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Vee I @ r aa ear, BbUITAPCKA AKAJIEMHS HA HAYKHTE: M3BECTHA HA ETHOFPA®CKHA MHCTHTYT H MY3EFt KHHPA VI, 1963 Fr. 3A MIPOH3XOJA HA BbJAPCKHA COKAM &b3 OCHOBA HA ETHOPPA®CKH AHHH MAPHS| BEJIEBA BarapcKoTo HapoAHO 2XKeHCKO sa6parxnave, HSBECTHO MOA HasBAHKETO coxail, nopaxna roasm wnTepec, 3aCBHAETERCTAYBAH C PANN H sMOrOGPOtiA CHOGILENHs,! cpanunrerin Gene xKH? 1 HapOuHH NPOYsBAHHs,’ KOHTO B MOBENeTO cayuan Ce AbLKH Ha HETOBH CbILECTBEHH YEPTH: NYEACTABHTETEH BUA; echexTHHt MPOUSBEXEHHA Ha HaPOAHOTO HKYCTBO —- IEBHUM, HAKHTH; PasnpoctpanenHe B cTapa KyatypHa oGaact, cBEpsava ¢ MCTOpusiTa Ha GrarapcKun Hapon — Txpuoscko, Fa6porcko u ap. Ho cpetauuara, B KoATO TOM € pasrne@xknaH & WsIKOM CTATHH, MOCHETEHH Ha HETO H_MO-TOWHO Ha HerOBUA NPONsXOA, NOKasRa, ye_Te3H Hay4HH sanMMaHH HMaT HM Apyri noAGyaH. B TAX To ce pasraewaa kaTO CHOOT OCOGeHO APKHTe HM yGeAHTeEAHH MOKagsaTeACTRA 3a _NOTPHPRAA- BaHe Ha HAKOM Mput ua eTHorpaduata oT Kpad ua XIX it mpppure stece- THREE XX-k ata -HanpeD _Murpallisita Ha HapOAHHTe MOTHBH C No- coxa ot Crapua Hato kpm Esponeiicxua Sanaa, 3a npowsxoaa Ha Hapol- Hata KyATypa KATO ,cHw2KeHa KYaTypa* Ha ,BHCUIMTe caoeBe* H AP. TOA, TOAALpKaHH HOT HacneABAYHTe Ha OarapcKna Our H KyaTypa OT TOBA Bpeme.! Taxa cnopea Cr. JI. Kocron, ppp GnarapcKn eTnorpad, Koitro MpoaBaBa M0-IIIKpoK HuTepec KbM COKaM, KopeHHUTe Ha MOBeYeTO HerOBH OT- Remun yacTH tpA6na na ce THPcsT B Yy%KAM KyATypAn cihepy. B meraauye- 11. C. Pakowcn, Moxasazen nan ppkoboacTno KaK Aa ce MSHICKRaT H MSAMpAT Hall ‘crap Neprn Hamero Guta, s3uKa M WapoaonoaoKeHMs, Caparo MH NpawaeNNA, caaBHaro Mu mectBN M np., Oxeca, 1859, c. 117; K. Apewex, [erysanua no Byarapns, Taonane, 1899, ¢. 221; JI.’ Muaerus, Craporo Gxarapeno macerenite B Ceseponsroua Brstrapns, Copus, 1902, c. 63,70 n ap.; Mux. x Heaeaves, m wesrun oT JloByaHcKO, COopuux Jiones u JloswancKo, Codus,. 1930, xm. TI, ¢. 141 Llonves, Hs o6mectsenoro M KyarypHo wanaa0 Ha ['a6pono, Cogua, 1934, ¢. 130-141; H. Kyamanon, Hocusta 6 ¢. JleGeaen, }OGuachna xwnra sac, JleGeret, Typnodo, 1938, c. 263-264; H.C ta nes, Hictopuata va Tupuonckara npeaSafxanicxa Kotaopuna, 7 10, 1942, c. 236M ap 2B. Mapenxos, Buarapexa wencka nocus ot XVILn,, MHEM, xit. I-IV, 1937)c. 30; B. H. Beaune, Hapoanan oaewaa yauypres, Mocksa, 1951, c.73;H. U.Taren- Top, Boarapexaa o2exaa, Chopra Myaea aitponoaorim # stuorpadum, T. XVIII, Jlewmrpaa-Mocksa, 1956, ¢. 258—259 u ap. 8 Cr. J. Koctos, Coxan, MHEM, roa. 1, xi. 1, 1921, c. 3-16: Maxeaoncxn y6pycn ¥ coxam, HHEM, roa. V, xn. I-IV, 1925, c. 813; Kp. Musten, Mpowsxoa m aanes na Tepwonckns coxaf, MAM, xu. XVI, 1953, c. 71—78. “Hp, JL UumManon, Suavennero m sazawre wa namata etuorpapis, COHY, 1, 1889, ¢. 6 h ca; H.Il. Konaaxk 08, Maxeaonns, Apxeosormieckoe nyremecrsue, CI16, 1914, c. 45,48 1 ca. CKMA MY T1pOveAHHK Toll BHAKa CpeqHOBeKOBHA BUBAHTHiicKA AHaLeMa, KOATC 3aeAHO_C_pyru_opuari_ 1 oGaekaa oT BHBAHTHIICKH” WapcKH Bop —e TipeMi= Hana B GrarapcKus. Orram TH € Olid Mpewecena Bcpea HapoAHUTe Macu fo cpeacraom ConapersoTO, ROTSTO TO € TEPCHNO OEM ax 110 BPE Wa-wamectsHéro wa TypunTe (XIV B.).!-Cr, Ji. —Kocron—emsra,—se—erparns= HATE BEPWKHM BHCYAKH K’bM TOBA 3aOparxaane samecTBat ,OHCepHHTe BHCYAKH Ha ObarapcKara M BUSAHTHVICKA KOpOHa“*, aMOHETHHTE ,eAeUIKH™ C NOAOPaAHuK ca ,THNMGAH OpHenTancKH Ykpaulenua, munam y Hac npes Typckara eni0xa™* Jkenrara Gata usaura wopna Cr. Ji. Koctos orjapa wa olile flo-naxeuuo waTOUHO BAMARHE.’ Jo NOAOOHH H3BOAM 3a NPoHsxXOAA Ha COKaA, HO Beye NO- KbCHO H 10 WETA Ha apxeonorHueckuTe npoyuBaHis HABA Makan. Kp. Muses. 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Koctos, Coxau, c. 7, o6p. 7; w cnopea maGmorenua Ha Mysefuu Marepuati. * flak tam, cxp. 4, 06p. 2; n cnoper naGmoxenue Ma Myaefiun watepHaa, * Tlax ram, c. 810, ta6a. II, IIT; m cnopex Ma6mozenne na myaefiMn Narepuaan, 'Cr. JL Kocron, ¢. 4, ofp. 1. 5 Tlak tam, c. 4, o6p. 2. © Choper myseftun Mareptaam n TepenHn HaGaorcunN. 7 Choper Tepennn waGwoxenna. 159 7 E Coxasr ce cenpasa Hc Apyri naKurit, 3a orGeamapane e, Ve HaKHTHTe KbM NOWTH BCHYKH HETOBH pasHOBHANOCTH ce OGeAMHABAT MO MecTONOAOXeHHE, Tpenwasnavenne HW AOpH nO OOM vepTH, a ce pazalabaT NO Hay Ha npH- TrorBaHe, MaTepHaa, xynoxectBeHo ocpopmapane. [lo npeavasnayenve ce 060- cOGaBaT.2Ba BHA HAKHTH ; May UH Ros Sane any. Haayuinure na- KATHCa_BHCAUIM HJ ObTHO NMpHAeNHaIH KM. C1aBaTA.. re Ca_O6NKHO- BeHO OT BUa Ha MHOROCTPEKHTE. 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YnorpeOABaHH ca H TpeTH ‘BMA HaKHTH C SHCTO MpakTHVeCKO MPEAWASHAEHHE, HO xYAOXKeCTBEHO paspa Goren — wpa 3a sakpenpave ua Kbpnara KM NoaAOxKKaTa, HepHNana 600 (La6porcko), nou6ddKa (JloweuKo) 4 xp. CHEN _Ha_Te3H_ ACHO O*OPMEHH H.cHOmUM 3aGparKABHHs_HasBaNMeTO COKAM APYTH, KOHTO Ha NpbB normed HaMaT ocoGeNo GaHsKa_MpH- auka ¢ mocovennTe pastoriiaiioct#. Ho avamanr wa hopwara u cpcTapa HM, OOMHTE HM OMepTaHuA NOKASBAT BpL3Ka NoMeExAY uM. OT TOsH Pod e CoKdKM OT_HAKOM cena NO OTAEIHK npuTONH—a—SluTpa,_u3a_EncuckO HW TSproBcko (aanp. Mepaaus, Jparmxeso, 3narapuua 1 xp.). Tofi npeactapaapa TopOosMana lanka, B KOTO Ce npHGupat KocuTe, c YerHa npeseaka or KOpa, OGreveHA B i ueppeH Maat, oOuuT C GaecTaIO BeaMO HM HaHH3 or MoueTH. B uaKOM cea 3 MpeaGamkaucKata KoTAOBHUA Ka SluTpa (c. TemusicKo, [TEpaomaiinu, Camono- | neve, XoTHHIa Mp.) HMa CnomenH 3a ynorpeGata Ha Ho.L0Gua TopGoBHANa | lanka ¢ MoAKOBOOOpasHa TBEPAa OcHOBA H C HOANepTaHo 3aBUTH KPaHtta 3a YulMTe, OGBHTa CIO B YEPBEHO CYKHO HC BeSMO OT JTCKAB Tea, Ha- puyan coxdil. Cnopex anunt va6soxenna (c. Toaama Keasaua, Creno, JTe- CHapsH) M OGHaponant AanuH B TposHicko Owaa HoceHa manka c KpBraa TBDpAa OcHOBa, HapKuata COKAH, NO Cpelata C Porye, NOKpHTa c AbArA KBpna. Kparkust w oGmt nperaen Ha OrarapcKure sa6paxkAanus, WaBeCTHH lO WasBaHHeTO COKaii, noKasBa, Ye Te C€ OGERHHABAT OCBEH OT OGmO HME OMe 4_OT cbilectBeHn cRon Genesn. Bens iH €XHAKEH “OCHOBHH exe- MeHTH, MpHOANSHTeETeH aKEB CBCTAB, OOMIM NO BHA HM npequasHadeHne ykpauienua. Te ce cabpabat H 10 reorpadckKo pasnpocrpaxenne—-no-Bpeme Wa MacOBaTa UM ynotpeOa ca noBcemecTHO H NAGTHO paanpocTpaneuH nouTH ¥3 Wea Gacelix no ropHoTO HM cpeaHoTO TeveHHe Ha STpa mM -oTYacTH TO But _H-Ocem. Ba6paxraneto Hc coKait ce cpema raaBHO B ARE _pasHOBUANOCTH BLS OCHOBA Ha CTRECHOTO HAH BOAOPABKOTO NoAOKeHHe Ha MOLORKATA KM PAA pata. CokaaT c oTBecHOTO pasnoaOxKeHHe Ha jYbCKaTa saeMa sanaqvara YaCT 1 Cr, Jl, Koctos, Conan, c. 6, o6p. 3. 4; c. 7, 6p. 6. 2 Tlax tam, ¢. 6, o6p. 5, ¢. 7, o6p. 6. 8 Baazen Hanes, [pax Tpoa npes XIX w., Copus, 1933, c. 16—17. 160 O6p. 1. Maasa sxena cc coKi ot ¢. Boxentt, a6poncko. Kpant na XIX n. (Pucyn a na Hi. B, Mupxaiuwa) of oGaactra wa pasnpocrpaneHieTo Ha ToRa aaGpaxnane H nopaan no-umpo- kara nonyaspuoct OBCKHS MY BapHaHT € MapecTeH OA HasBanHeTO ra6popckm coxa (6p. 1). KM Hero cnana H coKanT oT naaunncKuTe ceanma na JlosemKo (c. Credaiowo, Bisarapene a ap.). Bropuar coxait — c BOROPABHOTO PAIMONOKEHHe Ha ABCKATA — ce Cpelila NpeAMMHO HB ceauMaTa ka Tspuonckata KoTaOBHHa-C-tleHT Spc. -Kuandapeno, nopaiw-Koero-WOCH HAIBANHETO THPHOBCKM HAH KUANG@aApPCKH coKaii (op. 2). C nocaer- HWS Ce CBBpsBaT H WANKHTe coKaH OT EaeHCKO M HAKOM MOACKH cena U3 TepHoBcko mio oGmtITe ONepraHHa Ha MsMOCTHOTO saGpaxKaaNe, no copmure Na OTAeAHHTe HM ACTH HM OCOGeHO MO siCHO MapaseHata TenAeNIMA Ha NpO- NeaMMka KbM IThAHO CKaHOWBAHE Ha Kpailtata My BKpBr. 4a ra M1 Vonecrme wa E pabexwm wer. mysed, x. VI 161 Q6p. 2. Kena cue coxai or Topuowcko. Kpagt na XIX B. (Pucynka ua Hie. jLuserpon) PasHomuAHOCTHTe Ha ACeKH eH OT NOcoueHHTE CoKaH B NOBeYeTO cayYaHt WaT MecTeH MpoH3XO7. Te Ca BHO peayatatT Ha pasaMyna ® NOApOGHOTO GPopusBaie M ykpacaTa Ha OTHeAAHTe -vacTH, BEB B3ANMNOTO uM paanono- 2KEHHE H CYCTAHHE, KOHTO Cé AbUKAT OTUACTH Ha TROPYECKOTO yuaCcTHE Ha MecTHOTO HaceMeHHe, KAKTO MM Ha pyr chakropu, zelicrByBaam B cpe- java, B KosTO Te ce ynorpeOsBar. 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[Iperaexsr Ha reorpaipcKoTo pas- NpOcTpakeHHe Ha pasloBHANocTHTe Ha aa6paxkAAHMATa, MpOHSXOKAAMU OT “abyporata ocHioBa, NOKaBHA, Ye OTJATevEHOCTTa HM OT Hew € OGpatwa Ha Gaut- GocrTa HM jo crap WH HOBH HKOHOMMMeCKH Hi KYaTYpHHM ueHTpowe. Towa JoGerosrencrso iaausa Hane ocoGeNO mpi Haxrite. Kaxro ce RNAS, O6H2- |uure Meraau¥eckH waKHTH KM coKanre 43 FaGpoBcKo H TEpHOBCKO Ca THOR | a BucoKO paaBuToTo snaTapcTBO_nipes BeapaklaieTo Taw, A~THXHaTa~naaH- ‘qHoct npe3 XIX B. Moxkeaa-Boam Hayan0TO CH OT Olle-no-AanewHO MHHaIO, KaTO Ce Ma IPeX BHA BUCOKOTO pasBHTHe Ha saHasTHTe B CTapata OwaTapcKa 1M. Beaena, Eatia Gwarapexa sa6panka, c. 682. 2K. Seaenun, HKencene rozounkte yGopa Hiocrowinex caanan, Slavia, Ve fparay 19261927, ¢. 304. 8 Tax’ ram, a 4M. Beaema, Eana Gwarapeka aaGpaaka, c. 688. M. 0. Kocwen, Ovepki vcropin nepaoGuriof Kyabrypi, Mocksa, 1953, ¢. 91. 166

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