8728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Dr. Kristoffer Conrad M. Tejada Dr. Maria Luisa A. Valdez Dr. Ronel M. Sapungan tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE!8728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. A Module in GEd 106 — Purposive Communication ‘This module was developed by Dr. Kristoffer Conrad M. Tejada, Dr. Maria Luisa A. Valdez, and Dr. Ronel M. Sapungan, all of Batangas State University, Batangas City, Philippines, as part of the university's transition to flexible, alternative mode of teaching and learning. No part of this module may be reproduced, reprinted, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the module developers or of Batangas State University, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted hy copyright law. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 21088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘Title Page 1 ‘Table of Contents 3 Foreword 4 Brief Description of the Module 5 Course Description and Intended Learning Outcomes 7 ‘Model Utilized 8 Lesson 1: Communication Principles and Ethics 8 Communication and Globalization 12 Ethies in Communication ‘Losson 2: Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings 20 Communication Styles 20 Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language 22 ‘Lesson 3: Evaluating Messages and Images of Different Text Types 26 ‘The Power of Words and Images 27 Multimodality 28 ‘Lesson 4: The Rise of New Media and Technology Aids in aL Social Media Use aL Language and the New Media 36 Communication Planning 39 ‘Communication Strategies in ‘Tech-based Communication 40 Lesson 5: Communication for Work Purposes 41 Part 1 Oral Communication in the Workplace 41 Part 2 Preparing the Cover Letter and Curriculum Vitae 46 Online interviews, physical/virtual meetings and etiquette 53 Preparing Correspondence via print oF email 60 Preparing Letters and Email Messages with netiquette 64 ‘Lesson 6: Communication for Academic Purposes 69 ‘The Stylistic Klements of Good Academie Writing 69 Socio-politial Analysis Paper Ea Position Paper st Researchrbased Documented Essay 86 References oa tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 1088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘The global pandemic caused by CoViD-19 in the first quarter of 2020 has significantly disrupted the ways in which the general society operates. In the Philippines, the whole country was placed under a State of Publie Health Emergency as early as March 08, 2020, which was followed by the declaration of an Enhanced Community Quarantine (BCQ) over the entire Luzon effective March 17, 2020. This entailed restrictions in the movement of the general population and the temporary closure of non-essential establishments and businesses, with very few exceptions. Despite the measures established by the government, reinforced by magnanimous efforts of private groups and individuals, the number of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 cases continued to rise. ‘This phenomenon has not only affected the economic conditions and socio-political landscapes of countries all over the world, but has also altered the way educational institutions deliver instruction and provide academic and administrative services. There is a wide consensus among experts and government authorities that schools should remain closed for students even after community quarantine protocols have relaxed, and so flexible and alternative modes of teaching and learning have been adopted. For these reasons, this module on Purposive Communication (PC) was developed, guided by Memorandum Order No. 325, 5.2020 by the Olfice of the University President of Batangas State University. The general direction given was the continuous delivery of instruction (1) without compromising quality and the attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes, but (2) considering the various contexts of the faculty and students. After a survey was conducted among faculty and students, and after consultations with various stakeholders, the developers revised the existing PC syllabus, structured content, and designed activities intended to engage students and facilitate meaningful earning in a flexible learning environment. The inputs, learning activities, and assessment tasks cover realistic scenarios that would not simply provide the professor a basis for assigning a grade, but more importantly, give students additional opportunities to learn through experience, Guided by the educational theories of asynchronous learning and difforentiated instruction, this module offers guidance and direction for students to learn at their own pace with contextualized options for receiving inputs and submitting outputs. It is hoped that this instructional material provides sufficient support to the students in acquiring the competencies to complete the course despite the prevailing social and economic conditions. ‘This is staying true to the constitutional mandate, as specified in Article XIV, See. 1 of the 1987 Constitution, to “protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels... and take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all.” tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE!8728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ase Ppive Comicon Brief Description of the Module ‘This module was developed in response to the call for continuous delivery of instruction, under the philosophy that learning should continue despite emerging challenges under the new normal. It is based primarily on the approved revised syllabus for Purposive Communication ‘The module has seven lessons: Lesson 1 (Weeks 7-2)is about communication principles and ethics, including the concept of globalization as the worldwide integration of humanity. It also involves diversity and cultural sensitivity in communicating in a highly globalized environment. Lesson 2 (Week 3-4) includes communication in a multicultural world, focused ‘on the various styles of communication and the registers of spoken and written language unique to certain cultures and in specific circumstances. Lessons 3 (Week 5) covers the power of words and images, and centers on the evaluation of messages and images of different typos of text. It also introduces the concept of multimodality and how meaning is influenced by certain semiotic features of texts, Lesson 4 (Weeks 6-7) involves the rise of new media, as well as the various aids and strategies for communication using technology. It provides information, data, and statistics on social media use, and the complexities of language use in new media It also enumerates the steps in effective communication planning, all of which segue to the topics on ‘communication for work and academic purposes. Lesson 5 — Part 1 (WVeek 8) delves into the tenets and easential aspocts of communication for work purposes, and lays down real-world challenges in professional, workplace communication and ways on how to address these Midterm Exam Week (Week 9) Lesson 5 — Part 2 (Weeks 10 - 12) is a continuation of the discussion on workplace communication, but with focus on specific areas ~ from job application to communication in the actual workplace. This includes physical and virtual interviews and meetings, preparing correspondences, and observing netiquette in online communication. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 51988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication Lesson 7 (Weeks 13 - 17) covers the different. stylistic elements of good academic writing, which include the overall view, language, academic tone, academic diction, punctuation, academic conventions, evidence- based reasoning, thesis-driven, complexity, and higher order thinking, ‘as well as the four key areas that may help students in refining their academic writing, The lesson also includes the guidelines in the preparation of socio-political analysis paper, position paper, and research-based documented essay. Final Exam Week (Week 18) ‘This module presents a systematic program of study that attempts to link theory and practice, Since some of you may have weak or intermittent connectivity, the module was developed to be selfinstructional to support offline, independent learning. In addition, this ‘module presents only essential materials and activities: your professor may give additional lectures or activities from time to time. tps pubrimis.comiohqnvbdyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 51988728/23, 945 PIM N > PP PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Purposive Communication develops your communicative competence and enhances your cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks. These provide you with opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to a multicultural audience in a local or global context, in a physical or virtual environment. It equips you with tools for critical evaluation of a variety of texts and focuses on the power of language and the impact of images to emphasize the importance of conveying messages responsibly ‘The knowledge, skills, and insights that you will gain from this course may be used in your other aeademic endeavors, your chosen disciplines, and your future carvers as you compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual and/or webrbased output for various purposes, Intended Learning Outcomes [At the end of the course, you are expected to achieve the following outcomes: ILO1 Describe the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in multicultural contexts, as well as the effects of global issues to communication and the impact of using culturally appropriate terms, expressions, and images ILO 2 Create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials for various academic and work purposes, observing principles of structure, style, conventions, and proper referencing, and utilizing the appropriate varieties of spoken and written language. ILO8 Adopt socio-cultural awareness, ethics, and sensitivity in the persuasive presentation of ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based or multimodal platforms for various audiences in local and global settings using appropriate registers and non-verbal cues, \ wer etl hipsspubhinls.coniehgndjtPURPOSIVE_COMMUNICATION_ MODULE! 1988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Puposve Communication ‘The developers of this module adopted Fink's (2003) Intograted Course Design (ICD) ‘model to restructure your learning experience, enable you to respond at your own pace, and engage you in the learning process. You then become covcreators of your own learning. In addition, you are also given wider opportunities to work independently or with other ‘members of the class if the existing conditions permit — in promoting learning. ‘The basic idea behind the ICD model is that lessons and activities are designed to be learning'centered and leamer-centered, rather than simply developing a list of topics and then providing students with lots of information about each topie. In this model, several aspects were considered, founded on situational factors that affect teaching and learning activities, as well as feedback and assessment, are all anchored on desired learning goals. ‘The interrelationships of these elements are shown in the figure below: t a i | SITUATIONAL FACTORS Figure 1. The Integrated Course Design Model (Fink, 205) In the context of this module, the situational factors that were considered included the professors’ and students’ contexts, since every situation is different under the current circumstances: the level of internet connectivity, familiarity with and availability of online learning platforms, the time required to cover the course based on existing guidelines, and the nature of the course, For the learning goals, the developers determined what you, the students, needed to learn vis-a-vis the course's intended learning outcomes. Only essential topics were selected, 80 the identification of learning goals eame hand in hand with the selection of the most significant topics and sub-topies. ‘The learning activities were designed to allow you to explore and enable you to achieve the intended learning outcomes. As discussed earlier, these consist of simple yet ‘meaningful and authentic tasks that could be accomplished even at home. Page 8098 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 81988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication ‘The platform and manner of communication between you and your professor shall be agreed upon at the beginning of the semester. Submission of requirements and feedback would be given through electronic or digital means, or through other mechanisms mutually acceptable between you and your professor. The alternative form of assessment covers realistic scenarios that would not simply provide the professor a basis for assigning a grade, but more importantly, give you additional opportunities to learn through experience. The ‘major requirements are authentic, with clear criteria and standards, so you ate guided as to what is expected of your submission, ‘The development of this module also adopted the principle of constructive alignment, (Biggs, 2003), which is the underlying principle that shapes both the curriculum and the ‘module so that the inputs, teaching-learning activities, and assessment tasks align with the intended learning outcomes of the course. tps pubrimis.combhqnvodjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_ MODULE! 91088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following! 1, Describe the nature, elements and funetions of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts 2, Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication, and why ethical ‘communication is essential. 8. Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world. Processes and Principles of Effective Communication Effective communication is a key interpersonal skill and by learning how you can improve your communication has many benefits, It sounds so simple: say what you mean, But all too often, ‘what you try to communicate gets lost in translation despite your best intentions, You say one thing, the other person hears something else, and misunderstandings, frustration, and conflicts censue. This is very true especially in the absence of physical, face-to face communication, Communication is beyond simply putting words into thoughts and emotions. It is done effectively only when information is transmitted without changing both the content and the context of the message. Simply put, communication is the art of ereating and sharing ideas for a specific purpose. It comes in many forms: ‘* vorbal communication, which includes the use of language, sounds, and tone of voice ‘+ non-verbal communication, which includes body language and facial expressions ‘+ written communication, such as through journals, emails, blogs, and text messages + visual communication, which involves signs, symbols, pictures, graphies, and emojis Blfective communication is dependent on how Fich those ideas are, and how much of those ideas are retained in the process. In order to be an effective communicator, a number of skills have to be utilized. Which skill one chooses greatly varies and is dictated by the situation, the content or the actual information a person needs or wants to convey, and the intended sveipiene of that information. DID YOU KNOW? Almost 91% of professionals from the world’s top 300 multinational companies said that communicating in English is important for work success, but only 7% of them indicate that their eurrent level of English is sufficient for their jobs. This is based on “The Globalization of English” research study conducted by the MeKinsey Global Institute Audience Analysis A key clement in effective communication is audience analysis. “Audience” here does not only refer to the people listening to you in a publie speech. Rather, it refers to anyone who is expected to receive the message you are sending. Knowing the audience, understanding their level and how they need to receive the information ~ also known as skills on audience analysis ~ are extremely’ important in “packaging” the message and sending it across. Audience analysis is therefore one skill ‘an effective communicator must have. It is imperative that you find out who the audience is ~ who will actually receive your ‘message’ and what they need to know. Only in doing s0 can you properly adjust all the other elements of communication, such as your words or registers, your tone, and your expressions. Page 100 98 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! +01988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Another aspect that needs consideration in analyzing the audience is identifying and trying to overcome possible eommunication barriers. These are not confined to physical noise (ears passing by, someone pounding on the table) and physiological issues (an upset stomach), but could also include cultural difference, varying levels of expectations and experiences, and difference in perspectives and communication styles. Anyone might experience i reroeo youre [il ne rane vou Hf eacny.sutwe | one or all of these barriers at Agere [ifimemine nara [cal GRMN |e oe ie cetanornar” |i/Savmiewar ove i] ron ants Beate ; Sune YOU FRSA | chat such barriers exist has to | be edo th war eel) recognized so that anyone tn Roe ye) who is tying t0 communicate ) Jy ly cean adjust and apply the proper i He tools and strategies to remove i le those barriers that prevent the message from getting across. Principles of Effective Communication BBfective communication requires a certain level of connection between and among people, allowing a series of exchanges of thoughts and emotions, eventually leading to mutual understanding, In order for that to happen, the following principles must be observed, Clarity, This pertains to both the message and the purpose why the message has to be sent. ‘The message should be clear by using appropriate language and communication channels, but equally important is that the reason for sending and receiving the message must be ‘understood by both sender and receiver, Conciseness. The message should be as brief as may be required depending on one’s purpose, especially in most modern contexts in the business and academie fields where time is of the essence, It should be devoid of trivial details that would hinder communication. Completeness. Despite its conciseness, the message should still be complete and accurate. Whenever necessary, background information should be given to provide better context: facts and observations may also be helpful Organization. Effective communication is usually planned in order to ensure the systematic flow of ideas and transition from one point to another. There are instances, however, when communication is impromptu, but this should not be an excuse for an organized presentation of ideas, Empathy. The sender of the message should be sensitive to the needs and interests of the receiver. In ease of face-to-face communication, the speaker must always be conscious of the reaction of the listener and adjust histher communication strategy avcordingly. Flexibility. Ditforent people have different communication styles, and consequently, different ‘expectations. Eifeetive communicators know how to adapt to the varying needs and expectations of their audience, and modify the message or the way thenessage is sent to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpretation. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 11988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION Motive Question: The world has shrunk into a global village, but have we become more of ‘neighbors? for more of strangers to each other? ‘The notion of the world being a global village has been a hot topic ever since the idea was brought up, especially in light of the rapid advances in technology and digitization. Globalization hhas been regarded as the key to the worldwide integration of humanity, where there is an inereased ‘economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures. In Southeast Asia, for example, the ASEAN Integration has been a buzzword among social communities, opening a wide array of discussion for future collaborations. For our part, we Filipinos have increased our awareness and acceptance of the notion that we belong to a diverse, global community. This is not confined to communieation with people from other countries, but is inclusive of communication within our own socicties, even with the minorities and the indigenous peoples. It is therefore imperative that WE learn to communicate effectively with people regardless of age, gender, race, ability, religion, sexual orientation, income, marital status, or ethnicity, Communication in the modern world ‘must be anchored on the eoneept of diversity, since effective communieation and the ability to understand cultural differences are skills that have become requisites not only for a ‘meaningful social life but also for a successful professional career. Even professionals from the countries that are traditionally known for sticking to their native tongue (eg Japan, Korea, Vietnam) have started to learn English, as the internationally-recognized lingua franca, with the concept that learning English does not make them less Japanese, Koreans, or Viets thecomversation comsoiniivrsity In addition, digital technology has erased tervitorial boundaries among countries and among. people with varying cultures. The notion of being a ‘stranger’ has been revolutionized as the people whom we used to treat as strangers are now our co-workers, classmates or friends albeit some only in social media, Hence, there is a need to develop graduates and professionals who are multiculturalists ~ those who are engaged with and respectful of people with different cultures. ‘These are not necessarily people from other counties all the time, singe a country may have varying sub-eultures among its general society. In the Philippines, for example, there is no argument that- people from Southern Tagalog have a different culture from the Bicolanos, and those from Zamboanga have different norms and beliefs from the Hocanos. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Are you ready to communicate in a global and multicultural environment? Assess your readiness to communicate effectively with people having different cultures, Simply write True or False after each statement. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 121088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi 1. Tenjoy communicating with persons who are like me in terms of interests and with the same socio-eeonomie status, as much as I enjoy communicating those who are not ike! me. 2. Lam equally sensitive to the concerns of all groups of society, and I genuinely eare to the plight and issues surrounding them, 3. Tean tell when persons with different cultures do not understand me or are confused by my actions. 4. Lam not afraid of interacting with members of minority groups nor with members of a dominant culture. Persons from other cultures who do not actively participate in a conversation, debate or any form of discussion act that way probably because of their culture's rules, 6. Persons from other cultures have the right to be angry at members of my own culture 7. How I handle conflict or disagreements with persons from other cultures depends on. the situation and on the culture they are from, 8. Myculture is not superior to other cultures. 9. Tam knowledgeable of how to behave when communicating or interacting with people hhaving different cultures, 10, Lespect the communication rules of cultures other than my owa, Discuss your answers with your professor or your classmates, ‘The greater the number of statements that are honestly true to you, the more prepared you are to welcome the opportunity of communicating and interacting with people from different cultures. This is a very important aspect in one's personal life or professional careers, since avoiding intereultural communication is virtually inevitable in any organization, ‘This is especially true in business organizations, when produets can go global and the manner by which any product is communicated to the global market can make or break the brand. Hore are a fow examples of business miscommunication in a global setting: + Tn the past, Gerber dealt with issues in some cultures where women have low literacy rates such as Africa and the Middle East. The women in these cultures generally use pictures to tell them what food ‘they are buying. When Gerber started selling their product in these countries, the wamen saw the picture of the baby and believed that ‘there was a baby or part of one baby in the jar. Irish Mist is 2 brown whiskey produced in Dublin, Ireland. In Germany, however, “Mist” literally translates to “erap’. Ei ‘means ‘uterus” or ‘vagina’ in Sanskrit, and is an Indian & + Joni (read as "Yon'’) is a brand of skin product. However, Yoni representation of female genitalia, especially pertaining to the Hindu goddess Shakti. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! +31088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Undoubtedly, globalization has affected the way people and companies communicate with each other, In some cases, cultural differences have accentuated cultural insensitivity, which is ‘most fat in the business world, Since everyone is a consumer of particular business products, it is ‘important to know the issues, etiquette, protocol, communication styles and negotiation approaches of people from different cultures using the business experience as example, Here are some instances when lack of cultural or linguistic sensitivity in global communication severely affected companies or products. ‘+ McDonald's spent thousands on a new TV ad to target the Chinese consumers, This featured a Chinese man kneeling before McDonald's vendor and begging him to accept his expired discount coupon. The ad caused uproar over the fact that begwing is considered a shameful act in Chinese culture. + Similarly, McDonald's also unintentionally offended thousands of Muslims when it printed an excerpt from the Koran on its throwaway (take-out) hamburger bags. Muslims saw this as sacrilegious, + Some staff at the Afviean port of Stevadores saw the supposedly internationally-recognized symbol for “fragile” G.c, broken wine glass), Since in their culture, they treat the pictures printed on packages to be representation of whats inside, they thought it was a box of broken glasses ‘and threw all the boxes into the sea, ‘+ The film "Hollywood Buddha” caused outrage and protest on the streets of Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Myanmar (Burma) when the designer of the film's poster deeided to show the lead actor sitting on the Buddha's hend, which is an act of elear degradation ‘against something holy. + Coors (beer) once had its slogan “Turn it Joose” translated to Spanish, but it became to mean “Suffer fom diacrhea" All of those examples are predominantly business-related, where companies failed to regard cultural differences in packaging and communicating their product to the global market. However, the cost of cultural insensitivity in global communication can be felt in everyday communication, as cultural misunderstandings often lead to misinterpretation and unnecessary tension between people, Here are some examples demonstrating this in a global setting? + Showing the sole of a shoe (by crossing one's legs and pointing one's shoes to the speaker, for exampld means nothing to observers in most Western and Asian countries, In Muslim cultures Gueh 2s Studi Arabia, however, the gesture is perceived as insulting, Similarly, crossing one's legs while seated is customary for Westerners, but this is social faux pas in Korea. + Blinking rapidly while another person is talking is normal for most people, especially during tense situations, For Taiwanese, this is considered impolite. + The Japanese view the business card as an extension of their body, while Americans view it simply as a business formality. Hence, when Japanese hand over their business cards with two hands and with great care, they get insulted when the person. receiving just put it away with haste. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 141088128723, 945 PM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Comicon ‘These are just some of the instances when miscommunication and misunderstanding can happen as a result of cultural ignorance and insensitivity in the global environment. In order to develop more meaningful relationships and establish productive interaction with people having different cultures, everyone should recognize and respond to such differences and nuances. In addition, people have to be mindful that not everyone from the same culture exhibits the same characteristics and habits in communication, so sensitivity is key to any successful communicative situation. In communicating in a highly global environment, the challenge that faces everyone is to learn to understand, accept, and address cultural ~ and communication ~ differences. ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION Bifective communication is ethical communication. Communication is ethical only when itis genuine, open, cooperative and sensitive to one's cultural and social beliefs and practices. If there is fan intent to conceal the truth, or bring damage to any organization, group or individual person, communication is considered unethical. Even in situations when there is no intent to harm, but damage to a certain group is inevitable heeause of the message or the channel used to relay the ‘message, itis still considered unethical, ‘SIMPLE ACTIVITY: Reflective Analysis Analyze the following print advertisements and determine if these are ethieal or not. Consider the following guide questions in your analysis, 1, What is the message ofthe ad? 2, How is the message underscored? What semiotics are used (text? images? others?) 83 Is there any individual or group that may be offended by the ad? 4. Is there another way of presenting or delivering the message? 5, Do you think the ad is ethical? Reflective Analysis, Briefly explain your assessment of the ad, with focus ‘on the five questions. ecocieespagesore Page 180 98 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 151088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Did you notice the placement of the “before” and “after” texts? Did you notice that the sore” text was right under the colored woman, while the brown-skinned model is at the middle, and the fair-skinned woman is at the far right, below the text “after”? How does this relate to the product tagline, “Visibly more beautiful skin..."? Can you relate this with the popular yet stereotypical Filipino belief that “white is beautiful” hhence the proliferation of whitening products, such as soap and lotion? ‘Try to reflect on this next advertisement, which was found to be sexist by most observers: Reflective Analysis Briefly explain ar ausconmontofthoad with cus Some tasks nthe ive questions in th provious are better outsourced page. 4 € Pocora Bien fergie PERFORMANCE TASK Do you know other print or television advertisements that are norrethical because they are discriminatory, stereotypical, and/or sexist? Spot these ads in magazines, newspapers, social media networks, Youtube, or any other platform. Share these in class and discus ‘a. why you think the ad is unethical: b. how it could passibly be received by certain groups! and >, what could be a better way of presenting the ad, ‘Take note ofthe following rubric in assessing your response’ Content pts): Your material is spot-on and obviously well-researched, Reasoning (4 pts.) Your line of reazoning is logial and justified. ‘Organization of Ideas (2 pts) Your ideas are well-presented and highly organized. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 161988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. sas Ppive Comicon How Past Experience and Prejudice Affect Communication ‘Most people bring their past experiences into a communication situation. Sometimes, they pitch in existing information because they learned in the past that adding information makes the communication more successful. There are times when they do not contribute anything because of a possible past experience when their inputs were not considered or valued. In any ease, people enter into a communicative situation with eertain expectations, and they behave or react accordingly. Past experiences inevitably affect people's communication styles in the future. When their audience responded positively to their message, chances of them repeating the same style are relatively high. However, when they were tured down o given negative feedback, this will definitely influence how they deliver the message next time. Past Experience ‘Effect to Communication Your parents reacted negatively when you opened up about your interest fora certain craft You hesitate to diseuss the topie with them despite your rich potential to that craft ‘Your colleague has forgotten some very You give himiher reminders every now and then {important information many times in the past. | to avoid messing up again. You don't ask for your subordinate’s opinion A subordinate in a group that you lead anymore, even if he might agree with you this disagreed twice in your suggestions. time, Your professor ignored your inputs last session. | You don’t provide inputs in elass anymore. Your teammates reacted positively to your You use the same strategy in a similar strategy situation. Projudice, on the other hand, when people take their past experiences and make certain assumptions that the same experience will happen with the same people, given the same context. Prajudices may be attributed to culture or personal preferences, Not all prejudices have a negative characteristic, as a person might consider all members of « group to be smart even without meeting them individually. It must be noted, however, that effective communicators should avoid prejudice because it influences the communication process even before it begins. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ‘To have an idea how this happens, complete the phrases below, and diseuss it in class. Ifyou don't have sufficient personal experience to complete a phrase, think of a possible stereotype you ‘might have heard from someone: ‘+ Old teachers in school are. ‘+ Male professors who speak good Knglish are. ‘© The athletes and performers in schoo! usually Most suporvisors in multinational companies are. ‘The lowest form of job in the workplace i. Working with homosexuals usually.. ‘Muslims, Buddhists, or people with other beliefs are... Disabled people in the workplace should... Prejudices happen when people isolate an experience with one “type” of person or one group of people, then behave as if all encounters with people of the same “type”, or at least with the same characteristics, will lead to the same experience, This eliminates a people's personal identity and individuality. There ean be prejudice as regards to age, gender orientation, religious belief, race, social-economic status, and physical conditions, Effective communicators view people as separate from any preconceived notions others may have about them. They see the value of the individual as ‘a person of worth, and thus will respect that individuality. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 171988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 Showing commitment and genuine intorest A key component of ethical communication is showing commitment in the communicative situstion. Being committed means giving sufficient time and resources to any discussion or conversation, and being open about any issue that may arise, Commitment also involves volunteering important information, even if it puts a person's own short-term interests at risk, as long as itis for the benefit of the majority especially in the long run. Encouraging a communicative environment of trust can go a long way in promoting ethical communication in any academic or business setting. “Naval Language” or The Belly Button Payche It is clear that the two major elements affecting ethical communication are the use of words or language, and one's behavior or body language. ‘The second element ~ body language ~ may be enhanced through the ‘Belly Button Psyche’, or the belly button rule, which is believed to communicate true interest while engaging in face-to-face communication, ‘The origin of this “rule” dates back to the 1990s and since then, numerous scientists and body language experts have honed the theory. Most notably, Dr. Albert Mehrabian, professor of Paychology at UCLA said that the belly button rule is the most important indicator of reading a person's intention. Simply put, the belly button rule means the direction of a person's navel reflects his/her true interest. Here isa basic explanation of the rule: ip When people are interested in you and what you have to say, they will point their belly button squarely at you as you talk. That shows they are engaged and they are focused an what you have to say. Although we do this without thinking, the fact is that we can consider this rule when we are having conversations with people who are special tous. If you are uncomfortable with a conversation and you may have to discuss something that is not easy’ to discuss, start with sitting the listener in a way where sour belly button is pointing directly toward theirs, This shows you are focused on talking to them, and even though they may znot be aware, the listener will at least begin by being focused on you, as their body language and attention is divected toward you. When we work to put our fecus on listening and valuing what the other person has to say, then secondly getting our message across, we can take big steps in a short amount of time at building better communication, tps spubhimis.convohanvbdjvPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! ip POF Online | PubHTMLS. 181988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Comicon PERFORMANCE TASK: NAVAL LANGUAGE Who among the people in the picture show more commitment and interest in the conversation or discussion? Briefly discuss your answer using the belly button rule. eapivvw.choprejectbx.us201007ody language ousy-marethan sou think Your answer will be assessed using the following rubric! Content (4 pts.): Your answer demonstrates accurate and deep understanding of the concept. ‘Reasoning (4 pts): Your line of reasoning is logical and justified, ‘Organization of Mens (2 pts): Your ideas are well-presented and highly organized Respecting socio-cultural beliefs and practices of others: ‘The concept of globalization is not new, but people somehow fail to realize that this is not confined to technology or bridging the world and making it a virtual community. Globalization also entails changing the way people communicate to others, especially those with different norms, cultures and belief systems. This involves all types of communication, whether face-to-face, chatting via email, or using various forms of mass media, such as the two ads shown on pages 16 and 17. It is hoped that in the previous activity with the advertisements, you were able to identity hhow both ads put women in a bad light, in a state where they are objecified ~ that they are beautiful only when they have fair skin or an ‘hourglass’ body, Ethieal communication requires people to respect sociorcultural beliefs and practices of others, while at the same time avoiding all kinds of stereotypes, Page 190 98 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 91088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication ‘Learning Outcomes ‘AL the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following! Describe the styles in communication considering various multicultural settings, Determine varieties and registers of spoken and written language. Adopt cultural an intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communicating ideas. Develop a sense of appreciation on the richness and diversity of registers used in written and ‘spoken communication, ‘COMMUNICATION STYLES IN VARIOUS MULTICULTURAL CONTEXTS. ‘As mentioned in Lesson 1, each person has a unique style of communicating, which mas depend not only on hisher linguistic ability but also on his/her cultural and social context. Some are outspoken’ some are more quiet yet on point, Some always seem formal, while some have a lot of introduction before getting to the main point. Communication style refers to the choices people make and the strategies or tools they use in the process of communication. A style may sometimes depend on the demands of the communieative situation, as well as on the needs and requirements of the target recipionts of the information Each style has two dimensions: the (1) assertiveness level and the (2) emotiveness level, which is shown in the Communication Styles Matrix below. Hig Asserness 5 8 ? ‘The Communication Styles Matrix Page 200898 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 201988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Ppive Comicon ‘The model, developed by Dr, Eileen M. Russo, shows four different communication styles direct, spirited, systematic and considerate), categorized further into two different dimensions (level of assertiveness and level of expressiveness). All of these must be considered because people with different cultural contests tond to have varying levels and styles of communication. People who are categorized within the assertive communication level tend to tell or instruct others what to do and sometimes even how to doit, while the less assertive styles usually tend to be on the receiving end, often asking for guidance, instructions or directions. On the other hand, people who fall under the expressive level usually show their real feelings and emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, or language use. The less expressive ones tend to either hide their feelings or exert some effort for these feelings not to show. "The combination of these levels result to the basic communication styles Spirited High Expressiveness + High Assertiveness Considerate = High Expressiveness + Low Assertivenes Direct Low Expressiveness + High Assertiveness Systematic = Low Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness ‘Tip for People with a Spirited Communication Style |. Respect decisions and agenda that have been agreed upon, as well as time limits during meetings oF any communicative situation. 2, Try tolimit your sharing of personal aneedotes that may take the discussion off-topic. 3. Make sure you are allowing others to contribute their ideas and suggestions ~ and that you are genuinely listening to them 4. Be certain that any request you make is clear and that you eonvey the reason for such request. Communicate your appreciation for others’ work and input. ‘Tips for People with a Coniderato Communication Style Recognize that other people's opinions about @ topic are separate from their opinions about you. Realize that not everyone is comfortable discussing personal topics with colleagues. Allow others to open personal matters before asking questions of that nature, Respect your own opinion as you respect that of others [Recognize that you don't have to be friends with everyone, but you should treat others and be treated — professionally ‘Tips for People with a Direct Communication Style ‘Make an effort to listen carefully to others. Avoid interrupting. Allow time for ‘chatting’ at the beginning of a meeting. Recognize that others may also feel the need to express themselves Recognize that brainstorming can be effective and is not a waste of time. ‘Take some time to show your appreciation for others’ contributions, ‘Tipe for People with a Systematic Communication Style Recognize that for good working relationships, consideration for others’ feelings is important, 2. Learn to ask qualifying questions that will help you get the information you need. 3. Make sure you understand the background of the discussion or seope of the conversation so no time is wasted. 4. Politely ask other questions about themselves if you want to build rapport. 5. If you need to ask for more time to know, analyze or discuss something, explain the benefit of the information you need to know. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 211988128723, 945 PM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Alen Francis Mascaras Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip PDF Online | PubHTMLS. asi PuposveCommanicaton ‘VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE In a multicultural society, people must use culturally-appropriate terms, gestures, expressions and images in any communicative situation, ‘The T Love You Map Language Varieties Also ealled “leets" these refer to the different variants of a language that ean be sufficiently elimited from one another in terms of social, historical, or geospatial factors, thus forming language clusters, In addition, language varieties may also be grouped in the following classifications: a Pidgin. It refers to a new language that develops into situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language. Examples ‘are Chavacano in the Philippines and Bislama, a language spoken in Vanuatu. 'b, Creole, It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children, or the mother tongue of a certain community. Examples are the Gullah and the Patwa, is a ereole in Jamaica. Regional Dialect. It is not a language that is not distinet from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Examples are as Cebuano, Waray, Hocano, and Hiligaynon in the Philippines. 4d. Minority Dialect, This is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group. Examples are the Sinama of the Badjaos in the Philippines and the London-Jamaican variety in Britain, e Indigenized Varieties. These are spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies ‘with multilingual populations. A classic example is Singlish (or Singaporean English. Page 220898 tps pubrimis.comibhgnibdjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 221988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. POINT FOR DISCUSSION How do you classify the ‘conyo’ language in the Philippines? What do you think are the unique characteristics of this language variety? How do you feel about people using this variety? Discuss your answers in class. upeiimweeaglenewsphlapihror methertong! Language Registers A language register is characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social circumstances, These are determined by such factors as social atmosphere, purpose of communication, audience, and the general context of the discourse. Generally, language registers can be classified as (1) formal, (@) casual, (8) intimate, (4) frozen, and (5) consultative. 4. Formal. These registers are used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rrules. Slang is never used and contractions are rare. Examples are registers used in research paper, government documents, business letters, and in business presentations, 1b. Casual, These registers are used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances, colleagues, and family members. These are used in birthday parties or family gatherings ¢. Intimate, Intimate language registers are reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private, Examples are an inside joke between two high school friends or sweet nothings whispered to your "special someone.” 4, Frozen, It refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged, Examples are the registers used in the Philippine Constitution and the Holy Bible. ©. Consultative, It is used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who hhas specialized knowledge or is offering advice, Tone is often respectful, such as the use of honorifies or courtesy titles, but may be more casual if the relationship between or among the communicators is friendly. Examples are registers used in local television Droadeast or in a conversation with a doctor during medieal examination, Language registers can also be classified as Formal, Informal, or Neutral, Formal language rogisters are appropriate for professional situations, such as when speaking to a supervisor or ‘writing an invitation letter, Informal language registers, on the other hand, are conversational and appropriate when speaking or writing toa friend or to someone you know quite wel. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 231988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi PpiveComomnicton ‘The use of one or a combination of these registers highly depends on the audience (person/s for whom the message is intended) and the eontext (nature of the communicative situation), Using the proper registers show respect, interest, and a certain level of professionalism, hence enhancing harmonious personal and professional relationships. These are also used in writing short notes, personal journals, or diaries. Lastly, neutral language registers are non‘emotional and laden with facts. These are most appropriate for research or technical writing. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ‘Most cultures experience evolutions in the use of registers or words in both formal and informal settings. In the Philippines, for example, some linguistie phenomena have taken the country by storm, affecting the way people communicate with each other. This is briefly explained in the excerpt below. The modern generation has ushered a new era of language users who have consistently challenged the traditionally accepted, conventional notions on linguistic souctures and grammar. Trl language has Inevitably evolved with the influence both of social sub-groups and of language theorist who somehow “oreate" their oven rules on grammar and syntax, Ths is evident in most soctetes, and is very much apparent in the Philippine conte. ‘One obvious example isthe use ofa diferent set of words, meanings and sentence structures by the ‘members of various sectors of society. 1 was onl in the fst few years ofthe 21" century when terms such fas ‘chughak (de“dsah, “keer (de not care). ektasn” fae, lie) and many more were introduced in the Philippine working vocabulary. Although the formal inclusion of such words to the corpus of Filipino Tanguage is sill doubyfl, it would not be surprising i inthe faure, these linguistic sructures are printed ‘an Filipino dtionares, as these are continuously being used in the streets, the mass media al in many social circles. Their use and predominance are probably inescapable, even when some purists and Conservatives are not keon to sing such language {In the past, one ofthe strongest and creative linguist featwres that emerged tn the Philippines is sword reversal where people reverse the way words are utered. It originally intended to be a convenient sway to hide meanings within a clique or social circle, a if were a code, but is massive popularity prompted its proliferation. Primary examples are “repapps” (pare, or friends), "ermats” (mater, or ‘mother) “erpats” (pater or father), "yeko" (okey obey), "yosi" Gist and lst spllale of ’SIgarI¥O" or figarete), and many move. This was a linguistic phenomenon inthe Philippines in the earl Sls up to the late 905, and has seen a recurrence in late 2016, with terms such as “Todi (idol) and “petmalu” (malupi ‘ar tremendous) taking the ete country by storm (an excerpt from the academic paper “Modern Linguistic Phenomena in the Philipines” by Tejada, K 2017) ‘What do you think is the next linguistic phenomenon that will evolve in the Philippines? Why do you say 80 Improving one's Ability in Communicating in a Multicultural Setting Everything should start with a personal desire and strong conviction to relate more effectively with persons having different cultural backgrounds, This will not only create positive personal relationships, but also open more opportunities for professional growth. Limiting one's reliance on preconceived notions and established stereotypes is also a major leap towards effective intereultural communication, ‘The following specific guidelines can enhance your ability to handle situations involving intereultural communication, and better prepare yourself to meet the communication challenges in an increasingly global environment. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 241988728/23, 945 PIM tps pubrimis.comonqnvbdjvPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication Refrain from forming expectations based solely on your culture. Knowing and accepting the validity of cultural differences are key in communicating with people having diverse communication styles. Being an effective communicator requires allowing yourself to he immersed in the multicultural society and embracing diversity Remove personal biases or any stereotype that may impede understanding. You do not want to be at the receiving end of a biased judgment, right? You don't want people avoiding you jjust because of how they see other members of your group or culture. Determine how much ‘your family, friends and colleagues have ‘dictated’ how you view or feel about other people or fother groups, and identify which among these pre-judgments are stereotypes that can damage relationships. Make a personal commitment to develop communication skills appropriate in multicultural settings. Your ability to develop intercultural communication skills largely depends on how ‘many —and how much ~of these promises you are willing to make: © Twill make a commitment to seek information from persons whose cultures are different from my own, © will try to understand how the experiences of persons from different cultures leads them to develop perspectives that differ from mine. © Iwill pay attention to the situation and the context when I communicate with persons from different cultures, © will make every effort to become a more flexible communicator. (© Iwill not insist that persons from other cultures should communicate with me on my terms. 251088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Comicon Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following! 1. Evaluate multimodal texts critically to enhance receptive skills (ie. listening, reading, viewing). 2. Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual and/or web-based presentations for different target audiences in local and global settings using appropriate registers 8. Adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting ideas. EVALUATING MESSAGES AND/OR IMAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS REFLECTING DIFFERENT CULTURES As discussed in Lesson 1, the advancements in digital technology paved the way to innovative modes and platforms of communication, The massive and rapid developments in digital ‘communications ushered in a new era of communication that does not simply rely on words, but also on images and other semiotis of the channel used to convey the message. ‘The effects of cultural and global issues to communication were highlighted in previous discussions, as well as the impact of effective communication to society and the world, This has highlighted the importance of exploring the concept of World Englishes, or as defined by Cele Murcia (2014), the regionally distinet varieties of English that have arisen in parts of the world where there is @ long and often colonial history of English being used in education, commerce and government, ‘Thore is no debate that the English language has become the most widely used language for ‘most purposes of communication in international diplomacy, business, science, education and entertainment. Over time, this widespread use of English ~ spoken side by side with local languages —has given rise to local varieties of English with their own standards. Examples of World Englishes are Indian English, West African English, Singapore English, and Filipino English. ‘One major issue that has been raised with respect to these established varictis is that they are often not fully intelligible to users of other varieties of English. For example, a Filipino ordering food in a restaurant in Singapore for the first time would be confused when he is asked, “Having share, or take away?” because in the Philippines, they are more accustomed to "Dine in, ar take out?” Kirkpatrick (2007) proposes a scale with two extremes that characterize this problem [Extreme 1: The goal of national or regional identity. People use a regional variety of English with its specific grammar, structure and vocabulary to affirm their own national or ethnic identity (eg. Only Filipinos use the terms ‘senatoriable’, “congressman”, “chaneing’; and “bedspacer", among others, and use these when communicating with other Filipinos). Extreme 2: The goal of intelligibility. Users of a regional variety should ideally still be readily understood by users of English everywhere else in the world to fully participate in the ‘use of English as an international language (eg. Users of Filipino English have to understand that they have to use “bin” instead of "trash can” or “lift” instead of “elevator” when in a country using British English). Page 280 08 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 261088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi PpiveComomniction ‘The challenge is to find a good balance between the identity-inteligibility extremes. Hence, speakers of the English language may resort to eode-switching (i.c., using English and another anguage in the same statement). For example, Filipinos may use a strongly local version of Filipino English to communicate with fellow Filipinos using English as medium, but they should use a weaker and more formal version when communicating with users of other varieties of English especially when international intelligibility is necessary. ‘The Power of Words and Images Look at the illustration on international arrivals below. Answer the five key questions that follow. © INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS Five Key Questions: ‘What is the message? ‘What is the purpose of the message? How is the message eonveyed (by the text andlor image)? ‘Who is the target audience of the message? ‘What other ways of presenting the message are there? Before effectively engaging in multicultural communication, people have to be ready and Imowledgeable for situations such as the one demonstrated in the illustration. If anything ‘unplanned or unanticipated comes up, there must be alternative ways of communicating the same message without being offensive. ‘The illustration above sends a relatively vivid and powerful message not just through the use of 1 careful juxtaposition of text and illustration, but also because of the other semioties or elements such as color combinations. This is called a multimodal presentation, ‘Multimodatity ‘Multimodality is a fairly new concept in the general academic setting, but can be a very powerful tool in light of digital and multicultural communication, A text or output is considered ‘multimodal if it uses two or more communication modes to make meaning. It shows different ways of knowledge representations and meaning-making, and investigates contributions of semiotic resources (language, gestures, images) that are eo-deployed across various modalities (visual, aural, somatic, ete). Most importantly, multimodality highlights the significance of interaction and integration in constructing a coherent text tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 27988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. A multimodal text ean either be one of the following: ‘© Paper (books, comies, posters, brochures) + Digital (slide presentations, blogs, web pages, social media, animation, film, video games + Live (performance or an event) + Transmedia (A story is told using multiple delivery channels through a combination of platforms, such as comics, film, and video games all working as part of the same story with the same message) ‘The creation of multimodal texts and outputs requires a creative design concept that orchestrates the purposive combination of text, color, photo, sound, spatial design, language, gestures, animations and other semioties all with the unitary goal of bringing meaning to life SIMPLE ACTIVITY In class, discuss how the following multimodal texts are not effective in delivering the intended message, or how an incorrect use of a semiotic feature changes the meaning of the text. ROL ocs tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 201988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi ‘The following are examples of posters that sh Wort YOUTH Dk Pape VOLUN jowease good multimodality. ‘This is @ poster entitled “Run for Rio”, a sunvfor-a‘eause event organized for the benefit of the Philippine International Volunteers for the \ rhe prem beer S IF Jar of om mated \ a8 ‘The postor is titled "Concert for Kids’, whieh is fund-raising concert for the New Jersey (NJ) Kids Foundation in the U.S. ‘The dominant photo is that of a guitar, suggesting the music-inclined nature of the event ‘The use of candies is suggestive of the concert beneficiaries, who are kids with special needs, The tuse of various colors adds to the notion on the playful nature of kids. ‘The font used is also playful rather than sharp, and the dominant color of light blue is light, fn the eyes, as well as the other color palettes used in the poster. Both posters, Run for Rio and Concert far Kids, demonstrate purposive use of semiotics to forward a specific message. These are successful in ‘meaning making through the interplay of various elements, tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! neiro Brazil ‘The inclusion of the multicolored bird, the official maseot of that year’s World Youth Day, is crucial in juxtaposing it with the actual text on top the photo. Since Blue is used as the poster's dominant color, the multi-colored symbol is highlighted that even if the onlooker fails to read the text, the purpose of the event will still be obvious. ‘The same reason goes with the use of the silhouette of a-man running (suggestive of the nature of the event) and the Christ the Redeemer ‘we on top. of mountain (the symbolic representation of Rio de Janeiro.) ‘The use of Red in the text for the amount ‘sand the running distance puts attention to the > event details without overshadowing the other details, The inclusion of the biblical quote and the cross also add to the religious motive of the event, thus making it eoherent. ‘iefrunteriowordpresscon/ tp oS 2eomeents2016/1/Stunbhush musica 201088728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. In creating a multimodal text, the Purpose, Audience, Context must all be considered. ‘© As to purpose, the creator of the text must be clear on the message and the reason(s) why the message has to be delivered. + As to audience, the nature, interests and sensitivities of the target audience must be considered eo the text will not be offensive and hurt people's sensibilities, + As to context, the message should be clearly delivered through various semiotic resourees, and in consideration of the various situations where and how the text will, be read by different people having different cultural backgrounds, FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT [Evaluate the message or themes! sub-themes of any of the following advertisements bby Ligo, a local brand of sardines in the Philippines. Discuss how the semiotic features (text, photo, color, etc.) affect the message — both superficial and subliminal ~ in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the countzy. Do not forget to answer the five key questions posed on age 27 Reflective Analysis. Briefly explain your assessment of one of these Ligo ‘ads, with focus on how the semiotie Features add to the message, No special Cee Soca stancing Paso, In class, you may have an interactive discussion of your answers. You may also look for other real-world, multimodal texte and how the semiotic features provide more meaning and purpose to the intended message. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 301988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Ppive Comicon | ‘Lesson 4: The Rise of New Media and Technology Aids in Communication Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following! 1. Identify the proper strategies in communication using social media and other advancements in technology. 2, Bvaluate language in new media and adopt an awareness of proper use of language in these media platforms. 8. Develop an appreciation on the importance of proper communication planning, ‘SOCIAL MEDIA USE Social media has undoubtedly altered the world operates. The rapid and vast [saramam |) aremaeo= adoption af new motin platforms have changed v 7 the Weg paces sn omer wi each other in the social, eeonomi, and politcal ‘Though there are minor socal media platforms aval since the 90s, the soil | "ome “ye tnedia that we know today ~ the one with rly 68 mellow onl etrscling cre - ) Started with MySpace in 2004, when it reached 1 million active uvors. Sinn then, othor sites rt started mushrooming, and people began getting hooked to these new media Some media platforms have been so popular that the number of users rise at such an exponential rate, TikTok, for example, became such a eraze in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, when people were mostly at home and thus have “nothing to do” because of the worldwide call to “Stay Home”. It was launched in 2016, and had half billion users by 2018, This number even got higher in mid-2020, with over 800 million aetive users within that time span. However, not all social media platforms last. For example, in 2008, Hi5, MySpace, and Friendster were close competitors to the social media giant, Facebook. In 2012, all three had virtually disappeared as shown by very poor performance of market shares, Interestingly, the social ‘media platforms that survived did so because of their continuous evolution and response to the needs and interests of its users. For example, Twitter used to disallow the uploading of videos or images, but because of the high demand and the stiff competition, this feature was allowed in 2011. Today, more than half of the content that ean be seen in Twitter includes photos and videos, ‘The exponential rise in the use of social media can be partly attributed to the emergence of technologies that enable modern communication (that is, FAST, CONVENIENT, INTERACTIVE communication). These include computers, laptops, and smart phones, among others. In addition, the rise of social media is a unique manifestation of how quickly and drastically patterns of social behaviors change. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 311988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘Some Interesting Statistics on Social Media Use Here are a few interesting statistics on sorial media use, All data are extracted from statista.com as of duly 2020, Global digital population Active internet users 4.57 billion Unique mobile internet users — 4.17 billion Active social media users = 2.96 billion Active mobile sovial media users 3.91 billion Most popular social networks worldwide, ranked by number of active users 1, Facebook (2.6 billion) 2, Youtube (2.0 billion) 3, WhateApp (2.0 billion) 4, Facebook Messenger (1.8 billion) 5, Weisin/ Wechat (1.2 billion) 6. Instagram (1.1 billion) 17. TikTTok (800 million) Most popular social networks worldwide, ranked by reacky active usage penetration 1, Facebook (63%) 2. Youtube (61%) 3, WhatsApp (48%) 4. Facebook Messenger (38%) 5. Instagram (36%) 6 Twitter (23%) 7, Snapchat (13%) Countries with most number of Facebook users 4. India (290 million) 2 United States (190 million) 8, Indonesia (140 million) 4, Brazil (130 million) 5, Mexico (89 million) 6, Philippines (76 million) 7, Vietnam (64 million) ‘8, Thailand (50 million) ‘9 Egypt (42 million) 10, Bangladesh (38 million) if o © ~ c 2 In 9 2017 report by the Global Web Index, around 42% of people use social media platforms to stay in touch with what their friends are doing, while 39% said they want to stay uprtordate with news and current events. ‘The other top reasons for using social media are fi up spare time, general networking with other people, looking for entertaining content, sharing photos or videos, sharing one's opinion, ‘meeting new people, and researching or finding out products to buy Responsible Use of Social Media Social media has grown in popularity over the years, with hundreds of options for sharing your thoughts, photos, and videos and for interacting with fiends and family. The more it grows, tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 321988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. sas PpiveComomicton the more we discover about the do's and don'ts of social media, The same rules apply to all social ‘media playgrounds, regardless of which site is your favorite. There are some practices for engaging in responsible social media use and best practices for social site etiquette Well have a socio! responsibilin. ‘We all have friendships and professional relationships that can either be helped or hindered by our social media presence. Imagine you post inappropriate selfies of your weekend activities on Instagram. Have you considered what your boss will think? What if you say something spiteful after ‘fight with a friend and then realize they saw it before you could delete it? You may have just lost a friendship over social media silliness, You are 100 percent responsible for everything that appears fn your social media accounts, from your status updates and comments to pictures, videos, and links you share 1. You may not agree with everything or everyone you encounter on sorial media networks, but treat each person with dignity and respect. The Golden Rule of treating others how You want to be treated is a good practice. 2. Do not turn to social media as a way to harass, demean, or bully someone else. Sitting in front of a computer screen doos not give you license to embarrass, intimidate, or spread hhurtful rumors about others. 8. Regardless of your privacy settings, keep in mind that anything ean possibly be seen by anyone at any time, even by that person that you did not want to see it. Pause before you post, think before you click. 4. Whether you're concerned with maintaining good friendships or future job prospects, be responsible in what you post and how it ould affect your reputation. Many employers now check up on job eandidates' social media accounts for evidence of bad behavior. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Reaction Paper Task Sheet: Prepare to React and Act 1. Read the article “The Flight from Conversatioe” written by Sherry Turkle and published in "The Now York Times on April 21, 2012. 2. As you read, ask yourselves the following guide questions (answers need not be written down: a. How do you feel about what was written? Do you agree or disagree with the points raised? b. Can you identify with any of the situations presented in the article? Do you have any’ experience related to any of the examples given? ©. Does the article prompt you to do something, or change any previous belief you might hhavo? Or does it reinforce! support your existing stand on the topic? 3. Prepare a Reaction Paper, with the following basic parts! a. Introduction i, State the title and author ofthe article you read. i, Write a two'sentence summary of the article (what it is about) iii, State your thesia, which is a sentence that highlights your main point oF argument. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 331988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Ppive Comicon i. Provide statements or details that would support your thesis. Three to four paragraphs will suffice. 4i, Each paragraph is expected to have a topie sentence, supporting detail, diveet quote! line lifted from the article, and explanation. ‘ii, You may use sentence prompts, such as I think that. In my opinion... tis my firm belief that Ieseems that. Ltruly fel that. BAR ION iv. Organize the paragraphs and provide smooth transitions using proper devices Un addition, Furthermore, Moreover, However, ete) ©. Conclusion i, Restate your thesis sentence, or summarize your main point! argument, fi, You may end with a call to action, a major comment, oF a prediction, as long as ‘no new information or reaction is presented, 4, Proofread your work to ensure that! a. there are no glaring grammatical or typographical errors that might affect your message, b. all sources have been properly cited, the first person perspective is used, since you are writing your personal reaction. your paper is not simply a summary of the article, Reminders ‘© Limit the reaction paper to 2 pages (short bond paper) ‘© Use Times New Roman, font size 12, with 1.5 spacing and 1" margin on all sides. + Your paper will be seored using the DISCO rubric Dietion ‘The words used throughout the composition are precise and appropriate for the audience and purpose. You avoided redundaney, jargon, and flowery language. Tea Development ‘The thesis and topic sentences are clear, You support each pointargument concretely and vividly. Sentences vary in structure and length, Style ‘The language and tone of the composition are well suited to the purpose for writing. The writing shows passion, Clearly, the essay is original; it belongs to this writer and to no ather. Conventions: Spelling, punctuation, capitalization and grammar are correct, Organization. ‘An inviting lead draws the reader ini a satisfying conclusion brings proper closure, Sentences follow a logical sequence and each idea is smoothly linked to the next. ‘The number of points for each eriterion is dependent on your professor. This will be discussed toyou in class. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 341988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘Something to Ponder on Social media have become a very powerful communication tool and platform in the new era of technology and globalization. In the early beginnings of social media, the usual reaction would be, “Z ‘have ideas or feelings and Ican share these to the world through social media as.a platform.” Today, however, most millennials would claim, “I have access to social media, so I have to have an idea. I shave to have a feeling or emotion that Tean share with the world” ‘This attitude has led to the proliferation of fabricated or exaggerated emotions, with the hope of getting many ‘likes’ or receiving many ‘comments’, which have become the norm for social acceptance, What ean you say about this? Consider this article in reaeting to this phenomenon’ While isi true that we have real friends whom we can rely on in the real world, there is that ubiquitous itch that we have to post something, with the hope of ‘friends’ liking it sharing it, or commenting om it. A hundlred likes ‘and a few comments would suffice: couple these with shares and threads and it would be eestate, even if those who supposedly liked or commented on it remain detached to how we actualy feel. Social media give us friends who will tell us who we are based on hove we project ourselves in that virtual environment. The technology that is supposed to help us connect and communicate with people by showing the ‘real us’ is the very technology that prompts us fo give others a false impression of who we realy are. Js this the purpose of social media? Are we using this powerful platform appropriately? (an excerpt rom the article “Refusing tobe Alone Together" by Tejada, K. 2017) tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 351988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THE NEW MEDIA Question® Does the language we use dictate the language of new media, or do new media shape the language that we use? Let me rephrase that: Are we using new media, or are new media using us? What is new media? Now media refer to highly interactive digital technology. These are very easily processed, stored, transformed, retrieved, hyperlinked, searched for, and accessed. Generally, those can be classified as: sol medi ro li tale iall =} ‘| Online newspaper azdiNew ‘ Virtual realty == Ney Computer games ia Language in new media is sometimes referred to as Computer-mediated communication (CMO), though it may also be called any of the following? Netspeak Computer-mediated discourse Digital discourse Electronic discourse Digitally mediated communication ‘Keyboard-to-screen communieation PRR RR EE ‘The Internet is the largest area of language development we have seen in our lifetimes. Crystal (2011) said that only two things are certain it is not going to go away, and itis going to get larger. Hence, we must be prepared for its inevitable expansion. Digital discourse illuminates social and cultural processes, which is under the domain of sociocultural linguisties, The primary concer is not with abstract, grammatical linguistics, but rather the evervday ‘Aunetions and uses of language. ‘This type of discourse or computer-mediated communication can be deseribed as: 4 Vernacular 4 Interpersonal 4 ‘Spontaneous re tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 361988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication CMC is Vernacular, which means it uses language that is common to people regardless of age, social class, gender, or race Examples ‘4 Acronyms (Lal, yoo, fomo, bae) O608GS8e600 S ttn nab ew, Ma chan inat ts)” CBCAOSQOLOG 4 Brot! tm er eseese@aese wurst F998 6 81ATD no vane on GOVUPEIESER i) Misspellings / Respellings Respelling is a resource whose use is subject to a variety of factors, including users! ‘technoliteracy’, their considerations of audience and purpose, and physical constraints of message production (for economy and text entry reduction). eu, 2nyt, tom/2mrw, abt, ¥?) ‘These increase insecurities in spelling, but also tolerance towards typographical ‘errors’, which are reinterpreted as outcomes of speedy text production rather than indices of lacking competence. CMC is Interpersonal. It is zelationship-focused rather than subjectoriented. This can be explained by the number of Group Chats (GCs) a person has, and the number of individuals and GCs a person engages simultaneously ‘The interpersonal nature of CMC is characterized by the following: 4 Turmtaking & Topic development 4 Backchannels Repairs CMC is Spontaneous, It is usually unplanned, unstructured, and sometimes impulsive. This spontaneity also gave rise to Net Neologisms through Lexical Creativity, such as the use of “bdn” and "127 or such terms as trolls, meme, hashtag, and meh. These can be described as mediatized stylization and popular representation. CMC is Dialogical. It carries expectation of continuous exchange. This is why most media platforms have a “Reply” o an ae aan cee tien nunca nan ee ‘The English language in the New Media is 4 Brice 4 Multimodal Ideological Brevity. Do you notice how much people put premium on length and on the time it would take for them to read an article inthe net? ‘Take a look at this example, on the number of words in Wattpad, which is relatively popular reading platform for the youth: tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 37988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 ip POF Online | PubHTMLS. How long Is the average chapter on Wattpad? ‘You don't have to, but staying within 500-1000 words of the other chapters tends to result in a reader-friendly, smooth experience {so If you're averaging 1800, 2800 Is the point where your readers will realty start to notice that this ehapter is ‘cally tong} Write Better: Tips and tricks - Chapter Length - Wattpad hitps www wattpad com » 235498640-write-better-tips-and.-ricks-chapter-| ‘This means that most readers of Wattpad (the youth, generally) ean accommodate less than 1,000 words per chapter. That’s around four () pages oF less of bond paper. Anything beyond that is, considered very long already by most young readers. Lets take a look at these examples uae Orel emery © maurRe NET +2 mn REA Hitman hires hitman who hires hitman Raffy Tulfo invites Barretto sisters on his who hires hitman who hires hitman Program to resolve feud Do you notice a similarity? Yes, both web articles found in social media have a time element: ‘2 MIN READ’, spelled in eapital letters for easier access, ‘This means that they want readers to read the article because “Zt just ¢wo minutes! it won't take much time That is a psychological conditioning, suggesting that most readers want brief materials, thus making brevity a characteristic of language in the new media, ‘Multimodality. This refers to the Jayering of diferent digital media. We all know that words are only ever part of the picture, All texts, all communicative events, are alway’ achieved by m of multiple semiotic resourees, even text-based new media like instant and text-messaging cee tps spubhimis.convohanvbdjvPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 381988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘Those screenshots re examples of multimodality in language use. Texts alone might not eatch that much attention, 20 a combination of purposively-designed text, photo, andlor video are a staple in new media to make it interactive Téeologically-motivated. New media is inherently ideological, especially in terms of their political-economies of access and control ‘They are used to control people, and they are used to resist control. This is quite apparent, ‘most especially through the symbolie power of the news and broadcast media, Language use is not simply a way of communicating, but a powerful resource for representing (or manipulating) its users, especially the young people ~ so-called “digital natives". None of this is especially new: every generation likes to “complain” about the next generation's communication practices ‘This is an important context in which language ean be seen taking place in and around new ‘media, and how it continues to evolve with every new technological revolution taking place. COMMUNICATION PLANNING ‘The communication planning process involves defining the types of information you will deliver, who are the intended recipients of that information, the format for communicating it, and the timing of ts release and distribution, ‘The key goal is to make sure everybody gets the right message at the right time, It serves various purposes: 1. To inform 2. To persuade 3. To prevent misunderstanding 4. To present a point of view or reduce barriers ‘Steps in Communication Planning 1. Research and analyze current situation Establish goals and objectives (short and long term), |. Identify the target audience (what they know, what influences them, communication impediments, etc). Conceptualize on key messages. Strategize on communication styles and platform(). Evaluate and anticipate. PERFORMANCE TASK: Communication Flows, Communication Flaws Follow the step-by-step process of communication planning. The date, time, and platform or submission of the output will be agreed upon by you and your professor. 1. Think of one of the “situations” in your college that needs to be addressed. (Research and analyze current situation.) 2. Identify what you want to happen in this situation (Seek to inform? call to action? seck to change behavior?) (Establish goals and objectives) 3. Determine person(s) who need(s) to know what should be done. (Identify the tanget audience (what they know, what influences them, eammunieation impediments, ete.) tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 301988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. 4. Develop the message you want the audience to know! believe in. (Conceptualize on key messages.) Decide on your communication vehicle (essay? FB post? video? letter? memo? audio? musie vide), (Strategize on communication styles and platform.) 6. Decide on how the message will be reached by the target audience, and what to do if the audience does not reveivel respond. (Bvaluate and anticipate.) ‘Communication Strategies in Techbased Communication ‘Modern technology did not only usher in new forms of language used in new media, but also paved the way on how communication takes place and how messages are presented. Part of communication planning is deciding on the platform in which the message will be presented. In some cases, the use of technology will do wonders for your presentation, 7 OO ee PowToon eS ‘Multimedia presentations often always require the use of technology, and these, when used properly, can do wonders for your presentation, They are visually-oriented and allow multimodality (as discussed in Lesson 8) and the use of such features as text, graphics, photos, audio, anmations, and video, ‘There are a wide array of presentation software and tools to choose from, some of which are free and very user‘friendly, that is, you do not need training to be able to utilize the software and ‘maximize its features, Regardless of the software or technological tool that you use, there are a few factors that you need to bear in mind in using technology as an aid to communication’ 1. Koop it simple. Avoiding including too much information in a graphic or in one slide. The message should be immediate and clear. By keeping the visual material simple, you also ‘maintain maximum personal contact with your audience 2. Emphasize only on key ideas. When you call attention to ideas with a graphic presentation, make sure the graphic clearly illustrates your essential points and the important supporting data, 8. Show what you can't say, The best use of visual media is to reveal material you can't easily describe orally or with written text. Graphies, photos, charts, and illustrations ean accomplish this objective. 4. Keep the number of images you present manageable. Too many images will tire your audience (0 will too much text). Right to ten images should be the maximum number for most presentations, Combine variety with coherence, If you use several images, vary the design to make them interesting, but keep thom aesthetically consistent. 6. Use large lettering. Use large text font sizes with minimal use of serfs s0 the audience can ‘read the text easily. In addition, do not flood your presentation with text. tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 401988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Comicon Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following! Discuss the importance of oral communication skills in the workplace Describe the pressing challenges encountered by business communicators Expound on the fundamentals of online interviews. Discuss the essentials of physical and virtual meetings. Observe the etiquette of face-to-face and online meetings. Show the ability to communieate through independent and group communicative learning activities Oral Communication in the Workplace ‘Your activity in the company or organization that you will be part of in the future involves a Jot of oral communication, More often than not, your daily tasks require effective communication. Hence, your good communication skill is important because it helps you and your company meet sired goals for personal and business productivity. The importance of oral communication skill at the workplace is evident in various researches conducted among organization executives, managers employees and trainees. These researches have revealed that effective oral communication skill takes the top place among the business skills needed in the company for its quality performance. Oral communication skill in business is highly valued. Without exception, everybody in needs it to communicate details of information, discuss strategies, map out plans, close business agreements, work in teams, and deal with managers, employees, business partners, guests or clients. To improve yourself, you also need communication skill to help you initiate personal plans, lead project undertakings, and solve pressing problems. Executives and managers need good communication skills to demonstrate effective leadership, efficient transaction, quality performance, and excellent productivity. busine ‘Successful businesses have gained their good reputation because strong communication skill is fully recognized and developed among employees. However, some companies’ need for employees with effective communication skil is all too often unfulfilled, Some business transaetions miss the ‘mark as business people fail to convey proper course of communication, Pressing Challenges in Workplace Communication Communication has always been essential in any business’ growth and development, As lfective communication is needed to be able to operate and become successful, pressing challenges do interfere and are likely to affect your work and communication in the future. Business communicators have always encountered communication problems. Some of these problems are sometimes hhard to avoid or deal with, Andrea Campbell, author of Top 10 Team Communication Issues and How to Avoid Them, believe that poor communication skills create business problems. Page 410 96 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 411988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. ‘One of these is the team communication issues and problems among people at work. Common eases being encountered are those with coworkers (D losing trust with others, (@) poor cooperation among team members, and sometimes (3) the disapproval or disrespect from colleagues or immediate superior. ‘The said problems are considered communication challenges. The terms refer to the problem when the manager does not provide feedback or coaching, If there is no feedback, it means there is xno communication. Campbell echoed the idea of Leigh Branham, the author of 7 Hidden Reasons Employees Leave, She said, as quoted, that the root problems of this issue are managers! inattention to people they supervise. They provide irregular or nonexistent feedback. People get criticisms instead of praise. Worse is that feedback is not valued or valuable at al ‘To avoid or solve the issue, Branham suggested (1) improving coaching and feedback especially among the new recruits: (2) setting up mentoring programs with experienced employees: and (3) requiring managers to provide feedback. Communicative Learning Activity: Effective Group Communication Form a group of four or five persons (if possible: if not, this ean be a class activity) and discuss the importance of Effective Oral Communication Skills. Accomplish the chart below after your discussion. You may refer to the notes from the previous page or research on the topic to accomplish this learning aetivity. Observe time limit for this activity as determined by your professor. Instructions! Accomplish the chart by (1) identifying the communicators in business, (2) writing the communication skills that each communicator has to develop, and (3) suggesting ways on how to develop the skills. One or two ways may be enough for each skill ‘Communicators | Communication Skills | Ways to Develop Communication in Business ‘killa tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 421988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Ppive Comicon ‘Top Communication Issues Campbell identified top ten communication issues that business communicators have to consider tobe able to avoid or solve them, 1, Failure to Listen. Ineffective listening is a big problem in communication, Good communication fails when one doesn’t pay much attention or plan what to say before one fends his statement, Many distractions affect effective listening. Team members are distracted by the thoughts bothering his mind. They have short attention span. Other distractions like noise and other physical barriers present in the environment take toll resulting to communication fsilure. To avoid it, speakers have to emphasize the importance of active listening in the discussion. Also point out that inattentiveness results to different ‘understanding of the topic being discussed. Speakers also have to maintain eye contact during the conversation or discussion. 2 Culture Differences. ‘The diversity of backgrounds and cultural customs create communication issues among team members and leaders. People would just love to stay along with people of the same background. Hence, leaders face challenges of grouping and team communication hurdles. ‘To avoid it, try to promote “unity in diversity” wherein team ‘members have to be assigned to different groups to break the usual grouping, 3, Locale or Distance to Office. The office location or its distance to its employees or contributors entails problem in the communication. The company usually resorts to email, phone oF video conferencing. The very low level of interaction in electronic communication poses a communication barrier, It causes misunderstanding and failures, ‘To solve it, meetings should be done at the nearest venue and on a regular schedule, Important issues and solutions ean be posted or sent to all for further knowledge and verification. 4, Bgo and Attitude, Selfimage or ego often affects team's effort to execute plans. One's arrogance causes trouble, and more often, teamwork ends due to one's defiance. Arrogant ‘team member could not accept the fact that he contributes to team's problem. The presence of conflict is evident when someone displays inequality or bias and doesn't want to take ‘responsibility. To solve it, the team leader or manager should promote better understanding ‘as the group discusses the issue, He has to redirect the group to be able to meet the goals Calmness and tactfulness help reduce tension and friction between or among team members 5, Authority or Hierarchy Problems, The authority that the team leader or manger demonstrates more often creates intimidation or gap with team members. They become shy and hesitant to approach or talk to their manager for authority being shown doesn't create friendly atmosphere, To resolve, managers or team leaders should promote harmoniously relation among the team members. Communicate to the members about the intention of helping and letting them feel they are important. And they can approach the managers for consultation or discussion on personal or work-related issues, 6. Poorly Written Communication. The confusion or misunderstanding of in interoffice busines communication is due to poor content of written documents, substandard organization, fractured grammar, among other flaws in written interoffice materials. To avoid it, ensure ‘that documents are welledited and proofread by best editor in the department. Allow other ‘eyes to check for mistakes in grammar, spelling, punetuations, and organizations, 7. Gender Bias. ‘The choice of which gender makes a moro effective leader in the department is aan issue of gender bias, This gender discrimination ereates problem in the organization, ‘To avoid this, team leaders or managers should ensure that the issue on gender choice is set tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 43198,8728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. aside in tackling issues or taking course of action for the department. Speak about concerns without engaging in demeaning oneself, Avoid gender-bias language or terms that connote gender. For example, use chairperson for chairman or chairwoman, 8, Focus or Listening Problems. Inability of employees to focus on the issue is equivalent to listening problems. The generation gap is often the cause of communication barrier that affects the achievement of department goals. To help avoid it, leaders or managers have to initiate mutual understanding regardless of age. Encourage teamwork and unity despite difforences of age, sex, social status, and family background. Understand one's weaknesses ‘and capitalize on one’s strength, 9. Inadequate Knowledge. Little knowledge is dangerous. Hence, team performance is affected due to ineffective education or lack of understanding or other inadequate knowledge foundation. To resolve it, leaders or managers encourage team members to upgrade knowledge by pursuing higher degree programs, Include in the annual target plan the participation of members to seminar, training or conferences. Promote reading culture in the ‘department and productive focus group discussion. 10. Cliques, Groups and Friendships. Group membership or group affiliation or exclusive grouping of team members can sometimes create segregation, To avoid it, promote teamwork. spirit in the department. Conduet team building activities to promote objectivity, teamwork, cooperation, and unity in diversity. Communicative Learning Activity: Etfective Oral Communication Skills 1. Prepare for this game called Paper Fold Exercise. The purpose ofthis activity is to determine issues in communication skills such as listening, lack of feedback, or different contexts/backgrounds, among others. You have to prepare eight ' sheet of paper as material for each person, Allot 10 to 15 minutes plus discussion time. Instructions to participants: This exervise requires listening to and following diteetions, As ‘you hear the instructions, perform the task. You may not ask questions. You must close your feyes. 1) Fold your sheet of paper in half 2) Tear off the upper right comer of the paper 2) Fold your paper in half again 4) Tear off the lower right corner 5) Fold your paper in half 6) Tear off the upper left commer 7) Fold in halfa final time 8) Tear off the lower left corner 9) Unfold your paper and hold it up 10) Open your eyes, look at your product and compare it with the fother students’ paper. Debrief: What happened? Does everyone's paper look the same? Input: Remember when you communicate with others, they may not receive the message you sent, Individual perceptions vary. If you were given the same directions, why are everyone's products different? People have different contexts. You were not given feedback...you had to ‘keep your eyes closed and you could not ask questions 2. In not more than five sentences, write your thoughts or realization based on your experience from the game. You may share your answer in class tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 441988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. asi Puposve Communication PERFORMANCE TASK: BUSINESS COMMUNICATOR CHALLENGES Read the Top Ten Communication Issues as identified by Campbell, These ten problems are basically observed, but since these ten problems may not be true to all business organizations, you are to identify which problems are present in one business organization. Your task now is to conduct an informal, online OR physical interview with a manager, supervisor, or any business owner. Discuss with him/her the communication issues being observed in higher post. Weite the identified communication issues and explanation on the space below. Prepare to present this in lass. ‘You may use this template in accomplishing this task: Name of Student: Program: Name of Business Owner Interviewed Name of Business Nature and Type of Business: Most Common Communication Issues in the Business Possible Reasons for Encountering these Issues Ways done to Address such Issues Page 450 98 tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 451988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. Preparing the Cover/ Application Letter A fow years from now, you will enter the world of professional work. Bur before you land in any job, one of the first steps that you have to do is prepare a cover or application letter. When you are applying for a new position, a cover letter is extremely important as your resumé or curriculum vitae (CV). ‘The purpose of the cover letter is to persuade your reader to consider reading your resumé. This contains little information of the job which you are applying, as well as your strongest qualities and qualifications Writing a Job Application Letter or a Cover Lotter Preparing A resume’ or a CV and application letters or cover letters are essential parts of job Jhunting. A job application letter or a cover letter is like a sales letter in which you sell your knowledge and competence, Itis the most essential part of the application as this is far more than just a note saying "Please find enclosed my CV: Usually, this is the part of your application that really sells you to your potential employer. Without a good cover letter, your résumé is unlikely to be read. Remember that your application letter is your selling factor. Your main goal is to market yourself, Think about competition: your judges are your readers. They are professionals who select ‘and hire you, With hundreds or thousands of applicants, make sure that your application letter has to standout. Therefore, your application letter and accompanying resume have to attract professionals’ attention, Your final goal is to get an interview. When you are writing the application letter, bear in mind to achieve the four important tasks: Cateh the reader's attention purposively. ‘Tailor it to the company, to the employer, and tothe job. Persuade the reader that you are a qualified applicant for the job. Request an interview. iter writing the application letter, use the checklist below to make sure your letter has already met the needed information, ¥- Thetitle of the job, source of your information and the statement of your objective have to be clear. There should be a summary of your qualification for the job. This includes work experience, educational background, and summary of relevant skills such as leadership skills, skills, organizational skills, and intercultural communication skills ¥- Indicate that you enclosed your CV or resumé. ¥ Request for an interview. This includes place and time you will be available and the contact, information such as phone numbers and email addresses, Identify the job. Include any information that is not included in your CV or resumé. Before submitting your application letter, proofread it carefully, Free it from grammatical ‘mistakes and organizational inconsistencies, Cheek also for correet punetuations, margins, spacing, and right letter format. General guidelines for the overall structure of your cover letter ‘+ Format your cover letter for post, mail or email. It should consist of one page only. ‘+ Include your complete address, email address, phone numbers, + Use the tile of the petson when you address him/her in the letter. Ifyou can't find a name, write ‘Dear Sit/ Madamme.” tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 461988728/23, 945 PIM PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION MODULE - Allen Franels Mascariias Moncayo - Page 1 -98 | Flip POF Online | PubHTMLS. + Use standard, easy-to-read font. Make it readable. Times New Roman or Arial is preferred: it should be no smaller than L1 for readability on seveen, ‘Sample Application Letters ‘Two sample letters of application from JobStreet.com are presented below. The first letter (Sample #1) follows the correct format that you should follow when sending out the application letter in print form, The second letter (Sample #2) shows the tailored format when submitting your application letter through emai ‘Sample 1 (Print Copy) 22H Venture St. Diliman, Quezon City Philippines Apri 17, 2015 Mr. Vineent Chua Hiring Manager Bank of the Philippines Islands (BPD LIP Ayala LiferPGU Center, Ayala Ave. Makati City 1226 Dear Mr. Chua, 1 am writing to express my interest for the position of Recruitment Assistant in your esteemed company. Having recently obtained my Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration major in Human Resource Development Management (BSBA-HRDM) in the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), I wish to bring my knowledge, skills and commitment to excellence to your ‘company’s innovative environment, As a Business Administration student, majoring in HR management, Ive become equipped with the necessary knowledge that come with the position including manpower recruitment, workforce organization, personnel training and compensation as well as legal provisions and other labor My internship at San Miguel Corporation also afforded me with the crucial skills to work with some of the best professionals in the recruitment and human resources industry. Being a trainee has developed in me enthusiasm and a true passion for human resources and has subsequently convinced me that human resource management is my true calling. For additional dotails regarding my qualification and expertise, please review my attached resume. ‘Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, signature) sJessiea Cenadoza, tps pubrimis.comongnvbsjyPURPOSIVE_CONMUNICATION_MODULE! 4798