Deadline: 20 November 2020 (Friday) at 11:59 PM

Write your name in bold and your answer below your name

Question:
Discuss the Evolution of Development Administration. Identify school of thoughts,
authors, relevant arguments, strengths and weakness and contribution to public
administration. Likewise, discuss the SDGs, MDG and PDP in relation to Development
Administration.

ANSWER BY GLY

There are different theories and models of development:

1. Classical or traditional models are associated with economic growth,

advancement and expansion. In economic terms, it is defined as the capacity of the
economy to generate and sustain and annual increase in its Gross National Product
(GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP); it also contends that population does not
explain everything. Classical Model of development is concerned with the provision
of basic necessities. Its limitations and weaknesses involve: it assumed that
economic growth would trickle down to the masses in the form of jobs and other
economic opportunities or create necessary conditions for a wider distribution of
growth. Classical Theory of development is based on Rostow’s linear stages of
growth which is composed of five stages: (1) traditional society: limited size of capital
stock with an agricultural economy of mainly subsistence farming; (2) Pre-conditions
for take-off: agriculture becomes more merchanisedand more output is traded but
external funding is required; (3) Take-off: manufacturing industry assumes greater
importance and agricultural assumes lesser importance. There is often a dual
economy with rising productivity and wealth; (4) drive to maturity: industry becomes
more diverse and growth spreads through different parts of the country; (5) age of
mass consumption: output levels grow, enabling increased consumer expenditure.

2. Redistributive/Social Development: Growth with Equity : experience shows

that despite economic growth in developing countries, the level of the living masses
remained unchanged; economic growth is necessary but not sufficient condition. In
the consideration of social development, development is redefined in terms of
reduction of poverty, inequality, and social injustice within the context of a growing
economy. This model argues that development must be conceived as a
multidimensional process which involves major changes in economic growth,
reduction in inequality, and eradication of poverty. It promotes three core values of
development: ability to meet basic needs, self-esteem, and freedom from servitude.

The objectives of development are:

- Increase the ability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods:
food, shelter, health and protection;
 - Raise levels of living: higher income, more jobs, better education, greater
attention to humanistic and cultural values, all of which serve not only to enhance
material well-being but also to generate greater individuals and national esteem;

- Expand rage of economic and social choices available to individuals and

nations freeing them from servitude and dependence not only in relation to other
people and nations but also to the forces of ignorance and human misery.

3. Sustainable Development: Empowerment and self-reliance advocates for

the equitable distribution of resources. Further, it discusses the development of man
as an individual and a social being. The development is geared towards the
satisfaction of needs, beginning with the eradication of poverty.

4. Sustainable Human Development: Participation. According to the United

Nation, the ultimate purpose of Development is to provide increasing opportunities to
all people for a better life, to have a more equitable distribution of income and wealth
in promoting both social justice and efficiency of production, raise substantial level of
employment, achieve a greater degree of income security, expand and improve
facilities for education, health nutrition, housing and social welfare, safeguard the
environment, and empower the people to develop themselves.

According to the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), Inclusive growth refers
to growth that is rapid enough to matter, given the country’s large population, geographical
differences, and social complexity. Also, sustainable growth creates jobs, draws the majority in
the economic and social mainstream, and continuously reduces mass poverty. PDP 2017-2022
explains that the country needs a resilient society and a globally-competitive knowledge
economy by 2022 to be laid down in order to achieve an inclusive growth characterized by a
matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay by 2040.

According to NEDA, there are three main reasons why the country has an unsatisfactory record
of economic and social progress: (1) the country’s economic growth is slower measured against
the achievements of the country’s neighbour; (2) the benefits of the progress have not been
broadly shared; and (3) issues of massive corruption and of questioned political legitimacy have
undermined the people’s sense of ownership of and control over public policy.

Growth has failed to benefit the majority. Thus, growth has failed to be inclusive (PDP 2011-
2016)

AmBisyon Natin 2040 is a collective long-term vision and aspiration of the Filipino people for
themselves and for the country in the next 25 years which describes the Matatag, Maginhawa,
at Panatag na Buhay by 2040. In order to realize the vision, all sectors of society, whether
public or private should direct their efforts towards creating opportunities for Filipinos. The
government, in particular, must use its tools of fiscal, monetary and regulatory policies to steer
the development path towards enabling Filipinos to attain their AmBisyon.

This would entail the development of all dimensions: economic, human and physical capital,
institutional, social and cultural. According to AmBisyon NAtin 2040, in order for the country to
live in a prosperous and predominantly middle class society where no one is poor, economic
growth must be relevant, inclusive, and sustainable.

The Philippine Development Plan (PDP 2017-2022) has the following strategies: to reduce
corruption, to achieve seamless service delivery, to enhance administrative governance, to fully
engage and empower citizens, and to strengthen civil service.