PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING PMAY-G

AT THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, IN VILLAGE

BAHADURPUR

Submitted by,

KUMAR SANJEEB ROUT

Department of MBA Rural-Development
Contact Number: 8984086030

Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad

(Constituent of University of Allahabad)

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 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project report entitled “Problems in implementing PMAY-G at the household
level, in village bahadurpur” is a bonafide record of the work carried out by KUMAR SANJEEB
ROUT (Roll No-14) towards the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the degree of
Masters of Business Administration (Rural Development) at Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science
Institute, Allahabad, U.P.

The results presented in this report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for the
award of any degree or diploma.

The original research work was carried out by him under my supervision in the academic year 2021-
2022. On the basic of the declaration made by him I recommend this project report for evaluation.

Date: Signature

Project Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to acknowledge the generous and sincere help of our academic director Prof. Badri Narayan
Tiwari and our placement officer Dr. Rewa Singh, for giving me a chance to visit in the village and to
examine vision & mission of identification of rural people’s basic, contemporary & future needs very
closely & to gain new experience about rural economy.

I would like to give my special thanks to Prof Pradeep Bhargava for guide me in each and every step
of my study.

I also like to thank all of my faculty members for their guidance and valuable support to me during the
village visit. And also very thankful to villagers of BAHADURPUR for co-operating with me during
field visit and also for providing me the information regarding the nature of people, about
government policies, about village infrastructure & natural resources, crop pattern. The information
and insights provided by them have been extremely valuable for me.

Date: KUMAR SANJEEB ROUT

Table of Contents

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List of Graph:.........................................................................................................................................6
List of Photo:.........................................................................................................................................6
List of Table:..........................................................................................................................................6
List of Abbreviation...............................................................................................................................7
ABSTRACT:.............................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER-1: VILLAGE PROFILE...............................................................................................................9
1.1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................9
A- Location.................................................................................................................................9
B- Demography of the Village..................................................................................................10
C- Social Structure....................................................................................................................10
1.2: WEATHER AND SEASONALITY...................................................................................................11
A- Weather...............................................................................................................................11
B- Temperature........................................................................................................................11
C- Agriculture...........................................................................................................................12
1.3: NATURAL RESOURCES...............................................................................................................12
A- Water...................................................................................................................................12
B- Land.....................................................................................................................................12
C- Forestry................................................................................................................................13
1.4: INFRASTRUCTURE.....................................................................................................................13
A- Electricity.............................................................................................................................13
B- Roads...................................................................................................................................14
C- Drainage..............................................................................................................................14
D- Communication...................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER- 02 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................................................................................16
2.1: ‘Housing for the Poor and the Impact of IAY in Rural India:.....................................................16
2.2: NITI Aayog Government of India, New Delhi............................................................................16
2.3: Impact of rural housing scheme on human development in India...........................................17
2.4: Applying appropriate technology in the construction of rural house.......................................17
CHAPTER- 03 DESIGN OF THE STUDY...................................................................................................19
3.1: Housing in India........................................................................................................................19
A- Housing Status.....................................................................................................................19
B- Affordable Housing..............................................................................................................19
C- PMAY-G................................................................................................................................21
3.2: Objective...................................................................................................................................22

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 A- Housing status of PMAY-G Beneficiary................................................................................22
B- Impact of PMAY-G in village bahadurpur.............................................................................22
C- Views and problems of PMAY-G beneficiary........................................................................22
3.3: Challenges................................................................................................................................22
A- PMAY-G...................................................................................................................................22
B- Clients......................................................................................................................................22
C-Organisation.............................................................................................................................22
3.4: Methodology............................................................................................................................23
A- Stakeholders........................................................................................................................23
B- Interview..............................................................................................................................23
C- Questionnaire......................................................................................................................23
3.5: Demand and Supply Gap..........................................................................................................24
India’s Housing Shortage:............................................................................................................24
3.6: Data Analysis............................................................................................................................25
3.7: Finding......................................................................................................................................31
3.8: Reference.................................................................................................................................31
3.9: ANNEXURE................................................................................................................................32
Questionnaire PMAY-G beneficiary 2016-2020...........................................................................32
Questionnaire PMAY-G beneficiary 2016-2020...........................................................................33

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 Graph 1.1 PRAYAGRAJ climate
Graph 1.2 List of stakeholders
Graph 1.3 Number of family member
Graph 1.4 Employment status
Graph 1.5 Monthly income of family
Graph 1.6 Problem to receive PMAY amount
Graph 1.7 Total amount received
Graph 1.8 Is PMAY amount enough to complete house
Graph 1.9 From where they take additional amount
Graph 2.0 Current loan amount
Graph 2.1 Land document
Graph 2.2 Status of the house

List of Graph:

Table 1.1 Location of village

Table 1.2 Demography of the village
Table 1.3 Social structure
Table 1.4 Temperature by month
Table 1.5 Land use pattern
Table 1.6 Sustainable development goal
Table 1.7 Total no of respondent
Photo 1.1 Agriculture land
Photo 1.2 Real map of village
Photo 1.3 Village map made by our team

List of Photo:

List of Table:

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 List of Abbreviation

EWS: Economically Weaker Section

HFC: Housing Finance Company

HSS: Housing Support Services

KM, mm – KILO METER, Milli Meter

LIG: Low Income Group

MFI: Micro Finance Institution

MIG: Middle Income Group

MOF: Ministry of Finance

MoHUA: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

MoRD: Ministry of Rural Development

MSME: Micro Small Medium Enterprise

MUDRA: Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency

NGO: Non-Government Organization

NHB: National Housing Bank

OBC – OTHER BACKWARD CAST

PMAY: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

RI: Revenue Inspector

SBI: State bank of India

SC – schedule caste

SDG: Sustainable Development Goal

SFB: Small Finance Bank

SHG: Self Help Group

ST – scheduled tribes

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8
 ABSTRACT:

Access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing is the first indicator of the 11th Sustainable
Development Goal. In India, most Economically Weaker Section (EWS) or Low-Income Group (LIG)
category people live in informal settlements, without access to decent housing, legal tenure, clean
water, or sanitation. For an individual, housing has been defined as a "basic necessity" after food &
clothing. The urban housing stock in the 2011 Census has been estimated as 78.48 million. The
present urban housing shortage is 18.8 million homes, of which 15 million are needed in the LIG
category.

To address these gaps in the rural housing program and in view Government’s commitment to provide
“Housing for All” by 2022, the scheme of IAY has been re-structured into Pradhan Mantri Awaas
Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) w.e.f 1stApril 2016. This report cover the process of PMAY-G, Views
and problems of PMAY-G beneficiary, Impact of PMAY-G in village BAHADURPUR, Housing
status of PMAY-G Beneficiary That is there house is now in which stage (completed/ lintel level/
plinth/ house sanctioned/ propose site). All the data is collected in both the primary and secondary
method. Secondary data is collected from the government web portal where as the primary data
includes the formal interview and questionnaire part.

In my research I find that only 50% of the beneficiary receive their full amount that is 120000 and
55% of the beneficiary face problem like pradhan commission to receive the PMAY-G amount. All
the beneficiary say that the amount sanctioned in PMAY-G is not enough to compete a house of 25
sq.mt, additional amount of 40000-50000 require to complete the house. But they are unable to take a
housing loan because most of the government and private bank don’t have the housing scheme/
housing loan and the lower income family can’t afford the home loan product provided by the bank
due to the high loan amount and interest rate. Then the MFI, HFC are require the land document for
the housing loan (51% beneficiary don’t have land document) due to this problem they are not able to
go to any bank/MFI/HFC. Most of the people that is 81% take loan from Money lenders, SHG,
Family / Relation. And till now only 31% PMAY-G houses are get completed in village
BAHADURPUR.

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 CHAPTER-1: VILLAGE PROFILE

1.1: INTRODUCTION

As part of the Village Visit, i conduct a survey of village Bahadurpur, in Prayagraj district of Uttar
Pradesh. I have the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and interactions
taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on the lives of the
people of the village. Main aim of my visit is to understand the housing status of the village and find
the impact of PMAYG in village.

A- Location

Bahadurpur village is located in Bahadurpur block of Prayagraj district in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It
comes under Bahadurpur Panchayat. It is located 10 km from Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science
Institute, 20 km towards North from District headquarters, and 21 km from DM Office Prayagraj. The
Village is divided into three parts respectively by National Highway-19 and State Highway 7, this
village is subdivided into 7 settlements. It is situated on an inland and has an area of about 260.78
km2. Geographical Coordinates is 25°25'37.7"N 81°59'43.0"E.

Village Bahadurpur

Block Bahadurpur
District Prayagraj
State Uttar Pradesh
Boundaries
East Sarai Rahiya, Dodapur
West Bhagipur, Kunadeeh
North Tendue, Chak Johra, Bani
South Abusa, Dharauli, Sihipur
Parliamentary Constituency Niwas

Table 1.1: Location of village

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 B- Demography of the Village

Village has been divided into 8 major settlements they are:

Abusha Mod Basti, Singraur & Bind, Sonker , Pashwan, Mangta Basti, Bakhtiyara Basti, Dadopur
Basti, Mushahar Basti

Total population of this village is 2478: out of which male population is 1311 and female population
is 1167. Sex ration of this village is 853 females for 1000 males.

Parameters Census Current Difference

2011-2021
Total Population 1689 2487 +789
Total No. of Houses 280 452 +172
Female Population % 47.80% (808) 47.09% (1167) +359
Male Population % 52.16% (881) 52.90% (1311) +430
Working Population % 39.3% 57.3% +18%
Child Population (0-6 Years) 258 292 +34
Girl Child Population % (0-6 Years) 48.1% (124) 53..1% (155) +31

Table 1.2: Demography of the village

C- Social Structure

The village has a homogenous population of Hindu. The Social group composition of the village is
divided amongst the Scheduled Tribes (ST), Schedule Caste (SC), and Other Backward Caste (OBC).
The Hierarchy-based class structure is visible where the Singraur’s (Patel) possess maximum land and
they are the dominant caste followed by Bhartiya (SC) Community.

Parameters Census Current Difference

2011-2021
Schedule Tribe % 0% 1% +24

Schedule Caste % 49.6% (838) 43.3% (1073) +235

1.2: WEATHER AND SEASONALITY

Table 1.3: Social Structure

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 A- Weather

The Prayagraj district receives average rainfall of 1042 mm. 80 – 90 % of annual rainfall is received
Southwest monsoon period i.e., June – September. The agriculture is both rain fed and ground water
fed. The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter.

B- Temperature

The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter. The mercury rises sharply in the
summer and touches about 35 - 40 degree Celsius in the summer and dips as far as 7 – 9 degree
Celsius in the winter.

Avg. Temperature 15.8 °C 19.6 °C 25.2 °C 31.2 °C 33.9 °C 33 °C 29.1 °C 28.4 °C 27.9 °C 25.9 °C 21.8 °C 17.3 °C
°C (°F) (60.4) °F (67.2) °F (77.4) °F (88.1) °F (92.9) °F (91.4) °F (84.4) °F (83.1) °F (82.2) °F (78.6) °F (71.3) °F (63.1) °F
Min. Temperature 9.7 °C 12.9 °C 17.5 °C 23 °C 26.9 °C 28.3 °C 26.5 °C 25.9 °C 25 °C 20.8 °C 15.7 °C 11.2 °C
°C (°F) (49.5) °F (55.2) °F (63.5) °F (73.3) °F (80.4) °F (83) °F (79.8) °F (78.7) °F (76.9) °F (69.4) °F (60.3) °F (52.2) °F
Max. Temperature 22.2 °C 26.4 °C 32.7 °C 38.8 °C 40.4 °C 37.9 °C 32.4 °C 31.6 °C 31.5 °C 31.2 °C 28.2 °C 23.8 °C
°C (°F) (71.9) °F (79.5) °F (90.8) °F (101.9) °F (104.7) °F (100.1) °F (90.3) °F (88.8) °F (88.6) °F (88.2) °F (82.8) °F (74.8) °F
Precipitation / 17 20 11 7 10 137 332 275 187 36 4 6
Rainfall mm (in) (0.7) (0.8) (0.4) (0.3) (0.4) (5.4) (13.1) (10.8) (7.4) (1.4) (0.2) (0.2)
Humidity (%) 67% 60% 43% 29% 36% 51% 78% 82% 81% 69% 61% 65%
Rainy days (d) 2 2 1 2 2 9 18 18 13 3 1 1

Table 1.4: Temperature by month

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 C- Agriculture

Many farmers in village have their own cultivation land. there are 75 % of farmers who are producing
on their own agricultural land and rest 20% people are agricultural labour, street vendors, migrated
labour, & other seasonal works such as bricks making, driving, poultry farming etc.

The main crops in village are:

• Rice (Kharif crops)

• Wheat (Rabi crops)

• Potato (Rabi crops)

Photo 1.1: Agriculture Land

Some of the land (0.1% approximate) is also used for Olericulture (vegetables farming) villagers
(Singraurs) used to produce for their own consumption only.

1.3: NATURAL RESOURCES

A- Water

The Village doesn’t have any pond or clear waterway in it or near it, so villagers have to take help of
Handpumps, submersible or Tube-wells. The major source of water is underground water. It is drawn
with the help of hand pumps and tube wells. The village has a total of 79 hand pumps among which
approx. 60 has been configured like submersible as groundwater is very deep.

B- Land

According to the Villagers the village has fertile soil and it needs Less Pesticides or other chemicals to
produce crops and vegetables. The soil type is Clay loam to sandy loam.

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 Land Use Pattern Area in hectare
a.
Total Geographical Area 125 hectares
b.
Net irrigated area 123.75 hectare
c.
Net sown area 122.5 hectare
d.
Multiple crop land area 112.5 hectare
e.
Irrigated land area 81.25 hectare
f.
Un-irrigated land area 2.5 hectare
g.
Grassland area 1.25 hectare

C- Forestry

As the village is situated on inland, it does not have any forest in village or near the village. The
nearest forest near this village is 216 km from Bahadurpur village which is Bandhavgarh. Villagers
have grown few useful trees near them like Neem, Mahua, Sagon, Sisaam, etc.

1.4: INFRASTRUCTURE

A- Electricity
Table 1.5: Land use pattern

Electricity supply in Prayagraj District is maintained through a system of sub-stations, transformers-,

feeders-, high- and low-tension lines.

Electricity is available approximately 16 hours with 1 interruption in a day. The sample survey shows
that 100% of the households are electrified.

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 B- Roads

The village is connected through a concrete Road, near the village there is PCC which is of 1km in
stretch. Inside the village road are both Kuchha and Pucca. The sample survey shows that 59% of the
households say that the road is dilapidated, 22% of the road is of poor quality, 16% of the road is
average and just 3% of the sample says that the road is of good quality.

The village is also connected by the main road i.e., National Highway-19 and State Highway 7.
Which allow this village to be called as semi urban Village.

C- Drainage

Drainage is a problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads, even
road is Kaccha on some places. That is why water stagnation is a serious problem in the village,
especially in rainy season in this particular season stagnant water invites monsoon diseases like
malaria and diarrhea.

D- Communication

There is land line phone available in this village. Mobile phone network is also available. The proper
use of mobile phone started in 2010. The village has network connectivity of BSNL, Airtel, JIO, and
various other operators. This village also has post office so communication can also be made via letter
or telegrams.

Photo 1.2: Real map of the village

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Photo 1.3: Village map made by our team

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 CHAPTER- 02 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1: ‘Housing for the Poor and the Impact of IAY in Rural India:

(Anand, 2017) in his study titled: Housing for the poor and the impact of IAY in Rural India: Present
context; has analyzed the impact of housing for rural poor in India in rural poverty eradication with
reference to the major housing scheme of the Indian government i.e., Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY). It
is based on the secondary data. He argues that rural housing has been marginalized both in wider
policy discussions as well as within the debate on rural issues because rural housing needs are
generally subordinated to urban housing needs in policy priority. Yet housing is essential for the well-
being and social security of rural households. Compared to urban areas, rural areas are more deprived.
With incomes generally lower than the urban areas and seasonal unemployment, many households
find difficult to gain ownership of homes. This has implications for social sustainability of rural
communities and is causing increased polarization as younger people migrate to the urban areas in
search of jobs leaving behind their old folk and children resulting in negative impact on rural
enterprise and economic viability. He concludes that a house must have connectivity to drinking water
supply, sanitation, electricity etc in order to give a feeling of security to its inhabitants. Housing, as a
basic need has evolved as a prime component not only in providing shelter but also by providing
employment opportunities and aiding local development. This article puts across that the emphasis of
rural housing should be more and more on inclusiveness and on quality improvement. When a poor
man owns a house, it helps in giving him a self-identity, and that housing sector has positive impact
on overall standard of living of the rural people.

2.2: NITI Aayog Government of India, New Delhi

Development Facilitators, (2009), New Delhi has conducted an evaluation of rural housing
programme (IAY) under Economic Stimulus Package (ESP) in selected Naxal Affected districts in
Jharkhand, Bihar and Odisha. This study has been carried out for the Research Division of NITI
Aayog, Government of India, New Delhi. The study found that earning of respondents in post ESP
regime was noted to have increased marginally, and the proportion of beneficiaries not meaningfully
engaged in any activity prior to ESP intervention noted to be declined after getting an IAY house.
Increased scope for work opportunities were reported as beneficiaries were engaged in construction
activities of other fellow IAY beneficiaries, 44% reported scope for exposure to other avenues of

17
employment as women IAY beneficiaries were engaged in small business activities by becoming
members in Self Help Groups (SHGs). Other valued non-monetary outcomes perceived by a majority
of beneficiaries was reduction of discomforts or inconveniences after having pucca units and
indicating possession of pucca IAY dwelling units had impacted sustainable living. Augmentation of
social security was indicated to be one of the impacts as migration by younger people leaving behind
elderly persons was reduced after possession of IAY houses. Increased wage employment opportunity
nearby through MGNREGS was stated to have diminishing effects on seasonal migration of
adolescents and youths. Use of savings to better health of household members by ensuring sanitation
and drinking water within households. Over-all, the level of satisfaction owing to possession of IAY
units depicted positive valuation of dwelling units by respondents in terms of fostering societal
rejuvenation and improved social status.

2.3: Impact of rural housing scheme on human development in India

(Kumar K. K., 2016) in his research paper titled: ‘Impact of Rural Housing Schemes on Human
Development in India – An Analysis’ has analysed the problems of rural housing programmes on
human development in Karnataka taking into account, besides IAY, other major programmes of the
Government of India. This study argues that housing is known to have multiple linkages with the rest
of the economy and investments in housing have orchestrated impact in the region and on the broader
economy. This paper intends to analyze the various major housing schemes of the Government of
India. It is based on the secondary data. The authors have attempted to explain the multiplier effect of
housing programme to the weaker sections of the population in Karnataka. They have found that the
State Government of Karnataka has been very pro-active in creating a multiplier effect combining
IAY with other major development programmes in order to gear up human development efforts in the
state.

2.4: Applying appropriate technology in the construction of rural house

Research carried out by Srinivasan (1988) came up with the idea of applying appropriate technology
in the construction of rural house. He viewed that in the context of increasing housing needs,
resources available for construction need to be appropriated in best possible manner. According to
Srinivasan locally available resource must be incorporated in construction to the maximum extent.
The familiarity of the local artisans with correct uses of indigenous material and acceptance by the
people are positive advantage. Srinivasan (1988) found that large number of rural houses is
constructed with non-durable material like mud, grass thatch etc. Such construction requires frequent
maintenance besides being highly vulnerable to fire and natural hazards like rain, floods and
earthquakes. The livable quality of the houses leaves much to be desired. The technology should aim

18
at improving the durability and livability of houses. Extension of same argument has been located in
the work of Mathur (1989) where he linked rural housing technology with poverty eradication.
According to him adoption of appropriate technologies can contribute largely in mitigating the
economic and social problems faced by rural poor families in eradicating poverty by the use of self-
reliance in building technology, conservation of energy and maximum use of local reserves with
gainful utilization of traditional skills. Concern for appropriate technology in rural housing was also
discussed by Dutt (2002). He discussed that one of the major problems in rural housing is lack of
awareness and information about the various technical inputs required for habitat development.

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 CHAPTER- 03 DESIGN OF THE STUDY

3.1: Housing in India

A- Housing Status

India is urbanizing at a rate of 3.2% a year; the expectation of its urban population will reach 800
million by 2050.

The current housing deficit and demand suggest that about 110 million units will need to be
constructed by 2022, 90% of them in urban areas. An estimated 70% of these homes will be needed
for low-income populations, defined as households with an annual income of Rs. 300000-600000.
This shortfall in availability & affordability leads to the proliferation of informal settlements &
overcrowding. According to official statistics at least 99 million people about a quarter of India's
urban population live in slums. These settlements are often located in areas that are very exposed to
the impacts of climate change, such as low-lying coastal zones, steep slopes, and floodplains. India is
already experiencing a warming

Ensuring access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing is the first indicator of the 11th Sustainable
Development Goal, which calls for building sustainable cities and communities. Housing is necessary
because it allows people to lead healthy, secure, productive, and dignified lives. It is a durable asset
that provides owners with a way to save and gain access to credit. A sufficient supply of affordable,
climate-resilient Housing is critical to ending poverty and supporting economic development in cities
worldwide.

B- Affordable Housing

Affordable Housing means the economic potential of an individual to buy a house. So, Affordable
Housing aims to build disaster-resilient houses, Sanitation facilities based on the economic potential
of an individual. The PMAY Scheme addresses housing shortage among the EWS/LIG & MIG
categories, including the slum dwellers, by ensuring a pucca house for all eligible urban households
by 2022.

For an individual, housing has been defined as a "basic necessity" after food & clothing. The urban
housing stock in the 2011 Census has been estimated as 78.48 million. The present urban housing
shortage is 18.8 million homes, of which 15 million are needed in the LIG category

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 U.N. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Addressed Directly in our Analysis

Targets by 2030

Access for all to Enhance inclusive and Decrease the

adequate, safe & sustainable direct economic
affordable housing urbanization; losses caused by
and upgrade slum integrated & disasters,
sustainable human including water-
settlement planning related disasters

Increase the number of human

Support positive
Goal 11:
economic, social &
Make cities and
environmental links
human settlements
between urban, peri-urban
inclusive, safe, & rural areas by
resilient, and strengthening national &
sustainable regional development
planning
settlements adopting &
implementing integrated policies &
plans towards inclusion, resources
efficiency & resilience to disasters, &
develop & implement holistic
disaster risk management at all
levels.

Table 1.6: Sustainable development goal

Affordable Housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability criterion, which could
be income level of the family, size of the dwelling unit, or affordability in terms of EMI size or ratio
of house price to annual income.

Table 1.7: Guidelines for affordable housing

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 C- PMAY-G

Public housing programme in the country started with the rehabilitation of refugees immediately after
independence and since then, it has been a major focus area of the Government as an instrument if
poverty alleviation.

To address these gaps in the rural housing program and in view Government’s commitment to provide
“Housing for All” by 2022, the scheme of IAY has been re-structured into Pradhan Mantri Awaas
Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) w.e.f 1stApril 2016.

PMAY-G aims at providing a pucca house, with basic amenities, to all houseless households and
those households living in kutcha and dilapidated house, by 2022. The immediate objective is to cover
Rs.1.00 crore households living in kutcha house/dilapidated house in there years from 2016-17 to
2018-19. The minimum size of the house has been increase to 25 sq.mt (from 20 sq.mt) with a
hygienic cooking space. The unit assistance has been increased from Rs.70000 to Rs1.20 lakh in
plains and from Rs.75000 to Rs.1.30 lakh in hilly states, difficult areas and IAP districts. The
beneficiary is entitled to 90/95 person days of unskilled labour from MGNREGS. The assistance for
construction of toilet shall be leveraged through convergence with SBM-G, MGNREGS or any other
dedicated source of funding. Convergence for piped drinking water, electricity connection, LPG gas
connection etc, under different Government programmes is also to be attempted.

The cost of unit assistance is to be shared between Central and State Government in the ratio 60:40 in
plain area and 90:10 for North Eastern and Himalayan States. From the annual budgetary grant for
PMAY-G, 95% of funds is to be released to States/UTs for the construction of new houses under
PMAY-G. This would also include 4%allocation towards Administrative expenses, 5% of the
budgetary grant is to be retained at the Central Level as reserve fund for Special Projects.

22
 3.2: Objective

Objective of the research can be studied under the following 3 heading:

A- Housing status of PMAY-G Beneficiary

According to the data present in PMAY-G website there are 39 Beneficiary (2016-2022) present in
village bahadurpur so we are going to find the housing status of these beneficiary. That is there house
is now in which stage (completed/ lintel level/ plinth/ house sanctioned/ propose site)

B- Impact of PMAY-G in village bahadurpur

From the housing status we can easily find the impact of PMAY-G and after that we are going to take
interview from the different peoples that the eligible peoples are getting the benefits of the PMAY-G
or their political/ any other issues present.

C- Views and problems of PMAY-G beneficiary

In PMAY-G the amount provide for housing is 120000 which is not enough to build a house. So we
are going to discuss with the clients that how they manage it, they take housing loan if they then from
where MFI/ government bank/ private bank/ SHG or they complete the house from their own saving.

3.3: Challenges

A- PMAY-G
The amount provided in PMAY-G is not enough to complete the house and In PMAY-G scheme
government provide fund in instalment, if a person receives his first instalment and his house
construction is going on but due to cyclone or any cause (in 2020 more than 1200 village affected in
flood, U.P.) his house gets damage then he is not able to get his next instalment and can’t able to
make his house.

B- Clients
The PMAY amount is not enough to complete the house so the client go for the housing loan but In
most of the cases the clients have their own property but might not have registered documents or the
land is register in his father/ grandfather name so in this case the client is not able to get a loan.

C-Organisation
Organization like government banks, MFIs, HFC are provide housing loan but the applicant have to
submit their land document as mortgage for loan. The organization keeps the document as collateral
until the client repays the loan amount.as the Applicant don’t have the land document organization not
able to provide loan.

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 3.4: Methodology

This chapter explain the methods employed during research, it includes both the primary and
secondary data. Secondary data is collected from the government web portal where as the primary
data includes the stakeholders, questionnaire part and interview.

A- Stakeholders

Formal interview conducted with all these stakeholders regarding their view and problem in PMAY-G
all the responses are recorded and analysed.

2021-22

2020-21

2018-19
year

2017-18

2016-17

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
No of PMAY beneficiary
(stakeholders)

Graph 1.2: List of stakeholders

B- Interview

To find out the point of view of the stakeholder a Formal interview conducted through physical
meeting. These interview are conducted to know the problem they face in PMAY-G, what they want
and how government and other organisation can help them to solve these problem.

C- Questionnaire

The questionnaire has both open-ended and close-ended questions. There are separate questionnaires
for stakeholders yearly there are both quantitative and qualitative questions. The questions are being
asked in physical meeting and their response has been recorded.

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 3.5: Demand and Supply Gap

India’s Housing Shortage:

Concentrated in urban and low-income segments:

o India’s urban housing shortage estimated at 73.6 million units

18.78 MN in2012.
needed
o Total projected shortage at 90 MN units
in 2022. Urban
36%
o Urban market for Rs. 3 to 10 lac homes
estimated at Rs. 1,100,000 crores. Rural
64%
o 42 to 100 million Indian live in slums.
o 69% out of 121 crores Indian still live in village.
o Only 19% of rural homes are of pucca
Around 96% of these people belong
construction. to the Low-income group (LIG) and
Economically weaker sections (EWS)

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 3.6: Data Analysis

In the interview with the beneficiary of PMAY-G (31 beneficiary of 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19,
2020-21, 2021-22 financial year) I found much more data about the PMAY-G process, problem they
face and ground level reality. Basic of these finding I make the following explanation part.

1. Total no of respondent:

Series 1
12
10
No of respondent

8
6
4
2
0
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2020-21 2021-22
Financial Year

Table 1.7: Total no of respondent

This graph clearly show that there are total 31 response we receive from which 6 response are
from 2016-17 financial year, 4 from 2017-18 financial year, 2 form 2018-19 financial year,
10 from 2020-21 financial year and 9 response are from 2021-22 financial year.
I take a formal interview with them regarding their family members, monthly income of the
family, employment status, have they face any problem to get the PMAY-G amount that is Rs
120000, how much amount they receive till now, is PMAY-G amount is enough to complete
their house if no how much additional amount is require and from where they take the
additional amount.
After all these I verify their house status that is (completed/ below roof cast/ roof cast/ house
sanctioned)
We are not able to collect the data from 2019-20 financial year beneficiary as the list is not
available in PMAY-G official website.

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2. Total no of family members:

3 member 4 member 6 member 7 member 9 member

4%
7%

21% Graph 1.3: Total no of

family members.

68%

The above graph clearly show that there are 2 small family (1-3 member) 23 medium family
(4-6 member) and 4 large family (7-9 member) present.
The large/joint family is considered as bed rock on which Hindu values and attitudes are built.
In joint family the members are related through blood and spread over several generations
living together under a common space and work under common head.

3. Employment status:

farmer labour other

6%

35%
58%

Most of the people are not well educated so that they work in their own field that’s the graph
show that there are 18 farmers out of the 31 respondent some peoples are also work as labour
in industry and agricultural labour there are 11 labours present in the graph. And the rest 2
people are driver that present in other category.

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4. Monthly income of the family:

Rs 2000-3500 Rs 3500-5000 More than 5000

20%

Graph 1.5: Monthly in-

come of family
57%
23%

As we know
that most of the peoples are belongs to agriculture background that is more no of farmers are
present so the monthly income of the family remain low the graph show that 17 family having
monthly income 2000-3500 after that 8 family having monthly income 3500-5000 and lastly 6
family having monthly income above 5000.
The 6 family having more than 5000 monthly income because two drivers are there and some
people having more agriculture land.

5. Have you face any problem to receive the PMAY-G amount

yes no

45%
55%
Graph 1.6: Problem to receive
PMAY amount

As the beneficiary of 2016-21 financial year (22 in number) receive their PMAY-G amount
so this question is for them.
12 member say that they receive problem to get the PMAY-G amount according to them
Pradhan take a commission of 10,000-20,000 /people that’s the main problem and due to the
election time also they face the problem.
According to the 10 people they are not face any problem in receiving the PMAY-G amount.

28
6. How much amount you receive till now in PMAY-G:
120000 110000 40000

9%

50%
41%

As the beneficiary of 2016-21 financial year (22 in number) receive their PMAY-G amount
so this question is for them.
The total amount of PMAY-G is 120000 so in this graph it clearly show that 11 people
receive the full amount in 3-4 instalment, 9 people receive 110000 in 3 instalment, 2 people
receive their 1st instalment that is 40000.

7. Is PMAY-G amount enough to complete your house:

Yes No

100%

A question i add that; is PMAY-G amount is enough to complete your house (as in PMAY –G
guideline it is mentioned that you have to make your house in 25sq.mt) all the beneficiary
having same answer that it is impossible for them to complete house in this amount, some
extra amount of 40,000-50,000 need to complete the house.

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8. From where you take the extra amount to complete your house:

MFI SHG Money Lenders

Family/ Relaction Own Saving

19%
29%
Graph 1.9: from
16% Where they take
23% the additional
13%
amount

The PMAY-G amount is not enough to complete the house then I have the question that from
where they take the additional amount I am surprise to found that most of the people that is
81% have plan/take money from SHG, money lenders, family/ relation or from their own
saving to complete their house and only 19% take money from MFI. The MFI having interest
rate 11.75%-16.50% for the salaried person, 12.75%-17% for self Employed and 15%-17%
for loan against property (source: SAMPARK fin service limited)
This thing occur because most of the government and private bank don’t have the housing
scheme/ housing loan and the lower income family can’t afford the home loan product
provided by the bank due to the high loan amount and interest rate. Then the MFI, HFC are
require the land document for the housing loan due to this problem they are not able to go to
any bank/MFI/HFC.

9. How much loan amount you currently have:

0 Below 10,000 10,000-15,000

15,000-20,000 Above 20,000 No Answer
29%
42
%
6%
3% 6%
13%

The graph show that only few people having loan, this result show because the beneficiary of
2016-19 have complete their house and pay their loan and only 9 people from the 2020-21
beneficiary having the loan amount from which 4 people having loan below 10000, 3 people
having loan 10000-20000 and 2 people having loan above 20000.

30
10. Do you have land document?

Yes No No Answer
10%

39% Graph 2.1: Land

52%

I conduct this survey for the beneficiary of 2020-22 that is total 19 beneficiary because now at
this time they need the housing loan to complete their house for the housing loan from any
MFI/HFC they need land document and it clearly show that only 3 people having the land
document and rest 16 don’t have so they are not eligible to get housing loan from any
MFI/HFC.

11. Status of the house

completed roof cast below roof cast

35%

55%

10%

As the beneficiary of 2016-21 financial year (22 in number) receive their PMAY-G amount so
this question is for them.
It show that 11 no houses are completed now that is they receive the full amount or 90% of
the amount, 02 house is in roof cast, 7 in below roof cast and 11 house get sanctioned (9
beneficiary from 2021-22 and rest 2 from previous session)

As previously it shown that most of the cases the house is not complete. So some people are
live in the incomplete house with adjustment and some are in KUTCHA house.
Those 9 people who receive PMAY-G in 2020-22 I visit their houses all are having KUTCHA
house consist of 1-2 room, their living standard is also not good.

31
 3.7: Finding

From all the above data it is find that only 50% of the beneficiary receive their full amount
that is 120000 and 55% of the beneficiary face problem like pradhan commission to receive
the PMAY-G amount.
All the beneficiary say that the amount sanctioned in PMAY-G is not enough to compete a
house of 25 sq.mt, additional amount of 40000-50000 require to complete the house. But they
are unable to take a housing loan because most of the government and private bank don’t
have the housing scheme/ housing loan and the lower income family can’t afford the home
loan product provided by the bank due to the high loan amount and interest rate. Then the
MFI, HFC are require the land document for the housing loan (51% beneficiary don’t have
land document) due to this problem they are not able to go to any bank/MFI/HFC. Most of the
people that is 81% take loan from Money lenders, SHG, Family / Relation. And till now only
31% PMAY-G houses are get completed in village BAHADURPUR.

3.8: Reference

 PMAY-G http://rdd.bih.nic.in/PMAY_detail.htm
 Sa-Dhan Self Regulatory Organisation for Microfinance sector http://www.sa-dhan.net/
 Cashpor Microfinance http://www.cashpor.in/pages/AboutUS.aspx
 Government of U.P. https://up.gov.in/
 Ninth five year Plan (1997-2002), Vol. II, Planning Commission, Government of India, New
Delhi, p.5.
 G. Sudharshnam and M. Ajantha Kumar, “ Rural Housing for Weaker Sections- A Study of
Indira AwasYojna (IAY)”, Indian Journal of public Administration, Vol. Liv, No.1 2005
 K.Venkataiah and R.Nageswara Ra, Kurukshetra, July, 1984
 K. D. Gaur, “Housing for the Rural poor”, Kurukshetra, May-June, 1996, p.90
 Working Group on Rural Housing for the 12th Five Year Plan, Ministry of Rural Development,
KrishiBhawan, New Delhi, 2011
 AbhiroopMukhopadhyay and Indira Rajaraman, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol XLVII,
No.12, 2012
 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, Anand. P (2017), Housing
for Poor and the impact of IAY in rural India: Present context

32
 3.9: ANNEXURE

1. Name, Gender and age of the Respondent

2. No of family members
3. Employment status
4. Monthly income of the family
5. In which year you receive PMAY-G subsidy
6. How much amount you receive till now in PMAY-G 1st 2nd 3rd instalment
7. Have you face any problem to receive the PMAY amount
8. Is PMAY-G amount is enough to complete your house
 Yes
 No
9. From where you take the additional amount
 Own saving
 MFI
 HFC
 SHG
 NGO
 Government bank
 Private bank
 Family/ Relatives
 Money Lenders
10. How much loan amount currently you have
11. House status
 Stage 1
 Stage 2
 Stage 3
12. Contact details

Questionnaire PMAY-G beneficiary 2016-2020

33
1. Name, Gender and Age of the respondent
2. Number of family members
3. Employment status
4. Monthly income of family
5. In which year you receive PMAY-G subsidy
6. How much amount you receive till now in PMAY-G
7. Have you face any problem to receive the instalment in PMAY-G
8. Is PMAY-G amount enough to complete your house
 Yes
 No
9. From where you plan to take the additional amount
 MFI
 SHG
 NGO
 HFC
 Government bank
 Private bank
 Family/ Relation
 Money lenders
10. Do you have land document (Legal heir/ LRC/ PATTA)
11. How much loan amount currently you have
12. Status of the house
 Stage 1
 Stage 2
 Stage 3
13. Contact details

Questionnaire PMAY-G beneficiary 2016-2020

34
PMAY-G house photo of village Bahadurpur

35