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TESTS OF DISTINCTION
1
(iii)C6H5OH +blue litmus 🡪 Red
2,4 -DNP hydrazine Test Both of them give orange or yellow ppt. with 2,4-DNP.
Tollen’s test – All aldehydes reduce Tollens Reagent (Ammoniacal silver nitrate
solution) to give silver mirror.
Note: This test is given by both aliphatic &aromatic aldehydes , but not by ketones.
Formic Acid is the only carboxylic acid that reduces Tollens reagent to give
silver mirror and fehlings Reagent to give red ppt.
2
a)Primary amines give N-alkylbenzene sulphonamide which is soluble in alkali
R-NH2 + ArSO2Cl 🡪 RNH-SO2Ar + KOH 🡪 soluble product in alkali
b) Secondary amines give N,N-alkylbenzenesulphonamide which is insoluble in alkali
R2NH + ArSO2Cl 🡪 R2N-SO2Ar + KOH 🡪 insoluble product in alkali.
c) Tertiary amines do not react at all.
R3N+ ArSO2Cl 🡪No reaction
ii. CARBYLAMINE TEST or ISOCYANIDE TEST- is given by only primary
amines. Both aromatic and aliphatic primary amines when warmed with
chloroform and alcoholic KOH produce foul smelling isocyanides or
carbylamines
(foul smelling)
PRACTICE QUESTIONS