ICSI unlike IVF in vitro fertilisation in a petri dish an egg and a male gamete and they

fertilise on their own without human intervention. ICSI means male gamete is injected into
the egg to increase the chances of success by human intervention. Intra cytoplasmic sperm
injection. Fertilised egg is placed in the womb of the child in gestational surrogacy. Birth
control came into existence during this era

GMO babies – modifying the genetics of an offspring to ensure that certain things are deleted
from the genome like diabetes, asthma etc.

Newspaper Ltd vs State Industrial Tribunal AIR 1957 SC

SC held that an individual dispute cannot per se be trade dispute unless the cause is sponsored
by a trade union or by a substantial no of workmen.

Associated cement company vs their workmen AIR1960 SC

The Indian paper pulp company ltd vs the Indian paper pulp worker’s union. AIR 1949
The Western Indian automobile association vs the Western tribunal Air 1949

The federal court observed the reinstatement is connect=ted with non-employment and
therefore within the definition of trade dispute. An acclaim for compensation for dismissal
and again is a matter of non-employment.

Workmen talks about all persons employed on trade or industry. It is immaterial whether a
person is employed in trade or industry whether trade dispute is there or not.

Any combination whether temporary or permanent

The combinations have been formed

By imposing restrictive conditions on the act and conduct on the trade or relations.

But this act shall not effect

Food Corporation of India staff union vs food corporation of India and ors 1995 SC

It was held that where more than one union claim representative character the method of
secret ballot should be adopted to ascertain the correct positions as regards the membership of
different trade unions.

National organisation of bank workers federation of trade union vs union if India and ors
1993 Bombay hc

Where of federation of trade union is not registered it is not a trade union under this act. It is
not a juristic person and is not competent to raise a demand on behalf of employees and
hence it cannot file a writ petition also.
Sithaldas parade was an individual of Bombay. He had many sources of income, chief among
them being property, stocks, bank deposits and a share in a partnership firm. His wife Devi
Ben and his children had separated from him and Devi ben had filed a suit in the Bombay
HC for maintenance allowance, separate residence, and marriage allowance for his
daughter. A decree by consent was passed on 11th march 1953 and maintenance allowance of
Rs 1500 per month was decreed against Sheetal Das.In term of this decree Shital das paid
Devi ben a sum of Rs 1350 for the month of march 1953 and a sum of Rs 18000 for the
financial year 1953-54,
From the income for assessment year 1954-55 No charge was made on sithal das’s property
for the payment of this sum. Sital das claimed the deduction of these sums relying on the
decision of raja Bijoy Singh didhuria case. the assessing officer and the appellate assistant
commissioner disallowed this claim. Sithaldas went on appeal before the tribunal ITAT.
Wherein the tribunal observed that “this is a case, pure and simple where an assessee is
compelled to apply a portion of his income for the maintenance of a persons. Whom he is
under a personal and legal obligation to maintain. IT Act does not permit any deduction from
the total income in such circumstances, “ The Asessee went into appeal before the Bombay
hc wherein the Bombay reversed the order of the tribunal relying on two cases Seth Motilal
manikchand vs commissioner of IT 1957 and Prince khanderao Gaekwad vs Commissioner
of IT 1948. Finally the commissioner of IT went in appeal before the SC wherein the three
judge bench of SC explained the difference between diversion of income and application of
income by overhearing title by explaining two situation and held that the present case fits into
the situation no 1 wherein the husband is fulfilling his obligation to pay his wife a
maintenance amount every month out of his own income. Hence the husband cannot claim
any deduction of that amount. Justice JL Kapoor and Hidayatullah and Justice JC shah.

REGISTRATION (LABOUR LAW)

Under Section 3 appointment of registrar. Registrar is the one who registers trade unions.
Appropriate Govt is important. If the union operates in more than two states than the central
govt is AG otherwise State Govt is AG. Deputy and Addl are added if required.

The appropriate govt shall by an order specify and define the local limits within which any
Additional or deputy registrar shall exercise and discharge his powers and function of govt.
Additional or deputy registrar shall exercise and discharge such powers and functions of the
registrar as may be specified by an order issued by the appropriate govt.

MINIMUM MEMBERS SHOULD BE 7 AND 10% OF THE PEOPLE FROM THE TRADE

Section 9A

A registered trade union of workmen shall at all the times continue to have not less than 10%
or 100 of the workmen whichever is less subject to a minimum of 7 engaged or employed in
an establishment or industry with which it is connected as its members.

MT Chandrasenan vs Sukumaran AIR 1974 SC

It was held that subscription are not paid in accordance with the by laws of the trade union.
Person who have failed to pay cannot be considered as a member of the trade union but
subscription should not be refused under some pretext which results in denial of membership.

BOKAJAN cement corporation employees union vs Cement Corporation of India Ltd 2004
SC
That an employee would not automatically seize to be a member of the trade union on
termination of his employment because there was no such provision either in trade union act
or in the constitution of India

TATA worker’s union vs State of Jharkhand

There were two rival groups of union , the registrar of trade unions by an order took a
decision to supervise the election of office bearers to the petitioner union. This order was
challenged and the High Court held that the registrar could not intervene in the matter of
holding election of the office bearers of a registered trade union.

Section 9

It was held in IFFCO PHULPUR karmachari sangh vs Registrar of Trade union and ors,
once the trade union is registered by the registrar under section 8 , Cetrificate of registration
continues to hold good until it is cancelled. The action of the registarar of trade union
registering the change of names of the office bearers of the union does not amount to
registration of a trade union.

ONGC Workmen association vs State of west Bengal and ors 1988

It was held that the registrar of trade union has no quasi judicial authority to hold any enquiry
by allowing parties to examine witnesses and to decide the dispute as to who are the real
office bearers. When two rival groups claimed to be the office bears of the union, the scope
of enquiry is limited and an order passed by the registrar in this regard is administrative in
nature.

Section 10

A resident of India named shravan is employed in a pharmaceutical company is employed on

60k per month salary. His appointment date is 2nd may 2020. Sravan is having a residential
property at vasant kunj of which 2nd floor is given on rent of 25k every month. The property
was given on rent dated 1st July 2020. Shravan was having a car which he sold in the market
after adjusting it’s depreciation value and received the long term capital gain of Rs.500000/-
on 31st August 2020. Determine the taxable income of Shravan for the assessment year 2021-
2022 while considering the following income tax rules –
1. Any person may earn income from more than one head in a financial year.
2. Shravan is also having an insurance policy for which he was paying premium on annual
basis every since 2018. Premium Amount – 15k.
Registrat of trade union vs govt press union
Tiruamla Tirupati vs commisoner of labour 1995

Chairman of all orrissa state bankers association vs trade union 2002.

Standard chartered bank vs chartered bank employees union

VR singh vs union of india 1999 SC

DK rangrajan vs govt of Tamilanadu 2003 Sc

Indian Oxygen Ltd vs Workemen Air 1969 sc

RS toolkar vs Emperor

Common Cause vs Union Of India

Bangslore Municipal Council Vs A Rajappa 1978 Sc

READ TRIPLE TEST

(Ntional union of commercial employees and anr vs MR Meher industrial tribunal Bombay
and ors 1962 SC)

Bangalore Water-Supply & ... vs R. Rajappa & Others on 21 February,

1978

University of Delhi and anr vs Ramnath and ors AIR 1963 SC

Coir Board Ernakulam vs Indiradevi PSI 1998 SC

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