Design of connections 4 Design of welded connection ‘Allowable stresses of welded connections: a-Butt weld: ‘The allowable stresses in butt weld depend on: ‘© Kind of stresses (compression - tension - shear) ‘© Quality of weld (good - excellent) Resa ‘Allowable Swesses ind of stresses Good weld Excelent weld Compression TOF TTF “Tension OTF 10K ‘Shear 10q Liq Where rR allowable compression stress ofthe member. R allowable tension sess =0.58F; is yield stresses q Allowable shear stresses: ots b Billet Weld Allowable stresses in fillet weld For all kinds of stresses (compression - tension - shear)= 0.2Fy For combined shear stress and normal stress = 1.1*0.2F. s size of weld aia min. size of weld = 4mm (buildings) = 6mm (bridges & dynamic loads) wanes hor Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Smar max. size of weld = thickness of thinner connected plates ie. If we are connecting 2 angles 70*7 back to back with a gusset plate of thickness 10 mm, Spa, = 7mm (minimum thickness) i size of weld Lie min, length of weld = bigger from 4xs or Sem Las max. length of weld = 70xs the effective required length of weld en #25 i | te id n subi ‘Simple joint: This occurs as in bolted connections, when the 2 members are of different sections, inclined or at field splice. Shear occurs when the force is parallel to the fillet weld ( sul! .S=) Assume size of weld s = tein oF take s = Smm =0.5 om Fi=F x ( FoF (£)=F-Fi Where F is the total force in the member Force = Area of weld * allowable stress aupes 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Allowable stress for shear is 0.2F,, where Fy is the ultimate stress of the metal used. We always use steel 37 with F, = 3.6 vem? Foree is either F, on the weld near the leg or F; on the other weld. The area is either s*1 if one angle or 2¢s*l if angles. From this equation we can get L Length of weld in first leg of angle = Iyyci = ——"1- +2. s Gx0IRF) Length of weld in second leg of angle = lame = Gene *2* ‘Where m is the number of shear planes m=1 -voneangle. (Single angle or star shape with half force) 'm = 2 -stwo angles. (Double angles back to back) Continuous joint: This occurs when the two chord members have the same cross-section and there is no field splice at this position. Fass = the bigger from (Fu Fea) oF (Fas * Cosa) 5 Bea ee GosXO2RE) Fi= Fas, ( Fi=Fan* (5) ly 2x8 5, =—A__+2x lanes = Gaya AD 5 For case of upper chord joint: ‘The welding is usually carried out as submerged welding Therefore the size of ‘weld for the part between the two angles is taken half the thickness of the gusset plate. ie s ae, So for upper chord always take s=Smm (half gusset plate) snaps 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 ‘Drawing rules of welded connections: “The welded connection isthe same as bolted connections in steps of drawing except that: ‘s Distance between edges of angles is 40mm instead of 20mm 'L 40mm gusset plate is either under the edge of the angle as in «The edge of the the submerged the lower chord or embedded between the angles in ‘weld of the upper chord. «The edge of the gusset plate may not be perpendicular tothe angle <4 & yh Re 2L55x*2 7 7 et 55x5 anaes 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 rugeted steel ore oSnm thick ‘+ The main shapes of gusset plats is as following (Same shapes are for upper or lower chord) A ifseparte ifcontionous cs ifseparte ifcontionous if-separte if contionous saspes inthe Lies Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Example 1: in the figure using fillet weld: Ton= 10" Steel used is steel 37 Solution: Joint (A): Simple joint ‘Assume size of weld = Smm Member! F=23t IL 80*80*8 ©=2.26cm F,=23 ( £226 ya 6st F,=23-165=65t 16s sna = 5 __ 4.20.5 = 23.9 em, 1=24 Lua = Gepayeara *2t05=23.9¢m, Take Li=24 om ——— 0.5= = Lou GapayeTeae +2705= 10.03 em, Take L= 11 em Member 2: F=19t JL 60%60*6 Fi=19( 29 y= 13.651 Fp= 19-1365 =5.35¢ 1365 = 0,5 = 19.96 = Lua Gap syp7y 1210-5 19.96=20 em 535 (2* 0.50.72) ete Loa = Member 3: F=10t JL ss*ss5 e=152em $2 Gs a 72at F, =10-7.24=2.76t eupes 2007-2008. Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 724 Lue Grosyo7) +280,5 = 11.06 em= 12em 276 2095 =. "4280.5 =1 Lan Gaara t20S “48 + 5+ 2005=6em Member 4: F=ast A 60%60%6 Fina s( S28 pmo Fee85-61 9 =24t pate 205 :072) tee aoso7m) (Or take F/2 = 8.5/2 4.25t and design as single angle, m=1 Joint (BY; Continuous Joint ‘Chord Member: Fey= 28-23 =5t rns (22H Lis +2905 =9.47= 10em Lana +2°05=43 => L1= 66m (min, length) 6t F536 =1at 2. = 10 = 5 mm (submerged wel Assume $= /c# = = 5mm (submerged weld) 36 420 hina Gea 5y07D old *05= E BrognTy 12705729 9 Lir6em Mem! F=7t — L 60*60%6 Fia7( S12 yas 04 Last Fra7s =20t raswes horao8 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 te 0.52 zl Lia GaoTy *205= 148m =15.06m 2 ae - Lam™ GROTH +2405 10m Example 2: Design the two connections shown in the figure using fillet weld: ® Ten=10™, sis constant for connection a Steel used is steel 37 Coe Solution: 32 Joint (A): Simple joint Since s is constant in the connection, so maximum size is the minimum thickness which is 5 mm for angle 55*5 Memberl: F=45t JL 80*80%8 e=2.26cm F.=45 ($228 ya323t sc 60%6 AaL 80s tt F,=45-323=12.7t 323 (2*05y02*3.6) me cclZ7 LTT ELEN) Member2: F=32t JIL 60*60% = 1.69 cm 6-169 Liver = = 44.94+240,5 = 45.9 cm, Take L1=46cm +280: 7.4.cm, Take L= 18cm F,=32( )=23t 6 F,=32-23=9t 23 Lue Ge9507H +2805 = 32.94 = 33 om s2apes 007-008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Fillet Weld subjected to Tension or compression: If the weld is subjected to tension or compression, the allowable stress is 0.2F, (exactly as in case of fillet weld subjected to shear). The fillet weld is subjected to tension or compression when a force perpendi 9 to the weld is acting, Example 5: Ils required to design the shown connection, given thatthe truss members are bolted to the gusset plate and the gusset plate is welded to the column ‘using fillet, Bolts used are pretensioned bolts M16 grade 10.9. (Py=3.16%) C16 La 37 1.58 taken 2 bolts. ‘The weld between gusset plate and column is as the shown shape in ‘which we weld on both sides of the gusset plate with area s*I each side. ‘The applied force is perpendicular to the weld, so the weld is ‘subjected to tension. Assume s=Smm (Tension force/Area resists force) s Allowable stress (F,) 243.6)-91 =13.9em > Mem Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Note: We will design the weld even if it is subjected to compression (_—S+ pou) Example 6: It is required to design the shown connection, given that the truss members are bolted to the gusset plate and the gusset plate is welded to the column using fillet. Bolts used are pretensioned bolts M16 grade 10.9. (P.=3.161) | 2L_70x7 [Se 6 ve ‘Solution: For the connection between the truss member and the gusset plate: 10 33.16 = 1.58 taken 2 bolts. ‘The applied force is perpendicular to the weld, so the weld is subjected to compression. Assume s=Smm (Compression force/Area resists force) < Allowable stress (F,) 5 (0.2°3.6)>1 = Tem lowes 20072008, Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Fillet Weld subjected to Combined Shear and Tension or Compression: If the weld is subjected to combined shear and tension or compression, the allowable stress is 1.140.2Fe . We get L weld by solving the eq VF8F 51.1 0.2Fu) Shear Tension or Compression Where f= Sn or Compression and q= Acct 00 Aekd in same iretion of shear force Example 7: It is required to design and draw the shown connection, given that the truss members are bolted to the gusset plate and the ‘gusset plate is welded to the column using fillet. Bolts used are rnon-pretensioned bolts MI6 grade 4.6. ‘The weld between the gusset plate and the column using fillet: ‘The weld is subjected to Tension T (perpendicular to weld) & shear Q (parallel to weld). From given forces of the upper chord and the diagonal, T=5.56t, 6.76 We get L of weld from this equation /7*+3q* <1.1(0.2F,) 10.72 586), 34 6%, C58) 430 Et8y =0.79 2091, BT 29.79 re I= 150m isnspca 001-2008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Do not forget to put dimensions on weld (I and s) and bolts (P and e). Example: For the shown figure, itis required to estimate a section for the tie and design and draw its connection to the column, given that the tie is bolted to the gusset plate using non-pretensioned bolts MI6 grade 4.6, while the gusset plate is welded to the column using fillet. 150 Estimation means choose from limits without check: VEF7F =8.5 m>5Sm_ use shear shaped .Given bolted to the gusset plate Tar0aseo teoroes 20072008, Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 Choose 60%6 > min 55*5 850. L 4=60 +8260 d=142cm=2a+1 =6.58em use 70*7 ‘We may also choose from } aw = Ee a=63 ox. used 7087 ‘© Design of connection between tie and gusset plate: axis? 201 73 bolts taken 4 bolts each side ‘© Design of connection between gusset plate and column: Weld is subjected to shear + tension (exactly as the case of bolts connected to column) © — with vertical tan * = 28° Q=15 c0s28=13.2t T=15 sin28=7.04¢ ‘We can assume | from drawing or Jf?+3q" <1.1 (0.2F.) 704s 132 49.56 , $2272 S22 =0.19 7 em waspca 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerDesign of connections 4 J 60; We can draw any shape to the connection of the truss to the column because its plate, while the not mentioned. (The truss may be welded or bolted to the gusset gusset plate also may be welded or bolted to the column, But the tie must be drawn as given in the question. w2sDe+ 12007-2008. Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Note that: The bracket can be either welded to column or welded to head plate, which is in tum bolted to column as shown in the figure. ca eT f ae ca ep in fy fat ¢ La late ‘ aah 4 Fillet tet raert| | ee! | Design Steps: Dim of Weld. +4 Be Assume size of weld | S=... Syiq=4 mm for static load GaP ee 6mm for dynamic load oa Sas tn 1 Bam Lx 's for momel maxi j Weld S| || size of weld because its critical = hye 08 xb M bar =br bya 04 x br Calculate the C.G. of Weld. an Dake Fe DAele Ro Ree Yo Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 ‘Moving the load from its point of application to the C.G. of weld. myst, Yeu eT | a eo ce = bec a T=P., Q= », M=(Q)xeq+Txe) © Distribution of T, Qy and M on weld. ii, Effect of Bending moment M. ‘The total weld will be subjected to a diff Bending stress resulting from M the bending moment. foxy Ix iii, Effect of T. Twill cause tensile stress on total weld * f= —7— ‘* Mechanical properties of weld. T- Ania =4 by2 XS+2 byt XS +2 byeusX S 2 Ay =2 has xS 3 SM eta : A+, A Ss +2x byt xSx( $ YP eddy Sx ty 3)? 2N6-E.C2 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Check the critical points of weld. ie ” |a-y Boint 1" Hz weld" ' Stresses at Shearstress: q1=0 no effect of Q, on Hz weld a ‘Shear stress: Re igs ff < 11902F,=1.1029.6=079 ten? a vathe 1- We increase h to increase the weld length by adding a stiff of length 10cm and thickness 10mm se of weld wile 0mm a) an ar. n cate we an add. ibe better asthe weld wil roma smmetie "CG. the same" cll == all Fcc ta y al noe Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Examole |= Its required to design the shown connection using Fillet weld. "between head pl and Bracket” Given:- P= 1.0 ton, Py = 10 ton Col. Section .P.E 500 Bracket Beam LP.E 300 Col. IPE it s L at hag “I TPESO # gcc. of welt 300 Design Steps: ane 1-Dim of Weld. im ‘Assume size of weld S= 8mm =0.8 em [| 7] ¥ hue “0.8 x h=0.8 x 30=24 cm xe biys70.8 x haut 0.8 x 7.5 =6em ‘Te i by2 “0.4 x br=0.4 x 15 =6 cm 2s date 2-Caleulate the C.G. of bolts arrangement. As weld is symmetric so C.G. of bracket is C.G. of weld. 4G-E.C2 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 3- Moving the load from its point of application fo the C.G. of weld. T=P.=10ton,Q =P, = 10ton M.=(Q) x e+ Tx6,)= 10% 0.33 + 1.0 x (0.55 +0.15)=4.00 mt 4- Mechanical properties of weld. 1+ Anr= 8 bu2X S44 bys S-42 hyaax S=8 x6x08+4x6x08+2%24%0.8 = 96 om? 2+ Aaa = 2 bugdX S44 bys x S=2 x24 x 0.844 x6x 0.8 = 57.6.0m™ ossae ae 30_1 97-28, 30 446208 (221.07 -28) 4460822 08<2—107-98 a 3047, 2 al points of weld. a 20.8 +4x6x08% HF 0.84 46408%¢ 5-Cheek the e In this case we only have | critical point "in VI weld” to be checked, as it is subjected to shear, tension and max effect of bending (the most far point from N-A) = 40%100 16719 Resultant: Ri =\3¢ +p = (3x0.173 4052" =0.60<0.2x1.1x3.6=0.792 vem® Safe SI6-EC2 2007-2008, Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Example? cot (PE Y_soo For the shown figure: Ties Design the weld between bracket and column given that 1450 ‘The bracket is IPE 500. If the weld is unsafe suggest a = 4 suitable solution and design it 00 P,=32.28t |_sees0q | | Pa25t Solution: 1-Dim of Weld. Use max size of weld because there are no Col. IPE 2.28. stiffeners 2.5 450 h=0.8*50=40cm J 2- Mechanical properties of weld. Pasi =| Ar 10*1.6)* 2 +4 * (8*1.6) + (40%1)*2 = 195.2 em? Av =40*1*2 =80.cm? 1, =2* (1940 3/12) +4#(8*1.6) * (25 - 1.6 - 1.6/2" +2*(20*1.6)*(25+1.6/2) = 79418 cm* 3- Moving the load from its point of application to the C.G. of weld. Q=32.281,T=25t M=32.28 * 0.5 +25 * (0.45 +0.5/2)= 17.89 a-% 4-Check the critical points of weld. ot Here we have 2 points. The first is subjected to maximum moment | = stresses but no shear, while the second is affected with both shear. §? wor and moment el | tat, GNG-EC2 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 5 st8) = 2 953 * gona yt 18) = 0.61 tem? < 0.72 vem? Point 2: 25, 1789%100 , 40 _ 2 195. 79418 2 0.46 vere f= 0.4 vem R= Vos? +3*04? =0.84 tem?> 1.1*0.2*3.6=0.79 vem? Unsafe Ba To be symmetric, we can use 2 stiffeners, 10 em each with thickness \ al 10cm and recheck as previous example l= 1, =2* (1403/12) + 4*(8*1.6) * (25- 1.6- 1.6/2) + 50 | x aK 49(8°1.6)"(25+1.672)' +4* + 8e2210-49?= 110340.7 em" 2H] oo Check point 1 only: han, [Critical because point 1 is subjected to max moment, Tension as all points and shear as all verticals] = 2S, 17896 (50 yy) = 2 f= ana * Tossa 7 *10) =058 lem _ 3228 2 n= B= 0,29 vem’ R= Voss? +3*029? =0.76 Yom*<0.79 vem’ Ok safe TAGE.C2 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Examples: ‘ot. TPE Ysa For the shown figure: | ee Design the weld between bracket and column given that the | 450 crane girder is HEB 450 and the erane girder supports a —- # crane of 2 wheel loads 15 t each spaced 2m. The spacing 500 between frames is 6m. The bracket is IPE 500. If the weld is 1eesoq | | unsafe suggest a suitable solution and design it. 2.28 t St 1- Dim of Weld. SEN gy lle 9 pupa CHS ISI ISA any ane Sy = 10 mm, $= 16 mm, br = 20cm, yaw be =0.4*20=8 cm h=0.8*50=40cm gir = 0.8 x 10 = 8 cm 2- Mechanical properties of weld. Ay = 248 +2%40 = 96 cm? Ar =96 +6*8*1.6 + 20*1.6 = 204.8 cm? 5 = 2otbsross2eBr16 (49492452494 2740"266+ 278° 676) 28.2 em 1, = 20*1.6*(28.8-0.8)' + 2*8* 1.6[(28.8- 4)" + (28.8- 49.2) + (28.8- 52.4)'] + 2*40*(28.8- 52.4)’ + 2*89(57.6- 28.8) + 2*87/12 + 2*40°/12 = 90155 cm* 3- Moving the load from its point of application to the C.G. of weld. Me 32.28%0.5 +2.5(0.45+0,5-0.266) = 17.85 mt (We can take moment as if e.g. is at mid height) BNG-EC2 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 2 Q=32.281,T-2.5t Cheeks: check on point I only 18s 25 2 #334425 0.67 vem sors 24+ 3ong “9% 3228 2 a= 38 = 0:34 vem R= ¥o67? +3034? = 0.89 veem™> 0.79 vem? Use another stiffener 'No need to check point 2 because F 0.2x Fu 1- We increase height of bracket to increase the weld length and recheck. 2 Or increase S up to Sa and recheck, where Say = Sua t= Examplel: + B Ti = Ny i ‘aes BFIB ie 360 ee =20mm Tid Hl 1 ee | bop i +.4 a iy i tl Bracket | pldte 14mm | For the shown figure, it is required to design the shown connection:- 1- Using non-Pretension bolts M16 grade "8.8". 2- Using Pretension bolts M16 grade "8.8". 3+ Using fillet weld. Given:- Col. Section 2¢ 350 Bracket pl. 14mm. 17.85 t =136t rneec3 207-2008 Scanned with CamScannerEccentric Connections 3 3- Using fillet weld. «Dim of Bracket plates. Assume h= 1.0 xd=1 x 400 = 400 mm ‘+ Dim of Weld. Assume size of weld S= 10 mm byeu@br- 2S = 10-2 =8 em eel a.925t hyuth - 28 = 40-2 = 38 em [ys2a—|_o.eer y = \ sal 22, -| | bol | i 1 i f ci. af Brbcket pide Laan 30 | met ie ‘© Moving the load from its point of application to the C.G. of weld. Qu = Ps /2= 1.36 /2 =0.68 ton, Q, =P, /2= 17.85 /2= 8.925 ton M,=(Q, x ex +Px x 6) = 8,925 x (0.2 + 0.3) + 0.68 x (0.36 + 0.02 + 0.40 /2) = 4.86 mt Mecha I properties of weld. Agne= 4 Bucs x S=4x 1.0 x 8 =32 cm? BA oo huke= ica? Keon Pe Ann = 2 hye ¥ S=2 x 1.0 x 38 =76 om x eee | Fy Sh 6 Ax bay SHE C.G. 2 a 2 = 1x38? + cpr | oot 4x adx Sth = 22593 em Uo mal Tym dete Ay x P42 ty «SLES yt y 10/16-6.C.3 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScannera Eccentric Connections 3 Les 40+1 5 +4xexixe 1, = 61902 ent 10) 42 38x 1x( ‘© Check the critical points of weld. int 1" Hz. weld" Point : Shear stress at 1 Shear stress at 2 1- X direction 1+ Xirection qu=H+F; 68, 486 “a aso ~Gevsois * G00" 2 ‘2- Y direction Qy = V+ Fy = LE +: m Tp 8.925 486, 40, Oe At = 0.282 Resultant Resultant Rin deve NOW OS = 0.234 <0.2.x3.6=0.72 tem™ 0.32 <0.2x 3.6=0.72 vom* Safe Safe UuneEC3 2007-2008 Scanned with CamScanner