provide competent, efficient, and conscientious legal
service – Section 1
b. Duty to diligently and seasonably act on any legal matter
entrusted by the client – Sections 3-6
c. Dutytoengageinlifelonglearning–Section8

5. CanonV–Equality
a. Dutytomakerepresentationonthebasisofnon-discrimination
–Section1
b. Duty to provide a higher standard of service to vulnerable
persons and indigents – Sections 2-3
c. Dutytoprovidethesamestandardofservice –Section4

6. CanonVI–Accountability
a. Howinstituted–Sections2and30
b. Proceedingsagainst agovernmentlawyer–Section6
c. Proceedingsagainstmembersofthejudiciary–Section2
d. Preventivesuspension–Section31
e. Quantumandburdenofproof–Section32
f. Executorynatureofthedecisionorresolution–Section43
g. Swornstatement afterserviceofsuspension–Sections45-46
h. JudicialClemency–Sections47-51
i. Prohibition against employment of disbarredor suspended
lawyer – Section 52

C. TheNewCodeofConductforthePhilippineJudiciary
1. Independence, Integrity, Impartiality, Propriety, Equality, and
Competence and Diligence
2. DisqualificationandInhibitionofJudicialOfficers–Rule137
3. DisciplineofMembers,Officials,EmployeesandPersonnelofthe Judiciary
under Rule 140, further amended by A.M. No. 21-08-09-SC

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 D. Practical Exercises
1. JudicialAffidavit
2. SpecialPowerofAttorney
3. PetitionforCorrectionofEntriesintheCivilRegistry
4. ExtrajudicialSettlement
5. PetitionforIssuanceofWritofHabeasCorpus
6. PetitionforEnforcementofForeignJudgment
7. MotionforExecutionofJudgment

NOTE: All Bar candidates should be guided that only laws, rules, issuances, and
jurisprudencepertinenttothetopicsinthissyllabusasof June30,2023arewithinthe
coverage of the 2024 Bar Examinations.

-NOTHINGFOLLOWS-

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