HASSAN S. K. BAKRY Akhenaten at Heliopolis May, 1967, while a heavily loaded lorry was being driven in I Sharia Iskander Nakhlah, Matareyyah, a deep depression opened up, measuring two metres in length, 1.50 m. in width and 3m. in depth (). On May 16th, 1967, twenty-eight sondages were made in the street @) ; each sondage measured approximately 3.50m. x 3m. x 5m. No intact tombs, however, were discovered ; a sun-dried brick wall was uncovered but it was in a poor state of preservation because of the disastrous effect of water from the sewage system, which had infiltrated from the neighbourhood. In the débris, an inscribed red-granite sar- cophagus was found, together with a number of ushebli-figurines, amulets and eleven funerary slabs (supra, p. 1, n. 1). (The sarcophagus whose lid is missing, belonged to a noblewoman named $3! Rr, Reg. No. 323.). Work was finished on June 21st, 1967, and was resumed the next year on May 9th, 1968. Seven soundings were made in twenty days, producing such objects as faience and ushebli-figurines and a di- versity of amulets. Among the above-mentioned eleven stelae, there is one of special interest. It is a rectangular, round-topped slab of limestone, with two registers of sunk relief and incised inscription, It measures 76 cm in height, 47 cm. in width and 13.8 cm. in thickness. It was partly affected by sub-soil water, as has already been mentioned, and was flaked in one area (Fig. 1 and 2). The first register contains an offering-scene. To the left one sees the deceased “the well-beloyed (°) and victorious (!) one, *wnw-m-re-nb” and his “beloved sister (or wife), the lady of the house, Ty-e" ; they are (1) The depression lay very close to the enclosure-wall of the Higher Polytechnic Institute where tombs were discovered in its foundation in 1957-1958. (2) This street, having been paved, is now 150 m. long and about 20 m. wide. (3) Mruty “the well-beloved”, Coptic SREPIT : RLENPIT s N. K. var. SY Wo, IL 103. It was used for gods and kings, Wb. II 104. 1-6, for persons, ibid. 7 and Belegstelten, and also for “name” and pli ces, ibid. 8, 9. (4) Nk “victorious”, abbr., Wa Urk. IV 654, 7; 809. I, see Wo. IL 314. 13.EGYPTE, PHARAONIQUE Fig. 1. — STRELA of NEFER-RONPET FROM HELIOPOLIS& Gy Se ~ fixe= eae ) [arene WS 4 ania ONS) Qa /) [\S ae | |e \\ gmt N ae A) Pv es yo) sae // /EGYPTE PHARAONIQUE seated on two high-backed chairs with lion's legs, facing right, and place their feet on pedestals. ‘The husband embraces his wife, putting his right hand on her right shoulder and his left hand on her left shoul der, He wears a short kilt reaching below the knees and a short wig surmounted by a cone of solid unguent and embellished by a lotus- flower, His wife is clad in a long garment and wears a long coiffure also surmounted by a perfume cone and adorned with a lotus-flower. ‘Their son, Sety, stands behind them, holding the back of his father’s chair with his left hand. Before them, an offering table stands laden with a variety of superimposed provisions fumigated with incense which is burning in a bowl placed above them and near the couple's faces. Under the table there are two jars on stands; the larger jar is adorned with flowers. Their “beloved son, the Musician of the House of Rec, Nefer-ronpet” faces them. He is clothed in a long, wide pleated Kilt, He is portrayed with an elongated skull and a shaven head. He rdil kbhw “offers cold water”, extending his right hand towards his parents with a vase of libation. ‘The little girl squatting under her father’s seat is represented beautifully but on a small scale, and may be regarded as a sentimental parental gesture. She seems naked, with a side-lock on her shaved skull. In the second register four daughters appear, all facing left like their brother, Nefer-ronpet above, with their right feet advanced : “his daughter, Henut-lunu” holding an incense-burner, “his daught Taweret” extending her right hand with a conical loaf of bread, “his daughter, Ta-‘at” carrying a bag () full of pomegranates and holding by the hand the youngest child “his daughter, Fenut-Iunu” carrying flower-offerings ?). The two elder daughters long ends of their fine dresses flying out in front and behind as if blown by a strong breeze and touching the ground, Each wears a long coif- fure. stand with the very The figures are depicted in the true “Ama girl squatting under her father’s chair is reminiscent of the two young daughters of Queen Nefertiti turning to each other in contrasting postures (%). The eldest daughters, too, have long necks, thick lips, nah style. The little (1) Artistically a section of the bag is represented so that the fruit might be visible and so identifiable. (2) Thus the deceased had a large two sons and five daughters. (3) From a large painted scene of the Royal Family, Oxford, Reg. No. 1893. 1. See Aldred, ¢ pl. 115. New Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, London, 196 58‘AT HELIOPOLIS inflated thighs and attenuated lower legs ; their navel is over-stressed. Again this reminds one of the sunk relief, now in the Egyptian Mu- seum, Cairo, showing the Royal Family worshipping the Aten (*). Akhenaten and his Queen adore and offer to the Aten, as the solar disk from which radiate rays terminating in hands which embrace them and hold the breath of life to their noses. Princess Meritaten shakes a rattle behind her mother, and holds her sister by the hand, like the younger daughters T9-r3¢ and Hnwt-"Iwnw in our stela. ‘The stela may be dated to Dyn. XVIII or early Dyn. XIX. IL In the course of excavations at ‘Ain Shams (Héliopolis) in August- September, 1969, five tombs were dug in a parcel of terrain owned by Architect Samir ‘Osman. They were all similar in plan, and may | Ls 1D le ome i Fig. 3. — PLAN OF THE FIVE TOMBS DISCOVERED AT “AIN SHAMS (Parcels 9 and 10) be dated to the Late Period. The first tomb consisted of a shaft measuring 1.80 m. in length, 1 m. in width and 4 m. in depth, and two lateral burial chambers on the east and west of the shaft. (1) Cat. No. 54.517.EGYPTE PHARAONIQUE The eastern burial chamber is more important; it measured 2.20 m. long, 1.90 m. wide and 1.50 m. high @). Its entrance was blocked with rough stones among which a fragmentary relief was found; it represents Akhenaten’s right hand (Fig. 4). Fig. 4, — Rigur Hann or AxneNaten (Heliopolis) ‘The original scene itself from which the fragment was detached is so lacking that it is difficult to interpret it. None-the-less it is very likely that it was a temple relief, a magnificent representation of Akhe- naten standing with his right arm shown pendant, suggesting motion : possibly the King’s visit to the Great Temple of the Aten at Hélio- polis It is important to note that the hand bears a pair of cartouches containing the early forms of the name of the Aten, inscribed or tat- (1) The measurements of the other four tombs were as follows : Tomb Shaft Burial Chamber tntrance of No. Burial Chamber w. D. L. w. H. w. H id im, 4m. 220m. 190m, 150m, Lm, 1.20 m, a 1m. 380m, 210m. 2m. 140m. 1m. 1.25 m. 3 250m, 120m. 450m, 240m, 210m, 160m, 110m, 1.10 m, 4 180m. 110m, 5m. 220m, 2m. 160m, 140m, 140m. 5 190m. 080m, 390m, 210m, 180m, 140m, 180m, 1.10 m, 60AKHENATEN AT HELIOPOLIS tooed. Thus Akhenaten shows himself assimilated to his god, the Aten: he did not have his own names inscribed, which would be the more normal practice. U1 While the Great Wall of Fatimide Cairo was being restored on April Ist, 1970, a limestone block of the so-called ‘talatat’ type was dis- covered in the north-eastern part of the wall adjacent to the Bab el-Nasr yyah district 7). One side of the block shows a Gateway, Gamal (1) The work was supervised by Mr Salil Cairo for the Department of Islamic Antiquitie: how Chief Inspector of Northern Thanks are tendered to him ev is first and foremost in- debted to the late erudite and eminent Islamic archaeologist Hassan ‘Abd el-Wah- hab (d. March 22nd, 1967), who persuaded the writer to make extensive and in tensive studies on the re-employment of Pharaonie monuments in Islamic construc- tions, On April 9th, 1956 the late colleague delivered a lecture at I Institut d’ Egypte, entitled “Re-tsed Monuments in Islamic Architecture” In 358 H. (969 A. D.) the Walls of Cairo were first built of sun-dried mud-bricks by Jawhar al-Sikilli for the Fatimide Capital of al-Mu‘izz, About eighty years later, in the reign of billah (480 H. = 1087 A. D.) a wall of stone was built round Cairo by Badr al-Gamaili, with gates named after Jawhar’s Bab el-Nasr and Bab el Futih on the northern side and Bab Zawilah ide, Each of the three gates consists of a solid storey and two bL for his appreciated co-operation. ‘The y aliph al-Mus\ gates, i on the southernEGYPTE PHARAONIQUE detail from a scene in sunk relief which was placed back to front during the construction of the Wall and so remained concealed for centuries. ‘The relief was intact except for the lower part which had been chipped away. The stone measures 52-49 cm. in length, 21-20 em. in height and 21 em, in depth. On it two royal attendants are represented deeply bowing side by side, to make due obeisance (in the presence of royally depicted on blocks to the right of this relief, or as a defile of men in a royal procession engaged in a civil festivai). Their backs are parallel to the ground, and their arms are held before them. ‘The two persons wear wigs hanging below the chin. The faces appear rather slim and wrinkled, and verge on portraiture with clear marks of age. The eyes and ears are well contoured. ‘The lips are somewhat fleshy and the chin fairly pointed. The arms and the lower legs are also attenuated, the fingers long and slender, with the tips curved backwards, The abdomen is swollen, with the navel over-emphasized. It is interesting to note that the left figure is more deeply incised and so more clearly represented and better preserved. Each of the two persons is clothed in a pleated kilt tied on the waist and reaching 2 little below the knees, with the front piece hanging down, Moreover, each wears a short-sleeved, pleated cape. It is remarkable that such an elaborate dress was common to upper servants and the nobility, ‘The fragment presumably belonged to a private tomb from the time of Akhenaten at On@), The composition is familiar, similar scenes, showing attendants of the Royal Family, occurring in the *Amarnah tombs. As to the state of preservation of the stela, the right person’s legs and arms are chipped. IV After the discovery of the above-mentioned block further investiga~ tion was made, resulting in the acquisition of more Pharaonic stones from the Wall and the buildings attached thereto (). upper ones. Cresweit, K. A. C., The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, Oxtord, 1951, pp. 161-96. () F (2) Some other inscribed fragments from other periods w and walls of the upper storey of the Wall : 62 ra list of Lhe Lemples of the Aten, see Breasren: L (1903), pp. 106-13. re built into the floorAKHENATEN AT HELIOPOLIS A fragment of ‘talatat’ made of sandstone and measuring 27.5 em. by 21 cm. was found on the battlement of the open corridor of the a. A limestone slab bearing the cartouches of Ramessés II (2) from a temple consecrated to Pth nb my¢t, Glwy?)....nfr term st wr(t)... In the floor of the Fig. 6. — Buock wrrn canrovenes or Ramessis II (Great Wall of Fatimide Cairo). corridor, Measurements : 1m. x 53 em. (Fig. 6) b, A painted limestone slab with a low relief showing six fat oxen jjw in two rows — led by a man depicted on a small scale, and three offering-bearers carry- ing “gum, resin” kmi (here written with one 7 and without f, ef. Wd. V 39) and “dates” bnit (bnrt) (2?) on the right-hand side of the stairway leading down to the Gourt of Law. Measurements : 79 em, x 60 em, c. A tomb (?) relief showing the left half of the deceased's torso with the left arm, belt and pleated kill with its front piece, and the words : fir st Hr di... “ht (2). Beside slab (b). Measurements: 83 em. x 68 em. 63EGYPTE PHARAONIQUE Fig. 8. — Brock suowine Arex nays (Great Wall of Fatimide Cairo) (facsimile) 64AKHENATEN AT HELIOPOLIS upper storey of the Wall between the Gate of Bab el-Nasr and that of Bab el-Futih. It bears a part of a scene (of offerings) in sunk relief showing at the upper left the sun-disk, the Aten, with five rays ex- tending down at an oblique angle (to the Royal Family, now lost, wor- shipping and offering to their god). A pair of cartouches containing the early forms of the name of the Aten at the upper right are followed by the epithet .... df hh (1) “eternally and for ever”, Below at the : (right) tin ‘nh wr ()... “the living Aten, great....”, (lef) @) “the Aten, lord of heaven and lord of earth,....” lower left itn nb pt, nb b,... (Fig. 7 and 8). It was probably a relief from a tomb whose provenience was Hélio- polis. Hassan S, K. Bary Annex I In October, 1957, while a certain contractor was digging the foundation of a polytechnic school at a depth of five metres, in an area familiarly called ‘Ar- du'l-Nacram’ (‘the Land of Ostriches’) and more preeisely in a parcel of land named ‘Antiky’s land’, inscribed fragments of limestone were obtained, pointing to the existence of a stone-buill tomb there. Sondages were, therefore, made in December, 1957 by the then Cairo and Gizah Inspectorate of Antiquities. Besides 50m. in length each, a small Candpic Jar of greenish blue faience was found; it bore a scene in black ink, representing Osiris seated and the Four Sons of Horus standing on a lotus flower. It belonged to Re-ms-sw-nbl arby, excavations revealed a limestone anthropoid sarco- phagus with the Judgment Hall of Osiris represented on one of its sides. AL Ahram daily, Thursday, January 2, 1958 and Monday, January 13, 1958. various monuments have been found in the course of digging the foundations of the School : On August 1th, 1958 a pottery vessel 1.30 m. in height, 90 em. in diam. and 2 cm. in thickness was found at a depth of two and a half metres. Among other inscriptions it bore the cartouche of King Siptah, Dyn. XIX (1208-1202 B. G.). It is interesting to note that the artisan's name, Sely, Was inscribed on it, although it had been damaged, probably because of the mention of the name of the god two mummified ostriches measuring ca ee 1 (1) Wb. 1 302.3. The epithet of the Aten following the cartouches of the god is usually d? cn dt hl, (2) See drawing by Norman de Garis Davies, The Tomb of the Vizier Ramose, London, 1941, showing the Palace Window of Appearances with Amendphis IV and Nefertiti leaning out while Ramose prostrates himself ; beside the rayed disk of the Aten the cartouches of the god with his epithets are inscribed. This epithet is sometimes written nb Snnt nb *Itn as one sees in the “Amarnah tombs. (3) The epithet may also be written nb pi, ) to be completed thus: m pr "Jin m ght Hn. 65EGYPTE PHARAONIQU Seth therein, Moreover, there were the names of three royal scribes: Wsr-mi-R his, Re-ms-sw, Wr-n-méc. ‘The vessel contained the bones of a child and those of a ram (2). Dept File, No. 4-7-53, pt 8. In June, 1960 and later, the following were the main objects found in the Nw part of the court-yard at a depth of about five metres : ‘a. Two alabaster ushebli-figurines ; One measured 32 em. in height and 9.5 em, in max. width; the other 31 em. in height and 8.5 cm. in width. Ibid. b. An alabaster vessel with a convex base, bearing the two cartouches of Ra- 11: (right) nb hwy, Wer-mgcl-Re-stp-n-R¢ and (lejl) nb bew, Re-ms-sw-mry- °Imn. 1°30 em, ; diam, at rim 17.5 em, c, An alabaster Lwo-handled yessel almost cylindrical in shape, with a limestone lid broken and restored anciently with gypsum. H. 27 em. ; diam, at rim 21 em. diam, of lid 17.5 em. Inscription on vessel : nzw-bily, Wsr-mgel- Re-sip-n-RC 3 23 RC Re-ms-sw-mry? Ima, di enh d LIX (1966), 190-93 4. An alabaster vessel similar to vessel No. 3. but smaller, with a limestone lid. H. 20 em. ; diam. at rim 13 em. ; diam. of lid 14 em. e. A plate of blue faience with decorations on its inner surface, H. 3 em.; diam. 1tem. f. An anthropoid sarcophagus with its lid made of limestone, belonging to a priest of Héliopolis. named Entifer. Measurements : Sarcophagus : 1, ea 2.13 m.; W. at feet 54 cm. ; H. at feet 34cm, Lid: L. ca 2.13 m.; W. at feet 54 em. ; H. at feet 30 cm. J. dE. 89662 In June, 1962, four tombs built of sun-dried briek, enclosed by a mud-brick 2. part of the court-yard. In them were found s, smashed pottery coffins, red- ware pottery and a number of faience amulets representing Sachmis, Amin, Bes and the udjat-eye. File 4-7/53. pt 10, report by M. Balbish, dated June 14th, 1962, To the S.-E. of those tombs two others were excavated but found plundered, Ibid., report dated June 2oth, 1962, Then six more tombs were discovered in Feb- ruary-March, 1964 south of the ‘Institute’ lab and east of its worshop. The tombs were built of limestone but were found almost entirely destroyed. The finds were mainly human skeletons, fragmentary pottery coffins, udjat-eyes, other amulets, searabs, beads and an inscribed table of offerings. File 4-7/53, pt 13, report dated March 20th, 1964. In June, 1966, in the southern part of Iskander Nakhlah Street a tomb was ex- cavated; it had two burial chambers. In the eastern chamber an inscribed an- thropoid sarcophagus made of red granite was found, while from the western cham- ber fragmentary pots and pottery ushebti-figurines were obtained. Ibid., pt 16, report by Nasif M. Hassan, dated July 19th, 1966. In January, 1971, thirteen tombs were discovered containing an inseribed pottery coffin, inscribed ushebli-tigurines, alabaster Candpic jars, alabaster vessels, amulets, beads (of necklaces) and gold and silver jewelry. Each tomb consisted of a shaft and two lateral burial chambers oriented E./W., closed by rough stones some of which were re-used inscribed fragments. On February 14th, 1971 a tomb was dug; it contained ten ushebli-figurines. ‘The skeleton of a little girl, too, was found buried at a depth of 60 em. with her gold ear-rings laid beside her. mes For vessels (b) and (c), see Mrssiya, Ann, Serv. wall, were excavated in the N. pottery ushebli-figurines, two small alabaster vas\ 66AKHENATEN AT HELIOPOLIS Aynex IL On the chest of the King’s torso in the Brooklyn Museum (58. 2) there are three sets of the two cartouches. See Cooney, J. D., Amarna Reliefs from Hermopolis in American Collections, Brooklyn, 1965, p. 102, No. 61a: “Temple Statue of Akhenaten” The names of the Aten were incised also on the bracelets and pectorals of his colossi discovered in the east of the Karnak Temple : ‘The colossi stood in his temple which he had built at Thebes before he moved northwards to found a new capital, Akhetaten, « In his letter dated February 7, 1971 to the Antiquities De- i partment, Mr Ray Smith, Director of the Akhenaten Temple Project, describes Akhenaten’s early life at Thebes thus : “Despite the diversion in the last week of January, our research increased substantially our knowledge of the temple at Karnak and the history of the first six years of Akhenaten’s reign, This new knowledge carries us forward in the same direction previously reported. It is clear that this king carried oul a mammoth amount of construction at Karnak before he moved to Amarna. In addition to building the Ra Herakhti Temple, it now seems possible that the Aten Temple consisted of two temples, one of the King, and the other of Nefertiti. There is also some evidence that he built a “Great Palace” at Karnak, This would not be surprising, as it would actually be remarkable if such an ambitious and active pharaoh would have been satisti the palace of his father. The information on Nefertiti is being uncovered at an astonishing rate. We have uncovered an emphasis on Nefertiti in the buildings from which the talatat came which is apparently e than that on the King. ‘This y of this reign, and is illustrating the extent to which greatel is rewriting the histoi the term “Amama Period’ represents a gross distortion of the relative im- portance of the two segments of this reign.” In relief work, too, three groups of the two carlouches were cut on the King’s torso intended for the names of the Aten but never inscribed. Coonsy, op. cil., p. 9, No. 4: “Offering Scene”. ‘The cartouches were imperfectly cut on the King's arms, ibid., pp. 17-8, No. 9: “Offering to the Aten”. On a stela of Gebel el-Silsilah, GavTuren, LR II, p. 346 (VID; L. D. UL 110i, Leonatx, Ann, Serv, IIL, p. 262, the King is said to be the First Prophet of the Aten about his sixth regnal year : Pio ie CE MyS ‘The Aten also appears on a boundary-stela of Tell el-“Amarnah thus : wen, op. cil., U1, p. 316 (IX); ef. ibid., p, 350 (XXIII): oS GIRL Gav" Ghikive| S=tyare) 67