Renewable Energy Sources,

Energy Meteorology

EEE 483
RENEWABLE ENERGY

M Rezwan Khan, PhD

Executive Director, Institute of Advanced Research
Professor, Dept. of EEE, UIU
 Sources of Renewable Energy

 Solar
 Wind
 Hydro
 Biomass
 Biogas
 Biofuel
 Geo-thermal
 Tidal
 Wave
World Solar Resource Map
World Wind Resource Map
World Wind Resource Map
Bangladesh Wind Energy Map
Hydro Power Generation Map (South Asia)

• India=49.36 MW
• Pakistan=7.48 MW
• Sri Lanka=1.72 MW
• Bhutan=1.622 MW
• Nepal=0.97 MW
• Bangladesh=0.23 MW
Geothermal Energy Resource Map
World Biogas Scenario
Solar Energy Meteorology
 Solar Radiation

 Solar radiation is created by nuclear fusion reactions in

the sun's core, which causes it to emit a large amount of
electromagnetic radiation, mostly in the form of visible
light.
 The amount of solar radiation reaching the earth is
inversely proportional to the square of its distance from
the sun.
 The sun's surface emits about 63 million watts of energy
per square meter. By the time the energy reaches the
Earth, after traveling 150 million kilometers, or 93 million
miles, it has diminished to 1,367 watts per square meter at
the top of the atmosphere directly facing the sun. It is
called Solar Constant.
Solar Radiation

More energy from the

sun falls on the earth
in one hour than is
used by everyone in
the world in one year.
 Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface

 The sunlight that

reaches the earth's
surface unmodified by
any of the atmospheric
processes is called direct
or beam solar radiation.

 Solar radiation that

reaches the earth's
surface after it was The addition of the direct
altered by the process of component of sunlight and the
scattering is called diffuse component of daylight
diffused solar radiation. falling together on a horizontal
surface make up Global
Horizontal Solar Radiation.
 Solar Irradiance

 Solar irradiance (SI) is the power per unit area

(W/m2), received from the Sun in the form of
electromagnetic radiation.

 It depends on the latitude and longitude of a location

how much SI it will receive.

 Bangladesh receives an average SI of 650 W/m2.

Solar Irradiance
 Solar Insolation

 Solar irradiance is often integrated over a given time

period in order to report the radiant energy emitted into
the surrounding environment.
 This integrated solar irradiance is called solar
irradiation, solar exposure, solar insolation,
or insolation.
 Solar Insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy
(solar radiation) incident on the surface of the earth.
 Solar insolation levels are generally expressed in
kWh/m2/day.
 Bangladesh has an average solar insolation of
4.5 kWh/m2/day.
Azimuth, Zenith & Elevation Angle
Azimuth, Zenith & Tilt Angle
 Air Mass (AM)

 Air mass is a measure of how much atmosphere the sun's rays

have to pass through on their way to the surface of the earth.

 Since particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter light

rays, the more atmosphere solar radiation passes through on
its way to us, the less solar energy we can expect to get.

 The air mass at any given moment is expressed as a ratio

between how much atmosphere the sunlight has to pass
through right that moment and how much atmosphere the
sunlight would have to pass through if the sun was directly
overhead.
 Air Mass and Solar Irradiance

 The closer the sun is to

the horizon, the longer its
path across the sky is and
the larger the air mass is.
This can be seen from the
diagram below.

 “AM1" is the air mass

when the sun is directly
overhead and the least
amount of atmosphere
needs to be crossed to
reach the earth's surface.
Air Mass and Solar Irradiance

SEA Air Mass W/m2

90° 1.00 1040

75° 1.03 1030
60° 1.15 1000
45° 1.41 950
30° 1.99 840
20° 2.90 710
15° 3.81 620
10° 5.59 470
5° 10.3 260
1° 26.3 56
0° 38 20
Thank you