HARBEST AGRIBUSINESS CORPORATION

No. 5 Rosemarie Lane, flarangay Kapiiolyo, Pasig City, Metro Maaiia

Tel No, 671-7411 to 14
PLANTING GUIDE, COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS
PER lOOO SQ. METER
crop Radish B. Celery C.Kah Spinach Mustard Petchay Lettuce f(anokc Cabbage Broccoli Cauliflo Upo Pa tola Sltao
Onion ina wer
from sowing to xplanting direct 3 0- 25-30 12- 25-30 12- 12- 12- direct J8-30 X5-2Q is-20 7-10 T-10 direc
45-50 35days
50-55 days
50-55 15days
4G- days
4045 15days
3Q- lsdays
30-35 lSday.
30- 30-35 day? days
55-60 days
50- days
. 45- days t
354QDA
maturity period DAS days days 450AT days 35DAT DAT 35DAT " PAS 5560 PAT DAT 55DAT 50DAT 45-50DAT T
total size of area 20m 20m x 20x50 20m x 20m x ’20x50m 20x60m n,
20x50m ' ’ 20mx50m 20x50 20mx50m 20 x 50 m 20 x
xfiOm 5Qm m 50m 50m 2Qx50(n 20mx50m m 50m
area linear meter of bed 650m 650m 650m 650m • 650 650n . 650m 650m , 650m 650 650m 650m 330m 400 m 650m
m' i m
no. of bed 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 '13 6 6 13
size of bed 1x0.5x50 ix0.5x$0 1x0.5x50 1x0.5x50 1x0.5x50 1x0.5x50 1x0.5x50 lxQ.6x50 1x0.5x5 1x0.5x50 1xfl.5x5Q 1x0.5x50 6x0.5x50 6.0x0.5x5 1x0.5x50
m m m m m m m m 0m m m m m 0m m
planting 20cmx25 15cmx20 20cmx25c 20cmx25 20omx2 20cm.x20 I5q<nx2 2Qcmx2 16omx2 45cmx45 45omx 45omx45 1mx6m 1mx6 70cmx80
distance cm cm m cm 5cm om 0cm 5cm 0cm cm- 45om cm m cm
plant popJbed 1000 1500 800 800 100 1000 1333 800 1333 220 ’ * -220 220 50 50 142
0
total population 13000 I9500pla 10400 I0400p| 13000pl 13000 l95QGpl 10400p| 17290pi 28O0plan 2800plani 2800plan 300 300 1650pla
plants nts plants ants anls plan(6 ants ants ants ts s t6 plants plants nt6

17pkxi0 5 pk 1 8pkx! 18 3 4 2 1 pk x t 2pkx 2 IpksrtOg 5pk x 10 6pkx10g 4pk

seed seed quantity gm xlOgm' pkxlQgm 0gm pkxlOg pkxlOgm pkxlOg pkxlOgm ko 10gm pkxlOgm m gm m x100gm
no. of seedy pack 820 4500 12500 1600 800 7600 7142 1QGQ0 210 1780 2000 4000 70 80 620
00
seed rats 170gm 50 gm 10gm 80 gm 180 30 gm 40 gm 20 gm 1 20 gm 20 gm 10gm 50gm 60 gm 400 gm
gm ko
germination rate 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 90 80% 75% 85% '85% 85% 85%
%
price per pack P1Q0 P70 P50 P110 P130 P50 P80 P140 P89 P220 P260 P70 P220.00 P550.00 P 190.00
0
total amount P1.700 P280 P50 P880 P1.30 P15Q P320 P280 P89 P440 P520 P70 P1.1Q0.Q P3.300.00 P760.00
0 0 Q

Note: 100
seedling tray Sowing- . broadcast method by using lmxlm seedbed pcs xxx 28 pcs 28 pcs 28 pcs 7 pcs 10 pcs xxx
45/pc size (no.of hole) 104 xxx 104 104 104 50 50 xxx
300/ growall medium 5aao xxx 2 2saok 2 1/2 sack 1/2 xxx
sack ke sacks s sacks sack
2 2 2
i.800/n mulching film 2 rolls 2 rolls 2 rolls 2 rolls rolls 2 rolls 2 rolls rolls rolls 2 rolls 2 roils 2 rolls 1retl . 1 roll 2 rolls
4.950/rl culture not XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX xxx xxx XXX xxx XXX' xxx xxx 1 roll 1 roll 2 rolls
P1.200.0 P1.200.0 P1.200.0 PI.200.0 >1.200.0 P1.2Q0.ti P1.200.0
Insecticldt/fung. 0 XXX 0 XXX P1.200.00 pi.2oaoo PI.200.00 P1.200.00 0 0. P6oaoo 0 pi,Soo.bo 0 P1.200,00 P1.200.00 0
300/pc frultfly XXX XXX xxx W xxx xxx XXX , xw 1po xxx 1 RO 1 po 1 pc
attractant

Input
30/bag chicken manure 20 20 bags 20 bags 20 bag6 20 bags 20 bags 20 20 bags 20 bags 20 20 bags 20 20 20 bags 20 bags
930/ begs bags bags bags bags
completef14-14-l4) 2 bag6 3 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2beee 2 bags 3 bags 3 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 3 bags
bag
930/ urea 46-0-0 1 bag iwa 1bags 1 bag 1 bag 1 baa 1 bays ibas 1 t»Q 1 bag 1 bag 1 bag 1bag 1bag \
bag bag
60/kg boron 2ko 2 kg. 2kg 2kg 2kg 2 kg 2ko 2kg 2kg 2kg 2 kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg
50/Hg magnesium 2 kg 2kg 2 kg 2kg 2kg 2K0 2kg 2 kg 2ko 2 kg 2kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 ko
'
60/bag calcium 2ha 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2 kb 2 kg 2 kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg
IbCVkg foliar fertilizer 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 ko '1 ko 1 to 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1kg 1kg 1 kg 1 kg
labor land prep no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of
days days days days days days days days days day6 days days days day6 days
Pt50/ 1st plowing 3 "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3* 3 3
day
qo- 1st harrowing 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3'‘ 3 3
do- 2nd hanowing 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
do- seeding 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1
do- bed making 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
do- manure application 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
do- fertilizer 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
application o
do- (eying out mulch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 .. 2
do- transplanting xxx 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 xxx 2\ 2 .2 2 '2 xxx
do- trellis preparation xxx xxx xxx xxx XXX xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 2 4
do- Irrigation 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 10 10 10 10 10 10
do- drenching fart 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
do- pest control 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2
do- harvesting ‘ 8 10 a 10 10 10 10 10 0 10 10 10 10 10 10

13000 19500pl 10400 10400 13000 13000 19500pl 10400pi 17290pl 2912ptan 2912plant 2912plan 300 300 1050pla
yield ^ plant population plants ants plants plants plants plants ants ants ants ta s ts plants plants nts
10% mortality Ii700pla 17550pl 9360p! 9369 11700 11700 17550pl 9360pta 15561pl 262Qplan 2620piant 2620pian 270 270 1665pla
nt5 ants ants plants plants plants ants nts ants ta s ts plants ptsnt6 nts
analysi
s
averagefruit/
plant 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 30 40
ave.welght In kg 0.4kg I50gm 125 gm 0.2kg 120 0.2 kg 0.2 kg 0.20 10 0.75k 0.5 ka 0.5 kg 2 ko 0.4 kg 25
’150 gm
120 kg
020 Qm
2x0.05 g
0.75 gm
yield/ plant 0.4 kg 125 gm 0.2kg 0.2 kg • 0.2 kg 0.5 kg 0.5 kg 20 ko. 12 kg 1 kg
gm gm kg kg kg
4680 2632 1170 1872 1404 2340 3510 1072 1556 1965 1310 1310 5400 1665
yield/ 1000 m 2 kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg 3240 kg
80% harvastabie 3744 2106 936 kg 1497 1123 1872 2808 1497 1244 1572 1048 1048 4320 2592 1332
kg kg kg kg kg kg kg ka kg kg kg kg kg ka
20% reject 936 kg 526 234 Kg 374 260 '468 702 374 311 393 kg 262 kg 262 kg 1060 648 Ig 333
kg' kg kg kg ko ko kq ka kg
farm gate price 9/Kg 20/ Kg 30/kg R30/kg 35/kg 14/kg 10/kg 35/kg 18/kg 20/kg _ 35/ko P35/Kg ? 8/ mg 2Q/kg
Kg

gross sales In 42.1 28.0 44.9 39,3 26.2 28.0 31,4 36.6 34,5 25.9 26.6
Tool Peso 33,696 20 60 10 05 08 80 52,395 22.392 40 . 36.68a 80 60 20 40
Inputs In Peso 17,730 17,8 16.5 17.5 18.0 16,8 16;8 21.400 16.620 19.7 20.54 20.0 18.4 20,0 20.8
net Income In 15.966 40
24,2 30
11,5 60
27,2 60
21.2 30
9,27 00
11.2 30,996 5,772 10
11.7 0
16.41 80
16,5 10
16,1 50
6.87 10
6.63
Peso 80 60 60 26 8 80 30 0 90 50 0 0
revised 6/7/05 Icy
HARBEST AGRIBUSINESS CORPORATION
No. S Rosemarie Lane, Barangay Kapitolyo, Pasig City, Metro Manila
Tel. No. 671-7411 to 14
PLANTING GUIDE, COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS
P E R 1 0 0 0 SQ. M E T E R
Sweet W. Seed Honey Ampalay Hoi Bell
crop corn melon less dew Squash a Cucumber Eggplant Tomato pepper pepper Okra Papaya
75-30 65-70 65-70 60-65 40-45 50*60
maturity period DAS DAT DAT DAT DAT 40-45 DAT 35-40 DAT DAT 55-60 DAT 55-60 DAT 55-60 DAT 40-45 DAT 6-7 MAT
20m x 20m x 20m x
total 5tae ot area 20nix50m 50m 20x50m 50m 50m 20x5Gm 20x 50m 20x5Qm 20x50m 20mx50m 20mxo0m 20x50m 20 X 50m
a tcS linear meter or oea XOi 300m 3Q0m 500m 3Q0in 300m 650m 650m 650m 650in 650m 650m 400m
2oiunrow
no or oea S 6 6 10 6 6 13 13 13 13 13 13 25
ox 6x 4x 5x 6x
sura or oea XXX omxoOm 6tnx50n 6x50m omx50m 6tnx5Gm lx 5x50m 1x 5x50m lx 5x50m 1 x 5x50m ix 5x50m i.xSxoOni lxix20m
30 x 30 0 8mx4 80cm
planting distance cm Un x 6 5m imx6 6m Om im x6m 1inx6m x80cn 5Qx70cm 50x 70cm 50* 70cm 50A 70cm 50x ?Qcm 2 omx 2m
piant pop tbea tooAurro* 60 50 62 50 50 125 142 142 142 142 142 a
4166 300 620 300 1600 1846 1846 1846
local popuiduon plants 300 plants plants plants plants 300 plants plants plants plants 1846 plants 1846 plants plants 200 trees
ipK x 4 7 2pKX
Scad Scca quantity 500g 2pkxiQgm 3xl0gni pKXlOgm pkxlUgm 7pkxl0gm 6pkx1Qgm IpkxiOgm lOgm 2pkx5gm 2pkxi0gm I8pxl0gm ipKxagm
no or seea/ pacK 4500 280 120 220 70 70 320 3000 1200 1500 1200 150 350
seeo rate oQOgm 20gm 30gm 4Ggm 70gm 70gm 60gm lOgm 2Qgm lOgm 20gm I80gm 5 gm
gennmauon rate 35% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85%
pnce per pacK 980.00 480 00 1.140.00 1.430.00 230.00 600.00 220.00 250.00 150 00 550 00 830.00 80 00 1 750 00
1.610
total amount 930.00 960.00 3.420.00 5.720.00 .00 4.200 00 1.320.00 250 00 300.00 1.100.00 1 660.00 1.140 00 1 750 00
seeming tray XXX 4 pCS 4 pcs 8 pcs 4 pcs 4 pcs 18 pcs 20 pcs 20 pcs 20 pcs 20 pcs 20 pcs 8 pcs
40-pC st2c (no o( note) XXX 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 35 botes
3G0/60L groweu medium XXX 16 itrs 16 itrs 32 Itrs 16 Itrs 16 Itrs 80 Itrs 40 Itrs 90 Itrs 90 Itrs 90 Itrs 90 krs 60 liters
I 500,n mulching film XXX 1 rt in 2rt in m 2 rt 2rt 2 rl 2 rl 2 rt 2d in
49oG,n culture net xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx m 2 rt xxx xxx 1 fl m xxx xxx
P P
insecncioetfung Pi 200 00 P 1.200 00 Pi.200.00 1.200.00 P 1,200.00 P1.200.00 P 1.500.00 1.000.00 P1.200 00 P 1.200.00 Pi.200.00 P8QQ.Q0 P 3000.00
300,pc irumiy anractam XOt 1 pc 1 pc ipe 1 pc 1 pc 1pc 1pc 1pc ipe ipe xxx 4 pc
input
20 20 20 20 20
3G<Dag erne Ken manure 20 oags Dags Dags bags bags 20 bags 20 bags bags 20 Dags 20 bags 20 Dags 20 Dags 20 Dags
930tt 2
WQ complete; 14-14-14) 2 Dags 2 Dags Dags 2 Dags 2 Dags 2 Dags 2 Dags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 2 bags 3 bags 2 Dags
930,bag urea 46-0-0 i oag 1 bag ibag 1 Dag 1 bag 1 Dag 1 bag 1 Dag 1 bag 1 bag 1 Dag 1 Dag 1 bag
930, bag M Potash 0-0-60 i oag i bag ioag i Dag xxx XXX xxx xxx xxx xxx XXX xxx i bag
60,Kg ooron 2 kg 2 kg 2Kg 2 Kg 2 Kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 Kg 2 kg 2 Kg 800 gms
50. Kg magnesium 2 kg 2 kg 2kg 2 kg 2 Kg 2 kg 2 Kg 2 Kg 2kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 800 gms
oOtKg calcium 2 kg 2 Kg 2kg 2 kg 2 Kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 800 gms
150,Kg (oiar femiRcr i Kg 1 kg i Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 Kg 1 kg 1 Kg 1 Kg *. 1 kg 1 Kg
no or no or no. of no. of no. of no. of no. of
laBor land prep days days days days days no of days no. of days days days no. of days no of days no. of days no. of days
P150/aay istpto-rttng 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
00- 1st narroviing 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
ao- 2nd narrowing 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
QO* seeding 2 2 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ao- oed maxing 4(furrows) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4
ao- manure eppucauon i 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ao- o o 0 o
icrDii2er appficaDon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ao- • laying out muicn xxx 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ao- transpianung xxx 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
do- trees preparation xxx xxx xxx xxx XXX 10 10 5 10 5 5 XXX xxx
ao- irrigation xxx 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 2
do- pruning ! (running 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
ac- orenenmg ten xxx 2 2 4 4 4 *4 4 4 4 4 4 2
ao* past contra 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
ao- iruii setecuon o 2 o 4 4 4 XXX xxx XXX XXX XXX XXX 2
ao- narvesung a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
4.166 300 620 300 1600 1846 1846 1846
yield plant population plants 300 plants plants prams plants 300 plants plants plants plants 1846 plants 1846 plants plants 200 trees
3.750 270 558 270 1280 1660 1660
10% mortality plants 270 plants plants plants plants 270 plants plants plants planis 1660 plants 1660 plants 1660 plants 180 trees
analysis averagefruit/plam 1.5 2 2 2 10 18 20 15 25 100 12 80 50
ave weight in kg 250gm 6 kg 7 kg 175 Kg 1.5 kg 4Q0gm I75gm 200gm lOOgm 25gm 20Qgm 10gm 1 S kg
yield/ plant 0 375kg 12 kg 14 kg 3 5 kg 15 kg 7 2kg 3.5 kg 3 kg 2.5 kg 2.5 kg 2 5 kg 0.800 kg 90 kg
yield/ lQC0m2 i -406 kg 3.240kg 3.780kg 1963 kg 4.050 kg 1.944 kg 4480 kg 4980 kg 4150 kg 4150 kg 4150 kg 1328 kg 16200 kg
2.592 1296Q kg
SO0* haf'/SSBOIc 1 125 Kg 3.024 Kg 1562 kg 3,280 kg 1.555kg 3584 kg 3984 kg 3320 kg 3320 kg 3320 kg 1062 kg
Kg
208c, reject 231 kg 648 kg 756 kg 390 kg 810 kg 389 kg 896 kg 996 kg 830 kg 830 kg 830 kg 265 kg 3240 kg
farm gate price P2Q/kg P15/ kg P2fl/kg P25fkg P1Q/ kg P25fkg P20(kg P10/kg P15Jkg P20/kg P25kg P20Jkg P 12/kg

Total gross sales in Peso 22.500 38.880 60.480 39.050 32.800 . 38.875 71.680 39.840 49,800 81.060 83,000 21.240 155,520
inputs m Peso 11 640 17 600 19.910 25.190 18.070 27.110 31,610 19.280 20.530 21 450 20.400 21 196
22.010
net income in Peso 40,570 13,860 14,730 11,765 40,070 20,560 29,370 59,610 60,990 840 | 134.324
10.860 21.280
rcvtstfi/ 6f ?, 05 icy
d(y~lMZ
A
Introduction Ideally, tomato requires a relatively cool, dry 1 gal of water. Alternatively, foliar fertilizers can be
climate for optimum yield and quality, but it can also used following recommended rates.
Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill.), locally adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.
known as kamatis, is a herbaceous plant belonging to The optimum temperature range for proper growth Harden the seedlings one week before
the Solanaceae or Nightshade family. Growth habit and development is 21 °-24°C while fruit set is transplanting by gradually reducing the amount and
ranges from strongly determinate (bush type) to enhanced below 21 °C. Tomato grows best in sandy frequency of watering until the seedlings exhibit
indeterminate types bearing fruits of different shapes loam to clay loam soils with a pH of 6.0-6.5. temporary wilting.
and sizes.
Land Preparation
Seedbed Preparation
Uses and Nutritional Value Plow the field at least one month before the
Prepare seedbeds 50 cm in width at any scheduled date of transplanting. Plowing and
Tomatoes are consumed fresh in salads and as convenient length in an area fully exposed to harrowing can be done at one-week intervals to allow
flavouring ingredient in soups and meat or fish sunlight. Pulverize soil thoroughly and add well- weed seeds to germinate between passings. For
dishes. Various processed forms include pastes, decomposed compost or animal manure at the rate of determinate to semi-indeterminate types of tomato,
sauces, purees, juices and ketchup. about 1-2 kg/m2. To minimize or prevent damping- make furrows 0.75 cm -1.0 m in width. For
Each 100 g of edible fruit contains: off disease and insect pest damage, sterilize the soil indeterminate types, prepare furrows at a spacing of
Nutrient Amount by burning rice hull or rice straw on top of the 1.5 m between furrows. If the soil is less ideal for
seedbed for 4- 5 hours. Alternatively, drench with a tomato, apply a handful (about 500 g) of animal
Edible portion 95.0 % combination of fungicide and insecticide following manure or other composted material per hill.
Moisture 94.1 % the manufacturer's recommended rates.
Transplanting
Food energy 19.0 cal
Protein 1-0 g Seedling Establishment Transplant the most vigorous, stocky and
Fat 0.2 g
Water the seedbed thoroughly before sowing. disease-free transplants with 3-5 true leaves. Plant 1-
Total carbohydrates 4.1 g
Prepare horizontal rows spaced 5 cm apart. Sow 50- 2 seedlings/hill at a spacing of 40 cm between hills.
Fiber 0.8 g
100 seeds/row and cover the seeds thinly with fine To minimize transplanting shock, transplant the
Ash 0.6 g
soil. A hectare requires 150-200 g seeds. Cover the seedlings late in the afternoon. Press the soil firmly
Calcium > 18.0 mg
seedbed with a thin layer of rice straw mulch to around the root. Irrigate or water the plants lightly
Phosphorus 18.0 mg
minimize water loss. Water the seedbed daily or immediately after transplanting. Replant missing
Iron 0.8 mg
when necessary. Seedlings will germinate 3-6 days hills immediately.
Sodium 4.0 mg
Potassium 266.0 mg after sowing depending on the soil temperature. Fertilization
Riboflavin 0.04 mg Thin 3-5 days after germination to allow more
Niacin 0.60 mg space between seedlings. Apply starter solution 10 One to two days before transplanting, apply 1
Ascorbic Acid 29.00 mg days after germination by dissolving 1 tbsp (10 g) of tbsp (10 g) per hill complete fertilizer (14-14-14).
ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) or complete Mix thoroughly with the soil. The first side-dressing
Production Management fertilizer (14-14-14) in can be done 30 days after transplanting by mixing
two parts urea (46-0-0) and one part muriate of
potash (0-0-60). Apply 1 tbsp (10 g) per hill of this
Varieties mixture 6-8 cm away from the base of the seedlings
Variety Shape Weight (g) Remarks in bands. Side-dress using the same mixture and rate
two weeks later.
Marikit semi- 60-90 Tolerant to bacterial wilt and Water Management
(UPL-Tm1) flattened moderately resistant to
mosaic virus
Highly prolific, resistant to
Maigaya semi- 15-40
(UPL-Tm6) plum bacterial wilt and moderately
resistant to foliage diseases
Prepared by: College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Banos
College 4031 Laguna
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536-
2697 Fax No. (049) 536-3438
Editorial/Production Staff:
Josefina L. Acedera
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD
Ma. Gracia N. Payawal
Nelia B. Laroza
Elisa G. Cleto s
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD Ruel
S. Pagcaliwagan Editor, ACD-PCARRD
Simeon R. Manahan, Jr.
Layout Artist, ACD-PCARRD
For more information, please contact:

The Executive Director

PCARRD, Los Banos 4030 Laguna

Dr. Josefina O. Narciso Dr. Conrado H.

Balatero
University Researchers
Vegetable Crops Division
Institute of Plant Breeding
Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536-0017 to 20; 536-
0024 Fax Nos. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 Email:
pcarrd@ultra.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph

Ideally, tomato requires a relatively cool, dry
climate for optimum yield and quality, but it can also
adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.
The optimum temperature range for proper growth
and development is 21°-24°C while fruit set is
enhanced below 21°C. Tomato grows best in sandy
loam to clay loam soils with a pH of 6.0-6.5.
Seedbed Preparation
Prepare seedbeds 50 cm in width at any
convenient length in an area fully exposed to
sunlight. Pulverize soil thoroughly and add well-
decomposed compost or animal manure at the rate of
about 1-2 kg/m2. To minimize or prevent damping-
off disease and insect pest damage, sterilize the soil
by burning rice hull or rice straw on top of the
seedbed for 4- 5 hours. Alternatively, drench with a
combination of fungicide and insecticide following
the manufacturer's recommended rates.
Seedling Establishment
Water the seedbed thoroughly before sowing.
Prepare horizontal rows spaced 5 cm apart. Sow 50-
100 seeds/row and cover the seeds thinly with fine
soil. A hectare requires 150-200 g seeds. Cover the
seedbed with a thin layer of rice straw mulch to
minimize water loss. Water the seedbed daily or
when necessary. Seedlings will germinate 3-6 days
after sowing depending on the soil temperature.
Thin 3-5 days after germination to allow more
space between seedlings. Apply starter solution 10
days after germination by dissolving 1 tbsp (10 g) of
ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) or complete
fertilizer (14-14-14) in
1 gal of water. Alternatively, foliar fertilizers can be
used following recommended rates.
Harden the seedlings one week before
transplanting by gradually reducing the amount and
frequency of watering until the seedlings exhibit
temporary wilting.
Land Preparation
Plow the field at least one month before the
scheduled date of transplanting. Plowing and
harrowing can be done at one-week intervals to allow
weed seeds to germinate between passings. For
determinate to semi-indeterminate types of tomato,
make furrows 0.75 cm -1.0 m in width. For
indeterminate types, prepare furrows at a spacing of
1.5 m between furrows. If the soil is less ideal for
tomato, apply a handful (about 500 g) of animal
manure or other composted material per hill.
Transplanting
Transplant the most vigorous, stocky and
disease-free transplants with 3-5 true leaves. Plant 1-
2 seedlings/hill at a spacing of 40 cm between hills.
To minimize transplanting shock, transplant the
seedlings late in the afternoon. Press the soil firmly
around the root. Irrigate or water the plants lightly
immediately after transplanting. Replant missing
hills immediately.
Fertilization
One to two days before transplanting, apply 1
tbsp (10 g) per hill complete fertilizer (14-14-14).
Mix thoroughly with the soil. The first side-dressing
can be done 30 days after transplanting by mixing
two parts urea (46-0-0) and one part muriate of
potash (0-0-60). Apply 1 tbsp (10 g) per hill of this
mixture 6-8 cm away from the base ofthe seedlings
in bands. Side-dress using the same mixture and rate
two weeks later.
Water Management
0
Mulching
For rainfed areas, use rice straw mulch when
growing tomatoes during the regular, dry season
period. Mulching conserves moisture and suppresses
weed growth. For large plantations, the use of black
plastic mulch is highly recommended.
TrelUsing
Bamboo or ipil-ipil can be used as trellis posts,
while synthetic straw and nylon can be used in tying
and vine training. The use of trellis reduces losses
due to rotting of fruits especially during wet season
and facilitates harvesting.
Pest and Disease Management
The most common insect pests and diseases
attacking tomato can be easily controlled by
pesticides. However, if organically-grown tomatoes
are desired, use biological agents such as Trichogramma
chilonis, an egg parasitoid of fruitworm and other
botanical pesticides for pest and disease control.
Practice hilling-up to minimize weed growth.
Harvesting
Harvest tomato fruits at mature green or breaker
stage preferably early in the morning. Place the fruits
in bamboo crates (kaing) lined with banana leaves or
used newspaper to prevent mechanical damage.
Avoid over- and under-packing. Remove bruised
and damaged fruits and pack fruits with similar
maturity stage in one container. Separate ripe fruits
since these produce ethylene that could hasten the
ripening process of unripe fruits.
References:
Food Composition Table. 1964. Food and Nutrition
Research Center-Handbook No. 1. Manila.
Siemonsma, J.S. and Piluek, K. (Editors).1994.
PROSEA Handbook No. 8. Vegetables. Pudoc,
Wageningen. 1993/ PROSEA, Bogor.
Local Name Production Management Cultural Management
 sitao (Tagalog)
sitao (Bisaya)
utong (llocano)
latuy
(Marinduque)
Scientific Name Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. group
Ses quipedalis
Brief Description
Pole sitao is a climbing herbaceous crop raised
basically for its pods, although shoots and young
leaves are also edible. Pods are slender, 30-60
endlong and somewhat inflated with many seeds
whose color depends on the variety.
Uses and Nutritional Value
The succulent young pods, which have a- high
nutritional value, can be sauteed alone or cooked
along with other vegetables. The nutritional
composition per 100 g of the pod is shown below:
Nutrient Amount
CSL-19- is an early maturing variety, which flowers
37 to 43 days after planting. Pods are light green, crisp,
smooth textured, and non-fibrous with good eating
quality. CSL-19 is moderately resistant to black bean
aphids and bean fly. Other light-green-podded varieties
are CSL-14, CSL-15, CSL- 16, PS 3, and PS 1.
83-002 - is a variety with dark green leaves, which
flowers 39 to 48 days after planting. It is moderately
resistant to bean fly and pod borer and has a high level
of resistance to fusarium wilt. Pods are dark green with
purple tips, crisp, non-fibrous, and with good eating
quality. Seed coat is very thick. Other dark-green-
podded varieties are Sandigan, CSD- 4, 87-005, Acc
228, CSD-36 and 89-020.
Climatic and Soil Requirements
Pole sitao is well adapted to the lowland tropics
with a temperature range of 20-35°C. It grows best
under full sunlight although it can also tolerate partial
shading.
Adequate supply of water and a rich, friable, fertile
soil promotes healthy growth and good quality pods.
Pre-germinate or directly sow seeds in pots or
drill 2.5 to 3.5 cm deep in the plots with a distance
of 30 cm. Construct trellis/stakes, 200-250 m long
to support rfhe vines after the seedlings have fully
developed. Boxes, plastic twines, abaca twines or
wire will also help support the climbing habit of
the crop.
Apply organic waste to enhance crop vigor and
yield. Mulch the crop with grass clippings and
kitchen waste.
To minimize pest occurrence and damage,
plant marigold and holy basil (solasi) in borders as
insect repellant. Spread grated coconut waste over
the plant to invite ants, which feed on worms.
Spray hot pepper extract with soap against aphids
and podborers.
Harvesting
Pick young pods six to seven weeks |fter
planting or when seeds become visible on the
outline of the pod. Fresh pods left in the field
becomes tough and dissolved. Seeds become

Water 89.0 g
Protein 3.0 g
Fat 0.5 g
Carbohydrates 5.2 g
Fiber 1-3 g
Calcium 64.0 mg
Phosphorous 54.0 mg
Iron 1.3 mg
Vitamin A 167.0 IU
Vitamin B1 0.07
Vitamin C mgmg
28.0

Varieties
Local Name Production Management Cultural Management
swollen, which reduces yielding capacity.
Harvest every 2-3 days.
For marketing, 20-40 pods may be bundled.
Store in a cool (8°C), dry place up to four
weeks.
V. Other Management
• Pepper is a shallow-rooted crop; therefore it is not drought resistant.
It is more sensitive to water stress during fruiting period. When the
weather is hot at day, flowers and fruits drop easily. Drainage should
be carried out during rainy season to prevent root damage.
• Pepper plants fell easily to the ground due to the weight of fruits.
This can be prevented with the use of trellis net or stakes to support
the plant.
• Plastic mulch is also important to minimize weeding and pests that
carry viruses. It also prevents soil erosion during rainy season. It also
keeps the soil moist during dry season and avoid sudden rise in
temperature in hot season.
• It is necessary to remove side shoots below the first branching of the
main stem to promote fruit-setting.
• Cultivation and weeding should be carried out before the first and
second side dressing. Apply soil to cover the side-dressed fertilizer
on the shoulders of the bed to facilitate the growth of roots and
increase the absorption of nutrients.
VI. Pest and Disease Control

HARBEST AGRIBUSINESS CORPORATION

No. 5 Rosemarie Lane, Brgy. Kapitolyo, Pasig City
Tel. No. 6717411 to 14 Fax No. (02) 6712232
email: harbest@harbest.com
 PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) HOT PEPPER
III. Seedling care and Preparation
I. Climatic and Soil Requirements
In order to improve the germination and to minimize seed cost, seedling nursing
Pepper is a warm and dry season crop. It germinates best at temperatures ranging
should be done in pepper. Prepare Agri + Plas seedling tray # 104 with Growell medium and
from 20°C to 30°C and grows best at around 25°C. Average daily temperature of 20°C to 25°C Is
spray with water to Keep the medium moist. Sow one seed per hole, cover and water it
good for setting fruits. The fruits of sweet pepper are subject to sunscald in high temperature
immediately. Make sure that the seeds are not buried too deep. The seeded seedling tray
and strong sunshine. The weather should not be too hot when setting fruits. Plants are most
should be placed on top of bamboo slats about 2 feet above the ground. Moderately spray
susceptible to bacterial wilt and soil rot during rainy
the seedlings twice a day with water to keep the medium moist. Do not water the seedlings
season and will be seriously injured by typhoon.
Pepper grows best on deep loam soil that is fertile and irrigated, has late in the afternoon. After 25-28 days, transplant the seedlings to the field.

adequate drainage and receives plenty of sunshine. The best soil for pepper is around pH 6.5. IV. Land Preparatlon/Fertlllzers
Plow and clean the whole planting area and make flat beds on sandy soil and high
Pepper should not be grown on the same soil year after year because of disease problems. It is beds in sandy loam soil. The transplanting bed should be applied with the following fertilizer
best to rotate with rice, legumes, sugarcane and com. per 20 linear meter length of plot:
1 bag Chicken manure 150 g Borax
II. Varieties Developed by Known-You Seed Co. of Taiwan
4 kilos complete fertilizer (14-14-14) 150 g Magnesium
SWEET PEPPER 1 kilo Urea (46-0-0) 150 g Calcium nitrate
150 g Nematicide
Drenching schedule
1st application: 3 tbsp Urea per 16 L water, applied to the young plants 7-10 DAT
2nd application: should be applied one week after first drenching with same dosage
Side Dressing Schedule
1st application: apply complete (14-14-14) on canals one week after harvest Weekly
application is highly recommended during harvest period

Days from Fru

Cultlvar Plant
transplant
Cleopatr Mediu
60 m 7
a
spreadi
mediu
Passion 110 m

Mediu
Hero 110 m
tall
Mediu
KY m
Sinigan 55 tall, 1
g slightly
spreadi
ng
Zesy 90 erect

Beauty spreadi
85
Zest ng

Fruit
 Master copy
Not for sale
Please see in-charge for
photoc
Prepared by: Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare Information Bulletin No. 161/2000

Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang Ms. Marisa B.

Miranda
University Researchers
Vegetable Crops Division
Institute of Plant Breeding
College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Banos
Col lege 4031 Laguna
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304;
536-2697 Fax No. (049) 536-3438
Editorial/Production Staff:
Josefina L. Acedera
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD
Ma. Gracia N. Payawal
Nelia B. Laroza
Elisa G. Cleto
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD
Ruel S. Pagcaliwagan Editor, ACD-
PCARRD Simeon R. Manahan, Jr.
Layout Artist, ACD-PCARRD
For more information, please contact:

The Executive Director

PCARRD, Los Banos 4030 Laguna
Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536-001 7 to 20; 536-
0024 Fax Nos. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 Email:
pcarrd@ultra.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph

PHILIPPINE
COUNCIL
FOR
Introduction AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND NATURAL Production Management Pest and Disease Management
RESOURCES RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT Department of Science
and Technology

Accession No. 0039

 Pechay (Brassica rapa L. cv group Pak Choi) is an Varieties Damping-off, soft rot and clubroot are the most
erect, biennial herb, cultivated as an annual about important diseases of pechay, while diamondback
15-30 cm tall in vegetative state. Ovate leaves are Black Behi Hari Digma moth and aphids are the major insect pests. These
arranged spirally and spreading. The petioles are Shin Kang Genghis Khan pests can be controlled by spraying hot pepper
Shanghai No. 2 extract. When seedlings
enlarged
Prepared and
by: grow upright forming a subcylindrical Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare Informationbegin
BulletintoNo.
wilt, reduce
161/2000
bundle. Inflorescence is a raceme with pale yellow watering immediately. Uproot and burn disease-
Climatic and Soil Requirements
flowers. Seeds are 1 mm in diameter and are infected plants to prevent spread of diseases.
reddish to blackish brown in color. Cultivation is also necessary to minimize weeds.
Uses and Nutritional Value Harvesting

Pechay is used mainly for its immature, but A 1-ha production area requires 3 kg seeds. Reference
fully expanded tender leaves. The succulent
petioles are often the preferred part. It is used as Pechay can either be sown directly in soil or Siemonsma, J.S. and Piluek, K. (Editors).1994.
main ingredientfor soup and stir-fried dishes. In transplanted. Direct seeding is carried out by PROSEA Handbook No. 8. Vegetables. Pudoc,
Chinese cuisine, its green petioles and leaves are broadcasting or by sowing in rows. Cover seeds to a Wageningen. 1993/ PROSEA, Bogor.
also used as garnish. depth of about 1 cm by raking or spreading additional
Each 100 g fresh edible portion contains: top soil. Water immediately after sowing. Plant
Nutrient Amount spacing should be 10 cm between plants and 20 cm
between rows.
Water 93.0 g
If transplanted, sow seeds initially in seedbeds.
Protein 1-7g Transplant seedlings 2-3 weeks after sowing at a
Fat 0.2 g
distance of 10 cm between plants and 20 cm between
Carbohydrates 3-1 g rows. Transplant preferably in the afternoon and water
Fiber 0.7 g
immediately. Mulch with grass clippings or rice
Ash 0-8 g
straw.
B-carotene 2.3 mg Fertilization
Vitamin C 53.0 mg Apply seedlings with starter solution using urea (46-0-0) at the rate of
Calcium 102.0 mg 2 tbsp/gal of water. Side-dress along the rows at the rate of 1
Phosphorus 46.0 mg tbsp/plant one week after transplanting.
Iron 2.6 mg
Energy Value 86.0 kj

Harvest as early as three weeks after planting

Pechay can be grown from low to mid
elevations throughout the year. Production is
best, however, during the dry season in sandy
to clay loam soil, with a pH of 5.5-6.5.
Planting
or between 30-45 days after sowing. Harvest
preferably in the afternoon to minimize postharvest
losses.
Upon harvesting, wash the plants, trim old
leaves and remove roots. Grade according to size
and quality, and pack in strong rigid containers
with holes at the sides to allow aeration. Pack with
the base of the plant to the sides of the baskets.
Maintain turgidity by lining the basket with paper.
VI. Paraan ng pagpuksa ng peste
Mag bomba ng tamang pamatay-peste linggo-linggo 7 araw pagkalipat-
tanim banggang 2 buwan. Gawing 3 beses isang buwan ang pagbomba kapag ang
papaya ay namumulaldak na hanggang sa magtng bunga. Magbomba 2 beses kada
buwan ha bang panahon ng anihan.
a. Aphids Malathion, Selecron
b. Mites Sevin, Lannate
k. Nematode Furadan, Anti go, Fuerza
d. Anthracnose Beniate, Ridomil, Dithane M-45
e. Powdery Mildew Bentate, Ridomil, Dithane M-45
g. Phytophthom Fruit Rot Benlate, Ridomil, Dithane M-45
h. Papaya Ringspot Virus Malathion, Selecron
i. Army Worm Siga, Bida, Karate, Captan
Mga karaniwang peste ng papaya _______________Kontrot

Pumunta sa aming tanggapan upang sumangguni sa anting mga Technician

ng tamang pamamaraan at panahon ng paggarrrit ng mga pamatay- peste.
K. Gumawa ng kama na pagtataniman na may sukat na 1 m ang lapad at 20 m ang haba. Maglagay ng paupo o basal na pataba (organiko at inorganiko) sa bawat kama
ng pagtataniman katulad ng mga sumusunod:
I. Paghahanda ng punla D. Lagyan ng AGRI+PLAS plastic mulch (1.2m) ang kama bago taniman.
E. Butasan ang plastic mulch ng 2 metro ang distansya sa pamamagitan
A. Ibabad ang buto sa tubig ng 30 minuto. Ipunla ito sa AGRI+PLAS ng malaking lata ng mating na mainit.
seedling tray # 104. Pagkatapos ng 7-15 araw, sisibol na ang mag G. Hukayan ang lupa na aayon sa laki ng seedling bag o seedling tray na
binhi na ipinunla. pinagpunlaan at itanim ang punla ng Red Lady papaya.
B. Pagkalipas ng 25-30 araw, ilipat sa AGRI+PLAS seedling tray # 35 o sa H. Magbomba ng pamatay-peste 3 araw bago itanim ang punla sa
plastik seedling bag (4” x 6”). lupang taniman.
K. Gumamit ng tamang lupang punlaan o GROWELL MEDIUM upang
maging mataba at maganda ang punla.
D. Itanim ang binhi ng isa-isa bawat butas sa lalim na 1 -1.5cm. V. Dagdag na pagpapataba
E. Diligan ng dalawang beses sa isang araw (umaga at hapon) ang punla
A. Tunawin sa 16 na litrong tubig ang bawat dami ng abono na nasulat
ng katamtamang dami ng tubig. Siguraduhin na pino ang mga patak
sa chart.
ng tubig upang hindi matanggal ang mga buto sa pagkakatanim.
B. Pagkatapos matunaw, kumuha ng lata ng sardinas at gawin itong
G. Hintayin ang 45 hanggang 60 na araw ang pinakamatagal bago ito
takalan sa pagdidilig ng pataba (isang lata ng sardinas bawat puno
ilipat o itanim sa lupang inihanda para masigurado na malalaki na ito
ang dapat idilig).
at maresistensya.
K. Maghalo ng mga sumusunod:
H. Dapat laging naaarawan ang punla upang ito’y hindi lumaki o
1 k complete 0.5 k 0-0-60 100 g boron
tumangkad na payat.
100 g magnesium 100 g calcium nitrate
Ang pinaghalong pataba ay sapat para sa isang kama. Hatiin
II. Paghahanda ng bahay-punlaan ito at ilagay sa magkabilang gilid ng kama. Ito ay ginagawa kapag
mala pit ng mahinog ang papaya 2 beses kada buwan.
A. Gumawa ng bahay-punlaan na naaayon sa dami ng ipupunla gamit
ang kawayan o kahoy. Kailangang may taas na 1 hanggang 2
talampakan ang papag na patungan.
B. Lagyan ng atip ang bahay-punlaan, gumamit ng AGRI+PLAS clear
plastic upang makapasok ang sinag ng araw. Ito ay magsisilbing
panlaban sa malakas na buhos ng ulan.
K. Gumamit ng 32 mesh AGRI+PLAS fine net para sa dingding ng bahay-
punlaan upang hindi makapasok ang mga insekto.

III. Klima at klase ng lupang pagtataniman

A. Halos lahat ng lugar sa Pilipinas ay maaaring taniman ng papaya.

B. Ang tamang temperatura ay 25-32°C at kailangang hindi maasim ang
lupa (kailangang 6-6.5 yung tinatawag na pH).
K. Hindi binabaha o tinitigilan ng tubig ang lupang pagtataniman.
D. Mas maganda ang buhaghag at mabuhangin na lupa na tatataniman ng
papaya.

IV. Pagsasaayos ng lupang pagtataniman

A. Araruhin o bungkalin ang lupa ng 2 beses para masiguradong

buhaghag ito.
B. Sukating mabuti ang distansya o layo ng mga tanim. 2.5m x 2.0m
kada puno ang tamang agwat o layo.
 Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare
i Harvesting ITEMS AMOUNT (P)
I. VARIABLE COSTS 74,165
Fruits develop fast and require much attention at E A. Labor ( P150/MD)
harvest time. It usually takes 15 days for fruits to reach , 1.500
Plowing Harrowing (2x) 1,000
marketable stage from the day of fruit set. The fruits are i Bedding 1.500
better harvested using sharp knives to cut the peduncle L Manure application 1,000
approximately 5 cm long. Planting (2 MD) 300
Mulching with rice straw (8 MD) 1,200
' Reference Fertilization; basal (2 MD) and i2,100
side-dress (12 MD)
Food Composition Table. 1964. Food and Nutrition Irrigation (40 MD) 6,000
Research (Center-Handbook No. 1. Manila. Trellising (60 MD) 9,000
Vine training, pruning (30 MD) 4,500
Weeding (20 MD) 3,000
r
Prepared by: Spraying (30 MD) 4,500
Harvesting (50 MD) 7,500
1 Miscellaneous (20 MD) 3,000
Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang
Sub-total 46,100
University Researcher Vegetable B. Materials
Crops Division I Institute of Plant Seeds (2 kg) 1,450
Breeding ■ College of Agriculture Animal manure (5 t) 5,000
University of the Philippines Los Fertilizer
Banos 'College 4031 Laguna 14-14-14 (5 bags) 1,750
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536- 46-0-0 (8 bags) 3,040
2697 Fax No. (049) 536-3438 0-0-60 (2 bags) 1,200
Trellis
Production Assistants: J Posts (1,200 pcs); 2 uses 1,750
Gl wire (300 kg); 4 uses 2,625
Ms. Josefina L. Acedera Plastic twine (50 rolls) 1,250
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD Ms. Nelia B. Fuel and oil 5,000
Miscellaneous 5,000
Laroza Ms. Elisa G. Cleto
Sub-total 28,065
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD II. FIXED COSTS 18,063
Land Rental 5,000
For more information, please contact: Depreciation
5 pcs. scythe (2 yrs) 63
Dr. Crisanto R. Escano 5 pcs. hoe (3 yrs) 125 Accession No. 0025
Director and Scientist III Crops 3 pcs. shovel (3 yrs) 75
Research Division PCARRD, 2 knapsack sprayers (5 yrs) 800 PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY
Los Banos 4030 Laguna Interest on loans at 20% int. p.a. 12,000 AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH AND
Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536-0017 to 20; 536- TOTAL COSTS 92,228
DEVELOPMENT Department of Science and
0024 Fax No. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 GROSS INCOME* 100,000
Email :crescano@ultra.pea rrd.dost.gov.ph NET INCOME 7,772 Technology
J
With marketable yield of 20 t/ha at P5/kg
Master Copy
* '*■ for sale
e see in-charge for photocopying
Information Bulletin No. 153/1999
Local Name
upo (Tagalog)
tabungaw (llocano)
kalubay (Bisaya)
Scientific Name Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley Brief
Description
Bottle gourd is a herbaceous, annual climbing plant
with long, strong tendrils and simple leaves. Fruits are
globular, bottle-, or club-shape up to 1 m long, with
hard, durable rind. The most common types are light
green and dartTgreen with light green spots.
Uses and Nutritional Value
Young fruits are usually boiled or stewed and used
as vegetables. Young shoots are consumed as green
vegetables, while seeds are popular snack food. Syrup
from the green fruit is good for chest pHR The hard
shells of dried mature fruits are used as containers, hats,
decorative handicrafts, floats, and musical instruments.
The edible portion of immature fruit is about 84%. Each Fertilization
100 g edible portion contains:
Apply 20 g/hill of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) at
Varieties Tambuli 1042-1 planting. Side-dress 10 g/hill of urea (46-0-0) at early
vining stage (30 DAP). After 15 days, mix two parts
Planting urea and one part muriate of potash (0-0-60) and
apply as side-dress at 10 g/hill.
One hectare requires(2 kg seeds. Soak seeds in water
for 24 hours and wrap in moist cloth until the seed coat Trellising
breaks. Sow seeds by drilling2 seeds per hill, tover with a
thin layer of soil. _____ Use trellis to protect the fruits from rotting and
A planting distance oi|l m between hills and 3-4 m malformation. Construct vertical and overhead trellis
between rows is recommended. The soil should bei light using ipil-ipil or bamboo poles, wires, abaca twines,
with good aeration. or straw twines.
Pruning
Train vines to climb a vertical pole or ladder until
it reaches the overhead trellis. Remove lower lateral
branches that appear on the climbing part of the main
stem to promote branching and fruiting.
Water Management

Provide adequate drainage to avoid waterlogging.

Use mulch to minimize watering.

Pest and Disease Management

Bottle gourd is attacked by insect pests like leaf

folder, fruit fly, and yellow beetle, as well as foliar
Nutrient Amount
diseases like downy mildew, powdery mildew,
anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot. Monitoring for
Water 95.0 g
pests should be done regularly. Remove infected
Protein 0.5 g fruits and leaves to avoid build-up of pest population.
Fat 0.1 g Observe strict sanitation to control insect pests
Carbohydrates 3.5 g and diseases.
Vitamin A 10.0 IU
Vitamin B1 0.04 mg
Niacin 0.4 mg
Vitamin C 11.0 mg
Calcium 16.0 mg
Iron 0.4 mg
Phosphorus 14.0 mg
Energy Value 63.0 kj
Oil 45.0 %
Production Management
 najiu v^upy

Not for sale

"se see in-charge for

photocopy in< Information Bulletin No.149
/1999
Dr. Rodel G. Banos 4030
Maghirang Ms. Laguna Tel. Nos.
Marisa B. Miranda (049) 536-0014 to
University 15; 536-001 7 to
Researchers 20; 536-0024
Vegetable Fax No. (049) 536-
Crops Division 0016; 536-0132
Institute of
Plant Breeding
College of
Agriculture
University of
the Philippines
Los Banos
Col lege 4031
Laguna
Tel. No. (049)
536-2298; 536-
3304; 536-2697
Fax No. (049)
536-3438

Production
Assistants:
Ms. Josefina L.
Acedera
Commodity
Specialist, CRD-
PCARRD Ms. Nelia
B. Laroza Ms. Elisa
G. Cleto
Administrative
Staff, CRD-
PCARRD

For more
information,
please contact:

Dr. Crisanto R.
Escano
Director and
Scientist III
Crops Research
Division
PCARRD Los
 Local Name Okra (Tagalog)
Saluyot a bunga (llocano)
Kaluyot(lfugao)
Scientific Name Abelmoschus esculentus L.
Moench
Brief Description
Okra is an erect, stout, annual herb averaging
1. 5 m in height. The leaves are spreading and
are spirally arranged with yellow solitary flower
in leaf axils. The fruit is a cylindrical or
pyramidal capsule usually green, greenish-purple
or completely purple when young, and brownish
when mature. Seeds are numerous and black in
color.
Uses and Nutritional Value
Okra is mainly grown for its young immature
fruits which are consumed raw, cooked or fried. It is a
common ingredient in soups and sauces. The fruits can
J be dried or pickled. The leaves are sometimes used as
s spinach or cattle feed, the fibers from the stem for
cord, the plant mucilages for medicinal and industrial
purposes and the seeds as a substitute for coffee. Okra
seeds contain a considerable amount of good quality
oil and protein.
Varieties Harvesting. Okra pods are ready for harvest when they
Production Management
are about 10-12 cm long or while the pod is soft and
Smooth the tip snaps. The pods should be gathered everyday.
Green They are usually hand-picked and sharp knives are
4025B used to cut them from the stalks to avoid fruit damage
Better such as bruises and discoloration. The pods are then
Five/Takii graded in various sizes and packed in various ways,
Early Five usually in cardboard trays covered with plastic film.
They should be stored at 10°C with a high humidity to
Planting and Spacing.
Plant okra by direct seeding. Soak
avoid wilting.
the seeds overnight for uniform germination and good
To facilitate harvesting and control diseases, prune
stand. Sow two to three seeds 2-5 cm deep with a
all the leaves below the lowest fruit at regular intervals.
distance of 20 cm between plants and 25 cm between
A well-managed okra crop can be harvested 40-45
rows. Retain a maximum of two plants per hill after
times in one season.
thinning.
References:
Fertilization.
The use of compost or farmyard manure
together with commercial fertilizer is highly Food Composition Table. 1964. Food and Nutrition
recommended. Apply 1 kg per 1 m 2 land area together Research Center-Handbook No. 1. Manila.
with complete fertilizer (14-14-14) at 10 g/plant during
planting time. Side- dress urea (46-0-0) one month Siemonsma, J.S. and Piluek, K. (Editors). 1994.
after planting at the rate of 10 g/h ill. PROSEA Handbook No. 8. Vegetables. Pudoc,
Wageningen.
Water Management. Water the crops regularly. Use 1993/Prosea, Bogor.
furrow irrigation, if available, every 7-14 days
depending on season and soil type.
Integrated Pest and Disease Management.
The most serious
fungal diseases are Cercospora blight, powdery
mildew, and fruit rot. Control diseases by pruning and
burning old, infected leaves at regular intervals.
Viruses can be controlled by using healthy seeds.
Important pests of okra are fruit and stem borer,
jassids, stink bugs and root knot nematode. Observe
strict sanitation. Avoid nematode damage through crop
rotation, and use of organic manure.
Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang
University Researcher
Ms. Gloria S. Rodulfo
Agricultural Technician II
Vegetable Crops Division
Institute of Plant Breeding
College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Banos
College 4031 Laguna
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536-2697 Fax No. (049)
536-3438
Editorial/Production Staff:
Josefina L. Acedera
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD Ma. Gracia N. Payawal Nelia B.
Laroza Elisa G. Cleto
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD Ruel S. Pagcaliwagan
Editor, ACD-PCARRD Simeon R. Manahan, Jr.
Layout Artist, ACD-PCARRD
For more information, please contact:

The Executive Director

PCARRD, Los Banos 4030 Laguna
Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536-0017 to 20; 536-0024 Fax
Nos. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 Email:
pcarrd@ultra.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph

Cost
Prepared
 Introduction Climatic and Soil Requirements Harvesting
Kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) is a fast-growing, Upland kangkong can be grown from low to mid Harvest by cutting young shoots 20-50 days after
creeping herb with succulent hollow stems jrooting at elevations throughout the year. Production is best in sowing and subsequently at regular intervals. The plants
the nodes in wet ground. The leaves and stalk may sandy to clay loam soil with a pH of 5.5-6 J. are cut about 5-10 cm kbove ground. Uprooting can
either be green or purplish. It grows well in both wet also be practiced at 20- 30 days after sowing.
and dry places. Land Preparation
Seed Production
Uses and Nutritional Value
Prepare land by plowing and harrowing_twice. Prepare
rajj beds 1 m wide. Spread well-decomposed animal Upland kangkong flowers in October and seeds start
Young leaves, petioles and stems are used as manure at 1 to mature from I March to April. For smaTl-scale
vegetable, cooked alone or with meat or fish. The vines rate of 1-2 kg/m2 b etween beds. Make shallow lines production,, harvest dried or mature fruits individually.
are also used as fodder for cattle and pigs. 10 cm apart across the beds before sowing. Sun-dry until the: husk is brittle enough for seed
Each 100 g edible portion contains: extraction. Each fruit contains; 3-4 seeds.
Propagation and Planting
Nutrient Amount For large-scale seed production, harvest the entire
Kangkong can be grown in garden plots and containers. plantt when majority of the fruits are mature. Sun-dry
Water 90.2 g seeds directly in rows or space evenly in containers. fod3-5 day1 and thresh in the rice thresher. The hay or
Protein 3-0 g Seeds and cuttings IreusecHororopagation. Plant refuse may be feato the thresher several times to
Fat 0.3 g densities may vary between 30-1 70 plants/m2. maximize seed yield. Dry extracted: seeds to about 10-
Carbohydrates 5.0 g 11 % moisture content. Winnow to removes debris and
Fiber 1.0g Fertilization poor qualify seeds. Pack in moisture-prootf containers.
Ash 1.6g Label and store in a cool, dry place. There isj need to
Ca 81.0 mg Apply 1 -2 kg/m2 animal manure before sowing. treat kangkong seeds with pesticides.
Mg 52.0 mg Topdress urea (46-0-0) or ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)
Fe 3.3 mg 10-15 days later. Reference
Pro Vitamin A 4000- 100001U
Vitamin C 30.0-130.0 mg
Energy Value 134.0 kj

Production Management
Pest and Disease Management

Caterpillars, whiteflies and aphids cause serious damage. Control by regular pruning of
stems. Spray the plants with hot ?pper extract or insecticidal soap to get rid of aphids.

White rust can be minimized by regular pruning at three weeks

 Information Bulletin No. 147/1999
Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang
University Researcher
Vegetable Crops Division
Institute of Plant Breeding
College of Agriculture
University of the Philippines Los Banos
Col lege 4031 Laguna
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536-2697 Fax
No. (049) 536-3438
Production Assistants: Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare

Ms. Josefina L. Acedera

Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD Ms. Nelia B.
Laroza Ms. Elisa G. Cleto
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD 74,060
1. VARIABLE COSTS A. Labor
For more information, please contact: (P150/MD) Plowing 1,500
Harrowing (3x) 1,000 it
Dr. Crisanto R. Escano Bedding 1,500
Director and Scientist III Crops Research Division Manure application 1,000
PCARRD, Los Banos 4030 Laguna Tel. Nos. Seedling production (15 MD) 2,250
Mulching with rice straw (10 1,500
(049) 536-0014 to 15; 5364)017 to 20; 536-0024 MD)
Transplanting (10 MD) 1,500
Fax No. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 \ Fertilization; basal (2 MD) and 1,800
side-dress (10 MD)
Irrigation (30 MD) 4,500
Spraying (30 MD) 4,500
Weeding (20 MD) 3,000
Pruning (24 MD) 3,600
Harvesting (50 MD) 7,500
Miscellaneous (20 MD) 3,000
Sub-total 38,150
B. Materials
Seeds 1,500
Animal manure (5 t) 5,000
Prepared
by: Fertilizer
14-14-14 (7 bags) 2,450
46-0-0 (12 bags) 4,560
0-0-60 (4 bags) 2,400
Pesticides 10,000
Fuel and oil 5,000
* Miscellaneous 5,000
v
4 Sub-total 35,910
ji II. FIXED COSTS H | 18,063
Land Rental 5,000
Depreciation fr\
5 pcs. scythe (2 yrs) 63
5 pcs. hoe (3 yrs) 125
 introduction
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known as
aubergine and brinjal (English), talong (Tagalog),
tarong (llocano), or bringhinas (Bisaya). It is
cultivated for the immature fruits which are either
roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked, pickled, or processed.
Young fruits are also eaten raw.
Preferred types are the long, purple varieties with
green calyx, but some regions also prefer the long or
round, green-colored varieties. Eggplant is generally
cultivated as a monocrop year-round This practice
greatly contributes to the escalating problem of insect
pests such as green leafhopper and fruit and shoot
borer.
Production Statistics
Climatic and Soil Requirements
Eggplant can be grown from low to mid elevations
throughout the year. Production is best, however, during
the dry, cool monthslin sandy loam soil. Clay loam to
clayey soils, with pH of 5.5-6.5, can also be used.
Seedling Production
Eggplant is best grown transplanted. /Line sow|200-
250 g of seeds/ha in seedbed with one part animal
manure and Vi part rice hull charcoal. The lines should
be 10- 15 cm apart. Water before and after sowing.
Mulch with rice hull or straw and provide partial shade.
Water regularly. One week before transplanting, expose
to full sunlight. Transplant four weeks from sowing.
Practice mulching to minimize weed growth and
maintain uniform soil moisture.
Pest Management
Avoid monocropping. Plant different varieties
in one area. Intercrop with other vegetables and
include repellants such as garlic, marigold, ginger,
and lemon grass. In case of tip borer, remove and
burn damaged shoot together with the larvae. If
green leafhopper incidence is severe, spray
(Selecron or Trebon) at recommended rates. With
intercropping and mulching, the incidence of insect
pests will be minimal. Eggplant can be grown
economically even without pesticides.

Harvesting

Eggplant is the country's top ranking vegetable or hills at 1-2 handfuls per hill. Apply complete Harvest mature fruits which are shiny and still
in terms of value of production worth f 2 1.5 B in fertilizer (14-14-14) at 10-15 g/hill and cover lightly soft. More frequent harvesting can reduce damage
1997. It is grown in 18,000 ha all over the country, with soil. from fruit borers. Harvest all fruits including
but major producers are llocos (29%), Central deformed and damaged ones to prevent spread of
Luzon (14%), and Southern Tagalog (13%). Transplanting and Maintenance pests and diseases. Harvesting can last fol3-6
months. Several varieties can be grown for 1-2
Production Management Irrigate area before transplanting. PlantflMpeedling yeaifT
Varieties per hill at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m depending on variety.
Variety Shape Colo Maturity Remarks
Provide 1.0 m-long stake to prevent lodging. Irrigate by Postharvest
r furrow every 7-14 days depending on season and soil
(days)
Batangas type. Side-dress with urea at 10 g/hill every 2-4 week£ Discard or bury severely infested fruits or make
purpl
Long Purple long e 70 OP during the vegetative stage. Use equal parts urea and 0- into compost. Grade according to market standards.
Bulakena long/ purpl 70 OP 0-60 at the start of fruiting. Weed 2-3 times during the Pack in crates lined with banana leaves. Do not
blunt e
purpl growing season, or as necessary. expose to
Casino long e 60 F, hybrid
Claveria KS mediu purpl 90 OP
m
long e
purpl
Dumaguete long e 70 OP
Jackpot long purpl 60 F, hybrid
Long Purple long e
purpl 70 OP
Tanauan KS long e
purpl 90 OP
Llamado mediu e
purpl 70 F, hybrid
m e
Land Preparation

Prepare land by plowing and harrowing twice.

Make furrows 1.0 m apart. Spread manure along rows
 Prepared Cost and Return Analysis Per
by: Hectare p

Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang AMOUNT

University Researcher i Ms. Gloria S. (P)
ITEMS 115,270
Rodulfo Agricultural Technician II 1. VARIABLE COSTS A.Labor 1.500
Vegetable Crops Division Institute of (P150/MD) Plowing Harrowing (2x) 1,000
Plant Breeding College of Agriculture Bedding 1.500 \
University of the Philippines Los Banos i Manure application 1,000
College4031 Laguna Planting (2 MD) 300 1
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536-2697 l Mulching with rice straw (8 MD)
1,200
Fax No. (049) 536-3438 Fertilization; basal (2 MD) and
side-dress (12 MD) 2,100
Irrigation (40 MD) 6,000
Trellising (60 MD) 9,000
Vine training, pruning (30 MD) 4,500
Editorial/Production Staff: Weeding (20 MD) 3,000
Spraying (30 MD) 4,500
Josefina L. Acedera Harvesting (50 MD) 7,500
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD Ma. Gracia N. Payawal Miscellaneous (20 MD) 3,000
46,100
Nelia B. Laroza Elisa G. Cleto
Sub-total B. Materials t
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD Ruel S. Pagcaliwagan
Seeds (3 kg/ha) tO,500 A
Editor, ACD-PCARRD Simeon R. Manahan, jr.
Animal manure (5 t) 5,000 \
Layout Artist, ACD-PCARRD Fertilizers
f
For more information, please contact
14-14-14 (5 bags) 1,750 *H
46-0-0 (8 bags) 3,720
The Executive Director 0-0-60 (2 bags) Trellis
1,200
PCARRD, Los Banos 4030 Laguna
Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536-0017 to 20; 536-0024 Ipil-ipil posts (1,200 pcs): 2 uses 12,000
Gl wire (300 kg); 4 uses
 Bitter gourd or ampalaya (Momordica charantia L.) grows well in any type of soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Sort fruits according to market standards, and
belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is also known
Introduction Production is best, however, in sandy loam soil. remove- damaged
Pest and Disease fruits. Pack in plastic or bamboo
Management
as paria (llocano, Indonesia), palia (Bisaya), peria crates lined with, newspaper or Recommendations
Insect bamboo leaves. Under
Land Preparation this Pests/Diseases
condition, fruits can be kept for 2-3 days. It can be
(Malaysia); and balsam pear (English).
stored at 4°C for three weeks.
Prepare the soil thoroughly by plowing and Aphids Spray with hot pepper extract or
It is high in vitamins and an excellent source of harrowing twice. Make furrows|3 m apart. Apply 5 soap> solution
iron and calcium. Fruits, young shoots and flowers_a_re Reference
t/ha |vell-decomposed animal manure two weeks Cucurbit beetle Spread wood ash; spray carbamates
used as vegetables. It is also known to cure diabetes, Cutworm j.S. and Piluek,
before planting. Siemonsma, K.with
Spray (Editors). 1994.
hot pepper extract or
arthritis, rheumatism, asthma, warts, abscesses and
ulcers. PROSEA Handbook No. 8.Bacillus
Vegetables. Pudoc,
thuringiensis
Planting Leaf folders 1993/ PROSEA,
Wageningen. CollectBogor.
folded leaves
Fruit fly Plastic bagging; fruit fly attractant
Production Statistics Bitter gourd can be direct seeded or transplanted. Bacterial wilt Sanitation; avoidance
A 1-ha production area requires 2-3 kg seeg£. Crack Downy mildew Remove infected leaves; spray with
Total production volume in 1997 was 43,043 t seearaau^acilitate water absorption. Soak seeds in
with the biggest growers in Regions II and IV. There mancozeb, Acrobat; use compost
water overnight or wrap in cheesecloth. Transplant the tea (Compost tea is prepared by
are generally two types being grown: the Sta. following day or at radicle break. Spacing is 3 m
Ritajwhich is long, dark green and less warty; and the fermenting compost for 10-14
between rows and 30 cm between hills. If days.. The effluent is sprayed to
pinakbettype, which is short, small, warty and very pregerminated or transplanted, use onl
bitter. The pale and white varieties popular in other control foliardiseases).
Southeast Asian countries are not preferred locally. Fertilization Little leaf Sanitation; crop rotation
'Namamarako' Crop rotation; use Borax
Production Management At planting, apply complete fertilizer (14-14-14) at
Varieties the rate ( 15-20 g/hill During the dry season, side-dress
Harvesting
Variety Maturity (days) Remarks 10-20 g/hill ure "(46-0-0) and muriate of potash (0-0-60)
qnce a month. However, during the wet season, side-
Sta. Rita (strains) 70-75 OP dress|U^ potash every two weeks.
Makiling 65-70 OP
Sta. Isabel 70-75 OP
Trellising, Vine Training and Pruning
Jade Star (A, L, XL) 60-70 F hybrid
Train the vines on the vertical trellisjLa pruned,
Mayon 65-70 F, hybrid
Million Green 65-75 F, hybrid leaving only thegourd
Bitter maingrows
vine.best
Remov below the
with overhead overhead
trellis. Use bamboo
trellis!orAllow branching a nd frui ting on the overhead
ipil-ipil posts at 3m x 3m spacing. Construct vertical trellis
trellis.(along
Fruitsthemayrow)also
and be allowed
overhead towith
trellis form just aboveofthe
a combination Gl
10,h node.
wire and abaca twine or nylon string. Spacing of 1.5 m between rea and muriate
Climatic and Soil Requirements of
s. Lateral
rows and 0.75 cm between hills may also shoots
be used.
Bitter gourd grows best in low elevation preas mat amove all
anytime of the year. It can also be grown in mid female flov
elevation? Bitter gourd

attained full size. This is about 15-20 days from

polIination, or 60-95 days from planting. Priming can
be done at 2-3 days interval. Harvesting can be done
continuously for 2-3 months..
Postharvest
VI. Harvest and Yields
Fruits may be harvested 35 days from transplanting, when the size of the fruit is
15 to 20 cm in length. The yield is approximately 5 to 7 tons per 1,000 square meters.

VII. Pest and Disease Control

Pests Control HARBEST.COM
Harbest
communications
Squash beetle Decis 2.5 EC

Aphids/mites Lannate, Decis 2.5 EC

White fly Detergent soap, petroleum oil, Decis

Loo per Sevin, Lannate

Diseases Control
Downy mildew Ridomil MZ 58

Powdery mildew Daconil, Ridomil

Cucumber mosaic virus Crop rotation, spray fungicide

Damping-off Spray fungicide, control watering

HARBEST
Your partner in profitable short-term, high-value commercial crops production
For provincial inquiries, please contact or call:
HARBEST Technology Dev’t and Promotion Center, Pangaslnan 09178173034
09178345837
HARBEST Agribusiness Training Center, Naujan, Or. Mindoro 09192937786
HARBEST Negros Liaison Office, Bacolod City (034)4410667 09162415484
09208655417
Davao Liaison Office, Davao City (082)2240688 09174347922
09196860385
HARBEST Liaison Office, Taclofaan, Leyte 09169603644 09273765105
CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPT. 09178474861 09178438560
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT (02)6712239 09175203260
Bnlacan Area 09182883273 09287416429
Bulddnon Area 09207743920
Baguio Area 09182133853 09159992694
Cagayan de Oro Area 09179623618
Cavite Area 09187170470
Cebu Area 09214457755 09212011989
Quezon Area 09215538590

HARBEST AGRIBUSINESS CORPORATION

No. 5 Rosemarie Lane, Brgy. Kapitotyo, Pasig City
Tel. No. 6717411 to 14 Fax No. (02) 6712232
email: harbest@harbest.com
 A high light intensity tends to increase the number of staminate flowers produced.
CMV - Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Lower light levels result in the production of more pistilate flowers. Long days also have a
PRSV - Papaya Ringspot Virus
I. Varieties developed by Known-You Seed Company of Taiwan similar effect on flower production. Leaf production is also stimulated under short daylength
Market Skin and relatively high night temperatures.
Cultiv Weight
II.arClimate Maturity
and Soil Requirements
size (8) Shape colo Feature
(cm) CUCUMBER (Cucumis r sativa
Cucumber is well-adapted to warm climates but will grow well at lower temperatures than III. Cultural Requirements
L.) Productive,
Light resistant tois 21- Seeds may be sown on ridges or mounds directly at a distance of 60-70 cm each way.
Founai melon. The optimumSlim,
range of day-night temperature
early 19x23 90 gree PRSV, and
n Water requirement
28°C. long
is high but a very high humidity encourages the
n A spacing of 30 cm between plants with rows 100-150 cm apart can also be used. Plants may be
tolerant to CMV
development of fungus diseases of the leaves and may affect flower production. The soil
Predominantly raised in seedling trays and later transplanted when they are 8-10 days old. Prune the lateral
should
Jane be well-drained, with a high level of organic matter. Sandy-loams female
Light with a pHflower,
of 6.0 to
Short shoot after one fruit has formed. Provide support for same trailing cultivars. Te seed
Swallo early 12 x45 240 gree very
w are generally suitable for the production of earlycylinder
7.5 crops. Elevation
n upproductive,
to 1,200 meters
good requirement for transplanted types is 1 kg/ha and for direct seeding is 3 kg/ha.
quality
appears suitable for the cultivation of most cultivars.
Uniform fruit,
Blac straight small
IV. Irrigation
Vantag Long, k
early 34 x 7.4 1.0 seeds, resistant This is required at frequent intervals particularly at transplanting and until the
e cylinder gree to CMV and
n
PRSV seedlings are established. High level of soil moisture should be maintained throughout the
Heat-tolerant,
growing period.
Blac suitable for close
Bountiful Slim k planting,
early 36x7 1.0
No. 2 long gree
n
resistant to CMV V. Recommended fertilizer for every 20 linear meter
and PRSV
Note: Although a nematicide is not a fertilizer, it is recommended to mix it in the fertilizer
before applying in the soil.

fertilizer Amount required

Chicken manure 1 bag

Complete (14-14-14) 4 kilos

Urea 1 kilo

Borax 150 grams

Magnesium 150 grams

Calcium nitrate 150 grams

Nematicide 150 grams

Prepared by:
Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang Ms. Marisa B. Miranda
University Researchers Ma
No
Vegetable Crops Division
Institute of Plant Breeding Ple
College of Agriculture phofocopyi Information
Cost and Return Analysis Per
University of the Philippines Los Banos Hectare
College 4031 Laguna ITEMS AMOUNT (P)
Tel. No. (049) 536-2298; 536-3304; 536-2697 Fax No. (049)
I. VARIABLE COSTS 49,560
536-3438
1,50
A. Labor (P150/MD) Plowing 0
Production Assistants: Harrowing 1,00
0
1,50
Bedding
Ms. Josefina L. Acedera 0
2,00
Manure application
Commodity Specialist, CRD-PCARRD Ms. Nelia B. Laroza Ms. Elisa 0
2,25
Seedling production (15 MD)
0
1,50
G. Cleto Mulching with rice straw (10 MD)
0
1,50
Administrative Staff, CRD-PCARRD Transplanting (10 MD)
0
Fertilization; basal (2 MD) and
side-dress (4 MD) 900
For more information, please contact: 3,00
Irrigation (20 MD)
0
1,50
Dr. Crisanto R. Escano Spraying (10 MD)
0
3,00
Weeding (20 MD)
Director and Scientist III Crops Research Division PCARRD, 0
1,50
Harvesting (10MD)
0
3,00
Miscellaneous (20 MD)
0
24,1
Sub-total
50
1,00
B. Materials Seeds 0
Animal manure (101) 10,0
00
Fertilizer 1,75
14-14-14 (5 bags) 0
46-0-0 (5 bags) 1,90
0
0-0-60 (2 bags) 760
Pesticides 5,00
0
5,00
Miscellaneous
0
25,4
Sub-total
10
Los Banos 4030 Laguna Tel. Nos. (049) 536-0014 to 15; 536- II. FIXED COSTS 18,063
Land Rental 5,00
0017 to 20; 536-0024 0
Fax No. (049) 536-0016; 536-0132 Depreciation 5 pcs. scythe (2 yrs) 63
5 pcs. hoe (3 yrs) 125
3 pcs. shovel (3 yrs) 75
2 knapsack sprayers (5 yrs) 800
Interest on loans at 20% int. p.a. 12,0
00
TOTAL COSTS 67,623
CROSS INCOME3 120,000-150,000
PHILIPPINE COUNC
NET INCOME 52,377-82,377
FORESTRY AND NA
RESEARCH AND DE
 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most popular salad About 150-200 g of seeds is required per hectare. to boost plant growth. Legume tea is prepared by
IntroductionIts high fiber but low nutrient-*value makes it
vegetable. TheSeedling
best Production
method of seedling production is by line soaking leaves of ipil-ipil or madre de cacao in
an ideal vegetable for those who watch their diet. sowing in seed boxes or nursery beds with a soil mixture water. The mixture is ready after 6-10 days.
There are many types of lettuce. The most popular of 2 parts garden soil, 2 parts manure and 1 part rice hull At transplanting, use 10 g 14-14-14/hill as basal
locally is the crisphead type which includes green and charcoal. Water before sowing. Make lines 7-10 cm fertilizer and side-dress with 5-10 g urea
red iceberg varieties. The loose-leaf type includes grand apart. Sow 200-400 seeds/m. Cover with the same (46-0-0)/plant at 2-3 weeks after transplanting.
rapid type varieties, Oakleaf and Lollo Rossa. Other mixture and mulch with rice hull or fine rice straw.
types are Romaine/Cos and the Butterhead/Boston and Water daily and prick to nursery trays with the same soil Pest and Disease Management
Bibb lettuce. mix after germination. Maintain under partial shade and
harden by exposure to full sunlight one week before Lettuce has few significant pests and diseases. In
Production Management transplanting. The seedlings are ready for transplanting case of cabbage looper and aphids, use botanical
Varieties 3-4 weeks from sowing. pesticides or soap solution. Bacterial rot can be
Type Variety Leaf7 Maturit minimized by sanitation.
Color y
Land Preparation
Harvesting and Postharvest
Iceberg Great Lakes 54 green 45-50 Prepare the land thoroughly. Make beds 0.75-1.0 m
gree wide. Incorporate generous amounts of animal manure at Harvest iceberg lettuce at 45-60 days from v
Great Lakes 659 45-50
n
gree transplanting, when heads are firm. Harvest loose leaf
West Lake 45-50 10-20 t/ha. Use rice hull to improve soil texture.
Romaine Lital n
dark 50-60 lettuce as needed, preferably before bolting.
/Cos gree Transplanting For large-scale planting, sort the heads in the
n field and pack immediately in perforated carton
Noga 50-60 boxes. If available, vacuum cooling to 1°C is best.
gree Water the beds properly before transplanting. If rice
Parris Island 50-60
Loose- Samantha n
red 45-60 straw is available, mulch the beds and transplant at 30-40 Transport at 4°C.
leaf New Red Fire red 45-60 cm x 30-40 cm, 2-3 rows/bed. It is best to intercrop
onion, chives, or garlic in the beds with marigold. Reference

Irrigation Siemonsma, J.S. and Piluek, K. (Editors). 1994.

Climatic Requirements
Lettuce is a semi-temperate vegetable requiring cool
temperatures of 15-20°C. The iceberg varieties will not
form heads in hotter areas. It can also be planted in low
elevations during November to December. The quality is
best in high elevations (1000 m asl).
PROSEA Handbook No. 8. Vegetables. Pudoc,
Water the plants regularly. Use furrow irrigation, if Wageningen. 1993/Prosea, Bogor.
available. Mulching helps conserve soil moisture.
Fertilization
Apply sufficient animal manure at transplanting. Use
tea manure or legume tea once a week, or as needed.
Prepare tea manure by soaking manure in plastic drum.
After two days, the resulting mixture, tea manure, is used
as fertilizer