3 van . Sac isco \O “ y % Byfleet Citizen Empowered Dg eos aTiai ale — F Second Edition ICTECH Computing x Py Tet EdTech Department @ She CT Ae AAcknowledgements Project Lead General Manager Education Technology Project Team EDTECH Department & Regional Computing Curriculum Leaders Group Head Office: 31 - Industriel Area, Guru Mangat Road. Gulberg Ill, Lahore, Pakistan. Ph: +92 (42) 11 444 123, Fax: +92 (42) 35773065 Website: www thecityschooledu,pk The entire computing curriculum is mapped with the attainment levels of the UK National Curriculum, ICDL and ISTE Student Standards 2017-2018. na © | C D L STE for Education Sinco 1978 The City Sehool All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any part by any ‘means at any time.Table of Contents Internet Search Techniques & e-Safety 1. What isa Search Engine? on 12, How do Search Engines Work? sun 13, Internet Searching Strategies. co 14, Ethicol Citation... 1B. Digitol Citizenship eee eee 18, O1QMO! RESON nee VP. Cyber Bullying eee nen 1B. FORE NEWS one ener 19, POP-UP BIOCKINGonvmnsnnnntmnnensn 110. Live Streoming... AML. Password Protection. nce-ee-nen 12, PRVOCY PROTECTION nae — Advance Imaging... 21, INFOAUCTION snes 2.2. What are Raster Grophles?.-nn-nnnnennnnn 23. Adobe Photoshop Interface noone 24, Understanding Lovers in PROTOSNOP eno 25, Selection Tools in PhOlOSHOP -nswee-vne= 26. Resolution, Color Mode and Color Adjusiment.— 27. Resizing Image. Enlarging, and Compressing... 28, Image Adjustments and Enhancements... SAGEM eect ortae Z21u.Border, Shadow, Bevel and EMBOSS ee 212 Loyer Opacity and Blending 22, Layer Ble anne nsnne ne 214. Hue and SOLFO eee nnennnnneen 215, PerSpeCtiVe CFOP OO nen erennnn 210 HEIOUCH 10016 eevee 247, Saving Images for Print MEd ween 218 Saving Images FOF WEB noe ) 37 40 owTable of Contents Handling Databases with Researches BAL What Is @ Database? ecnneeenene " ss 32. Introduction to MS ACCESS. vance 33, Datatypes in MS ACCESS enn snin-nnnnnnn - - 34, Understanding Tables in MS Access... 35. Creating Relationships Detween Tables... - a 36, Constraints in Database. 37. Creating Relationships in MS Access... 2 3. Simple and Complex Queries in MS ACCESS moma 39, Forms and Reports in MS ACCESS wm:nsasnnmnnnnn nnnsnnnanen 2 310, Import and Export Data in MS Access, even nen 66 SAY, Microsoft MOP § noes weenoneeenn - een oven Developing Applications.. 41. What Is User Interface Design nnn 42, Characteristics of Good User Interface wnnmonnnnnenmennnn 43, Bod User Inter neers a an T8 444, Getting Started with Visual StU Sse aa79 45, Basic GUI Controls in Visual BASIC ene - secsealB? Hi VC cece cecrencmre uray wens screens 47, Datta Types vnnensnaemnnninsneninnnnnnitanenine pone 48, Conditional Statements reeves nt ene? 49, Conditional Operator re nne-neeennnenn nnn —— 4490, Looping Statements nneeoneveenenmntanec nese 90 4M, Event Handling... 412. Functions and SUbrOUtINES renee “ 4B. MOdUIES nu-nenmannennnnnimn 414 Program Debugging and Error Handling 96Table of Contents Programming Robots & Single Board Computers... 5A, Single-Board Computers 101, 52. Introduction to Raspberry Piece sicracarersancretecmancs lO 53, Raspberry Pi Architecture nme sa eee | 54, PYtRON BOSICS vee nnsnnnnmnnnnennnnn voeennnnacminennmninnnnn IO 55. Voridbles in PYLON ncnuneennneem es a 107 5.6. LIST in PYthan cece nueennnsevncensnnee nn cena 108 5. Conditional Statements in Python. 10 5.8. Conditional and Logical Oper atOFS on sstrenoneamutaonisenmennaltt 59. Looping Statement in PythoM eran ssecstaenay sracsecsscensttd 5.10. Python Functions... onan os one DS 5.1, Getting Started with Python and Raspberry Pi. cee a 5112 Interfacing with SONAR SeNSOF co. ecenenenncten 513. Interfacing with Servo Motor a m8 5114. Bullding Smart ROboti€ Cat eee een ssctesnaiccsosuicusesseensiOD cmmccarenes SO" | Appendix une C1OSSAPY enoneWhat is ICTECH Computing? The |CTech (Innovation in Curriculum through Technology) Curriculum is based on the best practices in learning and teaching with technology to improve higher order thinking skills of students to prepare them for their future in a competitive global Job market. In this curriculum, technology is used as a tool to integrate 2ist century competencies and expertise such as communication, leadership, critical thinking, complex problem solving and collaboration in different subjects. Structure of the Book + Internet Search Techniques and e-Safety: techniques to surf internet and staying safe in online world + Advanced Imaging: working with photo editing and manipulation and creating graphics for digital and print media + Handling Database with Research: working with data using database software + Developing Applications: designing and building desktop applications + Programming Robots and Single-Board Computers: using python programming to program robots Book Features Student Learning Outcomes These appear at the start of each chapter and define the skills students will be equipped with after completing the lesson. ISTE Student Standard Coverage These represent the ISTE student standards covered in each chapter. A complete description of ISTE student standard can be found here. Chapter Opener These appear at the start of every chapter and are designed to grasp learners attention related to the topic. Chapter openers consist of useful bits of information related to the topic.Checkpoint Checkpoints are learning bits that appear within the chapter at different stages to reinforce the important learning concepts. Food for Neurons Food for neurons consist of fun facts or trending news about the topic, These appear within each chapter. Let's Review Each chapter ends with the key learning points thot provide a complete overview of the chapter. Chapter Highlights Key terms appearing throughout the chapter are highlighted to draw learner’s attention. My Notes My Notes section appears at the end of the chapter. Here learners can write important learning points or reflect on their learning. Glossary Contains the important terminology covered in the book.- Stay Online...Stay Safe \ Stay sate... Do not give out your personal information Do not meet anyone who you have only become friends online with Do not accept messages and friend requests from people who are strangers Check the authenticity of any news or person from reliable sources Tell your parents or teachers if someone or something makes you uncomfortableAfter going through this chapter, students will be able to! Understand what search engines are Identify how search engines work and gather Information Use keywords to specify search Use boolean and arithmetic operators to search Extract information from different websites to create a report Understand the ethical purpose of citing sources Understand how to protect personal information and private life on the internet Understand digital resilience Identify bullying and how to avoid it Identify fake news, pop-up blocking and live streaming Understand password protection and privacy protection Se PIrel| PaCiccery eT felts Cer tai cole TP an) POL Lars 3a 3b 3c1.1. What is a Search Engine? A search engine is designed to search for information on the Wor! specified boy words. The search re: its. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files, Below are some of the most common search engines: Cee ie fue google.com For generally searching anything images. google.com For image searching scholargoogle.com_ For educational and research searches [books google.com For searching books online jahoo.com, For generally searching anything duckduckgo.com~ For organic searching 1.2. How do Search Engines Work? Internet search engines are special sites on the web that are designed to help people find information stored in other sites. There are differences in the ways various search engines work, but they all perform three basic tasks: They search The internet or select pieces of the internet based on important words, o— o o They keep an index of the words they find, and where they find them. They allow users to look for words or mbinations of words found in the index of words. Early search engines held an index of a few hundred thousand pages and documents and received maybe one or two thousand inquiries each day. Today, a top search engine will index hundreds of millions of pages, and respond to tens of millions of queries per dayEE Google receives over 63,000 searches per second on any given day. That's the average figure of how many people use Google a day, which translates into at least \2trillion searches per year, 38 million searches per minute, 228 million searches per hour, and 5.6 billion searches per day. Search engines are very different from subject directories. While humans organize and catalogue subject directories, search engines Fed for Neurons rely on computer programs called spiders or robots to crawl the Web end log the words on each page. With a search engine, keywords related to a topic are typed into a search box. The search engine scans its database and returns a file with links to websites containing the word or words specified. Because these databases are very large, search engines often return thousands of results. Without search strategies or techniques, finding what you need can be like finding « needle in a haystack > oO Internet Search Techniques and 1.3. Internet Searching Strategies Nowadays keywords search on search engines based on improper or slang language which also results in improper outcomes. To use search engines effectively, itis essential to apply techniques that narrow results and push the most relevant pages to the top of the results list. Below are several strategies for boosting search engine performance. 1. Identify Keywords When performing a search, break down the topic into ke\ concepts. For example, to find information on what the FCC hes said about the wireless communications industry, the keywords might be: FCC Wireless Communication 2. Boolean AND Connecting search terms with AND tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing ALL the keywords: FCC AND wireless and communicationThe search engine will not return pages with just the word FCC. Neither will it return pages with the word FCC and the word wireless. The search engine will only return pages where the words FCC, wireless, and communication all appear somewhere on the page. Thus, AND helps to narrow your search results as it limits results to pages where all the keywords appear. 3. Boolean OR Linking search terms with OR tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing ANY ond ALL keywords. For example, FCC OR wireless OR communication, When OR is used, the search engine returns pages with a single keyword, several keywords, and all keywords, The boolean OR does the following: The OR expands your search results. Use OR when you have common synonums for a keyword Surround OR statements with parentheses for best results suns To narrow results as much as possible. combine OR statements with AND statements. For example, the dollowing search statement locates information on purchasing a used car (Car OR automobile) AND (buy OR purchase) AND used 4. Boolean AND NOT AND NOT tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing one keyword but not the other. For example, Dolphins AND NOT Miami, The above example instructs the search engine to return web pages about dolphins but not web pages about the “Miami Dolphins” football team, Use AND NOT when you have « keyword that has multiple meanings. The need for AND NOT often becomes apparent after you perform an initial search. If your search results contain irrelevant results (e.,, Saturn the car rather thon Saturn the planet), consider using AND NOT to filter out the undesired websites. 5, Implied Boolean Plus and Minus (+ & -) In many search engines, the plus and minus symbols can be used as alternatives to full Boolean AND and AND NOT. The plus sign (+) is the equivalent of AND, and the minus sign (-) is the equivalent of AND NOT. There is no space between the plus or minus signeed and the keyword. For example; + welding +process, +Saturn car, couch sofa NOTE: AltaVista’s Simple Search requires the use of plus and minus rather than AND, OR. and AND NOT. -safety 1.4. Ethical Citation It is important to cite sources you used in your research for several reasons: Soe Internet Search Techniques and To avoid plagiarism by quoting To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to words and ideas used by other other researchers and acknowledging their authors. ideas € . (e) To allow your reader to track down To show your reader you've done proper the sources you used by citing them research by listing sources you used to ‘accurately in your paper by way of get your information footnotes, a bibliography or reference list. 1.5. Digital Citizenship If you are a citizen, this means you belong to a group of people. You could be a citizen of your classroom or your neighbourhood. Being a digital citizen means you are a part of the group of people that use technology to communicate. There are rules that you need to follow when you are a digital citizen, to protect yourself and to protect others ©)2021-2022 1.6. Digital Resilience A digitally resilient person will be able to: @ @— ak Understand when Know what to do to Learn from their Recover when things they are at risk online, seek help, experiences go wrong a 1.7. Cyber Bullying Cyber bullying is bullying that occurs online, often through instant messaging, text messages, emails, Q A and socio! networks. If someone is repeatedly unkind or harasses another person online, then they are a cyberbully, Cyber bullying usually involves people you know. It is otten accompanied by traditional, ottline, bullying Examples of Cyber Bullying RA 6k ‘irting hurtful things through Posting deragatory messages Posting & sharing Creating 0 foke profile of instant messaging text en somolmenw ieturmietea} [emberrasing videes ar photos| | someone to humilate or hurt messaging or aniine games.” person or community ‘ver the social med nem, How to Avoid Cyber Bullying? ® Do not reply tothe Blockollthe messages fom || _Keep al the e-mails ond Report the bullying tothe messages sent by bully the bull, messages that the bully sends, parent ora trusted oul.UTE eed 1.8. Fake News You may have heard of the term foke Checkpoint /) news talked about in the media or between friends. There are different types of fake news. Some fake news is deliberately made up stories or images to make people believe something that isn’t true. Others have some truth to. them, but may be misleading, including some false information that hasn't been checked properly or with facts that have been exaggerated by the author. + Has the story been repeated elsewhere? Check other reputable sites, + Does the image look believable? Is it used elsewhere? For example, an edited photo of a pink giraffe fiying across the moon is a big clue that the story isn’t reall + Does the web address (URL) look strange? Or is it from a trusted site? + Do you know who the author is? Have you heard of the organization reporting it? + Are you familiar with the organization or company? Are they reputable? Anybody can make mistakes online. Even if you are careful, accidents can happen. You may feel unsafe and people can be unkind, Sometimes bad things happen. Don't worry, ILIsn’t your fault, The most Important thing Is that you know how to get help and recover, Thinking about what you do online, and getting support, will help you to recover - from whatever has happened. You can even learn from your experience and become more resilient. What will you do when things go wrong online? 1.9. Pop-up Blocking Sometimes messages pop up in a small window on the screen when you open certain websites. Often the popups are adverts for products and services and other times they are phishing scams asking you to enter personal details to claim an unbelievable prize. You should avoid clicking on the -safety Internet Search Techniques and2021-2022 popup links Just In case they are unreliable or a scam. This term in the online world is also called Click-Bait. You can just close them by clicking the only the small x on the top right-hand corner of the popup box. 1.10. Live Streaming Live streaming Is the broadcasting of real-time, live, video to an audience over the internet. All you need Is an Internet-enabled device, such as a smartphone or tablet, and @ platform to broadcast on. ‘some Risks of Live Streaming + You never know who's watching - if your live stream is popular with loads of viewers, it might be promoted so people who don’t follow you can tune in too if your profile is public + You never know what you're going to see - when \ weotching someone else's live stream, you can never tell \ what's about to happen. This can be part of the fun of live streaming, But you might be exposed to harmful or upsetting content by other users + Not all viewers are friendly - viewers can comment on your live stream as it happens, and their comments might be mean, rude or inappropriate ond can make you feel sad or scared, + Letting people know where you are - you should be mindful of what you're revealing in your live stream, If you're in your school uniform or close to your house, you could be letting strangers know where you go to school and where you live, even if you don't verbally say it1.11. Password Protection A password is a secret word, phrase or combination of characters that allows you access to protected information or an account. A strong password is one that is secure ‘and not easy to guess. It can be used to help protect your information online, keeping it private. Following are some i tips to create strong and protective passwords: Create different passwords for different accounts Choose a password that is not easy to guess. Use a mixture of numbers, characters and lower and upper-case letters Avoid obvious words such as your name or your pet's name. Avoid obvious numbers such as your date of birth, age or phone number. Instead of just one word, think of a short phrase that nobody would guess. Keep your passwords secret, even from your best friend. aaa wn 1.12. Privacy Protection It is important to protect your information when you're online and think carefully about what it is ok to share and make public for everyone to see and what it is best to keep private. Sharing too much personal information such as your full date of birth or your full name and address could leave you vulnerable for several reasons: Checkpoint /) 1. There are identity thieves who may try to steal your personal information to create an identity, 2, Identity thieves may use your Information to pretend to be you online. 3. There are some people who want to harm and harass others online. -safety Internet Search Techniques andLet's Review A search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web by using specitied keywords. . Search engines rely on computer programs called spiders or robots to crawl the Web and log the words on each page. . Ethical citation involves avoiding plagiarism, by giving credit to work of other scholars, allow your reader to track down the sources cited . Digital citizen refers to the group of people that use technology to communicate. . Cyberbullying Is bullying that occurs online, often through Instant messaging. text messages, emails, and social networks. . Fake news is deliberately made up stories or images to make people believe something that isn't true. . Popups are adverts for products and services and other times they are phishing scams. . Live streaming is the broadcasting of real time, live, video to an audience over the internet. . A password is a secret word, phrase or combination of characters that allows you access to protected information or an account. My Notes!Photo Editing ‘i Match Fonts Brochures and Flyers | 3D Text Photo Editing MockupsAfter going through this chapter, students will be able to: 1. Develop an understanding of what graphics are Learn the difference between raster and vector graphics Familiarise with the interface of Adobe Photoshop Understanding of resolution, colour depth and colour mode Understand layers, text layers and layer styles in Photoshop 2 3 4 5. 6 Apply adjustments, filters and effects on an imoge 7. Apply gradient, stroke borders, drop shadow, bevel and emboss 8. Use Scale and rotate 9. Manage the Layer opacity 10. Apply Blend modes TI. Use of Prospective crop tool 12. Use of retouch tools 13. Saving images for web and print media Tomer) feet terials i ETS al Peary ew)URL 2.1. Introduction Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 is a popular image editing software that provides « work environment consistent with Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Photoshop, and other products in the Adobe i Creative Suite although Adobe Photoshop is a raster-based graphic software. kJ Id | Pr | 2.2. What are Raster Graphics? uw In computer graphics, a raster graphics or bitmap image is a dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels (points of colour), viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display media. Naster images aire stored in image files with varying formats. A bitmap is a rectangular grid of pixels, with each pixel's colour being specified by a number of bits. A bitmap might be created for storage in the display's video memory or as a device- independent bitmap file, A raster is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of bits per pixel (or colour depth, which determines the number of colours it can represent).G_ Photoshop Fle FAR Tage Layer Type Select Fifer 3D View Window Help powers Ot Sie: WG wae « Cy ‘i If you look at the top of the screen you will see the Menu bar, which contains all the main functions of Photoshop, such as File, Edit, Image, Layer, Type, Select, Filter, Analysis, 3D, View, Window, and Help. Most of the major tools are located in the Toolbar for easy access. The image will appear in its own window once you open a fileThe name of any image that you open will be at the top of the image window as shown above. Options bar which changes constantly depending on what tool you have selected. The colour polette displays the current foreground and background colours and RGB, values for these colours. You can use the sliders to change the foreground and background colours in different colour modes. You can also choose a colour from the spectrum of colours displayed in the colour ramp at the bottom of the palette. In th c n.chi foreground or backaround colour a customized colo. library, The palette allows you to view, select, and opply pre-set layer styles. By default, a pre-set style replaces the current layer style. You can use the styles in the palette or add your own using the Create New Style icon. Press the Tab key on your keyboard to show or hide all active panels.5 let you organize your work into distinct levels that can be edited and viewed as individual units. RA Aa te —ifigtfeat Beredited Grid Viewed as individual Units: Photoshop CC document contains at least one Ai NeRnneneneeneen layer. Creating multiple layers lets you easily control ES) SS Nai on scuel aeaE aS how your artwork is printed, displayed, and edited. You will use the Layers palette often while creating a document, so it is crucial to understand what it does and how to use it. 1 s: the eye shows that the selected layer is visible. Click on or off to see or to hide a “layer 2. ki ons click the chequered square| ican ta lock Transparency, click the brush icon ta eke the hash ican lock the Image, click the arrow icon SaaS MESSE Position. and click the lock icon to lock all options. Oe 3, Toy 9 Mode: defines how the layer’s pixels blend with underlying pixels in the image. By choosing a particular blending mode from the drap-dawn menu you can create a variety at special effects 4. Fill: by typing in a value or dragging the slider you can specify the transparency, 5. Opacity: by typing in a value or dragging the slider, you can specify the transparency of the entire layer. 4 lay allaws you to hide certain parts af the layer, whieh can then he revealed by using the paintbrush and the white paint colour to expose portions of the layer. z ite N A have the same opacity and blending mode options as image layers and can be rearranged, deleted, hidden and duplicated in the same manner as image layers. Click the icon and select an option to create a new fill or adjustment layerUAL 8 Create New Layer: click this icon to create a new layer. 9. Layer Lock: the icon shows when the layer is locked and disappears when it is unlocked, Double-click the icon to unlock the layer. 10. Link Layers: can be used to link layers together. 1. Layer Styles: if @ layer has a style, an F icon shows at the bottom of the Layers palette. Click the little black triangle to see style options. 2.5. Selection Tools in Photoshop +f Move Used to select and move objects on the page. Click the tool button, then click on any ‘object on the page you wish to move. {_ | Marquee Selecis ar Object by drawing u rectangle oF an ellipse Ground IL Click the lool bullon, choose a rectangular or an elliptical marquee. Drag the marquee over the area of the image you wish to select. > Lasso Selects an object by drawing a freehand border around it. Click the tool button, drag to draw a freehand border around the area of the image you wish to select. 4 Magic Wand Selects all objects in a document with the same or similar fill colour, stroke weight, stroke colour, opacity or blending mode. By specifying the colour range or tolerance, you con control what the Magic Wand tool selects. Advance ImagingTransformation Tool Select the area of your image which you want to transform and press Ctr|+T to enable the transformation tool on that selection. You will see a familiar transformation tool around your object Vertical Transform Rotate Horizontal Transofem Corner ‘Transofrm 2.6. Resolution, Co jor Mode and Color Adjustment Resolution PPI & DPI (Pixel per inch and Dots per inch respectively) are the standard units for measuring image size. Resolution Is The number of pixels on a printed area of an image. The higher the resolution, the more pixels there are on the page, the better the quality of the image. However, high resolution increases the size of the file. The standard recommended resolution for printed images is 150-300 dpi, for Web images it is 72 dpi.Choose a colour mode that will best fit your project. For example, when making a graphic for a web site, choose RGB. When making an image for print choose CMYK. Colour adjustment C 2018 can help you igital photos look more natural, To colour correct your images, follow these steps: 1. Open the image you wish to correct. 2. In the main menu. go to You will see.a— dialogue box displayi Your image: 3. Make sure the Preview box is checked off. 4. In the Channels dropdown | = menu, you can choose between RGB, These Indicate whether your changes affect all the colours, or just one (red, green, or blue), 5. Choose the channel you wish to change and drag the triangles. 6. The black triangle is for shadows, the grey Is for mid-tones, the white Is for highlights. + Dragging the black triangle to the right will make the shadows in your photo darker. + Dragging the grey triangle to the left will make the mid-tones in your photo lighter. + Dragging it to the right will make the mid-tones darker. oo7. You will be able to see the changes in your image. (underexposed Image) shows & photo which is underexposed. By correcting the highlights and making the image lighter, we can make the photo appear much brighter (corrected image). Underexposed image Levels Window B ef oe & 2.7. Resizing Image, Enlarging, and Compressing To resize your image to different size 1. levthe main meni Image > Image Size. 2. In the Image Size dialogue box, you can readjust your image by typing in the width 9 3. An Important reminder Is that If your document Is not already 500pp! or a high- and height that is needed for your resi resolution photo, making your image drastically larger than what it already is can distort the document, thus the same for making a large document smaller Photoshop measures in pixels, so altering sizes of a photo can reduce the quality It is best to adjust size first before doing any editing, You can alter the following parameters to change the image size 1. Under Dimensions, you can see your original document size. If you use the drop- down arrow, you can see different units of measurements for your document. Use the original size to determine the proportions for your resizing, 2. Adjust your new height and width by typing in the desired new proportions.3. Type in your desired resolution (150-300 PPI rane for high-quality prints and 72 PPI is good for Ema web images). 4, Have the resample checked to tell Photoshop to try and keep your pixels together If you are making a drastic change. 5, Click OK 6. Your document should be now of the desired Advance Imaging proportions, if you are dissatisfied, you can hold Ctrl+Z to undo the sizing adjustment, or you can use the crop tool to get the desired look 2.8. Image Adjustments and Enhancements Filter and Effects A filter can be applied to the active layer or a smart object. Filters applied to a smart object are non-destructive and can be readjusted at any time. Do one of the following: + to apply a filter to on entire layer, make sure the layer Is active or selected. * to apply a filter to an area of a layer, select that area. + toapply a filter non-destructively so you can change your filter settings later, select the Smart Object that contains the image content you want to filter. Filter Gallery The filter gallery provides a preview of many of the special effects & filters. Multiple filters can be applied/used on the same object/image, tun on or off the effect of a filter, reset options for a filter, and change the order in which filters are applied. When you are satisfied with the preview, you can then apply it to your image. Press Ctri+F to open the filter galleryA Preview B Filter gallery C. Thumbnail of selected filter D. Show/Hide filter thumbnails E, Filters pop up menu F. Options for selected filter, G List of filter effects to apply or arrange H. Filter effect selected but not applied | Filter effects applied cumulatively but not selected J. Hidden filter effect Checkpoint /) The gradient tool creates o gradual transition aol Mel RU Aaa pixels on a printed area of an image between multiple colours. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Gradient v PPI-Pixels per inch de Plelee a aren) tool cannot be used with the bitmap or indexed- colour imagesURGE s cra Linear black to Multiple colour Linear colour to Radial colour to white gradient linear gradient transparency gradient white gradient Apply Gradient Fill 1. To fill part of the image, select the desired area. Otherwise, the gradient fill is applied to the entire active layer. Select the Gradient tool . (if the tool isn’t visible, hold down the Paint Bucket tool.) 3. In the options bar, choose a fill from the wide gradient sample: Select an option to determine how the starting point (where the mouse is pressed) and ending point (where the mouse is released) affect gradient appearance. Linear Gradient Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line, Radial Gradient Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line. Advance ImagingAngular Gradient Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line Reflected Gradient Mirrors the same linear gradient on either side of the starting point Dlamond Gradient Shades from the middle to the outer corners of a diamond pattern. In Photoshop all layers can be individually customizable in various aspects, for Layer Style option double click on the layer from the layer panel. Layer styles window will pop-up from where you can apply effects, such as colour overlays, drop shadows, glow, or bevel & emboss, to the primary layer. To create a rollover pair, turn the layer style on or off and save the image in each state.A. Layer effects icon B. Click to expand show layer effects 4 C. Different layer effects applied on the layer. Adds a shadow that falls Add glows that emanate Add glows that emanate behind the contents on from the outside edges from the inside edges of the layer. of the layer’s content. the layer’s contentBevel and Emboss Color Overlay Gradient Overlay Fills the layer’s content Add various combinations Pills the layer’s content of highlights ond shadows with color with gradient. to a loyer. S=tiist s222225 SRAAS AS Pattern Overlay Fills the layer’s content with pattern, A A Stroke as Gradient Stroke as Pattern Stroke as Colour Outlines the object in current Outlines the object in current —_Qutlines the object in layer using gradient. current layer using colour. layer using gradient.UAL 2.11. Scale and Rotate The free transform command lets you apply transformations (rotate, scale, skew, distort, and perspective) in one continuous operation. You can also apply a warp transformation. Instead of choosing different commands, you simply hold down a key on your keyboard to switch between transformation types 1. Select what you want to transform. 2. Open Edit Menu > Free Transform (Short Key Ctrl#T). 3. To scale by dragging, drag a handle. Press Shift as you drag a corner handle to scale proportionately. 5. To rotate by dragging, move the pointer outside the bounding border (it becomes a Advance Imaging 6. curved, two-sided arrow), and then drag. Press Shift to constrain the rotation to 15% increments. A. Original image B. Layer flipped Selection border rotated D. Part of object flipped 2.12. Layer Opacity and Blending Poy Layer Opacity A layer with 1% opacity appears nearly transparent, whereas one with 100% opacity oppears completely opaque. In addition to overall opacity, which affects layer styles and blending modes applied ta layer, you can specify fill opacity, Fill opacity affects only pixels, shopes, or text on a layer without affecting the opacity of layer effects such as drop shadows.By default, the blending mode of a layer is . which means that the layer has no blending properties of its own. When you choose a different blending mode for a layer, you effectively change the order in which the image components are put together. Choase a blending mode other than pass through for the layer.fae Cler SC The Hue/Saturation command adjusts the and of the entire image or Individual colour components in | Seine, | oti cet on image coe) rete Use the Hue slider to add special effects, to =e oer = colour a black and white image (like @ sepia ease eT effect), or to change the range of colours in a ieee i pees portion of an image. This adjustment is especially | > ee good for finetuning colours in a CMYK image. oa Oat Saou taps fauaeImage Menu > Adjustmer e/Saturation. (Short key Ctrl+U) 2. Choose Master to adjust all colours at once. Alternatively, choose one of the other pre-set colour ranges listed for the colour you want to adjust. To modify the colour range. A much easier and foster way to correct images that suffer only from perspective distortion is to use the perspective crop tool, 1. In this case, we will be extracting the painting from the wall. 2. Select the Perspective Crop Tool from the Tools panel 3, Click and drag to create a rectangle that covers your whole imoge, non Tife is file a 4, Drag the corner handles so that Capiera the horizontal and vertical lines of the grid align with the respective lines of your subject. 5. Press Enter to crop. ui (mie th pr " beoein jul Cle a2.15. Retouch Tools Retouch with the Healing Brush tool: The healing brush tool lets you correct imperfections, causing them to disappear into the surrauinding image | ike the cloning tools, you use the Healing Brush tool to paint with sampled pixels from an image or pattern. However, the Healing Brush tool olso matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. As a result, the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image 4. In this example by using the healing tool, we will remove the cell phone. Select the Healing Brush tool Specify the source for repairing pixels by holding the Alt key and left-click and release the Alt key. 4, Use the Healing brush on the effected area ie. cell phone, healing tool will use the pixels from the source and adjust on the destination After Retouch with the Clone Stamp Tool: The clone stamp tool paints one part of an image ‘over another part of the same image or over another part of any open document that has the same colour mode. You can also paint part of one layer over another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image Advance Imaging4. In this example using the Clone Stamp tool, we will add another paper clip. 2. Select the Clone Stamp tool 3. Specify the source for copying the pixels, by holding the Alt key and left-click and release the Alt key. 4. Use the Clone Stamp tool on a similar place where you want to paste the paper li 5. Clone Stamp tool will use the pixels from the source and paste it on the destination 2.16. Saving Images for Print Media Originally when we are working in Photoshop with layers and objects Photoshop saves the document in PSD format whereas if need to save the picture for print media it is recommended to save images in JPEG format with the resolution up to 200 to 300 DPI, saving the image at this resolution avoids pixelation at a later stage. To save an image in Photoshop fallow these steps: 1. Click on File menu. oe ” cult 2. Click Save As (Short Key oe So! Froweindiige—_ateculeo Ctrl+ShiftsS). Openki. ARSE CHAO BEE Open a: Smart Object. 3. Type the name for the picture Open tect 4. Selecta file format for your oe a image. seal Getoige- Sect 5. Click the save button.While saving pictures for the web we have to be careful about the size of the file as on the web we are always keen to keep the file size smalll, this helps the website load quickly as all the content on the webpage downloads on your computer via the internet. Therefore, it is highly recommended to save files intended for webpages in a smaller size. The recommended format is GIF, PNG and JPEG. 1. Click on File Menu, 2. Click (Short Key Ctrl+AlteShift+S), 3. Select Fit on Screen to check the eae ses overall look of the image. Se a = Select an appropriate file format. a Set your required quality, a Check the estimated file size to meet the desired requirement. x Click the Save button to save the file.1 ANA 1. Aroster graphics or bitmap image is a dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels (points of colour), viewable via ~amonitor, paper, or other Aspley mea 2. PPI& DPI (Pel per inch and Dots per inch respectively) are the stondard units “or meesUrMg TMOG 3. Recommended resolution for printed Images Is 150-500 dpi, for Web Images It ASD 4, Resolution 5, ine sete SIERS: you can:choose:a foreground'or background.colour and add a customized colour to the library. 6. The free transtorm commend lets you apply transformations (rotate, scale, skew, distort and perspective) . The Hue/Saturation command adjusts the Hue (colour), Saturation (purity) ‘and lightness of the entire Image, . TRE Gradient tool creates a gradual transition between multiple colours. 9. The healing brush tool lets you correct imperfections, causing em 10 disappear into the surrounding Image. — My Notes! labPractical Uses of ‘ Databases Reta lag Organizations os ta lalelate sy elle HealthcareHandling Databases with Research Student Learning Outcomes After going through this chapter, students will be abl Organize and create tables in MS Access Create relationships between tables Understand use of different data types in the database Identify concept of primary and secondary key Create simple and complex queries Creare forms and reports through wizard feature Import and export data in and out of MS Access Creating, editing and sharing forms in Microsot Forms ONAWAWNS ISTE Student Standard Coverage Empowered ferrule henry ete atte ia) 5a 5b 5c3.1. What is a Database? | structured set of data held in a computer. especially one that is accessible in various ways is called Database. base Is usually controlled by a Database Management System (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened simply to databose T in language among electronic database is SQL. It works at the backend of most of the user interface in any application. MS Access is one of the software which uses the same structure of SQL. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). 3.2. Introduction to MS Access Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from Microsoft that “combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface ‘and software-development tools. Access is an easy-to-use tool for creating business Opplications, either from templates or from scratch. With its rich and intuitive design tools, Access can help in creating appealing and highly functional applications in a minimal amount of time. == ‘Ee [came ea Ei es Yim TCS Ase = pasa vi an pe ae B | b-laoea ees id Vow cipboae 9 sorter o ote a “et remting oles ALA @ « [Bi vce Es AN Access «Ee ) = P| {20.000 30000 3,000 i sacs © 40,000 S000 115000 | 20,000 1000 ‘000, 20d [co a5 ofS. n bo Spee [ar Coase mnie ET 2Quick Access Toolbar: the quick access toolbar lets you access common commands no matter which tab is selected. You can customize the commands depending on your preference. The Ribbon: the ribbon contains all of the commands you will need to perform common tasks in Access. It has multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands. Tell Me: the tell me box works like a search bar to help you quickly find tools or commands you want to use. Microsoft Account: from here. you can access your Microsoft account information, view your profile, and switch accounts. . Navigation Pane: the navigation pane displays all of the objects contained in your database. The objects are grouped by type. Double-click an object to open it. . Documents Tab Bar: all open objects are displayed in tabs on the document tabs bor. To view an object, click its tab. Record Navigation Bar: the record navigation bar allows you to navigate records one at « time, Click the arrows to navigate through the records. You can jump to a specific record by typing its ID number into the box. 3, Record Search Box: you can use the record search box to search for any term in the current object. The first result will be selected automatically. To navigate through additional results, press the Enter key on your keyboard. 3.3. Datatypes in MS Access Every field in a table has properties. Properties define the field's characteristics and behaviour. The most important property for a field is its data type. A field’s data type determines what kind of data it can store. MS Access supports different types of data, each with a specific purpose. Here are some of the most common data types you will find used in @ typical Microsoft Access dotabase.Short Text Long Text ete Text or combinations of text and numbers, including numbers that do not require calculating (e.g. phone numbers). Lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers. Number Numeric data used in mathematical calculations. Date/Time Date and time values for the years 100 through 9999. Currency Currency values and numeric data used in mathematical calculations involving data with one to four decimal places. AutoNumber Aunique sequential (incremented by 1) number or random number assigned by Microsoft Access whenever a new record is added to a table. Yes/No Yes and No values and fields that contain only one of two. values (Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off). Creating Database in MS Access Follow the steps below to create your first database in MS Access 1. To create a database from a template, we first need to open MS Access. 2. Select Blank Database. Enter the name and click the Create button. 3. Access will create a new blank Good afternoon database and will open up the D sem table which is also completely blank, a Oa io a RS NG 4. After selecting a template related to your requirements, enter a name in the File name field and you can also specify another location for your file if you want and save it with your relevant Ss name. Handling Databases with Research3.5. Understanding Tables in MS Access All tab composed of horizontal -rowls-and vertical columns, with small — = ee rectangles called cells in the places 5 241 Geege 2 ‘rice \ere rows and columns intersect. In . | Access, rows and columns are referred to as records and fields respectively, A field Is a way of organizing information by type. Whereas, A record is one unit of information. Every Cell'on a given row is part of that row’s record. Each record has its own ID number. Within a table, each ID number is unique to its record and refers to all of the information within that record. The ID number for a record cannot be changed. Creating Tables in MS Access Whe te a database, you store your data in tables. You should always start your design of a database by fs tables and then creating any other object. Before you create tables, carefully consider your requirements and determine all the tables that you need. Create the first table that will store the basic contact information concerning the employees as shown in the following table:Narr Employee! ‘Autonumber FirstName Short Text LastName Short Text Address Short Text Address-2 Short Text city Short Text State Short Text Zip Short Text Phone Short Text Phone Type Short Text The table can be created in two ways: Creating table through Design View tab 1 Right click Table 1 in the navigation pane and select Design View. All Access Obje... © « |= Taniet em ol. 1D Glick to add Tables a (New) BD tebier Import > Export > E Rename Hide in this Group Delete h Research Handling Databases2. Access will prompt you to save the table first. Enter a suitable name for your table. Save As : x Table Name: lemployeeinformation| 3. Once in Design View, enter the field name and its respective data type. Once we type the field name MS Access will automatically assign the short text data type to the field which can be modified as per our requirement from the drop-down menu. [Eons 5 4. Switch to Datasheet View to have look at your table. It is important to save your table at this stage. Ee\ ts 2 iS5. The ID field Is created in every table by default. To change the name of the ID field to EmploueelD, click Name and Caption option. Help Fields Table = Tellme ee ee Fields Table Tellme = Mody Moly Meme {ettieé Sze [TTI tcotups expression seings- Creating table through Datasheet View You can directly enter table field name from the datasheet view in Access. 1. To add a new field, double click Click to Add button on the table. 2. Once you double click Click to Add, a drop down list will appear, prompting you to select the datatype for your field. For the present example, select Short Text. 12 Number 12 Large Number BH currency TB Date & Time TB Date & Time Extended Fi Yeo £& Lookup & Relationship: Aa Rich Text AB Long Text O Attachment B byperiink = re] MS 5 o a o a SS = = ry cH 7] be] 2 fe] 2 [s] is) a ‘S ne] = [e] ae3. After selecting the data type, enter the required field name. Enter FirstName as the field name for the given example Employee IC ~ *| (New) 4, After entring the field names, you can now enter records in the table. Employee Database Navigation XX | EET Categories X [EE yCustomer) PCRS |NRSNS S| Name | ABE a 1 Tracey Beckham 7 East Walker Dr. ls 2 Lucinda George 789 Brewer st. 5 3 Jerrod smith 211 St. George Ave. a 4 Brett Newkirk 47 Hillsborough St. 2 5 Chloe Jones 23 Solo Ln. a 6 Quinton Boyd 4 Cypress Ch a Ale» Hinton. 1011 Hodge Lo. 3.6. Crea’ g Relationships Between Tables MS Access uses table relationchipe-to join tables, when you need to use them in a database object, There are several reasons why you should create table relationships before you create other database objects, such as forms, queries and reports,+ Towork with records from more than one table, you often must create a query that joins the tables. + The query works by matching the values in the ’ primary key field of the first table with c foreign key field in the second table. + When you design a form or report, MS Access uses the Information it gathers from the table relationships you have already defined to present you with informed choices and to prepopulate property Handling Databases with Research settings with appropriate default values. Primary Key yp key in a database that is unique for each record. It is. telephone number (including area code), or vehicle iSermneSion number (un A conaT dees must always have one and only one primary key. Crew Primary keys typically appear as columns in relational database tables. Foreign Key A foreign key is a column or group of columns in a rel rovic link betwe data in two tables. It acts as a cross-reference bei ables because It references the primary key of another table, thereby establishing a link between them.When you design a database, you divide your information into tables, each of which has a primary key and then add foreign keys to related tables that reference those primary keys. These foreign key-primary key pairings form the basis for table relationships and multi-table queries. Foreign eu 0542 im Black ‘A002 | osaa James Richard ‘coor 0544 Amanda _ Holland coo 0546 ‘simon McCloud 042 Primary | EH stucenttable X |FESReise able = “UiseID = |coursename - |cck ‘A002 ‘Accounting |_|coo1 ‘Computing. |_|so42 Short Course 3.7. Constraints in Database In a database when we define any field as a Primary Key (PK) there are two rules or constraints applied to D) that field automatically, (Checkpoint Not Null: this constraint enforces that this field cannot be left unused. In Database terminology, NOT NULL is not considered as empty or zero, it just defined as the date has not been entered yet. Unique: this constraint enforces that the data entered in this field cannot be repeated cor all the values entered should be unique to each other.we need another table and will name it tbIHRData using Table Design as shown in the image. Make sure to select the relevant data type according to fields. Now we will work will Orie-lo-One Relationship in MS Access. This relulionship is used to relate one record from one table to one and only one record in another table. 1. Go to the Database Tools tab, click ‘on the Relationships option 2. Select tolEmployee and tbIHRData holding the shitt key and then click ‘on the Add button to add them to our view and then close the Show Table dialogue box. 3. Tocreate a relationship between these two tables, use the mouse, and click and hold the Employee! field from tblEmployee and drag and drop that field on the field we want to relate by hovering the mouse right over EmployeelD from tbIHRData. 4. When you release your mouse button, Access will then open the Edit Relationships window. For creating relationships in our database, Handling Databases with Research