315 Module 1 CH 1

&T+`!% (`+!
1
X@ _
(`+!!X0`/;*%
..9 #)-5?9 P82 >& .>= 07 72z< K 38"z+

5:Z2 9393;r~ 5=p39=4?.5'8:6 9&52q.=6.
=ya 939&. z'-59>=>K 9 .>= 5?KzO Z -=
9'D9 >-2z> 59>>& 3:Y562q 3020r93u.4?.
=z 0#~ =7' /~ 2 . 5 =dy . 5 ;w < - '- . >= 5 6 2 q
#)-5?97|:D20#~=7819 95=7892 3u;q.9727P9
=K/ > 39#)-"z+ #)5;<9>#)-93u65=7'
39 - /:.0 .0 562q .>= 72D9 "5<- 0r9
5cy.2|.2./53:Y3023962q 62q 67z!772D9
..5<89A25yO9=>8 >/ '-.>= ./ >-
7P9/53/~ z =0y; 9 >: Z0T19.39- =t. 7P
..9#)-5?39: 3. 9/ .>= 9 N~5>&56 2q
.>= ./393zE2z3E z 5;w<- 95h5. z : :%2 z -5
>P89.z]72P82 9'-395K 392 "z+.>=
./5="z+ 95~2 z19 93z9.269.9.>==ya>&
OBJECTIVES - ^f-b
0X ;`*T ;*%,`&^+!T^D)`^%%X)M ,XX!'X.*T ` X'`&`W /)"V
^0'
3u%269.9.>= "*23u-?5z(395
3u%2.>= 72D0r955>y.562
q 3u 930230/~ =ZR9
'-5 z 35
39 5N~ . .>= 9%29 39[99 >/ 5 39 5N~2 z %>q .
9395
1.1 SOURCES FOR RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY
&T+`!%(`+!!X0`/+'X(X%M ^/O`!/`)O_
..#)-5? z.>= 9|3053'-.>= 562q3025
30/~5; 9 =>30239"5<- 9.>= ./3u02
95=>5~2: 72D0r9"u>-8>/ 3u y.9 >5 z":
!X0`/ 1
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
5?.>= >562q3025<89"5<- 9) 2 39@29@
:39 5h5 ./ =ZR. ./ 3u02 9/ 5<89 0>9-
2K39 !uaX9>933*9 3z9.2=6.95;?
3u%9h] z %:~= 7=2 5c9 9/: >3_73U59 "u79
*5 9": K> 1z 2 3 = p 29 5=p . 3%; 5<~ 39 =9
: '9 2F>7>=p29z ."z+=:57>9="u> 9/:
X@ _ =Rz20 |?9/5>3z9.2=6. z%>q533u.q.Nr5.=9'27;~:Dz
0#~3%;5<~=78:"/: T z .>= 72D7.7P9=72r89>52>.
5; 0>9- i9|3 =W7 ;.X9 ;=2 9z/5 =7u) ><~5O~2D
5<897?/530295~22zK8><~5O~2%:z 5;99'0r.8
3z: ;Dz 39h 9/ : T z 0r.
83z: ;D;?:!95~22zK80r.
8
3z: ; ><~ 5O~ 2Dz 39h 9 / : > 39 3u @ 9 z>K39 K
><~5O~2D3ya3< .:6 9><~5O~2D'52%9.9%2 9/55-6
><~%9.9><~5O~2D39'8#)- z+0&T
.>=9 /~ .-z > #)/: 5 .>= 9|3 > 2z50. >:
=78/:K.5? 5?:!.302"z+ 5h5.>= ./9|3
55%.>/: :!. 302"z+ z KL 9K/: 39- ./:
="."z+ 035h53029|355%.>52> 3u .>= 72
3z9-"k5 Z 0T z 55>9 92z72 ./3u02 9z/ :>=5~0
"u>-8>2/: Tz1z2.>= 72.>=9%2 :5?3u%?.
3u/=dy. 2q.39"z9z.r3u02 9z&T
0>9-i9|37>69. /:%2 9K39 7>69./:0z=[ ~ 8
KOD7P9=#<~9 >- 3z9-95~22zK83u y.9KzO>/:
2> .>2_.
>3952> . .>= > KzO=#*.>/:
5: 5;r= :5?2 . .>= > =#<~92z=F 302
3 3u;q5% =ya 9&T =]5. @.u8 KO72D =>. =/5 5+~ 5
%9- 572KzO=ZR8"k9%2 9/T =725972D=>= .5
5'8 y.Nr z3u;= 9=".5yN 9/T >9%2"z+ 7! 659
3u%9 9K/: 57258=t.i9|3=9@.>9>z/:
LITERARY SOURCES - /`0X!Xb^/O`!/`)O_
1.2 RELIGIOUS LITERATURE- $)V_* /`0X!b
50=5~3u%217~8;g9|3=z39%. > ;g!u3| 9z !u3|

7P99%.>/: 50%96"956C 50/:3u /~2
=ZR. 17~;g =750''z9505/5~50392.2")
17~;g93u/~2 7~ Qu':539- "k95~20!5 z7?
32<0"z+ 9 .s 397.s 39 0;~2 .Nr =ZR8 :%29
5<85hz0!5 z7? .-z="z+ z50T z>K
978- 7>69. 39 0z) 7>2 39- "u2p !u9 9%.
>/5'-K 5=<7>69.9%2 9/: >97|?9%29
2 !X0`/
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
)="~/: > z 7P'8". >
z K/: 395N~=789/9
="~9>:5> z7>69. z>": 9-3u%250 '.
7P9z69.27P8 '.9 y.Nr z19 9>9%.>/: 3z2_
>9 ?593u=9.>/9 :@="~ 9>:5> z 7>69.
z>": =>395:s D9%.978-9="~9>/: Tz>
7P3u=9.>3u/7 ="~5>3z25h9.>
="~=ZR.>/: X@ _
!u3|<b;.X39395N~50 Kz"9562q3u/=ZR82. 7|:51
=Z?.P.s ;g9%.>/: ="z+ z =|.u >
z K =z>y.=|.u 95~2
2zK8==7899'727>2KA3u6y.98'2 9z/: => 39
"y>=|.u95~22zK8=7' h99'2s527 9-5u.3282
55>557y. u8.03?2 9K/: >;g!u3|9z
!u3| 7P99%2 9K/:
'217~;g55O17~;g9.>= 5C5 ;<D9 y.N r 5#)-5?
=ZR8./0!5 z 7? 3u/75O"u2p3:6<99%.>/: > z
.u3
) .2)3+ z>K K/=|.3) 5283) 5617~3)
2 5O"u2p'. 9|339%. =/95zOD93|5~'2s9 >-5~.
>& 5;r= 9K K = ".7 > '2s >5 3|5~9z /9
'2s2/: .D93u. /9'2s259 >-'. 9|355%.
>"k"z+ !u3|3L7;.X9z!u3|0r.8;.X7P9.. ?2=7'
/~2. 5=p39: 3. 9/ '217~"u2p"z+ 3u u.6<9
9% . >/ : > <b !u bX9 "z ' z 9 )9 5:v 6 * 9 3z 2 = ? .
>/: > z F z>K 5 /9 ' 2 17~9 0;~2 .Nr72
:%2 9K&
1.3 SECULARLTERATURE - $)V%X+^&2 /`0X!b
17~293@=>.96N6|717~393K~5;.2/: >;g"z+ 9
562q=7' =3u089 N~5=[ ~9=|%27? >;g"z+ 9%9
>. z%9.u 36KzC z 005955=p5~2 9K/: > 28
=ZR.3u/7;g/:72z=t. 9'723u/7>3zh 92z50 9/
:
5>>Qz29199|355%.>: ):D9/~;g7K~
;=29/~2. 9'2. 5=p39 "z9z.r3|~./3u02 9/
5 9-95~27P.>=9%23 308./=Z?.;g/:
5 9- 39 =5~3u/7 =5~3u12 3zh aP8 3-2D 0r9 9% .
>/: 5;<A72D7.9!u3|5? z>9%.>/:
"zW 5;9 9'.r ?9 ?0=D 9%. 5. 2) .. ?2 =9=Nr
'". z06<. 9/: .D9%. 52) 7P93u=O/:6A2
= zT?7 .z=>957#0|. >7|:9%2"z+ "zWKz"9=7'
=dy. '5239: 3. 9/ 0r0;;.X9 :>-D9%.
9'.9F- ;s99.>==[ ~. 3u12;g .>=9%2 9 5
!X0`/ 3
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
3 .s%9. "z+ 17~2 93@ ;g 9|3 55%2 9K ="z+
9'3yb3< .:6 9z/5 9' 572D0r99%.>/ K>.z >
5729'D93yb3< .:6 9z/ : =723yb3< 72D / z .9U.
9 :!5i65 /: .-z ="z+ P82 :5?=0"3u. 0ya
05
5; =>39 3u12"u2p >&5-6D9%.><~%9. > 3zh 9
><~5O~2Dz.9U. 93u;= 9K&
X@ _
=5~3u/70@-69.8=>. z =F7=>. z>K >.7: 6<9
9%.>/:5>=>.917~293@.3u.4?.>& K;z!uaD
'2s93u/7%95<~ 7P9> .7: :! 727?.6599%2 K~
9/: =72;=27z!59'D93yb3< .:6 9/: >;g
.. ?25972D y.Nr 399%.&)55+3u;=5U 5.9
393|~ =]5."z+ 9'=695yN 9K/: .7:3z9-K/
;k0 975727 ?7P>9T6z~C) !u3| 9z
!ubX7P90@-69.8=7' /~2. 59'2. 5=p39
="7=>. 7z!3029|3: 3u02 9/ 3.q.Nr!225
50; 559- 2zK8 ="7 =>.9 5~. #)-5? z 5;<A72
=5~=^. u7"u>- 92&T
INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.1 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%
1. %9")50927:!
(i) ________ (ii) ________ (iii) ________ (iv) _________
2. =dy.5 9-393u/73zh 927 -
_____________________________________________
3. '. "z+ -
_____________________________________________
4. 0@-69.8="7=>. 6<99%.>/:
_____________________________________________
5. 32<0"z+ -
_____________________________________________
1.4 NON-LTTERARY SOURCES - %b`%b&`#`%
INSCRIPTIONS - (X^,
*230/~39!0.:! z6:! z>K >:!"z+ 0#~=p8

/: >7z!.3uh91.z Z)9 )39J~>/: 6:!
3*250 z3"u4epigraphy z>K 3u/76:!"z+ 3uh939
!02 9K/: 3u%269.99'7>9'72=72D9 y..r z
=s9-89!536:!7P792'2'9"z-"975~2 9z/: 17~
4 !X0`/
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
;93z9z<52972D0r90K/5A2./;= 72D959.r
>-7276:!P829z'-5 z3 K6:!"z+ 3yb3<
9'D93u;="2 99' 5729%2 9&T="z+ z3u;h z>K
. 6:!9=>=29>-9=785<895~20!5 z7?
3z9.2 6:! 39 5~. ./9 P82 z 3:"u4 paleography
z>K 3u%2 6:!"z+ =19- : D 0r9 3u%?. 3u y. 27
L? 6<9 9%. >/: 395N~ =789 .7: =dy. 6<9 X@ _
6:!"z+ J~>/:
7K~=7u); =5~3/ u 76:!99] 9/ : .D91 ;6:!
3u y. 6< 5 5u>s :39 :!K/: N93_7 69.9 ; D
;?:!"z+ !9h :39 :!K/: 4"2=p29 '2=19-D
5". 27T ; .D 6:!"z+ 97 5 "u :39 J`~
9/: 3_.50r2'7=3u2=3 !uaX9; D6:!
@9"z+ 3* 959=4?.>=: 9/: 5u); 9'.r=789='-
9' 7~%99|3 K~9./: >Q6<39 5u>s :3 579z +>- z
:!K/: Tz!9h:39@9"z+ +>-9z57 z:!K/:
; D9;?:!"z+ ; D17~;=255=p392 =|%23u02
9/ !u3|3u/7;.X9z9'7217~ 5C72Dz'733u02 95
9] 9/: 0@-.9=.5>25;99'72=5~3u/7>023.u
3u02 9/: >023.u]72Dz.. ?2P.s 5=p.//~ 5=p
39./3u02 9/ . 6:!;?39J~>/:5?
1 ;.7u339J~>/: >J~.7u3"z+ =p83u7-3.u
9|365<.9=>8 >/:
=K>>6:!3029 . 0<.})39:!.>z 0>9-
i9|3 . 6:!9J~@9"z+ 39c9>2/ 4?9> z
=* 659 3*2 9>z 2> . ;?:! =78 u7 2a 5=p z
= K / 5 . @9 ? u 7 : 6 K / .0 5 ..
;?:!9!0.@9"z+ 9@9 /~5>9 95=>'>2/
1. 6:!3*2 z - z>K

_______________________________________________
2. 3u;h >: -5z(
_______________________________________________
3. 3:"u49=A29|3- 9
_______________________________________________
4. ; D91 ;;?:! :399%.>/:
_______________________________________________
!X0`/ 5
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
1.5 COINS - )T#O`
7z0uP8250 z7z0u.Nr numismatics z>K >7z0u"z+ 9/5

050572D97|N~=7'93u%?... ?2P.s 5=p39 5?
19-3u02 92/:>7P562q1.z5<89;<A23u02 9/:
7z0u"z+ =19-.i~93.7u1.z927~.>/: 3u%269.9
X@ _ 7z0u"z+ 7P9 =5~ 3u%2 7z0u"z+ 9 . = . 0!5 z 7?
="z+ z&3KzC5>.7z0uPunch-marked coin > z K ="z+ 93
5.7u 1.z927~.>/: ;= 72D9273u.&5 /3u /77z0u
"u ;= 723u%?2 9/: =7269.9N93_76"9
;=2 9z/: !ua83u/7;.X9 z;-72=5~3u/7i~7z0u955>9
9/: "zWKz"9 . 0;~28i~7z0u93u%?2>/:
7z0u 3u%?. =789 /~2. 5=p =ZR9 N7 3K" ./ 3u02
9/ 9- 7z0u"z+ =19-. 52787P7 9|355>y. >/:
. @.u9;= 72D2z7. u75- 2"7727z0u3u%?2 9z/:
.-z = =789 3u65 5h9 9 55=8 5-' =7R9 =|%2 7z0u9z
7?/ 562q7z0u9D.9'0505./17~8=D... ?2 ?
17~39: 3. 9/
1. 7z0uP82 z - z>K
2. &3KzC7z0u 1.z927~.>/:
3. 9'5;3u/769.9i~7z0u3u%?2 9/:
1.6 ARCHAEOLOGY- &O!M!9N
3u.q.Nr=>K9..96"q5;< z7P82 9395 3u.q.Nr

5A2 3O. K>=>K97 u72z=9h99z h96|!22 9 562q
5<89 5c9 2zP2 9 .. ?2 '2=19-D '52 39 A2
>9- 9395 3u .>= #)-'-533u.q.Nr9"z9z.r3|~6|7
9>& 3u .>= =78 >::!23u-?B52>593|5~5N~=78 z
5z( .>=5hz.:!.3023919. !u3| 5? z
=Rz=6.9:3B5.>/: Tz051>:393*O9>39
2> K0>93315=72:!5'-/: Tz .>= 72> z
3,5 z=7/~ 3u/7:3K> 3* 9K39:.>>&5u>s:3 >
:3; D;?:!90!5 z7? >/:!u3|.y.8;.X9 /
6 !X0`/
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
3u.q.Nr !22 0r9 =. :@ 5<~ .?z 72z< 55>9 9z/5 562q KS3.
: :%2 z=39& >933=6.93u.q.Nr!22393u%22"99
1r=5;<5="y>3z9.2!39572z<955>y.=7"u.09 =R2
7?3 9& 0@-69.9 . : =72D93u8 5hzg;g7yN 3.u
52=>09D=>.5;?3uh9!.?=712/: >=71=p? z
megliths 57":/= >
z K ="z+ !22>50r9!u3|.y.8;.X
X@ _
3|5~9z 0@- 69.8 15=72D9 '52 19- 39 7 2 ./
3/
6|!220r95cy.1r=5;<"z+ 9=78562q3u-?929|3.>&
=>3u-?"z+ 7P9z=5~3u123u-?>:9+ 5~25 5~2 =
=78 2 O~ 9- 3u -? 3u . '5T 5hz 0>9 = 9> &
K.5?>'5T5hz952;>z=> u79= 97P5:8#)
3z9.2 b Z=p9/5= 97.u z73 9>9=78=72O~9-
9K i.S65pollen analysis53:25;w<-0r95y@:."z+ 9
39@ 9K '?58z 5 y< 5<89 7 A2 >9- 9z > 39@
0r9 '-K& K !u3| Z !u3| 5? z ;s9 5
9'=p29 < y K~%:z/:
1.z27.
~ 3 9-"z+ 7P5A2 3O.9
5;w<- 9K="z+ 9=78=72O~9.>& /=>.=>1.z"+ z
!-9z N?.>&.>7P'->& 6|.Nr P820r9]
7yN 53uh9.0 5<89'-5 z 3/ / =>.3u .>=
7259 5==p? 5<89 '-39&T 7yN B0 '". '5'". 5
3u-'".39=* 65A2>9-2 :725.>=* 659
5z(3952> =5z z5%9 z270!395K3u.q.Nr1r=5;<
6|.Nr'5'".39P82725.>=93|2~"*252q.3
3u123029|3=>8 >/
1. 3u.q.Nr9=A -
2. 9+ 5~23O.5= 3u-?955>9 > 9K
1.7 ACCOUNTS OF FOREIGN TRAVELLERS - ^'\^#-X'X'+ _
50; 559-0r9: =>.393a y >/: 69. z562 q=789

"u 9785%2915=729au0|.65 Z395u' 65 Z
17~;gP823=&T 69.9=72D9>- ?9=72i%@z 9
0!K>5~2 9&T="z+ 9=..5072 %Qu"W z 7K~D9'=6 z
"u 9au0|.7#=p2==/: =.D9559- z 27 3zh 9
!X0`/ 7
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
5~2 9&T >7|?3zh )=[|~52a>2/: K & ;/:. z
19 9395N~"u :! 72>93z29zO9 9&T >0z3zh z P82
:7K~;=29=7' 5=p9'2. 5=p5/~2. 5=p39
5>z7|:52./7?/
"u 5978559-2zK83u/70r.8;.X969.97=7u'
X@ _ 7P95-' =3 ~5yO3/: >95~22zK869.85Q9"z+ z
'>'9562q0u597 z9W2 9K/: "u 6<99%.393v=D
9/u2=Erythrean Sea5):7D6|"?Geography3zh 9>
5-'5<897|:52./5~2 9K&
%2395u' 72D7P97z!6|7 "u>- 9/:4>25>z 2=
685O17~5:Z/: =72D97z!:@/:69.5O./~=p2"z+
390;~2 9555O17~5<89;@:6 95 !ua83L7;.X9
4>2 69. z =/: "zW5;9 9'.r =789 69.9 562q 5=p
39559-:!K&T !ua8=W7;.X9><~5O~2D9'.r ?9
>z2=69. z=/: =7P4>2D39559-:!&T 2?Q
5;r50?897>28.39= 5hy.559-3u02 9&T
1. 9%2 9/:
2. %2395u' 69. z=/:.D27:!
3. %2 395u' 2?Q5;r50?87>28.39: 3.

9&T
1.8 CHANGING NOTIONS OF HISTORY- !X0`/+&+X'9V_! $`+ `
3_. 5;<A72D 7.9 69.8 .>= 72 .>= 9%2 95

'-2/: Tz >=.2z> 5h5969.8.>= 72D9.>=
9%2 3u - ? 3_. . > = 72D *9z =[| ~ :" / : 3_.
.>= 72 u72r89#)25?5./"z+ z =.9!/T T z 69.8
.>= 72:"3u 99%2 9/T 3z9-9 )Kz"5<895~2
9K& ="z+ >:=..u.80r395 ? 3u. Kz"99'5;
59'72D 395hy. 559-3|9-9 7?/ .05.. =!
;?:!"z+ 5cy.>:39562 q9'5;95;5?5=72D9 y.. r
=ZR92 ./: :%2 z =39& /9z '-3+ K69.8
.>= 72D9 =p 2 5 =78 39 7? A2 9>/ : K *9
#)-"z+ =#*.>/:
8 !X0`/
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
!u9 a [2 5F: 5 5>99 ;=2 69 "u>-
:39 3u%2 69.9 .>= 9%2 95 3 1z2 "5<- 9]
>: >Qz 2.9 953 !u93z9.269.828
;g72zdy. z9'92z50 9": 9'72D93|9.2>Qz2 8
;g3u/'-533u9] 3u%a4?9 9=) ==)
4 5F: ‘Asiatic Society of Bengal’3u.b>/: >39 2 2zb29
3u%aK"z5>z69.83z9.217~;g5=>.9'6<92z50.
X@ _
>: 7 x7z:927 '-'7~25;<A69.8=dy.9 7>28.39
"z9z.r0/: 4?99'7269. z;=2 95369.872D
=7' 28 55=p=ZR9'-5 z%>: 39 !ua17~ 5:Z72
69.9!ua17~93u%93u=93 59'72D;C z 0r"z-. 95
369.872D=ZR95>z. & '-53"u>3u ; : K.5?
2z509]>:3_.5;<A7269.8D9@-;?726539
:!9] : 69.872iH%9;=2=>.'+. 5::v! :
!u962=M=s/Earley History of India9:>au4
9%2 : >3zh /:=5~3u/73z9.269..>= >3zh 9=s/
9'72D =3@9 2 / :! & T 5 ;< 9 69.872
9'72D0r9;=.>5%.5:=3u7- 95 z%a 9&T >
3zh )9'=7u'509;C5yO 953=>8 >/:
9';@"u>- 9/569.85;<A729'72D0r9.})3 |~
.>=9%20! 5.ey>>: '.8.905zO>=722'
0;9.>= z =;1. 9:!53 3u%a : =7269.8
=dy.97>28. z5;r095993=p3. 953:!2%?2 :
562q./=7"u302="u> 99'69 9 5
6 9'r + D 39 0z '- 5 !. '.8.50
69.8.>= 69.8=7' .>=69.99'2 . .>= z
3z2~9%2 9/: =72> z9%2 :5?5:55>'.3u /
6?=7' 51 z=7:%2 9/: 23@9=725155 5> z
>. 9/: .>= 36 2 502 /:
:v!K" =>au 4 17~;g History of Dharma Sashtra27
=s9-8 3zh 9%2 9 3z9.2 69.8 =7' 55=p9 7z! 302
39"z9z.r3u02 9&T
69.8 50r272 K.q9 =>. 3z9.2 69.8 "u2p z P82 9 ;=2
@.u9=72D9 39 0@./:.>3u7- 9&T +969 9
27 '- 6:!.Nr5. 3z9.2 69.8 9'2.
2zb2"z+ =519 :!2 %?2 : %= 98%1z9
3z9.269..>= z 26: ~z 659:!5="="562qK"9
6=s/Dz=7:%2 9/: 9=7'z709 27
'-5;a.>= >au :%94233z:27 ;<~ 92
!X0`/ 9
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
!3zh 9%2 9 :+2=ya 9/: !u3K~T69.8
.>= 72 '.8. =u.9 05zO > =72D L? .>= z
:!7P79 3u ; 9/: 3'8=: 3z9.2
69.9 =19-.S ;=2 i9' /: 5: 5~2 9 =7hDz % .
90&T
X@ _ 69. i12. :6 :39 2| . 2 3u 9 . > = 9%2 9] >:
9'2 . .>=395N~=7' /~2 . 55=p39"z9z.r 3u02
9K.>=:!>: >3u 9:!7P9z:5=7D9%. 0
r90)r' The Wonder that was India 2.7
) >39 69.9 =7' /~2 . 5=p 39 ++ =Z
27 '-:Y3u.b.>= 3K"3zh 9%2
9/: > 3zh 927/:2 Mu+ x2 )z a+ 4 2 >au
2 .>= .D9 30D 2z=9- 9 69.9 =7' /~2 .
=dy. 5=p39"z9z.r3u02 9.>=9%2 9/: =727z!.
562q3023u u85562q0?7P9=7' /~2 . =3 ~39
3u120.>=9%2 9/:
1. 69.9i12.39.>=9%2 95@.u9K2q.39:@.
>/:.>5~2 9
1.9 THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY- (`+!!X0`/+ 'X.*'IT
69.9...>=5<89 7)7)19->9-3&.u72
=7'9562q0"5<89'-55; > z.>=9 /5hz z>K
> /5hz z P82 9 7=7' /~2. =dy. 9'2 .
@.u9>/5"u".=[ ~9A2>9- 9395 39C@.u 9
2q. 39e9 => =KzC 5?5? =72D 7P9 3/~ 0!K
0>9- i9|3 "50 Kz"9 =7'9 3;z3?2 7z! '5 /: 5?
395N~50 =7'97z!'5 /: y< >4?9=>39 659
9'2 . 55=p9 7P 395N~2 0!K/: "50 Kz"9 9'Dz
"3. z>K/:5?395N~50 Kz"99'Dz6|3. z>K/:
>=>.562q9'D7P91 9'1 93=#<~%:: 9'72
u7;;C;?>:55;2z u7 9'.S3u.b.>: /9z7:@
: K 562q =789 5 62q 62q h99 395N~2 39e9 =>. =3yC
>2q.39:!.>/:55?5?"u". z3u65. 9z /:
> 5<8=|%9.z]72 ?=p3.'.3u/5A2/~2. KS
@.u9 >/5 "u". =3 ~9 ;@:6 9395 5 /=>. 56 2q
3u 917~93N"u".5<89'-395
10 !X0`/
$G'@,G+2&!
&T+`!% (`+!
TERMINAL QUESTIONS- %XT %X^&+X'`
1 3u%269.917~293@=>.39=@W)V-3u02 9
2 .>=9%2 953 7z0u 39 3K"302 ) 1+ 9
5~2 9
3 ..5<89'-533u.q.Nr7 z 39=>K 9/ X@ _
ANSWERS TOINTEXT QUESTIONS- &O!b`-X!&-M+9+
1.1
1 "50=750''z~50/~550
2 aP8
3 K/95zOD3|5~'2s9"k"z+ 9>&
4 .7:
5 509;<F>&32<0 .s397.s39/90;~2
.Nr:%.>&
1.2
1 3u"u456:!3*250
2 K ;? :!9 9'D9 3u;= "z- N~ 2 9' 5 72D 0r 9
>/
3 :3
4 5u>s
1.3
1 7z0u .Nr
2 935.7u7z0u
3 ;
z -
1.4
1 .. z'-535A2 3O.96|!22
2 3.q.Nr!220r97?/5 b5=p9=7829|3-
1.5
1 7#=p2=
2 4>2
3 >z2 =
1.6
1. Refer para 6 section 1.9
HINTS TO TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1. Refer 1.3
2. Refer 1.5
3. Refer 1.6
!X0`/ 11

315 Module 1 CH 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

315 Module 1 CH 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



..9 #)-5?9 P82 >& .>=  07 72z< K 38"z+

50=5~3u%217~8;g9|3=z39%. > ;g!u3| 9z !u3|

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.1 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

*230/~39!0.:! z6:! z>K >:!"z+ 0#~=p8

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.2 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

1. 6:!3*2 z - z>K

7z0uP8250 z7z0u.Nr numismatics z>K >7z0u"z+ 9/5

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.3 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

1. 7z0uP82 z - z>K

1.6 ARCHAEOLOGY- &O!M!9N

3u.q.Nr=>K9..96"q5;< z7P82 9395 3u.q.Nr 

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.4 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

2. 9+ 5~23O.5= 3u-?955>9 >  9K

1.7 ACCOUNTS OF FOREIGN TRAVELLERS - ^'\^#-X'X'+ _

50; 559-0r9:  =>.393a y >/: 69. z562 q=789

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.5 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

1.  9%2 9/:

2.  %2395u' 69. z=/:.D27:!

3.   %2 395u' 2?Q5;r50?87>28.39: 3.

1.8 CHANGING NOTIONS OF HISTORY- !X0`/+&+X'9V_! $`+ `

3_. 5;<A72D 7.9 69.8 .>= 72 .>= 9%2 95

INTEXTQUESTIONS 1.6 - &O!b`-X!&U'V3`%

1.9 THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY- (`+!!X0`/+ 'X.*'IT

TERMINAL QUESTIONS- %XT %X^&+X'`

You might also like

..9 #)-5?9 P82 >& .>= 07 72z< K 38"z+

50=5~3u%217~8;g9|3=z39%. > ;g!u3| 9z !u3|

*230/~39!0.:! z6:! z>K >:!"z+ 0#~=p8

1. 6:!3*2 z - z>K

7z0uP8250 z7z0u.Nr numismatics z>K >7z0u"z+ 9/5

1. 7z0uP82 z - z>K

3u.q.Nr=>K9..96"q5;< z7P82 9395 3u.q.Nr

2. 9+ 5~23O.5= 3u-?955>9 > 9K

1.7 ACCOUNTS OF FOREIGN TRAVELLERS - ^'\^#-X'X'+ _

50; 559-0r9: =>.393a y >/: 69. z562 q=789

1. 9%2 9/:

2. %2395u' 69. z=/:.D27:!

3. %2 395u' 2?Q5;r50?87>28.39: 3.

1.8 CHANGING NOTIONS OF HISTORY- !X0`/+&+X'9V_! $`+ `

3_. 5;<A72D 7.9 69.8 .>= 72 .>= 9%2 95

1.9 THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY- (`+!!X0`/+ 'X.*'IT

TERMINAL QUESTIONS- %XT %X^&+X'`