HUMAN

COMPUTER
INTERACTION
 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
○ Develop appropriate user interfaces for domain
CHED specific applications.

CMO No. 25 ○ Evaluate the effectiveness of a design of an

Series of 2015 application or product in solving domain-specific
problems

○ Analyze different user populations with regard to

their abilities and characteristics for using both
software and hardware products

○ Evaluate the design of existing user interfaces

based on the cognitive models of target user
 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
CHED ○ Develop prototype interfaces for users with specific
accessibility issues
CMO No. 25
Series of 2015 ○ Perform usability evaluation of an existing software
based on general principles used in heuristic
evaluation, usability performance and preference
metrics (learning, task time, task completion, and
user satisfaction) and common usability guidelines
and standards
 HCI
Human
The person that is using the system and
people that they work and
communicate with.
Computer
The machine or the network of machines
that run the system.
Interaction
The interface system for the user.
 Why HCI?
-Figuring out how people interact with computers and
digital devices.
-Creating the look and functionality of those devices'
interfaces.
-Building those interfaces to make them work.
-Testing them with real users to make sure they work well
and are easy to use.
 Design

Implementati
Evaluation
on
 7
○ Good design brings people joy. It helps
people do things that we care about and
helps us connect to people that we care
about.
Good Design
○ Good user interfaces have tremendous
impact on both individuals ability to
accomplish things and society’s graphical
user interfaces help put computing on
hundreds of millions of desks, enabling us
to do things like create documents and
share photos and connect with family and
find information
 8
○ Bad Design is frustrating and cost lives.
○ Medical devices, airplane accidents, and
nuclear disasters are just three domains
where bad interfaces and software errors
Bad Design have caused serious injury and many deaths.
These are big-ticket items that takes a lot of
time produce. These problems could have
been easily avoided by fixing these problems
require following just basic principles. Like,
consistency and feedback. If effective
principles for interface design were widely
known, some of these disasters might have
been avoided.
 9

example
Voice Mail System
Voice Mail System vs.
The marble answering
machine
Imagine the following scenario. You are staying at a hotel for a week while10
on a business trip. You discover you have left your cell phone at home so
you have to rely on the hotel's facilities. The hotel has a voice mail system
for each room. To find out if you have a message, you pick up the handset
and listen to the tone. If it goes ‘beep, beep, beep’ there is a message. To
find out how to access the message you have to read a set of instructions
next to the phone. You read and follow the first step:
‘1. Touch 41.’ The system responds: ‘You have reached the Sunny Hotel
voice message center. Please enter the room number for which you would
like to leave a message.’ You wait to hear how to listen to a recorded
message. But there are no further instructions from the phone. You look
down at the instruction sheet again and read:
‘2. Touch*, your room number, and #.’
 11
○ You do so and the system replies: ‘You have reached the mailbox for
room 106. To leave a message, type in your password.’
○ You type in the room number again and the system replies: ‘Please
enter room number again and then your password.’ You don't know
what your password is. You thought it was the same as your room
number, but clearly it's not. At this point you give up and call
reception for help. The person at the desk explains the correct
procedure for recording and listening to messages. This involves
typing in, at the appropriate times, the room number and the
extension number of the phone (the latter is the password, which is
different from the room number). Moreover, it takes six steps to
access a message and five steps to leave a message. You go out
and buy a new cell phone.
What is problematic with this voice mail system? 12

○ It is infuriating.
○ It is confusing.
○ It is inefficient, requiring you to carry out a number of steps for basic
tasks.
○ It is difficult to use. It has no means of letting you know at a glance
whether any messages have been left or how many there are. You have
to pick up the handset to find out and then go through a series of steps
to listen to them.
○ It is not obvious what to do: the instructions are provided partially by
the system and partially by a card beside the phone.
 13

The marble answering machine

 14
Figure 1.1 shows two small sketches of an answering machine phone.
Incoming messages are represented using physical marbles. The number
of marbles that have moved into the pinball-like chute indicates the
number of messages. Dropping one of these marbles into a slot in the
machine causes the recorded message to play. Dropping the same
marble into another slot on the phone dials the caller who left the
message

○ How does the marble answering machine differ from the voice mail
system?
 15

History
of HCI
 ○ Human
Computer
A Brief History
Interaction
of Human
is the academic
Computer discipline that most of
Interaction us think of as UI design.

○ It focuses on the way that interactions between

human beings and computers interact to ever
increasing levels of both complexity
and simplicity.
 17

○ Mid to late 1970s,

It’s a Very this discipline wasn’t particularly important.
New
○ It wasn’t necessary to focus on how those
Discipline users interacted with computers

○ The masses wanted computing and they

didn’t want to go through complicated
rigmarole to do what they wanted with a
computer.
 18

The emergence of HCI dates back to

the 1980s, when personal computing
was on the rise. It was when desktop
computers started appearing in
households and corporate offices.
HCI’s journey began with video
games, word processors, and
numerical units
 ○ This is known as “cognitive engineering” e.g. 19

building things that work with our thoughts.

Engineerin
○ It had already started to simplify the user
g interface of complex airplanes.

○ It was natural for some of this work to move

into the UI field for computing devices.
 20

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is defined

as the field of study that focuses on
What is HCI optimizing how users and computers
interact by designing interactive computer
interfaces that satisfy users’ needs. It is a
multidisciplinary subject covering computer
science, behavioral sciences, cognitive
science, ergonomics, psychology, and design
principles.
 21
○ Humans interact with computers in many ways; and the interface
between humans and the computers they use is crucial to facilitating
this interaction. Desktop applications, internet browsers, handheld
A Brief History computers, and computer kiosks make use of the prevalent
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) of today.
of Human
Computer ○ Voice User Interfaces (VUI) are used for speech recognition and
Interaction synthesizing systems, and the emerging multi-modal and Gestalt
User Interfaces (GUI) allow humans to engage with embodied
character agents in a way that cannot be achieved with other
interface paradigms.

○ The growth in human-computer interaction field has been in quality

of interaction, and in different branching in its history. Instead of
designing regular interfaces, the different research branches have
had different focus on the concepts of multimodality rather than
unimodality, intelligent adaptive interfaces rather than
command/action-based ones, and finally active rather than passive
interfaces.
 22

Human
Computer
Interaction
Brief Intro
 “
Human-computer interaction (HCI)
is an area of research and practice that
emerged in the early 1980s, initially as a
specialty area in computer science
embracing cognitive science and human
factors engineering.
 “
24

HCI has expanded rapidly and steadily

for three decades, attracting
professionals from many other disciplines
and incorporating diverse concepts and
approaches.
 “
25

HCI now aggregates a collection of

semi-autonomous fields of research
and practice in
human-centered informatics.
 26

Where HCI
came from?
 “
27

Personal computing and personal computer

platforms ….. vividly highlighted the
deficiencies of computers with respect
to usability for those
who wanted to use computers as tools.
“
28
 “
29

The original and abiding

technical focus of HCI was and is
the concept of usability.
 “
30

Usability qualities like

Fun, well being, collective efficacy, aesthetic
tension, enhanced creativity, flow, support
for human development, and others.
 “
31

Usability is an emergent
quality that reflects the grasp
and the reach of HCI.
Contemporary users want
more from a system than
merely “ease of use”.
 “
32

HCI is taught now in many departments/faculties that

address information technology, including
- psychology - design
- communication studies - cognitive science
- information science - science & technology studies
- geographical sciences - management information systems
- industrial, manufacturing & systems engineering.
 “
33

HCI expanded from its initial focus on individual and

generic user behavior to include:
- social and organizational computing
- accessibility for the elderly
- cognitively and physically impaired
- widest possible spectrum of human experiences and activities.
 “
34

In the 1980s HCI academic programs train many different

types of professionals: user experience designers, interaction
designers, user interface designers, application designers,
usability engineers, user interface developers, application
developers, technical communicators/online information
designers, and more.
“
35
“
36
 “
37

Today, HCI is a vast and multifaceted community,

bound by the evolving concept ofusability,
and the integrating commitment
value human activity and
to

experience as the primary driver in technology.