UNIT II: PRIMARY SOURCES & U

CONTEXT VS CONTENT

Context
● can refer to a circumstance that shape the setting for an event, idea or
statement and in terms of which it can be fully understood.”

Content
● refers to the subject matter in a text.

PRE-16TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES

Pinagmula ng Lahing Filipino

● One of the most iconic scenes in the movie depicts Moana’s discovery of Wilhelm Solheim
her people’s legacy—their being descended from ocean voyagers.

Sakop Heograpikal ng Wikang Austronesyano

THEORIST ORIENTATION
Peter Bellwood Linguistics

Wilhelm Solheim Anthropology; genetic

Peter Bellwood and archeological evidence
Kalinangang Austronesyano
● Paggawa ng bangka at pamamangka
● Pagtatanim ng palay
● Pagpapalayukan
● Paniniwala/relihiyon – Anitoismo
● Pagtatatu
● Pagnganganga
● Pagkakapantay ng lalaki at babae
● Wika
 ● Bayan – ilaya at ilawod
Ilang Paglilinaw
● Ang kultura o kalinangan ay hindi katumbas ng sibilisasyon.
● Hindi gumamit ng kompas ang ating mga ninuno sa paglalayag.
● Mas tamang gamitin ang BAYBAYIN kaysa sa alibata.
● 1280 A.D., ika-13 siglo, at hindi ika-14 na siglo naitala ang unang
pagpasok ng Islam sa kapuluan.
● WALANG naiwang nakasulat na batas ang ating mga ninuno.
● Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna, 900 A.D.
● Wika bilang katibayan.
● Parehong may kalayaan at karapatan.
● Parehong namumuno.
● Parehong may mahalagang papel at ambag sa Lipunan.
Konklusyon
Mula sa heograpiya hanggang sa kalinangan at kasaysayan ng Pilipinas,
makikita ang mahigpit na pagkakaugnay-ugnay ng mga ito.
Patuloy ang pagtuklas sa kasaysayan, sa pinagmulan ng lahing Pilipino,
dahil sa paglabas ng bagong mga ebidensya. Bunga nito, kinakailangang alamin
ang pinakabagong mga pananaliksik tungkol rito.
Mahalagang suriin ang mga batis o reperensya para sa tumpak na
kaalamang pangkasaysayan. Mahalagang kilalanin kung sino ang
mapagkakatiwalaang awtor.
Makatutulong ang online sources sa pagberipika ng impormasyon.
CUSTOMS OF FILIPINO PRE-HISPANIC SOCIETY
Relacion de Las Islas Filipinas by Miguel de Loarca
● Miguel De Loarca was one of the First conquistadores to arrive in the
Philippines.
● He is the Author of Relacion de las Islas Filipinas and Verdadera Relacion
de la Grandeca del Reyno de China, published in 1582.
● He was a Loyal Spanish Military Officer, Loarca also became one of the
earliest encomenderos in the country when Miguel Lopez De Legazpi
granted him lands in Panay Island particularly in Oton.
There are Three Classes of Slave
1. Ayuey
● These slaves works three days for the master and one day for themselves.
● The ayueys women like their husbands work in the houses of the Master.
● They lived in the house of the master and only the ayuey can receive food
and clothing from their master.
● If the ayuey die, the masters takes away their property.
2. Tumaranpoc
● They live in their own houses and there are obligated to go to work for
their. One day out of Four days ( Having 3 days for themselves). If they fail
to work for their master, In order to cultivate their own fields, they give the
master each year then chicubites of rice each chicubite being equal to one
fanega.
● The value of tumarapoques are the same in ayuey.
● If the tumarapoques die the masters takes away their property.
3. Tomatabans
● These people hold in most respect
● These work in the house of the master only when there is some bangquet
or revel. On such occasions they bring small gift and share in the drinking.
● But when dlave dies, the property left by the slave is share with his
children by the master.
● During their lifetime, these slaves are bound to work for there five days in a
month or if they do not work they annually give the master five chicubites
of rice.
● The tumatabans are worth one tae or six pesos.
Labor Evangelica: Of the Government and Political Customs of these
Peoples by Francisco Colin S.J.
● Francisco Colin ( 1582-1660) one of the most prominent Jesuit missionary
and historian of the early colonial period.
● Colin discusses the customs and traditions of the Philippines, Southeast
Asia such as Sumatra and Molucas
● He also studied the local languages to understanding of early Filipino
culture and society.
● Colin discussed their physical appeaerance, clothing, marriage, eating
pattern, song and dance.
● There were no king or rulers worthy of mention throughout this archipelago
but there were many chiefs who dominated other less power.
 ● Barangay is used to be their form of government. The name barangay is
originated from Balangay, a Malay word for sailboat. It may composed of
about 30-100 families, and is ruled by either Datu, or Maginoo.
LAWS
● Their laws and policy which were not very barbarous for barbarians
consisted wholly of traditions and customs.
● It may be written or not
● Unwritten laws are spoken laws that is passed by of course the word of
mouth, and may be passed through generations.
● Witten laws are made by the Datu together with the council of the elders
as his advisers.
There are three kinds and classes of People
The Chief who the Visayans call "Datu" and the Tagalogs called "Maginoo"
● The chieftain of the whole barangay and is thge wealthiest person in the
community.
● The Datu have many powers.
● In times of peace: Executive, Legislator and Chief Justice.
● In war: he is the commander in Chief of the armed forces.
● Foreign affairs: the datu enables treatise and truse( Sanduguan).
How one can be a Datu?
● It may be inherited, either by a man or a woman. ( the eldest child)
● Or may be chosen by the community according to the following
characteristics ( bravest, wealthiest or the wisest).
The "TImauas" in the visayans and they called in Tagalog "Maharlika"
● Interrmediate class of men who had enough land, those who rendered
services to the rulers and do not work on fields.
● They are the commoners. They can own their own land and don't have to
pay regular tribute.
● They called also a Freeman.
The Slaves called "Oripuen" by the Visayans and "Alipin" by the Tagalog
● By forcing them to do work for their masters
● Slavery may be due to the ff:
1. Inherited status
2. Captured by the enemies in war
3. Those who cannot pay their dept
4. Punishment of the crime commited
5. Sold to become slave
Cronica by Juan
● Juan Francisco De San Antonio is a missionary of the Franciscan order
and coming from the order of zealous and influential missionaries such
Juan De Plasencia and Pedro De San Buenaventura.
● He discusses some parts of Mindanao and even other parts of Southeast
Asia.
● He gives a detailed discussion of Filipino beliefs San Antonio gives a more
detailed account on supertitious beliefs.
DOWRY
● A gift turned over by the groom to the bride's parents for all practical
purpose in exchange for the bride.
● A dowry is thge transfer of parental property to a daughter as her
inheritance at her marriage rather than at the owner's death. A dowry
establishes a type of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely.
● Dowry can range from carabao, piece of lands, jewelries, cash, brass
gongs etc.
Five Kinds of Dowry
1. Bigay-kaya
● Consist of land, gold or dependents. Any valuable article will do in the
absence of these.
2. Panghimuyat
● certain amount of money given to the bride s parents as a parent for
the mothers effort in rearing the girl to the womanhood.
3. Bigay-suso
● bride given to the wet-nurse who fed the bride during infancy with milk
from her own breats.
4. Himaraw
● sum of money to be given to the parents as a reimnursement for the
amount spent in feeding the girl during her infancy.
5. Sambon
● a dowry given to the girls relatives.
❖ Weddings are officiciated by the priestess or babaylan.
❖ Uncooked rice is thrown on the couple after the wedding ceremony.