STM 004 Additional Content Notes

• Gauss' Law depends on the enclosed charged only if there is a positive net flux, there is a net positive
charge enclosed.
• If the surface is edge-on to electric field, the electric flux will be equal to the product of the electric field,
area and cos 90.
• A uniform electric field E = 500 N/C is directed vertically upward. If it passes through a
rectangular surface of area 0.02 m², what is the electric flux through the surface? 10 Nm²/C
• A closed surface encloses a total charge of -4 μC. What is the electric flux through the surface?
-4 × 10^5 Nm²/C
• There will be a maximum electric flux passing through a surface area when the surface is
perpendicular to the direction of the electric field.
• According to Gauss's Law, the electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total charge
enclosed divided by the permittivity of free space
• If a closed surface encloses a net charge, the electric flux through that surface is always positive.
• If a point charge is placed at the center of the shell, the electric field inside the shell is zero.
• An electric dipole is enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface. The total electric flux through the
surface is zero.
• Three charges (+3 μC, -5 μC, and +2 μC) are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The net
electric flux through the triangle is zero.
• An electric field of 300 N/C makes an angle of 60 degrees with the normal to a surface. If the
surface area is 0.1 m². 15 Nm²/C is the electric flux through the surface.
• Capacitors be used to filter or smooth electrical signals by allowing certain frequencies to pass while
blocking others, or by storing and releasing electrical energy to maintain a steady output.
• When a voltage is applied across the plates of a capacitor, electrons are repelled from both plates.
• There is a direction for current. According to convention, the way in which the current going is when (+)
electrons move.
• Additional formulas:
1. Charge= current / time
(Units used: Charge:Coulombs; Current:Amphere(A); Time:Seconds)

2. Current = Voltage / Resistance

(Units used: Current:Amps; Voltage:Volts; Resistance:Ohms)