Quick Writing Guide Text types

Article Report
Field: Field:
opinion or argumentative specific area of study or subject
newspaper/magazine
Tenor: academic / professional audience
Tenor: unknown audience.Seek for target age/area semi-formal
semi-formal neutral / objective (passive voice, subject-
descriptive: metaphors, humour, rhetorical q. specific vocabulary)
!!! avoid potentially offensive opinions fact-oriented

Sections
TITLE
Introduction: present topic + engage audience
Body: arguments
Conclusion: highlight arguments supporting
writer’s opinion; reconnect with title.
Sections
Introduction: introduce topic
Body: headings + sub-sections: argument
and opinion
Conclusion: evaluate arguments + perform
task (recommend/choose/etc.)

Review Essay
Field: Field:
entertainment / goods / services opinion/argumentative/expository/analytical
magazines /review websites cause-effect/descriptive/narrative

Tenor: unknown audience. Tenor: academic / professional audience

semi-informal formal
descriptive: images, analogies, rhetorical q.... objective: 3rd person, passive voice, subject-
strong opinions are good specific vocabulary
thought-oriented
Sections
TITLE Sections
Introduction: overview of film/book... Introduction: topic background + intro of
Body: description + assessment of key ideas
features/elements Body: arguments, select + defend.
Conclusion: general evaluation supporting Conclusion: evaluation of ideas + future
recommendation. suggestion.

Email / Letter Sections

Field: 1. Greeting
Informal: school, routines, your city, etc., 2. State reason for writing
Formal: request, complaint, application 3. Perform task
4. Request follow-up: desired result, suggestions,
Tenor: closing comments, etc.
Informal: friend, students... -> conversational 5. Sign-off: Yours sincerely, etc.
Formal: institutions -> politeness + conventions 6. Signature
Quick Writing Guide Connectors

Addition Contrast
Additionally, Alternatively,
Along with + noun phrase, Apart from + noun phrase,
Also, Conversely,
As well as + noun phrase, Despite / In spite of + noun phrase,
Besides, Even though + full sentence,
Equally, However,
Further, Instead,
Furthermore, Nevertheless,
In addition, Nonetheless,
Likewise, Notwithstanding,
Moreover, On the contrary,
Not only + inversion, but also ... On the other hand,
Plus, Otherwise,
Similarly, Unlike + noun phrase,
What’s more, Whereas + sentence,

Sequence Presenting arguments

The first thing to be considered....
First of all,
To illustrate this point,
First, The main argument in favour/against is...
Firstly, There is no doubt that...
To start,

Consequence
After + noun phrase,
Hence, Expressing opinions
Next, So,
Then, Then, One thing I love is...
Subsequently, Thus, What I most like is...
Consequently,
As a result, What attracts me the most is...
At last,
Owing to + noun phrase, I can’t stop thinking about...
Eventually, Due to + noun phrase,
And what about...?
Finally, On account of + noun ph.
In the end, It seems to me that...
I am against the idea of..
Lastly,
Conclusion
All in all, In my view,
Simultaneity In essence, If you ask me,
By the time + sentence, All things considered,
I think...
Meanwhile, On balance,
On account of... I believe...
At this point,
As a result,