unit seven Reading The Prince and the Judge PART ONE An Arab prince had heard that in a certain town there was a judge who was very clever in discovering the truth. The prince wished to test the ability of the judge personally, and so he disguised himself as a merchant and set out for the town on his horse. Near the town where the judge lived, a beggar came up to the prince and asked him for money. The prince gave him some money, but as he was about to continue on his way the beggar stopped him again. “What more do you want of me?” asked the prince. “Can't you let me ride with you on your horse as far as the town?” asked the beggar. “It is difficult for me to walk even though it is a short distance.” The prince therefore let the beggar sit behind him on the horse and together they rode into the center of town. “Here we are,” said the prince at last. “You can get off here.” “Why should I get off the horse if the horse is mine?” said the beggar. ‘You get off or I will call the police.” As the two men continued to argue, a crowd gathered, and finally someone suggested that they go to the judge and let him settle the case. They went before the judge but had to wait their turn. There were other cases ahead of them. A well-educated man and an ignorant farmer were both claiming the same servant. After hearing them both, the judge said, “Leave the woman here and come back tomorrow.” ‘The next) case concerned a butcher and a man who sold oil. The butcher said, “I went to this man’s store to buy some oil, and when I took out my money he grabbed it and tried to take it from me.” “The man is lying,” said the man who sold oil. “He came to buy some oil and asked me to change a gold piece for him, and60 when I took out my money he tried to take it from me. I grabbed his hand, and together we have come to you to decide the case.” “Leave the money here,” said the judge, “and come back tomorrow.” Next came the prince and the beggar. Each one told his story, and each one said that the horse was his. After hearing them both, the judge said, “Leave the horse here and come back tomorrow.” The next day many people came to hear the judge’s decisions, When the educated man and the ignorant farmer appeared, the judge said to the educated man, “The woman is yours. Take her with you. The farmer will be given fifty blows with a whip as punishment.” Next, he called the butcher. “The money is yours. The seller of oil is a thief and will be punished.” Comprehension . What was the judge in the story famous for? . What did the Arab prince decide to do? Why? . Whom did he meet along the way? . What did the beggar ask the prince for? . What happened when they reached the center of town’ . What did they decide to do about their case? Explain the case involving the servant. Explain the case involving the butcher. ). What did the judge decide in these two cases? ). What did the judge tell the prince and the beggar? Serna pene PART TWO After settling the first two cases, the judge turned to the prince and the beggar. He asked both of them if they could recognize. the horse among many others, Both said that they could. The judge then took them, one at a time, to a stable where there were many horses. Each of them recognized the horse without difficulty. When they returned, however, the judge said to the prince, “Take the horse. It is yours.”61 ‘The judge then ordered that the beggar be given fifty blows with a whip. Later, the prince went to see the judge. “Aren't you satisfied with the decision?” asked the judge. “Certainly,” said the prince, “But I am Prince Baukas, and I came here in order to test your ability because I had heard of you very often. But can you tell me how you decided each of these cases?” “I called the servant of the educated man this morning,” said the judge very simply, “and told her to fill my ink bottle with ink. She took the ink bottle, cleaned it carefully, and then filled it with ink—all within a few minutes and very well. Clearly, such work was not new to her. If she had been the servant of the ignorant farmer, she would not have been able to do such work so expertly. “As concerns the money of the butcher, I placed the money in water, and this morning I looked to see whether there was any indication of oil on the water. If the money had belonged to the man who sells oil, the money would have shown marks of the oil with which, as I had noticed, his hands were covered. “The case of the horse was a little more difficult. I knew that both of you would be able to recognize the horse, but I wanted to find out which one of you the horse would recognize. When you went to the stable, I saw that the horse turned his head to look at you. When the beggar approached the horse, the horse raised one foot and looked in the other direction indifferently. Thus I knew the horse belonged to you.” ‘The prince wished to pay the judge something. “Nothing that you could give me would be worth the satisfac- tion of having decided the cases fairly,” said the judge. “I only hope that in the future God may always help me in my work to see equally well the path of truth.” Comprehension 1, Where did the judge take the prince and the beggar, one at a time? Why? 2, What happened when they got to the stable? 3, To whom did the judge award the horse? 4, Why did the prince go to see the judge later?5. How did the judge decide the case of the servant? 6, How did the judge decide the case of the butcher? 7. What had the horse done when the prince entered th, ry 10. Conversati stable? . What had the horse done when the beggar entered th stable? . How did the prince wish to reward the judge? What was the judge’s response to this offer? ion and Vocabulary A. Conversation 1 What is a disguise? Have you ever disguised yourself? 2. What are some reasons why people might want t)- disguise themselves? 3. What is a beggar? Are there any beggars in your neigh.. borhood? What do they look like? 4, What do you think of the judge’s methods for deciding, cases? 5. Why do you think the judge refused the offer of money from the prince? B. Vocabulary Nouns Verbs Adjectives ability merchant approach educated beggar oil argue ignorant blows path disguise personal butcher punishment grab gold satisfaction recognize Adverbs indication __ stable expertly ink whip indifferently C. Expressions Use each of these expressions in a sentence. settle a case, wait one’s turn, one at a time, be satisfied with, be about to do something, in the other direction | | |63 D. Pronunciation Drill as in too, ten, sit ten too water went shirt tie time writing ate foot try bitter put heat fast travel letter sit melt get Grammar Review The Perfect Continuous Tenses a. The present perfect continuous tense describes an action which began in the past and continues up to the present. We form the present perfect continuous tense by placing have been or has been in front of the present participle of the verb. Singular Plural Thave been working we have been working you have been working you have been working he she } has been working they have been working it b. The past perfect continuous tense describes an action continuing up to the time of the past tense verb of the sentence. We form the past perfect continuous tense by placing had been in front of the present participle of the verb. Singular Plural Thad been sleeping we had been sleeping you had been sleeping you had been sleeping he she } had been sleeping they had been sleeping it c. The future perfect continuous tense describes an action that. will have been continuing up to some future time. We form the future perfect continuous tense by placing will have been64 in front of the present participle of the verb. Singular Plural I will have been writing we will have been writing you will have been writing you will have been writing he she it | will have been writing they will have been writing d. Present perfect continuous questions are formed by placing have or has before the subject. Negatives are formed by placing not between have/has and been. Past perfect contin- uous questions are formed by placing had before the subject; negatives are formed by placing not between had and been. Future perfect continuous questions are formed by placing will before the subject; negatives are formed by placing not between will and have. Have you been working? No, I haven’t been working. Had she been working? No, she hadn't been working. Will they have been working? No, they won't have been working. Exercises A. Change these sentences from the simple perfect tense to the perfect continuous tense. 1, Serpe en They have lived there for many years. (They have been living there for many years.) . I had studied my history when you arrived. . She will have read the newspaper when we get there. . You have read that book. . IL haven’t taught for over a year. ;. She hadn’t lived with her sister for many years when I met her. . How long have you lived there? How long had you worked in your garden when it started to rain?65 B. Change these present perfect continuous sentences first to past perfect continuous, then to future perfect continuous sentences, Change or add words as necessary to complete the meaning. PAPARwH She's been studying English for two years. (She'd been studying English for two years when we met her. She will have been studying English for two years by next week.) I've been reading that book. They've been working on that job. . Jennifer's been studying for her German exam. . Heather's been writing a letter to her friend. Pat has been driving her new car. . Andy has been talking to his sister. . Tom and Pam have been dancing at the club. C. Change these affirmative statements to questions, then give negative answers to them. lL eae ex She had been waiting long when they arrived. (Had she been waiting long when they arrived? No, she hadn't been waiting long when they arrived.) . She had been reading her history book when he called. He had been working here for two years. She’s been living here for seven months. Karen had been sleeping when we called. . He'll have been studying English for tive years by next June. ‘They will have read the report by the time she gets here. . Dan will have been in Germany for four years when they get there.