Physiological Measurements and Instrumentation Lab

Nurhassen Awoll

GE23M005

Experiment: Blood Pressure Measurement and Analysis Of BP

Variations Under Different Protocols.

Aim:
The aim of this experiment is to record BP measurements with sitting, supine and standing
position.

Objectives:
To use digital sphygmomanometer to analysis data under different condition. Apparatus
required:
 BP cuff (Medium size)
 Digital sphygmomanometer (Company: Circa. Model: Eris Microlife)
 Clock

Theory:
Most automated NIBP devices are based on oscillometry, measure mean arterial pressure and
use an algorithm to estimate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The cuff is inflated above
systolic pressure and then deflates either continuously or in a stepwise manner. As the cuff
pressure decreases, at a rate about 4 mm Hg per second, below occlusive pressure, blood starts
flowing through the artery and causes detectable oscillation. The pulse pressure wave and the
gauge pressure in the occluding cuff are detected and converted into an electronic signal by a
transducer. The pressure at which the peak amplitude of arterial pulsations occurs corresponds
closely to directly measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), and values for systolic and diastolic
pressure are derived.

Fig 1. Blood pressure determination using Oscillometric method

Method:
Follow the instruction written in manual. BP should not be taken on an empty stomach. Take
rest 5 min before taking BP measurement. BP cuff should be placed over the Brachial Artery.
Cuff should not be too loose or too tight. Digital sphygmomanometer does not require a
stethoscope and it's reading doesn't depend on the hearing ability of observer. It automatically
inflates the cuff till artery gets occluded after that cuff is deflated automatically.
Reading is taken for 3 time to get better accuracy.

Fig 2. Cuff position

BP is taken two times a day in standing, sitting and supine position. Data is recorded for 10
days to observe the variation in BP under different conditions

Fig 3. Different Position for BP measurement

Sitting blood pressure is taken from the left arm, flexed at the elbow and supported at the heart
level on the chair. After at least one minute of standing, the blood pressure is then taken
standing, with the arm supported at the elbow. The cuff should be at the heart level. After one
minute of rest, the blood pressure was subsequently taken supine position.

Result:
Systolic Pressure
Day time(9:00 to 10:00AM) Evening Time (4:00 to 5:00PM)
Date Reading Sitting Supine Standing Sitting Supine Standing
1 112 117 111 103 106 102
2 115 116 110 101 104 101
Day 1
3 110 114 109 102 102 100
Average 112.3 115.6 111 102 104 101
1 107 111 116 112 113 113
2 109 112 118 107 112 111
Day 2
3 102 110 113 103 110 112
Average 106 111 112.3 104 111.6 112.6
1 110 116 113 119 115 114
2 107 113 112 108 110 115
Day 3
3 104 112 110 110 109 117
Average 107 113.6 111.67 112.33 111.33 115.33
 1 110 104 106 104 104 105
2 104 103 105 104 99 107
Day 4
3 103 105 108 101 100 109
Average 105.67 104 106.33 103 101 107
1 107 106 114 105 108 115
2 110 105 115 106 110 112
Day 5
3 109 108 114 108 111 116
Average 108.67 106.33 114.33 106.33 109.67 114.33
1 111 108 117 109 106 112
2 109 110 118 107 105 115
Day 6
3 110 109 117 109 105 114
Average 110 109 117.33 108.33 105.33 113.67
1 111 110 117 115 116 112
2 106 111 114 111 111 117
Day 7
3 105 111 115 105 110 116
Average 107.33 110.67 115.33 110.33 110.3 115
1 104 112 110 112 110 113
2 101 107 110 109 109 113
Day 8
3 102 109 112 110 107 112
Average 102.33 109.33 110.67 110.33 108.67 112.67
1 106 104 113 104 105 114
2 104 110 113 99 109 105
Day 9
3 103 106 114 105 108 105
Average 104.33 106.67 113.33 102.67 107.33 108
Diastolic Pressure
Day time(9:00 to 10:00AM) Evening Time (4:00 to 5:00PM)
Date Reading Sitting Supine Standing Sitting Supine Standing
1 68 75 79 65 64 71
2 71 72 80 63 62 72
Day 1
3 72 74 78 62 62 74
Average 70.33 73.667 79 63.33 62.67 72.33
1 69 71 77 78 68 75
2 65 67 74 63 67 72
Day 2
3 66 69 74 66 68 74
Average 66.67 69 75 65.67 67.67 73.67
1 67 71 73 69 69 73
2 67 69 69 64 68 71
Day 3
3 66 70 71 64 68 75
Average 66.67 70 71 65.67 68.33 73.33
1 76 63 69 65 60 66
2 63 62 73 62 59 71
Day 4
3 62 61 68 61 57 71
Average 67 62 70 62.67 58.67 69.33
1 69 63 71 65 60 76
2 71 65 73 62 61 70
Day 5
3 68 65 73 60 59 69
Average 69.33 64.33 72.33 62.33 60 71.67
1 60 62 71 70 68 78
2 59 63 73 72 65 75
Day 6
3 61 62 74 70 66 76
Average 60 62.33 72.67 70.67 66.33 76.33
1 73 70 78 72 73 79
2 69 74 77 71 69 77
Day 7
3 68 73 78 68 69 74
Average 70 72.33 77.67 70.33 70.33 76.67
1 59 61 74 69 65 75
2 60 64 72 66 64 76
Day 8
3 58 65 73 63 66 76
Average 59 63.33 73 66 65 75.67
1 65 62 70 63 64 74
2 62 67 73 60 63 69
Day 9
3 60 65 72 60 60 70
Average 62.33 64.67 71.67 61 62.33 71
 MORNING BP
200

150
Systolic

100 Sitting
Supine
50
Standing
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Days Nov

Fig 1. Morning BP records (Systolic)

Fig 2. Morning BP records (Diastolic)

Evening BP
120
115
110
Systolic

105
100
95
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Days Nov-23

Sitting Supine Standing

Fig 3. Evening BP records (Systolic)

Fig 4. Evening BP records (Diastolic)

The above figures depict different positions BP Measurements during Day Time and Evening
Time.
It shows that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is the highest in supine position compared
the other positions.
From the result it is also visible that blood pressure tends to drop in the standing position
compared with the sitting and supine.
The effect of daytime and evening time is also seen in the experiment. In the evening blood
pressure seems to drop.

Conclusion:
Blood pressure is a critical indicator for cardiovascular, renal, and other diseases. It is essential
to consider the patient's position and time while assessing the blood pressure. Patient position
and time of measurement affect the BP measurements.