UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUD! SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER! |ANICAL /AGRICULTURAL VEL 300 2021/2022 END OF SECOND TRIMESTER EXAMINATIONS MEE 306: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER hours Date of examination: 4" July, 2022 Time Allowed Index Number... Instruction i, Answer ALL Questions in Section A and any THREE Questions in Section B ii, Section A is 40 marks and any other Three Questions in section B is 20 marks each Do all rough work on the question paper where necessary Write your ID number clearly on each page of the paper Make sure you have signed the attendance shect before leaving the exam room SECTION A [40 marks] 1. (a) What are the physical mechanisms of each mode of heat transfer. [6 marks] (b) Discuss the concept of thermal conductivity in solids, pure-metals, and non- metals. [6 marks] (c) What is heat flux? [2 marks] (@) Define thermal conductivity and explain its physical significance. [6 marks] (¢) Write the expressions for the physical laws that govern each mode of heat transfer. [6 marks} () How does heat conduction differ from heat convection? [2 marks} (g) What is a blackbody? (2 marks} (1) Consider heat through a windowless wall ofa house on a winter day. What are the factors that affect the rate of heat conduction through the wall? [6 marks} (i What is the difference between forced convection and natural conveetion? [4 marks] Page 1 of 3 Scanned with CamScanneree SECTION B [60 marks] 2. The rectangular block shown below has thermal conductivity value of 14.4 W/m. k. ‘The block is well insulated on the front and back surfaces, and the temperature in the block varies linearly from left to right and from top to bottom, wen an. Find; (@) The heat fluxes and heat flows in the x —and y —directions [20 marks} (b)The magnitude and n of the heat flux vector. [8 marks] (©) Indicate whether heat transfer is a scalar or vector quantity? Explain your answer. [2 marks] A rectangular block has thickness B in the x direction. The side at x = 0 is held at, temperature, Ty, while the side at x = B is held at temperature, T2, The other four sides are well insulated. Heat is generated in the block at a uniform rate per unit volume of P. Thermal conductivity is assumed constant. (@) Derive an expression for the steady state temperature profile, T(x). [5 marks] (b) From (a), calculate the maximum temperature at Ty = 100°C; Tz = 0°C; K = 0.2 W/m. kg B= 1.0 mand x = 0.3m, [3 marks] (c) Explain the term steady heat transfer. [2 marks] Page 2 0f3 Scanned with CamScanner a,4. The temperature distribution across a plane wall of thickness 1m and thermal conductivity K = 40 W/m. k, at a certain instant of time is given by T(x) =a + bx +x where a = 900°C; b =300°C/m, ¢ = —50°C/m?, and x is in meters. If uniform heat generation in the wall. @ = 1000 W/m, area of the wall, A = 10m? and heat capacity cp = 4K J/Kg.k. Find; (a) The rate of heat transfer through the wall [8 marks] (b) The rate of change of energy [4 marks] (©) Time rate of change of temperature at x = 0,0.25 [8 marks] 5. A long hollow cylinder has inner and outer radii r, and rp, respectively. The temperature of the inner surface radius 7, is ata value T,, while the outer surface at radius 7p is at a value T, Assuming for steady state unidirectional heat flow in the radial direction with no internal heat generation, derive expressions for; (a) The steady state temperature profile, T(r), in the cylinder wall, [12 marks] (b) The heat flux and heat flows. [8 marks] S. Abukari Page 3 of 3 Scanned with CamScanner