2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE- REVISION QUESTIONS.

Page 1 of 4
1. Define gaseous exchange. (1mk) b) Why was boiling tube A covered with aluminium foil?
2. Explain the significance of gaseous exchange. (2mks) (1mk)
3. Name two sites/structures used for gaseous exchange in c) Account for the observation made in boiling tube A and B.
higher plants. (2mks) (4mks)
4. Name two structures for gaseous exchange in aquatic 18. Giving a reason, name the gaseous exchange surface in
plants. (2mks) amoeba. (2mks)
5. Explain two ways in which the leaf is adapted for gaseous 19. Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in amoeba.
exchange. (2mks) (4mks)
6. Explain two ways in which floating leaves of aquatic plants 20. Explain why amoeba lacks elaborate gaseous exchange
are adapted to gaseous exchange. (2mks) system. (1mk)
7. How is the aerenchyma tissue adapted to its function? 21. a) Describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces in
(2mks) animals. (10mks)
8. Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in the b) Explain why an adult grasshopper will not drown/ die
aerenchyma tissue. (4mks) when the head is immersed in water. (2mks)
9. Explain how the lenticels are adapted to their function? 22. Name the structure used for gaseous exchange in:
(2mks) a) Mosquito larvae. (1mk)
10. Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange through the b) Mosquito pupae. (1mk)
lenticels. (4mks) c) Mayfly nymph. (1mk)
11. What are pneumatophores/ (1mk) d) Adult grasshopper. (1mk)
12. Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange through the 23. Describe the path taken by carbon (IV) oxide released from
pneumatophores. (4mks) the tissue of an insect to the atmosphere. (3mks)
13. What is the function of guard cells? (1mk) 24. The diagram below shows the gaseous exchange system of a
14. Explain the structural adaptations of guard cells to their locust.
function. (4mks)
15. Describe the mechanisms of opening and closing stomata.
(20mks)
16. A group of students placed a fresh leaf in warm water. They
observed that air bubbles formed on the surface of the leaf.
a) What biological process were they investigating? P
b) Name the structures from which the air bubbles were
coming from. (1mk)
c) Explain the distribution of the structures named in (b)
above on the leaf surfaces of: a) Name the structure labeled P, Q, R and S. (4mks)
i) Aquatic plant. (2mks) b) How are the parts labeled P, Q, R and S adapted to their
ii) Land plant. (2mks) functions? (8mks)
iii) Xerophyte/ plant found on arid/ semi-arid areas. c) Describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in structure
(2mks) labeled S. (4mks)
17. The form two students set up an experiment as shown 25. A rare disease was found to attack the respiratory system of
below. insects. Giving a reason, name the parts of the insect that
are likely to be affected by the disease. (2mks)
26. Name the respiratory surfaces in a frog. (3mks)
27. Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog
through:
a) Mouth/ Buccal cavity. (4mks)
b) Skin. (4mks)
c) Alveolus. (4mks)
28. Describe the mechanism of breathing through the lungs in a
frog. (10mks)
29. Name the gaseous exchange surface in bony fish. (1mk)

a) State the aim of the set up. (1mk)

 2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE- REVISION QUESTIONS. Page 2 of 4
30. The diagram below illustrates an organ used for gaseous 36. The diagram below represents part of gaseous exchange
exchange in bony fish. system in human

M P

a) Name the organ illustrated above. (1mk)

b) Name the parts labeled M, N and L. (3mks)
c) Explain how the parts labeled M, N and L are adapted K
to their function. (10mks)
d) Describe how oxygen dissolved in water reaches the a) Name the part labeled P, F, G, H, K and J. (6mks)
blood in capillary found in part L. (5mks)
b) State the function of epiglottis. (1mk)
31. Explain why the floor of the mouth is lowered during
c) How is the part labeled P adapted to its function? (3mks)
inhalation in a bony fish. (2mks)
d) State the function of the parts labeled G, H, J and K.
32. Explain why fish dies shortly after removal from water.
(4mks)
(3mks)
e) Give the function of pleural fluid. (1mk)
33. The diagram below illustrates flow of water and blood in
f) Name the process by which inhaled air moves from the
the gill filament.
structure labeled K into blood capillaries. (1mk)
37. The photograph below shows the inner surface of the upper
Direction of flow of blood
left side of the rib cage.

34.
Direction of flow of blood
a) What name is given to the flow illustrated above?
(1mk)
b) Explain the significance of the type of flow named in a) a) Name the bone covered by the fatty tissue labeled K. (1mk)
above. (2mks) b) Explain the role of the part labeled M in inhalation. (5mks)
35. The photograph below illustrates a procedure carried out 38. The diagram below represents a model used to
to study gaseous exchange in a certain animal. demonstrate breathing in mammals.

a) Identify two dissecting tools being used in the procedure

illustrated. (2mks)
b) Name the part of the organism labeled H and state its
a) Name the mammalian structure represented by the parts
function. (2mks) labeled:
c) i) Draw a well labeled gaseous exchange structure under i) D. (1mk)
study. (3mks) ii) F. (1mk)
ii) How is the part labeled in c) i) adapted to efficient iii) E. (1mk)
gaseous exchange? (3mks) iv) Balloon. (1mk)
2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE- REVISION QUESTIONS.
b) State the observation made when the string is pulled
downwards. (1mk)
c) Explain the observation made in b) above. (2mks)
39. The diagram below illustrates a blood capillary surrounding
a structure for gaseous exchange in human beings.
a) Name the gaseous exchange structure. (1mk)
b) Identify the gases labeled Y and Z. (2mks)
c) How do the gases labeled Y and Z reach inside the blood
capillary? (5mks)
d) How does smoking cigarette lead to lung cancer? (2mks)
40. Describe the mechanism of breathing in mammals. (10mks)
41. State the difference in content of oxygen and carbon (IV)
Oxide in the air that enters and leaves the human lungs.
(2mks)
42. Explain why it is advantageous to breathe through the
nostrils. (2mks)
43. a) Name the part of brain which controls breathing. (1mk)
b) Explain four factors that control breathing in humans.
(4mks)
44. The diagram below shows gaseous exchange in tissues.
a) Name the gas that diffuses:
i) To the body cells (1mk)
ii) From the body cells (1mk)
b) Which compound dissociates to release the gas named in (a)
(i) above? (1mk)
45. The diagram below represents a part of the rib cage.
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a) Name the parts labeled W, Y and Z. (3mks)
b) How does the part labeled Z facilitates breathing in?
(3mkss)
46. Explain two differences in mechanism of gaseous exchange
between insects and mammals. (2mks)
47. Explain what happens when:
a) Diaphragm muscles contract. (3mks)
b) Diaphragm muscles relax. (3mks)
48. a) Explain how too much dust particles may affect the
respiratory system. (2mks)
b) Explain why allergies cause difficulty in breathing.
(2mks)
49. Name four diseases of the respiratory system. (4mks)
50. Name the causal agents of the following diseases:
a) Tuberculosis. (1mk)
b) Whooping cough. (1mk)
c) Pneumonia. (1mk)
51. A student divided a small airtight box into two chambers
with a wire mesh. In one chamber he kept a number of rats
and in the other a number of potted plants. What was likely
to happen if the box was placed in the dark for two hours?
Explain. (2mks)
52. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a disease
transmitted through air and in china spread and killed
people in Europe.
a) Name the parts of the body that are likely to be
infected. (3mks)
b) State three ways of preventing the spread of the disease
from one person to another? (3mks)
53. The form two students set up an experiment as shown
below.
a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk)
b) Account for the observation made in test tubes A and B.
(4mks)
c) Explain why:
i) Clip A was closed during breathing out.
(1mk)
ii) Clip B was closed during breathing in.
(1mk)
2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE- REVISION QUESTIONS. Page 4 of 4
54. Below is a graphical representation of how basal metabolic 61. The table below shows the volume of gases contained in
rates compare in various animals. 100cm3 of a blood sample tapped at two points in the
mammalian circulatory system.

Gas Blood entering the Blood leaving lungs

lungs (cm3) (cm3)
Oxygen 8.65 20.25
Nitrogen 0.75 0.75
Carbon (IV) oxide 55.60 31.65
a) Account for the difference in gaseous composition of:
i) Blood entering the lungs. (2mks)
ii) blood leaving the lungs. (2mks)
b) Explain why most athletes prefer training from high
From the graph, explain why the mouse has a higher breathing altitude areas. (3mks)
rate than elephant. (3mks) 62. Explain how the presence of guard cells affect the opening
of stomata. (5mks)
55. a) Name the respiratory structure in the amoeba. (1mk)
b) Give a reason for your answer in a) above. (1mk)
56. Below is a photograph of Brassica oleracea, Sukuma wiki leaf.

a) Using observable features only explain how the leaf is

adapted the leaf to gaseous exchange. (2mks)
b) Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and
aerobic respiration within a leaf. (2mks)
57. State the role of each of the following in the mammalian
respiratory system:
a) Mucus. (2mks)
b) Cartilage rings. (1mk)
c) Epiglottis. (1mk)
58. In an investigation, students set up the apparatus below in
the laboratory and made observations after 72 hours.

a) Explain how inclusion of the following components

would affect the mouse in the experiment:
i) Light. (2mks)
ii) Sodium hydroxide solution. (2mks)
b) State why the students preferred to use a bell jar and
not a tin box in the experiment. (1mk)
59. Describe how the gaseous exchange structures in plants are
adapted to their function. (20mks)
60. State the importance of a well-developed blood capillary
network in the alveoli. (1mk)