Unit 27 mmar @ Inversions / possessives Inversions with negative adverbial words and phrases ‘When we put some negative adverbial words and phrases at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis, the subject and the verb ‘invert’, This means we use the question form of the verb, even though. the sentence is not a question. Inversions are quite formal and are not usually used in conversation. Form —_negative adverbial word/phrase + question form ‘No sooner had | accepted the job than they told me | had to work weekends. Negative adverbial Example Never Never have | worked so hard in all my life. Rarely Rarely have! worked so hard in all my life. Seldom | Seldom have | worked sohardin all my life. No sooner (...than) No sooner had Matt started work than he resigned. Hardly (..when) Hardly had Matt started workwhen he resigned. Notonly/... but also/too) Not only were you late for work, but you had also forgotten the report. | Under no circumstances Under no circumstances are employees allowed to leave the building without permission. Ato time/point At no time/point was! told what the job involved. Little Little did | realise that | would become managing director just two years later. Notuntil ‘Not until the next day did hear that | had got the job. Only Only at the end of the interview did | think | hada chance of getting the job. AZ @ littleis used with verbs of thought (realise, know, suspect, ete) and means’! did not realise/etc atoll! arch OF Y Little did 1know how things were going to turn out. did not know at all how things were going to turn out.) not until and only, you have to be careful about which verb to invert. ¥ Not until thad finished my homework was allowed to go out. X -Notuntithad-Hfinished my homework was allowed i0.90-0ut— Only when I had finished my homework was | allowed to go out. x ‘ Other inversions Use Example ‘ma plumber.’ ‘Really? Soam Il" My sister doesntt like getting ready for work,and neither do /nor do I. In short answers and other similar ‘structures using 50, neither and nor The manager was nervous about the director's vist, as were the rest of the staff. After as,so and such ‘So late was it that there was no one inthe office. ‘Such a hot day wasit that no one wanted to work. Were our staff better trained, we might make a larger proft.(= If our staff were In conditional sentences better trained ..) Had I known about the vacancy, |would have applied. (=If |had known ..) LE @ Remember that ‘So am/do/have'' is used to agree with a positive statement and ‘Neither/Nor Syyater MCS om/to/have is used to agree with a negative statement. “really like my job.’ ‘So do really don't like my ob.’ ‘Neither do t/Nordo 1’ 166Possessive 's and s’ We can show possession by using ‘sand s! lnversions / possessives Unit 27 Use ‘We use ‘with singular nouns, including names, and with irregular plurals which do not end ins. We just add an apostrophe to regular plural nouns ending in-s Example That's the manager's car, over there. We are stil waiting for Sarah's decision about who to take on. think that women's rights should be protected by law. ‘The workers” pay was increased by ten percent. ‘We use’s or s'in sometime expressions. We usually use’s or s‘with people (or groups composed of people) and animals. For other things, we normally use of the/myletc. ‘Afteran hour's wai. finally got to see the manager. MM! be at the factory in about ten minutes’ time. 's this John’s briefcase? We held ameeting to discuss the company's finances. The vet had a close lookat the car’s paw. The technician hada close look at the back of my computer. (not ..at my computer’ back) arch ON. x 1 ‘s of The President of France's x {© With singular names ending in 5, some people use Sand some people just add an apostrophe. They are both correct, although using ‘sis more common. of The reportis on Charles's computer in the office. The reports on Charles’ computerin the office. © With plural names ending in -s, we just add an apostrophe, as with other plurals. The Smiths’ business eventually closed down, © With phrases, the possessive ‘sand s’must go at the end of the whole phrase. ¥ Tom, Dick and Harry's office is around here somewhere. Possessive determiners and pronouns Structure Possessive determiners (my, your, his, her its, our their) come before anoun and show possession Possessive pronouns (mine yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs) are used instead of anoun Possessive pronouns can also be used after of to show Example ‘Im really excited about my new job. Are you looking forwardto meeting your new boss? ‘My new job is reat How about yours? (= ..your job) Our business is doing quite wellbut | hear Simon and Julie ere having problems with theirs. (= «their business) She'sa colleague ofmine. ‘Are they customers of yours? _one of my colleagues) x &. {© A common mistake to be avoided is using a possessive pronoun instead of a possessive determiner or using a determiner instead of a pronoun. ¥ I don'treally geton so well with my boss. ¥ know your job is dangerous, but did Frank and Jenny tell you about theirs? 2 -Howyourjobirdangerous bute Frankend Jenny tellyouebeuttheir?— © Remember that there are no apostrophes in possessive pronouns. © Don't get confused between its (possessive determiner, without an apostrophe) and its (contraction for it sor ithas,with an apostrophe). ¥ Ourcompany ishoping to increaseiits share of the market. 167Unit 27 Grammar A Write when or than in each gap. i 1 Hardly had we started the fire alarm went. 2 No sooner had we set off .. my brother needed the toilet. if 3 Nosooner were the animals caught .. .. they escaped again. ; 4 Hardly had I closed my eyes .. | dropped off to sleep. 5 No sooner do I do the washing there's another pile to be done. i 6 Hardly were we in position the bomb went off. 2 B Choose the correct answer. No S00N2F snnnses down than the phone 7 Rarely wnennn about the environment 2 rang. enough to give up their car. iu A Thad sat B dolsit A dopeoplecare B people care C had Isat D was! sitting ate people cate D carepeople , 2 NeVer nme a greater day inthehistory 8 Only when ws... may vehicles cross } of mankind. the train tracks. A did there be B wasthere A isthegreen light on FI C therewas D there has been B the green lightis on 3 AMO tiMeE sevmnn thet he was the killer, Cidid the greenlight beon, a A Ididn't suspect B was! suspect Dion's the green light fs C Ihadsuspected D did’ suspect 9 Seldom senune such a rude person! 2 Little nvnne that knew his secret. A bavelinet By lbave met C didimet D amimeeting ni A didJohnknow — B John did know was Johnknow D John knew 10 — Onlyafter doing his chores... to meet his friends, 5 NOtUNtil neue her did I realise how beautiful she was. A Jason wasallowed A Isaw B didlsee B did Jason allow ee peels C was allowed Jason i D was Jasonallowed 6 Not only sana my keys,l've lost my : wallet, too. A thave lost B arellost i € Idid lose D have | lost C if a word or phrase in bold is correct, puta tick (/). If itis incorrect, rewrite it correctly. ‘ : 1 Hardly Tom had opened the door when the dog ran out into the street. 2 Only when fread the book did | realise why it was so special... 3 Notonlyyou passed the exam, but you also got an A\ .. 4 Not untildo! see Greg next week will | know whether he got the job. 5 No sooner had we found our seats than the film began. 6 —Atno point while the race is taking place members of the publicare notallowed ‘onto the track. “ 7 Under no circumstances do the equipment to be used without supervision.Inversions /possessives Unit 27 8 Little I thought that one day my best friend would become prime minister. 9 Never did I be so pleased to see someone else succeed. . 10 Hardly Ihad put the baby to bed when she started crying, D Complete using the correct form of the words in brackets, No sooner (1) ... (1/ start) working at Taylforth Nielsen, the computer company, than | realised it was the perfect opportunity for my hobby: hacking! Don't get me wrong. At no point (2) . (1/ have) ever stolen anything. | do it for the challenge. Not only (3) .. I / like) proving | can do it, but sometimes (4). {it / help) a company to build a better security system. Rarely (5) (they / see) it lke that, of course. | decided | would see if | could break into the Grand Bank system. Little (6) ......0 waiting for me, (1 / realise) what was The second day of working there, hardly (7) (everyone else / leave) when | started to try simple passwords. Seldom (8) (this / is) enough, though. You usually have to work much harder than that. Not until midnight (9) (I / get) access to the Grand Bank system. Hardly (10) on (I / have) time to look around the system when the door to my office flew open and three men rushed in. Only when (11) (they / show) me their ID (12) ... (I / realise) that it was the police They had been expecting something like this and had traced my computer! Not only (13) snvn(t / be fired), but (14) (they / keep) all my ‘computer records, too. Maybe it’s time to find another hobby. E Complete the sentences so that the meaning remains the same. 1 Photographs are not permitted under any circumstances. Under .. 2 We've neverfaced such a serious problem as this. Never . eseensacaeseen i 3. _Lonly realised it was Vanessa when she removed her hat. ks Only sti | | 4 Theaudience didn't auch at any point during the show. ot At ‘i a 5 Assoonas Patrick had finished the e-mail, he sent it. No 6 _ It wasn’t clear who was going to win the match until the last few minutes, Not 7 Dennis passed his driving test and had an accident almost immediately afterwards. Hardly 169Unit 27 Grammar 170 8B — Ididn’t learn the result of the match untill read the evening paper. Only ... 9 The president will not resign under any circumstances. Under 10 The accused showed no emotion at any time during the tral. At, F Complete the responses to these statements. 1 ‘\wish | had more money’ 2 ‘We never seem to spend much time together in my family’ "Neither . 3 ‘mot going to Jacob's party next Sunday’ ‘Nor 4 ‘Ididn’t do my homework last night! 5 ‘ill be on holiday this time next week! 7 ‘ishould really get more exercise! ‘So. ‘ G Write one word ineach gap. 1 Sucha long way it that we decided to go by train, 2 Sobadly sn | play chess that | almost never agree to have a game. 3 Pupils are expected to behave politely, aS .r.cussmanne Members of staff. 4 So tired .. I that | decided to lie down for a while. 5 Sucha threatto society .. you that! have no choice but to send you to prison. 6 Socold.. it last winter that all our pipes froze. 7 Calculators are banned from the examining room,as . .» dictionariesand handheld computers. 8 Ihave been having very strange dreams lately, as «. my twin sister. H Form possessives from the nouns given. Billys Gilly): (my mum (our next door neighbours): (George the Fifth... opinion . cooking v= holiday home magazines car (women): .. (the boss eNauswneInversions / possessives Unit 27 9 Uack and Jil: wedding 10 (students): .. marks 11 (children): sn shoes 12 (politician: sect promises 1 Complete using the words in the hox. Use each word only once. their my Tell Michelle that it’s my problem, not su 1 Are you sure thisisn't... ._, because it looks just ke the one Iwas given for Christmas? 3 Thanks for the offer, but I think Ill use... ‘own money. 4 _ |sawa wallet on the floor next toa couple of tourists and asked ther Ne 5 Remind your sister to bring..... book to the lesson tomorrow. 6 — fmnotsure,but! think a» Mark's bag, isn'tit? 7 Could you make sure that your children don't leave please? 8 What secrets do you think the Moon might be . toysin my garden again, ing within se CFaters? J Ifaline is correct, put a tick (7) nextto the number. If there is an extra word in a line, write it next to the number. FIRST DAY AT WORK Well Trisha, that’s my own first day at my new job out of the way. wasn’t sure what to expect, butit turned out okay. My manager was really nice, much nicer than yours boss sounds from your letter. No sooner had | arrived at work than did he made me a cup of tea! It was a really pleasant surprise. Not only didhe do that, but he was also kind enough to explain to me how everything worked. The office is really modern and its comfortable. The other people all have their own desks, but mine desk stil hasn't been delivered, so 1am sharing with someone else for now. Little did | not realise when | took the job that | was going to enjoy it somuch.| have finally found ajob that | waovauaunas m