Cats

Cats also called the domestic cat or house cat (with its scientific name: Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a type of
carnivorous mammal of the family Felidae. The word "cat" generally refers to a "cat" that has been tamed, but can also
refer to the "big cats" such as lions and tigers.

Cats are considered as "perfect carnivore" with teeth and particular digestive tract. The first premolar and molar teeth
form a pair of fangs on each side of the mouth that works effectively as a pair of scissors to tear the meat. Although these
features also exist in the Canidae or dog, but these traits are better developed in cats. Unlike other carnivores, cats eat
almost non vegetable substance. Bears and dogs sometimes eat berries, roots, or honey as a supplement, while cats only
eat meat, usually freshly killed prey. In captivity, cats can not adapt to a vegetarian diet because they can not synthesize
all the amino acids they need from plant material; it is in contrast with domesticated dogs, which commonly are fed a
mixture of meat and vegetables and sometimes it can adapt to a completely vegetarian meal.

Cats have mingled with human life since at least 6000 BC, from the skeleton of the cat found on the island of Cyprus. The
ancient Egyptians of 3500 BC have used cats to keep away the rats or other rodents from the barn where the crops were
saved.Currently, the cat is one of the most popular pet in the world. Cats that his lines are recorded officially as a cat
breeds or pure breed are Persian, Siamese, Manx, and the sphinx. These kinds of cat are usually bred in official captivity
animal. The number of purebred cat is only 1% of all cats in the world; the rest is a cat with mixed ancestry such as wild
cats or domestic cats.

Kucing

Kucing disebut juga kucing domestik atau kucing rumah (nama ilmiah: Felis silvestris catus atau Felis catus) adalah
sejenis mamalia karnivora dari keluarga Felidae. Kata "kucing" biasanya merujuk kepada "kucing" yang telah dijinakkan,
tetapi bisa juga merujuk kepada "kucing besar" seperti singa dan harimau.

Kucing dianggap sebagai "karnivora yang sempurna" dengan gigi dan saluran pencernaan yang khusus. Gigi premolar dan
molar pertama membentuk sepasang taring di setiap sisi mulut yang bekerja efektif seperti gunting untuk merobek daging.
Meskipun ciri ini juga terdapat pada famili Canidae atau anjing, tapi ciri ini berkembang lebih baik pada kucing. Tidak
seperti karnivora lain, kucing hampir tidak makan apapun yang mengandung tumbuhan. Beruang dan anjing kadang
memakan buah, akar, atau madu sebagai suplemen, sementara kucing hanya memakan daging, biasanya buruan segar.
Dalam penangkaran, kucing tidak dapat diadaptasikan dengan makanan vegetarian karena mereka tidak dapat mensintesis
semua asam-asam amino yang mereka butuhkan hanya dengan memakan tumbuhan; berbeda dengan anjing peliharaan,
yang sering diberi makan produk campuran daging dan sayuran dan kadang dapat beradaptasi dengan makanan vegetarian
secara total.

Kucing telah berbaur dengan kehidupan manusia paling tidak sejak 6.000 tahun SM, dari kerangka kucing di Pulau
Siprus. Orang Mesir Kuno dari 3.500 SM telah menggunakan kucing untuk menjauhkan tikus atau hewan pengerat lain
dari lumbung di mana hasil panen disimpan.

Saat ini, kucing adalah salah satu hewan peliharaan terpopuler di dunia. Kucing yang garis keturunannya tercatat secara
resmi sebagai kucing trah atau galur murni (pure breed), seperti persia, siam, manx, dan sphinx. Kucing seperti ini
biasanya dibiakkan di tempat pemeliharaan hewan resmi. Jumlah kucing ras hanyalah 1% dari seluruh kucing di dunia,
sisanya adalah kucing dengan keturunan campuran seperti kucing liar atau kucing kampung.

Flood is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area) that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water.
Floods occur at irregular intervals and vary in size, duration and the affected area. Some floods can occur suddenly and recede
quickly. Others take days or even months to build and discharge.
When floods happen in an area that people live, the water carries along objects like houses, bridges, cars, furniture and even people. It
can wipe away farms, trees and many more heavy items.
Flooding is extremely dangerous and has the potential to wipe away an entire city, coastline or area, and cause extensive damage to
life and property.

Banjir adalah peristiwa alam atau kejadian dimana hamparan tanah yang biasanya beruapa lahan kering, tiba-tiba tenggelam di bawah
air.
Banjir biasanya terjadi pada kurun waktu yang tidak teratur dan berbeda-beda dalam ukuran, lama dan daerah yang terkena. Beberapa
banjir dapat terjadi tiba-tiba dan surut cepat. Bebrapa banjir bias berlangsung berhari-hari atau bahkan berbulan-bulan sejaka awal
datangnya sampai kering.
Ketika banjir terjadi di suatu daerah, air umumnya menghanyutkan benda-benda seperti rumah, jembatan, mobil, perabotan, dan
bahkan orang-orang. Itu dapat menyapu tanah pertanian, pohon, dan benda berat lainnya.
Banjir sangat berbahaya dan memiliki potensi untuk menenggelamkan seluruh kota, pantai atau daerah, dan menyebabkan kerusakan
yang luas untuk makhluk hidup dan harta benda.
Snakes are the kind of reptile that have no legs but has long body. Based on its kind, they belong to Squamata group
(scaly reptiles). They are the most adaptable animals with the environment. Almost all over the world such as in the
mountains, forests, deserts, plains, farms, neighborhoods, till the sea, they can be found. However, in the colder place,
they will increasingly rare. It is because they are cold-blooded animals. These types of animal require warmth of the sun
to set their body temperature. That is why they could not be found in Polar Regions both South Pole and the North Pole.

The habitat of them is so various. Most of snake lives on the ground, under rocks, shrubs, even some of them spend all his
life on the tree without ever stepping on the ground even once. While others live in aquatic or semi – aquatic habitat, such
as in rivers, swamps, lakes, and sea. These animals have a variety of ways to protect themselves. Some snake can protect
themselves with deadly poison like a Rattle Snake, Cobra, and Sea Snake. Even King Cobra can kill without biting but
they can shoot the poison directly to their enemies’ eye. Snakes like Anaconda and python protect themselves with the
power of windings. They will be wrapped around the prey or enemy very hard. Their winding will make their enemy and
prey die even till their bones crushed.

Snakes are carnivorous animal. They eat the prey without chewing. The elastic jaws enable them to swallow their prey
while its teeth are not for chewing but as a barrier to prevent its prey to escape. They eats various types of animals that are
smaller than its body such as fish, frogs, tadpoles, birds, mammals, and other small snakes. Even, there are some snakes
eat larger animal than their body such as pythons and anacondas which can eat goats, deer, elk, and even humans.

Most types of snake reproduce by spawning. They can produce so much eggs even can reach hundreds of eggs. They
usually lay their eggs in holes on the ground, cave, in the hole of weathered wood, or under a pile of dead leaves. There
are several types of snakes known incubate their eggs until hatching like pythons. But some snakes are known to bear
their children called as Ovoviviparous snake such as Kadut Snake, Pucuk Snake and Sea Snake.

Ular adalah hewan jenis reptil yang tidak memiliki kaki dan bertubuh panjang. Dilihat dari jenisnya, Ular juga termasuk
ke dalam kelompok Squamata atau reptile bersisik. Ular adalah hewan yang paling mudah beradaptasi dengan
lingkungannya. Hampir di seluruh penjuru dunia seperti Di gunung, hutan, gurun, dataran rendah, lahan pertanian,
lingkungan pemukiman, sampai ke lautan, dapat ditemukan ular. Hanya saja, semakin dingin suatu tempat, ular akan
semakin jarang ditemui. Hal ini dikarenakan Ular adalah hewan berdarah dingin. Hewan-hewan jenis ini memerlukan
kehangatan matahari untuk mengatur suhu tubuhnya. Itulah mengapa ular tidak bisa ditemukan di daerah kutub baik kutub
selatan maupun kutub utara.

Habitat ular sangat beragam kebanyakan ular hidup atas permukaan tanah, di bawah bebatuan, semak-semak, bahkan ada
beberapa ular yang sepanjang hidupnya dihabiskan di atas pohon tanpa pernah menginjak tanah sekali pun. Sementara
sebagian yang lain hidup akuatik atau semi-akuatik seperti di sungai, rawa, danau, dan laut. Hewan ini memiliki berbagai
macam cara untuk melindungi dirinya. Beberapa ular melindungi dirinya dengan bisa yang mematikan seperti ular Rattle
Snake, Cobra, Ular Laut. Bahkan Ular King Cobra dapat membunuh tanpa menggigit tetapi mereka bisa menyemburkan
bisa mereka ke arah mata musuhnya. Ular-ular seperti Anaconda, phyton dan sanca melindungi dirinya dengan kekuatan
lilitannya. Mereka akan melilit mangsa atau musuhnya dengan sangat keras. Musuh atau mangsannya bisa mati bahkan
sampai tulang-tulangnya hancur.

Ular merupakan hewan karnivora. Mereka memakan mangsanya dengan utuh tanpa dikunyah. Rahang yang elastis
memudahkan mereka untuk menelan mangsanya. Sedangkan giginya tidak berfungsi untuk mengunyah melainkan sebagai
penahan mangsanya agar tidak lepas. Ular memangsa berbagai jenis hewan yang berukuran lebih kecil dari tubuhnya
seperti ikan, kodok, berudu, burung, mamalia, kodok, ular lain yang berukuran kecil. Bahakan, ada sebagian ular
memangsa hewan yang lebih besar dari tubuhnya. seperti ular sanca kembang dan anaconda yang dapat memangsa
kambing, kijang, rusa dan bahkan manusia.

Kebanyakan jenis ular berkembang biak dengan bertelur. Jumlah telur yang dihasilakan oleh ular sangat banyak bahkan
bisa mencapai ratusan ribu. Ular biasanya meletakkan telurnya di lubang-lubang tanah, gua, lubang kayu lapuk, atau di
bawah timbunan daun-daun kering. Ada Beberapa jenis ular yang diketahui mengerami telurnya hingga menetas seperti
ular sanca. Beberapa ular diketahui bisa melahirkan anaknya atau disebut dengan Ovovivipar seperti Ular Kadut, Ular
Pucuk dan Ular Bangkai laut.
Sebuah telegraf adalah mesin yang digunakan untuk memancarkan pesan dalam bentuk impuls listrik, yang dapat diubah
menjadi data. Pesan yang dikirim oleh sebuah telegraf disebut telegram atau cablegram. Telegrafi adalah mode utama
komunikasi sejak pertengahan tahun 1800-an sampai 1900-an. Saat ini, masyarakat tidak menggunakannya lagi, karena
penemuan seperti telepon dan internet yang lebih cepat daripada telegraf.

LESSON PLAN

School : Senior High School Subject : English

Grade/Semester : XI/Two Skill : Writing

Topic : Report Text Time : 2 x 45 Minutes

I. STANDARD COMPETENCE
The students are able to express the meaning of written functional text and short simple essays in the form of report texts to
interact with the closest environment.
II. BASIC COMPETENCE
The students are able to express the meaning in the simple monologue written text using a variety of oral language
accurately, smoothly and in various contexts of daily life in the report text.
III. INDICATOR
1. The students are able to write back the report text that they heard.
2. The students are able to create a report text by their ownself.
IV. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session the students are able to:
 Undersatand about the report text.
 Re-write the report text that they heard.
 Arrange the right paragraph of report text by their ownself.
V. TEACHING-LEARNING MATERIAL
Reporttext
Report text is a text used to describe an object to the readers, it provides information about something. The text can be
about a living or non-living subject, such as animals, plants, things, social and natural phenomena. It doesn’t contain
personal views. A report is a text containing two components. The first is the general classification. The technique which is
commonly used in a definition. The socond component is the description of the object.

Language Features of Report Text

In the Report Text, we will find the :

 Use of Simple present tense

 Use of Articles
 Use of Passive voice
 Use of Adjectives
 Generic Structure :

1. General classification : Introducing the topic

2. Description : Tells the shape/form, parts, the function, its history

Example of report text :

A telegraph is a machine that is used for transmitting messages in the form of electrical impulses, which can be converted
into data. The message which is sent by a telegraph is called a telegram or cablegram. Telegraphy was a major mode of
communication from the middle of the 1800s until the 1900s. Nowadays, people don’t use it anymore, because inventions
like telephones and internet are faster than the telegraph.

VI. TEACHING METHOD / TECHNIQUE

Contextual Teaching and Learning
There are four components of contextual teaching and learning that are useful to gain success in applying it (Wijarwadi,
2008:27).
1. Constructivism : It has five steps of learning. They are activating knowledge, acquiring knowledge, understanding
knowledge, applying knowledge, and reflecting knowledge.
2. Questioning : The students ask something because they want to know something they do not know. They are curious to
get the answer of their problem. That’s why they ask to the teacher or others.
3. Learning community : Its purpose is wants the students to have sharing and discussing section without the intimacy of
others. The other purpose is the students can help the others who need their help in positive way.
4. Modeling : is derived from the word “model”. Model means example. The component of modeling means the teacher
gives example to the students if they find difficulties in real way. For example the English teacher gives the example to
pronounce certain words.
VII. MEDIA

English text book : Pathway to English (Program Peminatan) for Senior High School Grade XI
VIII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

TIM ACTIVITY
E TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES
P 0-3’ The teacher greets the students. The students reply the greeting .
R
E 3-10’ The teacher asks one of the students to lead One of the student comes to the front of the
the prayer in the front of the class. class to lead the prayer.
A The teacher checks the students’ attendance
C list.
T
I The teacher gives some clues about the
V 10-15’ material which is about to be learned based The students listen and give a response.
I on her condition.
T
Y The teacher asks the students about the topic The students listen and give the respond to
15-25’ they will learn. the teacher’s question.
W 25-40’ The teacher gives the explanation about the The students give the attention and the
H
material in a report text. response to the teacher’s explanation.
I
L
S The students pay attention to the teacher.
T 40-60’ The teacher gives example of report text.
The teacher explains the generic structure
A
C
and language features of report text.
T The students identify the generic structure
I The teachers asks students to identify the and language features of the example of
V
60-75’ generic structure and language features of report text.
I
T
the example of report text.
Y

P 75-80’ The teacher asks whether the students have The students give the response to the
O understood the materials or not, whether teacher.
S have difficulties or not.
T
The teacher makes the conclusion about the
A 80-83’ material. The students pay attention to the teacher.
C
T The teacher gives the assessment to the The students listen to the teacher.
I 83-88’ students’ evaluation.
V
I The teacher closes the class by saying “See The students reply the greets by saying See
T 88-90’ you next week”. you Miss..”
Y