Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

TM
Cambridge IGCSE / IGCSE (9–1)
Design & Technology 0445 / 0979
Cambridge O Level
Design & Technology 6043
For examination from 2020
© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2021 v2
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Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Question 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Example Candidate Response – high........................................................................................................................... 7
Example Candidate Response – middle....................................................................................................................... 8
Example Candidate Response – low............................................................................................................................ 9

Question 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 10
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 11
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 12

Question 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 13
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 14
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 15

Question 4 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 16
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 17
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 18

Question 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 19
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 20
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 21

Question 6 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 22
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 23

Question 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 24
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 25
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 26

Question 8 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 27
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 28
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 29

Question 9 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 30
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 31

Question 10 ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 32
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 33

Question 11 ................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 34
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 40
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 46
Question 12 ................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 52
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 56
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 60

Question 13 ................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Example Candidate Response – high......................................................................................................................... 64
Example Candidate Response – middle..................................................................................................................... 68
Example Candidate Response – low.......................................................................................................................... 72
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Introduction
The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge IGCSE / IGCSE (9–1) / O Level
Design & Technology 0445 / 0979 / 6043, and to show how different levels of candidates’ performance (high, middle
and low) relate to the syllabus requirements.
In this booklet candidate responses have been chosen from the November 2020 exam series to exemplify a range of
answers.
For each question, the response is annotated with a clear explanation of where and why marks were awarded or
omitted. This is followed by examiner comments on how the answer could have been improved. In this way, it is
possible for you to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they could do to improve their
answers. There is also a list of common mistakes candidates made in their answers for each question.
This document provides illustrative examples of candidate work with examiner commentary. These help teachers
to assess the standard required to achieve marks beyond the guidance of the mark scheme. Therefore, in some
circumstances, such as where exact answers are required, there will not be much comment.
The questions and mark schemes used here are available to download from the School Support Hub. These files are:

0445 November 2020 Question Paper 32

0445 November 2020 Paper 32 Mark Scheme

Past exam resources and other teaching and learning resources are available on the School Support Hub:
www.cambridgeinternational.org/support

5
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

How to use this booklet

This booklet goes through the paper one question at a time, showing you the high-, middle- and low-level response for
each question. The candidate answers are set in a table. In the left-hand column are the candidate answers, and in
the right-hand column are the examiner comments.

Examiner comments are

Answers are by real candidates in exam conditions. alongside the answers. These
These show you the types of answers for each level. explain where and why marks
Discuss and analyse the answers with your learners in were awarded. This helps you
the classroom to improve their skills. to interpret the standard of
Cambridge exams so you can
help your learners to refine
their exam technique.

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of MDF in part (a) and was awarded two marks.
They could have improved their answer if they had justified their choices and related them back to the use.
• Part (b): the candidate was awarded a mark for naming a suitable joint, but to improve their answer, their sketch
needed to be a more accurate representation and be clearer to understand.
• Part (c): the candidate glued a base to the bottom to the box, which would not have been very strong. To improve
their answer, the candidate needed to consider a base that could be fitted inside the box. The candidate could have
improved their answer throughout with clearer sketches and/or more notes to support their work.
• Part (e): the candidate referred to a laser cutter and the setting of the machine speed, but to improve their answer,
they needed to give more details of the process.

This section explains how the candidate could

have improved each answer. This helps you to
interpret the standard of Cambridge exams and
helps your learners to refine their exam technique.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Some candidates did not understand CAM (as demonstrated in part (e)), and few were able to access the full
marks available.
• In part (f)(i) some candidates gave general advantages of the material rather than linking the material back to the
user, so they were not awarded the marks.

Often candidates were not awarded Lists the common mistakes candidates made
marks because they misread or in answering each question. This will help your
misinterpreted the questions. learners to avoid these mistakes and give them
the best chance of achieving the available marks.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 1

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate answers all three

of these parts correctly. For part A,
the names ‘bolt’, ‘screw’ or ‘thread’
could be awarded a mark. For part
B, only ‘washer’ could be awarded a
mark. For part C, either ‘nut’ or ‘wing
nut’ could be awarded a mark.

Total mark awarded =

3 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for this answer.

7
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate correctly names

part A, however ‘hinge’ and ‘joint’
are the incorrect names for parts B
and C.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to specifically name part B as a washer and part C as a wingnut.

8
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate names a washer

in part A, however this should be
the label for part B so the mark is
not awarded. For parts B and C,
the candidate describes how the
part functions or looks but does not
name the parts.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to correctly name the specific parts.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Some candidates needed to demonstrate their specific knowledge of the component names, and some candidates
needed to recall the technical names of the parts.

9
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 2

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 The candidate identifies two

1
correct stages (degreasing/cleaning
the open slots and application of the
brazing rod) so is awarded marks
for for this. Stage 4 is an extension
of the Stage 3 description.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed give another clear stage, for example, application of a flux or ensuring
the brazing rod ‘runs’ into the joint.

10
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is awarded

a mark for putting the pegs into
the base as this is a clear stage
describing part of the brazing
process. The candidate is not
awarded a mark for ‘measuring’
because it is not a stage required to
braze the pegs to the base.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate could have described the positioning on the hearth or firebricks. ‘Brazed the pegs’ is not a clear
description of the stage required.
• By adding details, for example, they could have described heating it to the correct temperature.

11
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 The candidate is not awarded a

1
mark for ‘put’, they need to use the
word ‘insert’ the pegs into the base.
Candidates would not be awarded
marks for ‘placing’ the pegs into
the base either. The candidate
continues to explain the use of the
jig, rather than it‘s manufacture.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate needed to focus their answer on the manufacture of the jig and show their understanding of the steps
involved in the brazing process.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Many candidates did not understand the stages of the brazing process, and some candidates described incorrect
steps that were not part of the process.
• Some candidates misread the question and discussed the use of the jig to bend metal, rather than a description of
how the jig was made.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 3

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is awarded full

marks because they show how the
joint could be strengthened with a
diagram of dowel joints and labels
for these.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The addition of the support underneath was unnecessary, because the focus of the question was how the joint could
be strengthened.

13
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 A single screw or nail could be

used to strengthen the joint. The
candidates labels the diagram,
which helps them communicate their
thoughts.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate could have added a second screw to secure the joint, or shown a dowel or
wedge in the correct position.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is not awarded a

mark, because the addition of glue
is not enough to strengthen the joint.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to use sketches or notes to show the use of a dowel or wedge.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Many candidates showed one nail or screw and/or the addition of glue to the joint.
• Most candidates labelled their diagrams correctly, and their communication of the methods was sound, but they
needed to show their knowledge of how dowels and / or wedges could be used to strengthen the mortise and tenon
joint.

15
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 4

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate provides a

correct answer. They clearly explain
the significance of the average
length of feet to hip measurement
and then explain how it will be used.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for this response. To improve their answer further, they could have referred to
the fifth percentile sitting height of adults, which is a more specific anthropometric measurement.

16
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

11

12
1 1 The candidate refers to people’s
height in their answer. Their
reference to the weight of the bench
is not relevant here because this
question is specifically about the
height at which the bench should be
fixed to a wall.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate could have referred to which specific measurements would be used, for
example fifth-ninety fifth percentile sitting height, and explained how that would affect the height of the bench.

17
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

10

11

1 1 The candidate misunderstands

the meaning of ‘anthropometric
12
data’.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to refer specifically to human measurements and explain how they
would be used to decide the bench height.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Some candidates did not understand anthropometric data and how it is used, and this led to difficulties for
candidates answering this question successfully.
• Many candidates were not specific enough about which anthropometric data was to be used. The average
measurement was accepted, however candidates needed to show a greater understanding of the fifth percentile
and fifth percentile measurements and how different ones are applied in different circumstances. For example,
when sitting height is considered, the fifth percentile is used as a smaller user will need to reach it.

18
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 5

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate gives a

good answer. They refer to the
combination of two or more metals
and then go on to consolidate their
understanding when they refer to
the increased benefits of an alloy.
In part (b) the candidate correctly
identifies the two alloys from the list.
Mark for (a) = 2 out of 2
Mark for (b) = 2 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
4 out of 4

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for this answer.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate explains why

alloys are needed and identifies the
correct alloys in part (b).
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 2
Mark for (b) = 2 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
3 out of 4

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to clarify that an alloy is a mixture of two or more metals.

20
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate demonstrates

some understanding of the
advantages of alloys.
Mark for (a) = 0 out of 2
Mark for (b) = 0 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
0 out of 4

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To be awarded the marks for this answer, the candidate needed to explain what an alloy was and refer to the mixture
of two or more metals.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Some candidates did not explain that alloys were a mixture of two or more metals and referred more generally to
‘substances’.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 6

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate understands that

the purpose of part A is for support.
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 1
Mark for (b) = 0 out of 1
Total mark awarded =
1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to correctly identify the tee hinge as the most suitable hinge.

22
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate’s answer

‘strengthen’ is too vague for part (a),
however, they are able to correctly
identify that the tee hinge is the
most suitable hinge to support the
gate.
Mark for (a) = 0 out of 1
Mark for (b) = 1 out of 1
Total mark awarded =
1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Part (a): to improve their answer, the candidate needed to show an understanding of the sagging effect and refer to
support.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Many candidates responded that the purpose of part A was to strengthen or to make the gate stronger, but this was
too vague. Candidates needed to be more specific and refer to the support or bracing effect of the cross-brace.

23
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 7

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate gives a clear and

detailed explanation of how the use
of plastic impacts the environment.
They clearly refer to the negative
effect of the extraction of its raw
material, and the impact of plastic at
the end of its life.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for this answer.

24
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is awarded a

mark for recognising that plastic is
non-biodegradable.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to clarify and give more detail for their answer, ‘pollutes the
environment’. For example, they could have explained how it contributes to land fill.

25
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate considers

the effects of deforestation and
pollution, however, they do not
clearly explain the link between
these and the use of plastic.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to explain how plastic impacts the habitat by referring to how the raw
material is extracted from the earth. They then needed to highlight that the process of making plastic products creates
pollution.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Candidates generally answered this question well. However, some needed to explain in more detail the link between
the use of plastic and the impact on the environment.

26
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 8

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 This candidate communicates

their idea well with clear annotations
and diagrams.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to explain how the hinge was joined to the backboard.

27
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is awarded a

mark because they clearly show
a stand in their diagram and the
annotation explains how it is
freestanding.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to consider the 3 mm material thickness of the hardboard and provide
more detailed notes about what the stand was made from, and how a hinge could be successfully attached.

28
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate annotates their

design with information about how
they would join the fixing. However,
it is not a freestanding frame
because they show a hook to hang
the frame on a wall.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 3

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to design a way to make the frame freestanding. For example, they
could have attached a stand or base to the frame and explained it’s construction.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Many candidates did not include relevant details about how the stand would be joined to the backboard.
• Some candidates did not consider the 3 mm thickness of the hardboard.

29
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 9

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate gives two correct

answers so is awarded two marks.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for this answer.

30
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate correctly

identifies the machines that could be
used to create the hole and shape
the rod, however the question asks
for the tool that would be used to cut
the thread, so they are not awarded
any marks.

Total mark awarded =

0 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to specifically name a ‘tap’ and ‘die’, and understand which tool would
create the thread in the hole and on the rod.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Some candidates were able to correctly identify the tap and die, but they labelled them the wrong way round.

31
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 10

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate correctly

identifies that the hot glue gun is
quicker to apply than PVA, which
must be clamped and left for a
period of time to set. They also
identify that the heat from the hot
melt glue gun could hurt the user.

Total mark awarded =

2 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

The candidate was awarded full marks for their answer, but they could have explained how the user would be hurt.

32
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate is awarded one

mark for their disadvantage: the hot
glue joint is weaker than using PVA.
However both hot glue and PVA are
readily available, so this advantage
was too vague.

Total mark awarded =

1 out of 2

How the candidate could have improved their answer

To improve their answer, the candidate needed to explain their advantage to justify the mark, or they needed to
consider the safety or the speed of the setting.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Many candidates did not correctly qualify the statements they made in their answers to this question.

33
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 11

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate correctly and

consistently identifies specific and
appropriate materials.
Mark for (a) = 4 out of 4

34
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

2 2 The candidate produces

detailed, annotated sketches to
explain the joining method.
Mark for (b) = 3 out of 3

35
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate provides clear

annotated sketches to show how
the work is processed, specific
equipment is drawn and labelled,
and the correct processes
explained. It is clear that the
candidate understands how
materials are used and processed
and is able to apply this knowledge
to successfully answer the
questions.

4 4 Both the method of cut out and

finishing are correct, using correctly
named equipment.
Mark for (c)(i) = 2 out of 2

5 Both the method of removing

5 waste and finishing are correct,
using correctly named equipment.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 2 out of 2

36
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

6 The candidate provides clear

annotated sketches to show how
the work is processed, specific
6 equipment is drawn and labelled,
and correct processes explained.
It is clear that the candidate
understands how materials are
used and processed and is able to
apply this knowledge to successfully
answer the questions.

7 7 The candidate provides valid

suggestions about how to measure,
mark out, hold and saw the metal
rod.
Mark for (d)(i) = 4 out of 4

8 8 The candidate is correct to point

out that non-ferrous metals are less
likely to corrode. However, 'affected
by geomagnets' is not a valid
response.
Mark for (d)(ii)= 1 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate's answer is

correct.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 2 out of 2

10 10 The candidate provides an

accurate sketch of knurled sides, as
well as another showing a grooved /
ridged option.
Mark for (d)(iv) = 2 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

11 11 The two modifications the

candidate supplies, ‘draft angle’
and ‘rounded edges’, are valid
responses.
Mark for (e)(i) = 2 out of 2

12 12 The candidate provides two

valid responses; that heat control is
used to avoid the plastic melting and
that it also allows the plastic to form
to the correct shape.
Mark for (e)(ii) = 2 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
24 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate’s answers were strong for this section. They demonstrated a good understanding of the selection of
material and processes.
• In part (a), the candidate correctly and consistently identified specific and appropriate materials.
• In part (b), the candidate produced detailed annotated sketches to explain the joining method. The candidate could
have improved their answer and the clarity of the information if they had given more of a step-by-step approach,
however, the candidate was awarded marks because they included drawings from different views with clear
annotations.
• The candidate’s communication was strong in parts (c) and (d) with clear annotated sketches to show how the
work was processed. They labelled the specific equipment they had drawn, and explained the correct processes. It
was clear that the candidate understood how materials should be used and processed and they were able to apply
this knowledge to successfully answer the questions.

39
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate provides

appropriate choices for
manufactured board and
thermoplastic, but their other
choices would not be appropriate
materials.
Mark for (a) = 2 out of 4

40
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

2 2 The candidate uses accurate

sketches of a butt joint that is both
screwed and glued.
Mark for (b) = 3 out of 3

41
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate provides a

method for cutting out and finishing
the slot with named equipment.
Mark for (c)(i) = 2 out of 2

4 4 The candidate provides valid

options for removing waste and
finishing.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 2 out of 4

42
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

5 The candidate provides suitable

sketches and notes for a valid
5
process to produce one weight.
The name appropriate tools and
equipment.
Mark for (d)(i) = 4 out of 4
6 The candidate provides one
6
correct answer, pointing out that
non-ferrous metal will not rust,
but non-ferrous metals are not
necessarily inert.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 1 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

7 7 The candidate's answer for A

is incorrect but their answer for B is
correct.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 1 out of 2

8 8 The candidate's suggestion to

create a knurling pattern is correct.
Mark for (d)(iv) = 2 out of 2

44
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate's answer is

incorrect.
Mark for (e)(i) = 0 out of 2

10 10 The candidate provides two

correct reasons.
Mark for (e)(ii) = 2 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
19 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of the selection of materials and processes.
• The candidate’s material choices for part (a) were possible answers but they were not necessarily the most
appropriate. To improve their answer, the candidate needed to show a better knowledge of the specific material
properties and applications.
• The candidate showed strong communication through parts (b), (c) and (d). They used numbered sketches and
annotations and selected processes that could be used To improve their answer, they could have selected more
effective or suitable choices, if they had more experience or knowledge of these.
• To improve their answer in part (e), the candidate could have included a draft angle or rounded edges in their
modifications to the former, to make it easier to remove from the plastic after moulding.

45
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 Pine is not a hardwood, but

the other suggestions are valid
materials.
Mark for (a) = 3 out of 4

46
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

2 2 The candidate provides a

simple sketch of a recognised joint
which they join using glue.
Mark for (b) = 2 out of 3

47
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

3 3 A hack saw for cutting out is not

appropriate, but finishing using a
chisel is a valid option.
Mark for (c)(i) = 2 out of 2

4 4 The candidate provides two

valid responses.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 2 out of 2

48
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

5 5 The candidate does not provide

any sketches. Their description for
marking out is a valid answer, as is
their method for holding the rod, but
they provide no suggestion for how
to measure out. The saws they list
for sawing the rod are not correct.
Mark for (d)(i) = 2 out of 4

6 6 The candidate provides one

valid answer.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 2 out of 2

49
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

7 7 The candidate's answer is

incorrect.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 0 out of 2

8 8 The candidate does not provide

valid modifications.
Mark for (d)(iv) = 0 out of 2

50
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate does not provide

any valid modifications.
Mark for (e)(i) = 0 out of 2

10 10 These answers do not explain

why it is important to control heat
when vacuum forming plastic.
Mark for (e)(ii) = 0 out of 2
Total mark awarded =
13 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• To improve their answer, the candidate could have produced clearer sketches and notes to explain the processes.
• The candidate could have been awarded marks if they had included one or two drawings to show the stages
of assembly for part (b). If they could have labelled the diagrams this would have helped to demonstrate their
understanding.
• In part (d) the stages were broken down into bullet points, however, sketches could have been used to
communicate the candidate’s answer in more detail.
• The modifications in part (d) (iv) needed to consider the size of the weight because handles and wheels wouldn’t
be feasible. The weight had a Ø25 and length of 40 mm, so suitable modifications could have been included, for
example they could have added grips or grooves on to the surface.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Part (c)(i): some candidates referred to finishing processes, such as sanding, but they needed to correctly identify
the tools to remove material with a wasting process.
• Part (d)(ii): some candidates stated the addition of iron to give the advantage of strength, but this was too vague.
• Part (d)(iii): some candidates named tools used rather than lathe operations.
• Part (d)(iv): some candidates adapted the weights to include handles or additional parts but this wasn’t a
modification of the basic shape, so was not awarded the mark.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 12

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 MDF being easier to work with

is a valid answer, but ‘is lighter’ isn't.
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 2

2 2 The candidate produces a

detailed, accurate drawing of an
appropriate joint, and they are
awarded marks for naming the joint
and the accuracy and orientation of
the drawing.
Mark for (b) = 4 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate correctly

identifies the need for a groove to
be created for the base to slide into.
Mark for (c) = 3 out of 3

4 4 The candidate is awarded

marks for consideration of the
adaptation of the bench hook,
150 mm length, a stop and notes
or sketches to explain how it would
work.
Mark for (d)(i) = 4 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

5 5 The candidate identifies and

sketches the correct use of a
smoothing plane.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 2 out of 3

6 6 The candidate provides a

limited answer which lacks detail.
Mark for (e) = 2 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

7 7 The candidate's answer is

correct.
Mark for (f)(i) = 2 out of 2

8 8 The candidate provides two

different industrial process options,
but two valid reasons.
Mark for (f)(ii) = 2 out of 3
Total mark awarded =
20 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate’s responses were strong for this question. They demonstrated a good understanding of the selection
of material and processes.
• Part(a): the candidate justified each advantage and related it back to the use. Answers such as the smooth surface
finish were awarded a mark, however, ‘stability’ and ‘cost’ would have been more appropriate for the second
advantage.
• Part(b): the candidate produced a detailed, accurate drawing of an appropriate joint, and marks were awarded for
the naming of the joint and accuracy and orientation of the drawing.
• Part(c) the candidate correctly identified the need for a groove to be created for the base to slide into. They
could have improved their response if they had considered the 5 mm thickness of the material and shown it in the
diagram.
• Part (d)(i) candidates were awarded marks for consideration of the adaptation of the bench hook, 150 mm length, a
stop, and notes or sketches to explain how it would work, which this candidate did successfully.
• Part (d)(ii) the candidate correctly identified the use of a smoothing plane and sketched it, however, they needed to
finish the work using a sanding block or disk sander to ensure the ends stayed square.
• The candidate showed some understanding of CAM for part (e) but more detail was needed to explain the process
in order to be awarded higher marks.
• For part (f)(i) the candidate gave two answers for the named industrial process, but was awarded marks for speed
and quantity of production.

55
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (a) = 0 out of 2

2 The candidate's knowledge

2 and understanding of construction
techniques is good, and they
communicate the answer well with a
labelled sketch.
Mark for (b) = 4 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate's knowledge

and understanding of construction
techniques is good, and they
communicate the answer well with a
labelled sketch.
Mark for (c) = 2 out of 3

4 The candidate provides a

4 suitable sketch and notes.
Mark for (d)(i) = 3 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

5 5 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 0 out of 3

6 The candidate gives an

6 incorrect answer.
Mark for (e) = 0 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

7 7 The candidate's second reason

is a valid answer.
Mark for (f)(i) = 1 out of 2

8 8 The candidate names the wrong

industrial process. The first reason
suggests the process is easily
repeatable, so they are awarded a
mark. The second reason needs to
be qualified (once the mould has
been produced) to be awarded the
mark.
Mark for (f)(ii) = 1 out of 3
Total mark awarded =
11 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate’s knowledge and understanding of the selection of MDF in part (a) was too vague. To improve their
answer, they needed to refer to the specific advantages of the material, for example cost or smooth surface finish.
• The candidate’s knowledge and understanding of construction techniques was good in parts (b) and (c) and they
communicated their answers well with labelled sketches.
• The candidate’s answer in part (d)(ii) considered how they would be cut and smoothed, but the question asked
for a method to make the sawn ends square and smooth. To improve their answer, the candidate needed to make
reference to a sanding block, shooting board or disc sander.
• The candidate showed little evidence that they understood CAM for part (e), and to improve their answer and be
awarded the marks they needed to be able to explain the process.

59
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate demonstrates

some knowledge and understanding
of MDF and is awarded two marks.
Mark for (a) = 2 out of 2

2 The candidate is awarded a

2 mark for naming a suitable joint.
Mark for (b) = 1 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate's solution reveals

the edges of the base, so cannot be
awarded marks.
Mark for (c) = 0 out of 3

4 4 The candidate does not provide

notes or sketches to answer this
question.
Mark for (d)(i) = 0 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

5 5 The candidate is awarded a

mark for using a disc sander.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 1 out of 3

6 6 The candidate is awarded two

marks because they refer to a laser
cutter and the setting of the machine
speed.
Mark for (e) = 2 out of 4

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

7 7 The candidate's second

advantage is correct and they are
awarded a mark.
Mark for (f)(i) = 1 out of 2

8 8 The candidate gives a correct

answer.
Mark for (f)(ii) = 3 out of 3
Total mark awarded =
10 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of MDF in part (a) and was awarded two marks.
They could have improved their answer if they had justified their choices and related them back to the use.
• Part (b): the candidate was awarded a mark for naming a suitable joint, but to improve their answer, their sketch
needed to be a more accurate representation and be clearer to understand.
• Part (c): the candidate glued a base to the bottom to the box, which would not have been very strong. To improve
their answer, the candidate needed to consider a base that could be fitted inside the box. The candidate could have
improved their answer throughout with clearer sketches and/or more notes to support their work.
• Part (e): the candidate referred to a laser cutter and the setting of the machine speed, but to improve their answer,
they needed to give more details of the process.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Some candidates did not understand CAM (as demonstrated in part (e)), and few were able to access the full
marks available.
• In part (f)(i) some candidates gave general advantages of the material rather than linking the material back to the
user, so they were not awarded the marks.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Question 13

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate provides two

similar properties, so is awarded
one mark.
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 2

2 2 The candidate produces a

detailed, accurate drawing of an
appropriate joint with detailed notes
so is awarded the full five marks.
Mark for (b) = 5 out of 5

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate’s answer needs

to refer to a twist ‘bit’, so cannot be
awarded the mark.
Mark for (c)(i) = 0 out of 1
4 4 Neither of these answers is
correct.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 0 out of 2

5 5 The candidate provides two

correct pieces of equipment.
Mark for (d)(i) = 2 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate gives a suitable

answer, with specific named
equipment and a clear, annotated
drawing.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 3 out of 3

7 7 The candidate provides two

correct reasons.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 2 out of 2

8 8 The candidate gives a suitable

answer.
Mark for (e) = 2 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate sketches

recognisable legs made out of a
suitable materials. The notes also
suggest how the legs would be fixed
to the holder.
Mark for (f) = 3 out of 6
Total mark awarded =
18 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of hardwood in part (a), but ‘hardwearing’ and
‘durable’ were similar points. To improve their answer, the candidate needed to refer to another property such as
‘aesthetics’ or they needed to justify how these were two separate points.
• Part (b): the candidate produced a detailed accurate drawing of an appropriate joint, gave detailed notes and was
awarded the full 5 marks.
• The candidate showed some knowledge of drilling but they needed to refer to a twist “bit” in part (c) and the
scrap material would be located under the work piece rather than on top. The candidate demonstrated good
understanding of metal processing and communicated their ideas well with specific named equipment and clear
annotated drawings.
• To improve their answer and be awarded the full 6 marks in part (f), the candidate needed to refer to the height of
the legs and give more details about how the legs were made and joined to the holder.

67
 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate’s first property is

correct.
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 2

2 2 The candidate sketches a

recognised dowel joint, showing
three dowels, so is awarded two
marks.
Mark for (b) = 2 out of 5

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (c)(i) = 0 out of 1
4 4 The candidate’s second reason
is correct.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 1 out of 2

5 5 The candidate provides two

correct responses.
Mark for (d)(i) = 2 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate shows that

the metal would be held around a
former, so is awarded a mark.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 1 out of 3

7 7 The candidate gives two valid

responses.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 2 out of 2

8
8 The candidate gives an
incorrect answer.
Markl for (e) = 0 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate sketches

recognisable legs that allow the
holder to fit into the support, shows
the supported height and chooses
appropriate materials to be awarded
five marks.
Mark for (f) = 5 out of 6
Total mark awarded =
14 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of hardwood in part (a), but to improve their
answer and be awarded their second mark they needed to explain how the properties of hardwood wouldn’t
interrupt the plant growth.
• For part (b) the candidate showed some understanding of dowel joints, but to improve their answer they needed to
demonstrate accurate marking out, refer to the size of the dowel and name an appropriate specific glue.
• To improve their answer in part (c), the candidate needed to be more specific and name the correct type of bit and
refer to preventing cracking or damage.
• To improve their answer overall, the candidate needed to refer to specific tools or equipment.
• The candidate answered the last section well, but to improve it further they could have included more detail on how
it would be constructed.

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

1 1 The candidate’s second

property is correct.
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 2

2 The candidate does not provide

2 a valid response.
Mark for (b) = 0 out of 5

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

3 3 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (c)(i) = 0 out of 1

4 4 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 1 out of 2

5 5 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (d) = 0 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner comments

6 6 The candidate shows the

metal being held securely and
demonstrates that a mallet should
be used, so they are awarded some
marks for this.
Mark for (d)(ii) = 2 out of 3

7 7 The candidate provides two

valid responses.
Mark for (d)(iii) = 2 out of 2

8 8 The candidate gives an

incorrect answer.
Mark for (e) = 0 out of 2

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 Example Candidate Responses – Paper 3

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner comments

9 9 The candidate does not provide

a valid set of sketches and notes.
Mark for (f) = 0 out of 6
Total mark awarded =
6 out of 25

How the candidate could have improved their answer

• The candidate demonstrated some knowledge and understanding of hardwood in part (a), but to improve their
answer they needed to clarify the point about water absorption because this was too vague to be awarded the
second mark.
• The candidate provided an answer for part (b) with sketches and notes, but to improve their answer they needed
to give more detail about how the dowel joint would be positioned and used.
• The candidate showed some understanding in their answers for parts (c) and (d) with better diagrams in part (d)(ii)
which contained identifiable equipment and labels to explain their thinking. To improve their answers in the other
parts, they needed to include more details and explanations.
• To improve their answer in part (f), the candidate needed to add more details, this could have been done through
sketches, notes or a combination of both.

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• Generally, this question was answered well, and the candidates were able to access the range of marks.
• Some candidates gave answers such as ‘strong’ or ‘hard’ for the properties of hardwood in part (a) but these
properties were too vague to be awarded a mark.
• Candidates generally had a good understanding of dowel joints but some did not specify the correct sizes or
consider the material thickness.
• Some candidates lacked knowledge of the types of drill bits that could be used for part (c) (i).

75
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