Frequency Modulation Questions Latest Frequency Modulation MCQ Objective Questions & India's #1 Learning Platform Ree ee cet Start Complete Exam Preparation eee oes es sme. jownload App Ex. Question 1: View this Question Online > The appropriate value of modulation index B for transition between narrow band and wide band FM is considered as: 1, 0.150 2. 0.471 3. 0.271 4. 0.015 Answer (Détaileq Solution Below) WByorzvourcoaching govt. exams Under One Roof cae Te oad Frequency Modulation Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept: Narrow-Band Frequency Modulation (NBFM): + For NBFM, the modulation index (8) is less than 1. + NBFM has a smaller bandwidth and spectrum consisting of aicarrier, upper sideband, and lower sideband. + This system is used in FM mobile communications suchvas policewireless, ambulances, taxicabs, etc. * Figure of Merit for NEEM Wide-Band Frequency Modulation (WBFM): 2 + For WBFM, the modulation index (B) is greater than 1. + WBFM has a large bandwidth and spectrum consisting of a carrier and infinite number of sidebands. + The total power is independept pf the modulation index. * Figure of Merit for WBFM = 2°" Calculation: For FM system, NBFM offers improved noise performance over WEFM when 38° > j8 > V278 0.471 Hence, f = 0.471 is defined as the transition between narrow band FM and wide band FM.India's #1 Learning Platform Re ete Start Complete Exam Preparation oe Practice Clifoete serine Cee Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > NBFM bandwidth is i Te fey 2. 2 fm 3. 2fm (B+ 1) 4. fp (B+ 1) Answer (Delailed)Sélution Below) Option? : 2 fm Frequency Modulation Question 2 Detailed Solution The bandwidth of NBFM is 24m © adit The bandwidth of different passband modulation schemes is as shown: ional InformationModulation Scheme Bandwidth ASK and PSK 2R, (Same as baseband BW) FSK fs + 2Ry where fy is the higher cut-off frequency, fL is the lower cut-off frequency, DSB-FC & DSB-SC 2fm Where fm is the frequency of the message signal. SSB-SC VSB-SC where f, is the vestige frequency NBFM (f > 4) WBEM (f < 1) 2Fn 2fn(1 + BA) Where ff is the modulation index of WEFM, given by Br = Af/fm, where Af is the frequency deviation. PM M- array PSK 2nlt + Bo) Where Bp is the modulation index cof pm, given by By = Kp * Am, here Kene is amplitude sensitivity of PM signal, Am is the amplitude of message signal. 2R,/n Where n is the number of bits. M— array QAM For rectangular pulse, 2R,/n For raised cosine signal, Ro(1 + a)/n, where a is the roll-off.ra eee anu Beil Start Complete Exam Preparation Coir coi rao ented fw] eee Us} Mastercl Question Bank Download App ameter) Question 3: View this Question Online > Which of the following statements is true for FM? 1. Carrier power increases with increase in modulation level. incF@ase in modulation level. 2. Carrier power decreases with 3. Carrier power incréases with'decrease in modulation level. x‘ povier Is independent of the modulation level. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Carrier power is independent of the modulation level. Frequency Modulation Question 3 Detailed Solution Analysis: The amplitude A; is constant in @ phase-modulated or a frequency-modulated signal. RF power does not depend upon the modulation index. A general expression for a phase or frequency-modulated signal is: $(t) = A,coslact + g(kz, m(E))] m(}) = the modulating signal w; = Carrier frequency ky becomes ke for FM and kp for PM. The average power (P.,..) is given by:_” Paog = SS (always) We observe that the transmitted A: \ Bp mportant Point Transmitted power in AM is given by: P.=P, (1 + 8) Pc = Cartier Power independent of the modulation index in case of FM. -. We conclude that If the modulation index increases, transmitted power increases in case of AM and is unchanged for FM. Ee APE Bartel) Start Complete Exam Preparation Drees Daily Live ore oer Question Bank Download App Question 4: View this Question Online > If fm is modulating frequency and mg is modulation index, then by the Carson's rule, the bandwidth of an FM signal at the input of a conventional discriminator will be: 1.2 frof 7 2. 2 fm (m;-1) Hz 3. fn (@my +1) Hz 4. fp (2my-1) Hz Answer (Detailed Solution Below)Option 1: 2 Tm (m¢ +1) Hz Frequency Modulation Question 4 Detailed Solution The number of sideband Bo upper) considered is (1 + B). Since sidebands are separates by message signal bandwidth £m, The bandwidth taken by sidebands on one side of carrier is (1 + 8)fm, Considering both sidebands, the band width comes to be 2(1 + 8)fm, eRe amen Peete ey Start Complete Exam Preparation (aye ose dlieey pr Reece Question Bank Jownload App Question 5: View this Question Online > An FM signal is given as: S(t) = 20cos (2m ft + 1000 Si.m(A)2a) Where m(t) is shown in the figure given below. 4 m(t) a 5V as -2| -1| of a] al al-- -10V Itis given that carrier frequency (f,) is 1000kHz. Then calculate the value of instantaneous frequency (f) att = 1.5 sec and the peak frequency deviation (61) of the above FM signal. ~ ¥ =998.407 MHz , 5f = 5000\m Hz2. f =99.8407 kHz , 6f = 5\m kHz 3. f =0.998407 MHz, Sf = 5\rtkHz 4, f =998.407 kHz , Sf = 50\m kHz Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: f, =0.998407 MHz, 5f = Sit kHz Frequency Modulation Question 5 Detailed Solution Concept: Standard expression of FM signal S(t) = Accos (2mf.t-+ ky J*,,m(A}da) Instantaneous frequency (f, in Hz) lire Be Where 0; = 2a fet + hy f* m(A)dr From the standard expression Oo oe x if = Hellou S Peak frequency deviation: 6/ = 2 ke Calculation: Given; S(t) = 20 cos (2mft+ 1000 Sicom(A)2) f= 1000 kHz fi AM =Ue+ ome) at t= 1.5 sec; m(t) = -10 fi= dM: = (1000 kHz + 190) ) = 998.407 kHz = 0.998 MHz Peak frequency deviation: Im(t)lou 05/m kHz Top Frequency Modulation MCQ Objective Questions Ea Tee Start Complete Exam Preparation eGo an Acoma if ei eed bed rece Cresieai rs Download App Question 6 View this Question Online > Frequency curve is 1, Asymptotic to y-axis 2. Non-asymptotic to x-axis 3. Asymptotic to x-axis 4, None Gf.these) “ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Asymptotic to x-axis Frequency Modulation Question 6 Detailed Solution The correct answer is Asymptotic to the x-axis. © Key Points + A Frequency curve is a graph of frequency distribution where the line is smooth. + It is just like a frequency polygon. + In the polygon is line is straight, but in the curve the line is smooth. + Itis an area diagram. + Itis the graphical representation of frequency distribution. . The ¥-ayie Rese ee ae. Cr rca aca+ The Y-axis is marked with frequencies. + The beginning and end of the curve should touch the last class interval at the mad posts of the first and last interval. + The area of the curve is equal to that of a histogram. + The frequency curve is divided into 3 types based on the shape ofthe curve. + They are Normal distribution curves. = Positively skewed distribution curve = Negatively skewed distribution curve. Symmetrical Frequency Curve Frequency oN RO 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Class Boundaries CER ARES Re lal Sar Lee Start Complete Exam Preparation ic) ‘Question 7 View this Question Online > The frequency deviation produced in a VHF carrier by a signal of 100 Hz is 50 KHZ. The frequency modulation index is 1, 100 radians 2. 250 radians 3. 500 radians4, 750 radians Answer “ge “ye fequency Modulation Question 7 Detailed Solution Concept: In FM (Frequency Modulation), the modulation index is defined as the ratio of frequency deviation to the modulating frequency. Mathematically, this is defined as 4s my= 9 m, = Modulation index a = Frequency deviation fn = Modulating frequency Calculation: Given Af = 50 kHz fn = 100 Hz 0 kHz ™ = S908 m, = 500 radians > “BL Important Point Awave has 3 parameters Amplitude, Phase, and Frequency. Thus there are 3 types of modulation techniques. ‘ Amplitude Modulation: The amplitude of the carrier is varied according to the amplitude of t oO message signal. a . @ Frequency Modulation: The frequency of the carrier is varied according to the a e message signal. Phase Modulation: The Phase of the carrier is varied according of the message signal. xe? ationPhase Modulation ee a Ie amc a Telia DOCS cay Start Complete Exam Preparation ocd (oa} Mock Tests ion Banke Es Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > Foster Seeley discriminator uses a 1. Single tuned circuit 2. Double tuned circuit with primafy afid Secondary tuned to the different frequency th primary and secondary tuned to the same frequency 4g ‘a these Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Double tuned circuit with primary and secondary tuned to the same frequencyFrequency Modulation Question 8 Detailed Solution Explanation: Foster Seeley discriminator: * Discriminator circuits can generate electrical output directly proportional to the frequency deviation from the unmodulated RF carrier frequency. + The simplest circuit could be a balanced slope detector. + It makes use of two resonant circuits; one off-tuned to one side of unmodulated RF Carrier > frequency and the other off-tuned to the other side of it IF Output Transformer Outpat from limiter resenners nf + Another class of FM detectors known as Quadrature detectors uses a combination of two Quadrature signals. + The Most commonly used FM detectors namely the foster-Seeley FM discriminator and the ratio detector operates on the principle of quadrature. Foster Seeley discriminator is used in the demodulation of FM signal and it uses a double- tuned circuit with primary and secondary tuned to the same frequency. India's #1 Learning Platform OR eer Start Complete Exam Preparation Pea oes Derg resin og Gases Doerr open Download App Question 9 Vitis Coestion Ooline > Which is true in a frequency modulated system ? 1. Variation of carrier amplitude does not attect quality of reception2. Amplitude of cartiéris Varied according to modulating signal 3 Ae does not require line of sight between transmitter and reciever 4. Receiver uses diode detector Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Variation of carrier amplitude dees not affect quality of reception Frequency Modulation Question 9 Detailed Solution Frequency Modulation: + Frequency Modulation is a modulation in which the frequency of the carrier wave is altered according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, keeping phase and amplitude constant. + So, the variation in carrier mplitude and caffier phase does not affect the signal in the receiving end. ) + Line of sight (LoS) is 2 type of propagation that can transmit and receive data only where transmit and receive stations are in view of each other without any sort of an obstacle between them. Eg: Fi radio, microwaye, and satellite transmission. + Frequency Modulation on the Line of sight propagation. Types of FM detection: + Slope detection + Phase-locked loop detection + Foster Seeley detection + Ratio detector * Quadrature detectors. Fd ieee anu Beet Start Complete Exam Preparation ea ss! i Daly Live jie clic Des cieloy Cresteacg Px)Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Automatic gain control is used 1. To maintain the tuning ‘Correct “" the volume of loud passages of music “3. To increase the amplification at high frequencies 4, To maintain the seme volume of the output when stations of different strength are received Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: To maintain the same volume of the output when stations of different strength are received Frequency Modulation Question 10 Detailed Solution AGC (Automatic Gain Control): + Automatic gain control (AGC) works in FM radio transmitter/receiver that maintains Automatié controlling of weak and strong signals which is received by the radio receiver. + The automatic frequency control voltage of the FM transmitter VCO is DC voltage, + AGC maintains a constant level of the output signal based on the received signal nature, i.e. it maintains the same volume of the output when stations of different strengths are received. A" + AGC adjusts the gain of RF and IF amplifiers according to need. + AGC can handle problems like overloading and fading in the feceivetin" 77 ~’ ‘Antenna RF IF , Output *| Amplifier Amplifier | | Detector Signal ~ +1 Local Oscillator AGC Block diagram for AM radio receiver with AGC unit block Pee aera Start Complete Exam Preparation CRE Rr ecto ea oad Dag eres st eau Ga ES Download App Question 11 View this Question Online > In FM modulation, when the modulation index increases, the transmitted power is 1. Increased 2. Decreased 3. Unchanged 4 " these Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Unchanged Frequency Modulation Question 11 Detailed Solution Analysis: The amplitude A; is constant in phase-modulated or a frequency modulated signal. RF power does not depend upon the modulation index. Ageneral expression for a phase or frequency modulated signal is: o(t) = A,coslo,t + g(k,, m(t))]m(t) = the modulating signal w, = Carrier frequency ky becomes ke for FM and kp for PM. The average power (Pa) is given by: i Paug = 3 (always) We observe that the transmitt x independent of the modulation index in case of FM. Transmitted power in AM is given by: P,=P, (1+ 2) P, = Cartier Power -. We conclude that If the modulation index increases, transmitted power increases in case of AM and is unchanged for FM. & eS Ee APU Beret) Car nero Start Complete Exam Preparation Gees one pee Co eres aa Ga Doster Download App ‘Question 12 View this Question Online > Ina frequency modulation system, maximum frequency deviation allowed is 1000 Hz and modulating frequency is 1 kHz. Determine modulation index B. 2. 2000 4. 1000Answer oes Frequency Modulation Question 12 Detailed Solution Concept: In FM (Frequency Modulation), the modulation index is defined as the ratio of frequency deviation to the modulating frequency. Mathematically, this is defined as: At m= 5 m, = Modulation index Af = Frequency deviation fr = Modulating frequency Calculation: Given Af = 1000 Hz = 1 kHz fp = 1 KHZ LkH2 mE Important Point techniques. Awave has 3 parameters Amplitude, Phase, and Frequency. Thus there are 3 types of ne Amplitude Modulation: The amplitude of the carrier is varied according to the am, ofthe message signal. Frequency Modulation: The frequency of the carriers varied i eis litude of the message signal. Phase Modulati signal. The Phase of the carrier is varied é amplitude of the message Any ‘Modulation Frequency ModulationNe NEB. Phase Modulation & India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation iets Fated a Coals Download App Question 13 Choose the incorrect statement regarding FM - 1, It has large number of sidebands. 2. Its modulation indexis alwaysiless than 1 a" that of AM. 4. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2:: Its modulation index is always less than 1 Frequency Modulation Question 13 Detailed Solution CCC Dan oS » View this Question Online > + The FM sidebands are dependent on both the level of frequency deviation and the'ffequency of the modulation. + The total FM spectrum consists of the carrier, plus an infinite number of sidebands spreading nit on cathev cide of the carries af Intec Tailtinies al the nodule ac chiar:| XO? = 5 |... . “Tig MR fe fn 2h, Sf, fy + The parameters for the FM sidebands are determined by a formula using Bessel functions of the first kind. * In FM, modulation index for wide Band FM is greater than 1 and for Narrow Band FM, it is less than 1. (option 2 is incorrect) + B.W. required in AM is = 2fm. Hence, less bandwidth is required in case of AM and the bandwidth required in case of FM is 2(8 + 1}fmp, Therefore, the bandwidth required is more in FM as compared to AM, India’s #1 Learning Platform ORE Seo Start Complete Exam Preparation ates Cie Clears Download App Question 14 ‘View this Question Online > The four basic elements in a PLL are loop filter, loop amplifier, VCO and 1. Up converter 2. Down converter’ 3. MByeecor 4. Frequency multiplier Answer (Detailed Solution Below)Option 3: Phase detector Frequency Modulation Question 14 Detailed Solution + A phase-locked loop is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. + The circuit can track an input frequency or it can generate a frequency that is.@/Wultiple of the input frequency. + The basic elements of a PLL ci controlled oscillator (VCO). uit are phase comparator/detector, a loop filter, voltage The figure shows a schematic of a phase-locked loop: Reference VCO sianal for. frequency _ pha l RF signal F output Reference} — ees l £ |_——+> oscillator Error voltage Loop filter India’s #1 Learning Platform Pela eC CM ei mere yl Lica) aCe en Coie ice isi rece Download AppQuestion 15 \View this Question Online > What is the modulation index in a frequency mot nal with a modulating frequency of 500 Hz and frequency deviatior : Ke Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 20 Frequency Modulation Question 15 Detailed Solution Concept: In FM (Frequency Modulation), the modulation index is defined as the ratio of frequency deviation to the modulating frequency. Mathematically, this is defined as: as te my: m, = Modulation index Af = Frequency deviation fm = Modulating frequency Calculation: Given Af = 10 kHz fn = 500 Hz my = WEE = 20 Important Point co & Awave has 3 parameters Amplitude, Phase, and Frequency. Thus there are 3 types techniques. Amplitude Modulation: The amplitude of the carrier is varied xtgo hd nrc of the— Frequency Modulation: The frequency of the carrier is vari % to the amplitude of the message signal. Phase Modulation: The Phase of the oor according to the amplitude of the message signal. Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Phase Modulation