FKB 22303

STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY/

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS
CASE STUDY (FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF CLO3)

Date of Submission : 26 JANUARY 2024

Tutorial Group : ILG5/IM4/ OCT 2023
Program : _____________________________________
Tutorial Lecturer : MADAM ZATUL IRADAH ABDUL KARIM

No. Student Name Student ID

1.
2. NURUL ATEKA BINTI ABD HAMID 50222122121
3.
4. MUHAMMAD AIDIL ADAM BIN HASLAN 50225220211

This assignment will evaluate on the attainment of: PO Marks

Draw conclusion based on data output using inferential

CLO 3 1
statistics (C4, PO1)

Mathematics Section
UniKL Malaysia France Institute
 INDIVIDUAL PHOTOS OF GROUP MEMBERS

NAME : ________________________

ID NUMBER : ____________________

PROGRAM : _____________________

NAME : NURUL ATEKA BINTI ABD

HAMID

ID NUMBER : 50222122121

PROGRAM :BACHELOR OF
AUTOMATION ROBOTICS
ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS

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 NAME: MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN
MOHAMAD MOKHTAR

ID NUMBER: 50229121398

PROGRAM: BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(WATER ENGINEERING AND
ENERGY) WITH HONOURS

NAME : MUHAMMAD AIDIL ADAM

BIN HASLAN

ID NUMBER : 50225220211

PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY(MAINTENANCE)
WITH HONOURS

GROUP PHOTO

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The exploration of the intricate relationship between population growth and economic
development, specifically focusing on Malaysia's GDP per capita growth, is undertaken
due to the pivotal role demographic changes play in shaping a nation's economic
landscape. The historical population data from 1950 to 2024 provides a rich context for
analysing how Malaysia's population dynamics have evolved over time, offering a
unique opportunity to examine the interplay between demographic shifts and economic
indicators.

In delving into Malaysia's population growth and GDP per capita growth, the
expectation is to discern patterns and trends that reveal the impact of demographic
changes on economic performance. The provided data allows for an exploration of
whether periods of population growth are mirrored by corresponding economic
expansion or contraction. The aim is to gain insights into the nuanced relationship
between population dynamics and economic prosperity, offering valuable perspectives
for policymakers, economists, and researchers.

While numerous studies globally have explored the broader relationship between
population growth and economic growth, the specific case of Malaysia, as presented in
the historical population data, provides a unique context. Similar studies may have been
conducted elsewhere, examining different countries and regions. However, the
distinctive historical trajectory, policies, and socio-economic factors of Malaysia make
this analysis specific to its experience. While existing studies offer general insights, this
exploration contributes a more tailored analysis to the existing body of research, offering
context-specific insights into how population growth influences economic development
in Malaysia.

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2.0 DATA TABLE
GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in
the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of
the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets
or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar
figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange
rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate
effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor
is used.

 Malaysia gdp for 2022 was $406.31B, a 8.93% increase from 2021.
 Malaysia gdp for 2021 was $372.98B, a 10.57% increase from 2020.
 Malaysia gdp for 2020 was $337.34B, a 7.62% decline from 2019.
 Malaysia gdp for 2019 was $365.18B, a 1.78% increase from 2018.

Graf 1: Malaysia Economic Growth from 1961 to 2022

Image from: https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/MYS/malaysia/gdp-gross-

domestic-product

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Chart and table of Malaysia population from 1961 to 2022.
 The population of Malaysia in 2022 was 33,938,221, a 1.09% increase from 2021.
 The population of Malaysia in 2021 was 33,573,874, a 1.13% increase from 2020.

Graf 2: Malaysia population from 1961 to 2022

Table 1 : Malaysia – (Historical Population Data) and (Economic Growth - Historical

Data )

YEAR POPULATION ECONOMIC (GDP)

1961 8074805 1.902
1962 8324218 2.001
1963 8579350 2.51
1964 8835925 2.674
1965 9091016 2.956
1966 9340240 3.144
1967 9582086 3.189
1968 9821308 3.33
1969 10061684 3.665
1970 10306508 3.864
1971 10552557 4.244

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 1972 10801619 5.043
1973 11062664 7.663
1974 11335187 9.496
1975 11617947 9.299
1976 11910081 11.05
1977 12218924 13.139
1978 12543892 16.358
1979 12875011 21.213
1980 13215707 24.488
1981 13564594 25.004
1982 13921029 26.804
1983 14292862 30.347
1984 14686454 33.943
1985 15108135 31.2
1986 15558740 27.734
1987 16033103 32.181
1988 16524616 35.272
1989 17020143 38.848
1990 17517054 44.025
1991 18017464 49.143
1992 18526708 59.168
1993 19050077 66.895
1994 19588703 74.478
1995 20136888 88.705
1996 20689051 100.855
1997 21249178 100.005
1998 21810542 72.167
1999 22368655 79.148
2000 22945150 93.79
2001 23542517 92.784
2002 24142445 100.846
2003 24739411 110.202
2004 25333247 124.749
2005 25923536 143.534
2006 26509413 162.692

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 2007 27092604 193.55
2008 27664296 230.812
2009 28217204 202.257
2010 28717731 255.018
2011 29184133 297.952
2012 29660212 314.443
2013 30134807 323.276
2014 30606459 338.066
2015 31068833 301.355
2016 31526418 301.255
2017 31975806 319.109
2018 32399271 358.789
2019 32804020 365.178
2020 33199993 337.339
2021 33573874 372.981
2022 33938221 406.306

A. Data in excel file.

 ..\..\..\..\..\..\..\Documents\Data Malaysia – (Historical Population Data ) and
( Economic Growth - Historical Data ).xlsx

B. Data in excel file. the website/ source and the date you obtained from:
Referent:
 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/MYS/malaysia/population
 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/MYS/malaysia/economic-growth-
rate

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3.0 DATA CHECKING

3.1 CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

for our study case, the data that we chose are economic growth has been identified as the
dependent variable, while population serves as the independent variable. The data for both
variables is continuous. The study provides evidence supporting the notion that as
population increases, there is a corresponding increase in economic growth.

3.2 LINEARITY

Based on the scatterplot graph above, it appears that there is a positive relationship between
population and gross domestic product (GDP) in billions of US dollars. In other words, as the
population increases, the GDP also increases. This positive correlation suggests that there
may be an association between population size and economic output in the dataset.

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3.3 OUTLIERS

Based on the boxplot above, no data points lie beyond the "whiskers" of the Economic and
Population boxplots. The box in the boxplot represents the interquartile range (IQR), and the
whiskers generally extend to a certain distance beyond the IQR. If all data points fall within
this range, it implies the absence of apparent outliers in the dataset for both the Economic
and Population variables. This indicates that, based on the chosen criteria for defining
outliers in the boxplot, there are no extreme values in the distribution of both variables.

3.4 INDEPENDENCE OF ERROR

The graph above represents the residuals versus fitted values for a model where the
response is economic. It’s used to check the assumption of independence of errors in
regression analysis. The plot should ideally show no patterns and be random, but here there
is a clear pattern, indicating that the errors are not independent and there might be some underlying
pattern or structure that has not been accounted for in the model.

3.5 NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED

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Based on the graph above,we can see that most of the data points fall close to the line, but
there does apperar to be a slight curving. there is not data point that stands out.

3.6 VARIANCE OF RESIDUALS

There is a clear pattern in the graph above, indicating that the errors are not independent
and there might be some underlying pattern or structure that has not been accounted for in
the model.

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4.0 SCATTERPLOT DATA

Based on the scatterplot above, there seems to be a linear connection between population
and economic factors. A positive slope in the regression equation signifies a direct and
proportional relationship between population and economic variables. Essentially, as the
population value rises, there is a tendency for economic values to increase too. The positive
slope indicates a positive correlation, implying that the two variables move in the same
direction.

5.0 SCATTERPLOT WIT REGRESSION LINE

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Using the provided data, the parameter estimates for the regression equation obtained from
MINITAB indicate an intercept of -168.0 and a slope of 0.000014 This forms the regression
equation for the dataset, aligning with expectations from section 4. The independent
variable, Economic, proves valuable in predicting the dependent variable, Population. It
enhances our understanding of how the dependent variable changes with alterations in one
or more independent variables, enabling the prediction of trends and future values.

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constraction of 95.0% confidence interval for slope:

Thus, we are 95% confident that the true mean for the Economic lies between 79.5 and
143.5.

Test of 5% significance level:

H 0 : β=0

H 1: β ≠ 0

^β−β
t=
Sβ

0.000014−0
¿
0.000001

¿ 14

Since the p value (0.00) < α (0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis,
supporting the existence of a significant relationship between the variables being tested. The
lower the p-value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis, and the more
confident you can be in the presence of a significant relationship.

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6.0 CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF THE LINEAR REGRESSION EQUATION

Based on the data above, about the linear regression equation. There are no data points
that stand out. Correlations population economic between 0.939. Reflects the correlation
coefficient between the independent and dependent variables for the specified model, which
is a straight line. The r-squared statistic indicates how much variation in the data is explained
by the model fitted. Coefficient for population for T-value 21.16. P-value Coefficient for
population 00.00

R=0.939. There is a very strong positive relationship between the number of population. This
means as population increases, there is a corresponding increase in economic growth. The
higher of population the higher economic growth.

7.0 ACCURACY OF PREDICTION

Based on the Minitab output, the R² is 88.18%. It’s means that 88.18% of the total variation
in the data set is explained by the regression line. Thus, the regression line is relatively
effective. The high percentage reflects the usefulness of the regression model,
demonstrating that 87.99% of the economic fluctuations in Malaysia can be explained by
changes in population.

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 8.0 PREDECTING DEPENDENT VALUE USING CHOSEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

When two random value of x Population is chosen and calculated using the
regression equation, the value of y (economic) will change.

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9.0 CONCLUSION

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10.0 REFERENCE

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