19.11.

2023

Introduction
Employers must protect employees:
Personal Protective • Assess the workplace

Equipment • Eliminate and reduce the hazards found using

engineering and administrative controls
10-hour General Industry • Then use appropriate personal protective
equipment
Outreach Training
• Remember, Personal Protective Equipment is
the last level of control.

Introduction Hierarchy of Controls

Source: OSHA
Source of photos: OSHA

Introduction Hierarchy of Controls

Lesson objectives:
1. Describe the hierarchy of controls as it relates
to personal protective equipment.
2. Identify types of personal protective
equipment utilized in general industry.
3. Explain personal protective equipment
training requirements.
4. Explain the employer responsibilities regarding
personal protective equipment.
5. Explain the employee responsibilities
regarding personal protective equipment.
Elimination/substitution:
• Highest level of protection
• Eliminate hazard from the workplace
• Substitute
• Use safer item/substance
• Use same chemical but in a different form; as particle size
of a substance decreases, hazard level increases
Source: OTIEC Workgroup

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Hierarchy of Controls Types of PPE

Engineering controls: Head protection:
• Physical changes to workplace • Frequent causes of head injuries
• Examples • Falling objects from above striking on the head;
o Isolation • Bump head against fixed objects, such as exposed
pipes or beams; or
o Ventilation
• Accidental head contact with electrical hazards.
o Equipment modification
o Others

Source: OSHA

Hierarchy of Controls
Administrative controls/work practice control:
Types of PPE
Why head protection is important…
• Requires worker or employer to do something
• Examples
o Written proper operating procedures, work permits and
safe work practices
o Inspection and maintenance
o Housekeeping
o Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials
o Supervision
o Training
o Alarms, signs and warnings
o Regulated areas
Source: OSHA
o Limit exposure by time or distance

Hierarchy of Controls
PPE controls: Types of PPE
• Classes of hard hats:
• Requires worker to wear something • CLASS G (General)
• Examples • Protect against impact, penetration
• Low-voltage electrical protection (proof-tested to 2,200
volts)

Source of Photos: OSHA Source of graphics: OSHA

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Types of PPE Types of PPE

• CLASS E (Electrical) Eye and face protection:
• Designed for electrical/utility work
• Protect against falling objects, impact
• Electrical protection against high-voltage
(proof-tested to 20,000 volts)

Source: OSHA
Source of images: OSHA

Types of PPE Types of PPE

• CLASS C (Conductive) • Common causes of eye injuries
• Designed for comfort; offers limited protection • Chemical splashes
• Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects • Blood or OPIM splashes or sprays
• Does not protect against falling objects or electrical
hazards
• Intense light
• Dust and other flying particles
• Molten metal splashes

Source: OSHA
Source: OSHA

Types of PPE
Types of PPE
• ANSI Z89.1, 1997 • Eye and face protection – must comply with
• Type I: provides protection from • ANSI Z87.1-2003, or
objects fall directly on top of the
helmet, but not from objects that strike • ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998)
the side, front, or back of the head.
• Type II: provides protection from strikes
to the top of the head and also provides
protection from blows to the sides,
front, and back of the head. More
suitable for workers who are not always
in a standing position
Source of photos: OSHA

Source: OSHA

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Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Selecting eye and face protection – elements
to consider: • Goggles
• Protect eyes, and the
• Ability to protect against workplace hazards
facial area immediately surrounding
• Should fit properly the eyes from
• Should provide unrestricted vision and movement impact, dust, splashes. Source: OSHA

• Durable and cleanable • Some can be used over corrective

• Allow unrestricted functioning of other PPE lenses, if they fit them.

Types of• PPE

Safety glasses
Types of• PPE
Goggle types
• Used to protect against moderate impacts from
particles

Direct-ventilated Indirect-ventilated Non-ventilated

• Resist direct passage • Prevents fogging • Does not allow the
of large particles into by allowing air passage of air into the
the goggle circulation goggle
• Prevents fogging by • Protects against • Prevents splash entry
allowing air circulation liquid or chemical
• May fog and require
splash entry
Source of graphics: OSHA
frequent lens cleaning
Source: OSHA.gov

Types of PPE
Types of PPE • Face shields
• Prescription glasses
• Protect face from nuisance
• Employees who use
dusts and potential splashes
prescription glasses while or sprays of hazardous liquids
performing operations with
potential eye hazards must use • Shields do not protect from
eye protection that:
Source: OSHA impact hazards unless so rated
• Incorporates the prescription in its design, or • Shields are for face protection, not eye Source: OSHA

• Can be used over your prescription glasses without protection. To protect the eyes, wear safety
interfering with the proper positioning of the prescription glasses with side shields, or goggles under the
glasses or goggles face shield.

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Types of PPE
Types of PPE • Elimination/substitution or Engineering controls
• Welding shields • Eliminate toxic material or substitute a less toxic material
• Protect eyes from burns caused • Enclose or confine operation
by:
• Infared light
• General or local exhaust
• Intense radiant light
ventilation
• Only when engineering
• Protect eyes and face from flying controls are not feasible,
sparks, metal spatter, and slag
chips will respirators be used

Source: OSHA
Source of photos: OSHA

Types of PPE Types •ofTypes

PPE of respirators
• Laser safety goggles • Air-Purifying (APR) –
• Provide protection from hazards: remove contaminants from
air
• physical contact such as flying particles
• Particulate respirators
• ultraviolet light, laser, and welding
• Chemical cartridge/
gas mask respirator
• Powered Air-Purifying
Respirator (PAPR)

Source: OSHA
Source of photos: OSHA

Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Atmosphere-Supplying – provide clean,
Respiratory protection: breathable air
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR)

Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

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Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Medical evaluation Hearing protection:
• Before fit tests are conducted and employee is
authorized the use of a respirator, a medical evaluation
must be provide to determine the ability of the employee
to use a respirator.
• Identify a physician or other license health care
professional (PLHCP) to perform medical evaluations
using a medical questionnaire or an initial medical
evaluation with which the same information is obtained.

Source of photos: OSHA

Types of PPE
Types of PPE
• Inspecting and cleaning respirators • Exposure to noise levels over
• Inspect all respirators for wear and tear before and 85 dB can cause hearing loss
after each use
• Wash in a detergent solution; then, disinfect by • Hearing protection required
immersing in a sanitizing solution at 90 dB
• Implement effective Hearing
Conservation Program

Source: OSHA

Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez

Types of PPE
• Storing respirators
Types •of PPE
The employer must provide
Permissible Noise Exposure
• Protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, ear protection when the 29 CFR 1910.95(b)(1)
excessive moisture, and damaging chemicals noise level in the work area Duration per Sound Level
• Store in position to retain natural configuration is greater than indicated in Day (hours) (dBA)
this table. 8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1 105
1/2 110
1/4 115
Source: NIOSH
Impact noise should not exceed 140 dB
Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez

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Types of PPE
• Examples of hearing protection:
Types of• Types
PPEof gloves
• Disposable foam plugs
• Molded ear plugs
• Noise-cancelling ear plugs Source of photos: OSHA

• Ear muffs
• Consider Noise Reduction Anti-vibration
Leather Palm
Chemical-resistant
Rating (NRR) of devices

Heat-resistant Cut-resistant
NIOSH/John Rekus/elcosh.org Permeation-resistant
Source of photos: OSHA

Types of Types of PPE

PPE Foot and leg protection:
• Causes of foot injuries:
• How to insert • Falling or rolling of heavy objects
ear plugs • Crushing or penetrating materials
properly • Sharp objects that can penetrate
the sole
• Exposure to molten metal
• Working on, or around, hot, wet, or
slippery surfaces
Source: OSHA

• Working when electrical

hazards are present.
Source: NIOSH

Types of PPE
Types of PPE
Hand protection:
• Conditions requiring
• Potential hazards for hands
foot protection
• Skin absorption of hazardous
substances • Impacts
• Lacerations or severe cuts • Compressions
• Punctures • Cuts/punctures
• Chemical burns • Chemicals
• Thermal burns • Temperatures
• Extreme temperatures Source: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

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Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Examples of foot and leg protection Body protection – protective
• Impact-resistant toe and/or instep
clothing:
• Steel
• Composite
• Heat-resistant soles
• Metal shanks
• Specialty footwear may be needed
• Metatarsal guards
• Liquid- or chemical-resistant
• Conductive or nonconductive
Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

Types of• Protective

PPE footwear must comply with any of Types of PPE
• Provide protective clothing for
the following consensus standards: those parts of the body exposed to
• ANSI Z41.1 – 1991 - "American possible injuries
National Standard for Personal
Protection -- Protective Footwear," • Types of body protection
• ASTM F-2412 – 2005 – “ Standard • Laboratory coats
Test Methods for Foot Protection” • Coveralls
• ASTM F-2413 – 2005 – • Vests
“Standard Specification for Performance Source: OSHA • Jackets
Requirements for Protective Footwear” • Aprons
• Surgical gowns Source of photos: OSHA

• Full-body suits

Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Selection of body protection –
• Protection from hazards variety of materials effective against
• Shoes with metal toe-cap protects particular hazard
against knocks, falling objects • Paper-like fiber – dust and splashes
• Rubber shoes protect against • Treated wool and cotton – fire-
chemical materials, as directed resistant; dust, abrasions,
by the SDS rough/irritating surfaces
• Duck – cuts, bruises
• Leather – dry heat, flames
• Rubber, rubberized fabrics,
neoprene, and plastics – certain
chemicals and physical hazards
Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

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Types of PPE Types of PPE

• Protective clothing is required for HAZWOPER • Level D
activities • Required when minimum protection is needed
• Sufficient when no contaminants are present or work
• EPA’s levels of PPE operations preclude splashes, immersion, or potential for
• Level A unexpected inhalation or contact
• Provides highest level of protection • Examples
• Gloves
• Required when greatest potential for exposure exists and • Coveralls
greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is • Safety glasses
required
• Face shield
• Examples • Chemical-resistant, steel-toe boots or shoes
• Positive pressure, full facepiece SCBA, or positive pressure supplied air
respirator with escape SCBA
• Totally encapsulated chemical- and vapor-protective suit
• Inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
• Disposable protective suit, gloves, and boots

Types of PPE Training

• Level B Training requirements:
• Required for highest level of respiratory protection and
lesser level of skin protection
• Each employee who is required to use PPE
• Examples must be trained to know:
• Positive pressure, full facepiece SCBA, or positive pressure supplied • When PPE is necessary
air respirator with escape SCBA
• Inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves • What PPE is necessary
• Face shield • How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear
• Hooded chemical-resistant clothing the PPE
• Coveralls
• Outer chemical-resistant boots
• The limitation of the PPE
• Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and
disposal of PPE

Types of PPE Responsibilities

• Level C
• Required when concentration and type of airborne
• The employer is required to:
substances are known and criteria for using APR is met • Perform hazard assessment
• Examples • Provide appropriate PPE
• Full-face air-purifying respirators
• Inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
• Train employees
• Hard hat • Maintain/replace PPE
• Escape mask • Review/update/evaluate PPE Program
• Disposable chemical-resistant outer boots

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Responsibilities Knowledge Check

• The employer is required to pay for PPE used to
$ comply with OSHA standards
• Examples
• Metatarsal foot protection
1. Common causes of foot injuries include:
crushing, penetration, molten metal,
chemicals, slippery surfaces, and sharp
• Rubber boots with steel toes objects.
• Non-prescription eye protection
• Prescription eyewear inserts/lenses for full face respirators
a. True
• Goggles and face shields b. False
• Fire fighting PPE
• Hard hats
• Hearing protection
• Welding PPE
Answer: a. True

Responsibilities Knowledge Check

• Employer payment exemptions
$ • Non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear and
non-specialty prescription safety eyewear
• Everyday clothing
2. Who is responsible for providing PPE needed to
comply with OSHA standards?
a.
b.
The employee
OSHA
• Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used
solely for protection from weather c. The Employer
• Consumer safety items worn by food workers d. Workers’ Compensation
• Lifting belts
• When employee lost or intentionally damaged PPE

Answer: c. The Employer

Responsibilities Knowledge Check

3. Hazard controls must be addressed in which order
• The employee is required to: of priority?
• Properly wear PPE
a. Substitution, PPE, workaround, and administrative
• Attend PPE training
b. Workaround, stop work, PPE, and engineering
• Care for, clean, and
c. Stop work, PPE, engineering, and substitution
maintain PPE
d. Substitution, engineering, administrative, and PPE
• Inform supervisor of
needs for
repair/replacement
Source: OSHA

Answer: d. Substitution, engineering,

administrative, and PPE

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Knowledge Check Knowledge Check

4. Which type of hard hat would provide the most 7. Which of the following is considered approved
protection from electrical hazards? eye protection?
a. Class A a. Sun glasses
b. Class C b. Prescription glasses
c. Class E c. Reading glasses
d. Class G d. Glasses meeting ANSI standard Z87

Answer: d. Glasses meeting

Answer: c. Class E ANSI standard Z87

Knowledge Check Knowledge Check

5. Hearing protection is required when noise levels 8. Which of the following is NOT considered PPE?
exceed OSHA’s PEL of __ dBA as a TWA. a. Rubber gloves
a. 80 b. Glasses meeting ANSI standard Z87
b. 90 c. Sports shoes
c. 100 d. Hearing muffs
d. 110

Answer: c. Sports shoes

Answer: b. 90 dBAs

Knowledge Check
6. Who is responsible for providing specialized
work footwear?
a. Insurance companies
b. The employee
c. OSHA
d. The employer

Answer: d. The employer

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