LP Ca Mammae

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# KERLQEC RMCNEH]K]EC JE IEIIEM

NF Q]ECG @MIL^MQERF MNMKWFZ
Facebook QZ]N ]KFC Twitter
AECDEQIEZFC
$
%
]ctu` Imcymkmsef`ec ^uges @mpmrewetec Imnf`ek Amneh
Rrlgrei Ztunf Rrlomsf Cmrs

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Nfsusuc Lkmh4
Qlhecnf Vusuo
5556>?61552512

RQLGQEI Z^]NF RQLOMZF CMQZ

OE@]K^EZ @MZMHE^EC
]CF_MQZF^EZ ZEQF I]KFE
AECDEQIEZFC
1215

KMIAEQ RMQZM^]D]EC

D]N]K @EZ]Z 4 Je Ieiiem

CEIE IEHEZFZWE 4 Qlhecnf Vusuo
CFI 4 5556>?61552512

Aecderiesfc, Clvmiamr 1215

Imcymtuduf,

QZ]N ]kfc Rrlgrei Ztunf Rrlomsf Cmrs

Aecderiesfc Oe`uktes @msmhetec
Rrmsmptlr @kfcf` (R@) ]cfvmrsftes Zerf Iukfe
Rrmsmptlr E`enmif` (RE)

5. @lcsmp Ecetlif nec Ofsflklgf Zfstmi

e. Ecetlif Zfstmi

a. Ofsflklgfs Zfstmi
Derfcgec peyunere nf amctu` lkmh gkenuke yecg sfoetcye yeftu
imiprlnu`sf smaueh efr susu eteu nfsmaut duge nmcgec (klaukus) yeftu yecg
afesecye nfekfr`ec `m ereh puttfcg eteu nfsmaut (cfppkm) yeftu imkekuf nu`tus.
Ztru`tur kefccye yeftu enekeh smaueh derfcgec kmie` yecg duge imrupe`ec
smaueh `liplcmc yecg tmramser, nec jlccmjtfvm tfssum, nmcgec pmiaukuh
nereh nec duge sekurec yecg amsmrte `mkmcder kfioetf`. Ie`e Zmtfep nerf
peyunere ftu e`ec imcgecnucg `fre-`fre 5=-12 klaus yecg nepet tmrsusuc
sfr`ukmr. Rene Derfcgec kmie` (suajutecmlus enfplsm tfssum) yeftu yecg
imiaucg`us setu klaus nepet imiamrf`ec smaueh amctu` nec u`urec nerf
peyunere. Rene ^fep klaus ftu duge tmrnfrf nerf amamrepe klaukms yecg duge
imrupe`ec tmipet uctu` prlnu`sf efr susu yecg amroucgsf smaegef rmsplc
nerf suetu sfgcek nec hlrilcek. ^mrnepet : iejei dmcfs hlrilc yecg afse
imipmcgeruhf nerf peyunere yeftu ye`cf mstrlgmc, prlgmstmrlcm, nec
prlkejtfc., yecg imcymaea`ec derfcgec grecnuke peyunere nec nf utmrus
tmrus imcgekeif aecye` pmruaehec smkeie nekei imcdekecf sf`kus
imcstruesf. nec Ermlke enekeh hfpmrpfgimctesf nf sm`fter cfppkm.

Derfcgec pene peyunere duge nepet nfnu`ucg lkmh smaueh kfgeimctui

suspmcslrfi jllpmr. Nec smaueh Kfgeimct fcf e`ec tmrus amrdekec
smpecdecg dekur permcg`fi nec duge nerf oesfe aegfec nekei eteu (nmmp
oesfe) nec e`ec imkm`et `m aegfec nmrifs. Df`e kfgeimctui fcfimimcnm`
lkmh `ermce fcofktresf smk `ec`mr, e`ec imcerf` nmrifs yecg imiamrf`ec
geiaerec s`fc neipkfcg. ^fne` ene ltlt nekei peyunere, tepf ltlt tmrkmte`
nfaeweh peyunere nec imcutup fge.
Ekfrec nereh `m ereh `ukft peyunere ftu tmrgectucg duge pene pkm`sus
suanmriek,duge amsmrte yecg tmrhuaucg nmcgec pmiaukuh nereh yecg
secget nekei eteu afse duge nfsmaut nmcgec (nmmpmr vmssmk) ofcgsfcye yecg
e`ec imcsupkef ekfrec nereh `m permcg`fi peyunere. Zupkef nereh amresek
nerf4
pmrolretlr nerf ertmrf ieierfe fctmrce.
5) Ertmrf tlre`ekfs ketmrekfs.
1) Ertmrf tlre`lnlrsekfs.
:) Rmrolretlr ertmrf fctmr`lstekfs.
>) Ertmrf tlre`le`rlifekfs.
Fccmrvesf smcslrf amresek nerf jeaecg ectmrlketmrek nec ectmrlimnfek
cmrvus fctmr`lstekfs ^:-^=. Cmrvus supre`kevf`uke eteu yeftu yecg amresek
duge nerf pkm`sus smrvf`ekfs nec e`ec duge imcsereof aegfec pekfcg etes nec
pene aegfec ketmrek peyunere. Rere pmcmkftf imye`fcf smcsesf nemreh cfppkm
amresek nerf jeaecg jutecmlus ketmrek ^>.
Rmiaukuh nereh nerf kfioetf` nec nerf `mkmcder gmteh amcfcg (`ga) nerf
gkecnuke peyunere nekeh secget pmctfcg. Rmiaukuh kfioetf` fcf e`ec amrdekec-
dekec nf tmpf aegfec ketmrek nf ius`ukus pm`tlrekfs ieylr nec e`ec amrsetu
nmcgec `ga pmjtlrek, yecg e`ec smkeku imcgfrfcgf pmiaukuh nereh tlre`ekfs
ketmrekfs. @mkmcder gmteh amcfcg imcymaer `m ius`ukus smretus ectmrflr nerf
sfcf ekfrec kfioetf` `miunfec `m `ga e`sfke (imsmctmrf`e supmrflr nec
fctmrpm`tlrek). Dekur kfioetf` nrefcegm kefccye enekeh imkeku pm`tlrekfs ieylr
nm`et gerfs perestmrcek nec imkekuf fctmrjlstek spejm imcudu `ga perestmrcek
yecg tmrkmte` smpecdecg pmiaukuh nereh ieiierfe fctmrce
1. @lcsmp Rmcye`ft Je Ieiiem
e. Nmofcfsf
Je ieiiem eteu jerjfclie ieiiem yeftu smaueh `mgecesec yecg
suneh amresek nerf smaueh smk `mkmcder ,sekurec `mkmcder nec pene derfcgec
nmcgec pmcucdecg peyunere. Je ieiiem enekeh smdmcfs tuilr geces yecg

suneh tuiauh nf nekei derfcgec smk nf peyunere. @ec`mr fcf afse iukef
tuiauh yeftu nf nekei `mkmcder peyunere smsmlrecg, sekurec peyunere, nf
derfcgec kmime` ieupuc ene nf derfcgec f`et pene smaueh peyunere (Curetfo
& @usuie, 125=).
Je ieiem enekeh yeftu sm`mklipl` smk yecg tfne` clriek pene smaueh
peyunere e`ec nec tmrus imcmrus tuiauh e`ec amrupe gecne. Imtestesm
afse duge tmrdenf pene smaueh `mkmcder gmteh amcfcg eteu (kfiom) nf `mtfe`
eteupuc afse duge nfetes tukecg amkf`et. Nec Zmkefc ftu `ec`mr duge e`ec afse
amrserecg nf nekei tukecg, nf peru-peru, nf hetf nec `ukft.
Je ieiiem enekeh yeftu nfiece sm`mklipl` smk yecg tfne` clriek pene
peyunere smsmlrecg yecg tmrus tuiauh nec e`ec amrkfpet gecne. nec Rene
e`hfrcye smiue smk-smk fcf tmrus e`ec imcdenf amctu` smaueh amcdlkec nf
peyunere. nec Df`e smaueh amcdlkec `ec`mr ftu tfne` afse nf auecg eteu tfne`
tmr`lctrlk,smk-smk `ec`mr afse imcymaer (amrimstestesm) pene smaueh
aegfec- aegfec tuauh yecg kefc nec cectfcye duge e`ec nepet imcge`faet`ec
`mietfec. Imtesesm afse duge tmrdenf yeftu pene smaueh `mkmcder gmteh
amcfcg pene `mtfe` eteu puc afse duge yeftu nfetes tukecg amkf`et. Zmkefc ftu
pene smk- smk `ec`mr duge afse amrserecg nf nekei tukecg, afse duge nf peru-
peru, nf hetf `ukft nec nf aeweh `ukft nec `ec`mr peyunere imrupe`ec smaueh
pmcye`ft yecg afse duge nfsmaea`ec `erce tmrdenfye pmiamkehec smaueh smk-
smk nf nekei tuauh smsmlrecg smjere tfne` tmretur nec smhfcgge pene
pmrtuiauhec smk duge tfne` nepet nf`mcnekf`ec nec nfe e`ec tuiauh imcdenf
smaueh amcdlkec eteu tuilr (`ec`mr) nerf smk tmrsmaut (^esrfpfyeh, 1251).
a. Mtflklgf
Imcurut ^esrfpfyeh (1251) pmcymaea Je Ieiiem yeftu 4
5) Gmcmtf`
e) Enecye `mjmcnmrucgec pene suetu `mkuerge tmrtmctu yecg kmafh
aecye` imcgekeif gecgguec `ec`mr peyunere nerfpene ecgglte
`mkuerge smhet yecg kefc.
a) Rene `miaer suetu nerf ilclzygltm, nec duge tmrnepet `ec`mr
pmcye`ft yecg seie.
j) ^ernepet `mseieec nec duge ketmrekfsesf pene `ec`mr aueh nene
nec duge pene `mkuerge tmrnm`et nerf lrecg yecg imcnmrfte `ec`mr
peyunere ftu

n) Zmsmlrecg nmcgec `kfcfomktmr e`ec imcepet `miucg`fcec kmafh nerf

?? `ekf nerf pene smlrecg prfe clriek eteu nerf duikeh ecg`e
tmrdenfcye 1%
1) Hlrilc
e) @ec`mr peyunere yecg uiuicye smrfcg tmrdenf pene wecfte,
nec `mdenfec pene ke`f-ke`f e`ec `miucg`fceccye secgetkmcfh `mjfk.
a) Fcsfnmc fcf e`ec deuh kmafh tfcggf tmrdenf pene wecfte yecg usfecye
nfetes := tehuc.
j) Zeet fcf pmcglaetec nmcgec imcgguce`ec tmrepf hlrilc yecg
hesfkcye secget imiues`ec.
:) Ie`ecec
Veftu yecg tmruteie ie`ecec yecg aecye` imcgecnucg kmie`.
>) Qenfesf
^mrepf fcf suneh ju`up keie nf`mtehuf lkmh lrecg, tspf renfesf duge e`ec
nepet imcymaea`ec `mdenfec iutegmc.
Oe`tlr rmsf`l `ec`mr peyunere yeftu 4
5) ]sfe smsmlrecg yecg nfetes uiur >2 tehuc.
1) Imipucyef rfweyet `ec`mr pene peyunere lkmh fcnfvfnu eteu
`mkuergecye.
:) Imcgekeif Imcstruesf pene seet usfe yecg iune/usfe nfcf.
>) Imclpeusm pene smsmlrecg usfe kecdut.
=) Zmsmlrecg yecg ^fne` imipucyef ece` nec afse duge imipucyef ece`
yecg pmrteie pene usfe yecg suneh kecdut.
?) Nekei Rmcgguceec aehec mstmrlgmc m`smrlgmc nmcgec decg`m
pecdecg.
7) Zmsmlrecg yecg imilucyef Qfweyet pmcye`ft ofarl`fstf`.
8) Imcgekeif @ec`mr mcnlimtrfek, nec `ec`mr lverfui eteu afse dugs
`ec`mr `lklc.
j. Retlofsflklgf
Zmk-smk nrf `ec`mr ftu nfamctu` nerf smaueh smk-smk yecg clriek nf nekei
suetu prlsms yecg secget ruift yecg afse nfsmaut duge nmcgec trecsolriesf,
yecg duge tmrnepet nerf smtfep fcsfesf nec prlilsf 4
5) Oesm Fcsfesf
Rene tehep pmrteie yeftu fcsfesf e`ec tmrdenf smaueh pmruaehec nf
nekei aehec yecg gmcmtfj smk yecg smrfcg imiecjfcg smk ftu imcdenf
secget geces. Rmruaehec yecg ene nf nekei aehec yecg gmcmtfj smk

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fcf smrfcg nfsmaea`ec lkmh sekeh setu egmc yecg afsenfsmaut `ersfclgmc,
yecg duge afse amrupe aehec yecg amr `fife vfrus, eteu afse duge
renfesf/ (pmcyfcerec) nerf sfcer ieteherf. ^mtepf tfne` duge smiue smk
yecg imifkf`f `mpm`eec yecg seie smiuecye tmrhenep suetu
`ersfclgmc. Ie`e @mkefcec gmcmtfj nf nekei smk eteu aehec `fife
kefccye nfsmaut nmcgec prliltlr, e`ec imcymaea`ec smk yecg kmafh
rmctec tmrhenep sekeh suetu `ersfclgmc.nec duge Aeh`ec gecgguec ofsf`
yecg suneh imcehucpuc duge afse imiauet smk imcdenf e`ec kmafh
pm`esm`ekf uctu` imcgekeif gecgguec suetu `mgecesec
1) Oesm Rrlilsf
Rene tehep `mnue fcf yeftu prlilsf, sekeh setu smk yecg suneh
imcgekeifoesm fcsfesf e`ec afse amruaeh ucut` imcdenf geces. Zmk fcf
yecg amkui ieipu imkmwetf tehep pmrteie fcsfesf ie`e tfne` e`ec
afse tmrpmcgeruh pkmh prlilsf. @erce ftu nfpmrku`ec amamrepe oejtlr
uctu` tmrdnefcye `mgecesec eteu (geaucgec nerf smiue smk yecg suneh
pm`e nec pene suetu `ersfclgmc) (wfdeye, 125:)

n. Rethwey

Wfdeye, 125:

m. Iecfomstesf @kfcfs.
Oesm ewek `ec`mr smsmlrecg peyunere esfiptlietf`e eteu nfsmaut duge
(tecpe smnf`ftpuc ene tecne nec gmdekecye). ^ecne ewek yecg pekfcg secget
aecye` tmrdenf yeftu enekeh enecye smaueh amcdlkec eteu enecye pmcmaekec
pene `ukft peyunere. Nec @maecye`ec 62% nftmiu`ec nerf smlrecg wecfte
ftu smcnfrf, nec e`ec tmtepf nftmiu`ec smjere `mamtukec sede, eteu tfne`
nmcgec imcgguce`ec eteu tfne` imke`u`ec pmimrf`seec pene peyunere
smcnfrf eteu nfsmaut (senerf) (^esrfpfyeh, 1251).
^ecne nec gmdeke yecg kecdut nerf pmcye`ft `ec`mr peyunere yeftu imkfputf
`ukft yecg sm`ucg eteu nfsmaut duge (kmsucg), amramctu` rmtre`sf eteu afse
duge nmvfesf putfcg susu, cymrf neet nftm`ec eteu nf reaes `hususcye e`ec
amrnereh nerf putfcg. @ukft Rmeu n‖lrecgm, `ukft tmaek nmcgec plrf-plrf yecg
smrfcg imclcdlk nec amramctu` seie nmcgec `ukft dmru`, nec duge eteu
uksmresf pene `ukft nf peyunere `mnuecye nec duge imrupe`ec tecne yecg
suneh kecdut nerf pmcye`ft (^esrfpfyeh, 1251).
Imcurut (^esrfpfyeh, 1251) tecne nec gmdeke Je ieiiem ectere kefc
yeftu smaegef amrf`ut fcf 4
5) Enecye amcdlkec yecg tmrese secget `mres nf aegfec peyunere
1) Amctu` putfcg amruaeh (afse iesu` `mnekei eteu smrfcg tmrese secget
se`ft tmrus imcmrus), imcgmkuer`ec jefrec/ nereh
:) Ene aecye` pmruaehec pene pmriu`eec `ukft peyunere
yeftu nfecterecye tmrkfhet amr`mrut, smpmrtf frftesf, nec duge smpmrtf
`ukft dmru`
>) Enecye amcdlkec-amcdlkec `mjfk
=) Reyunere tmrese peces,imimreh nec amcg`e`
?) Enecye ku`e nf aegfec peyunere yecg sukft uctu` nfsmiauh`ec
7) ^mrese se`ft/ cymrf (afse duge fcf au`ec pmcymaea se`ft `ermce
imcgekeif `ec`mr, tepf duge tmtep herus nf wespene)
8) ^mrese e`ec secget getek pene aegfec nfnemreh sm`fter smputerec
puttfcg
6) Amcdlkec yecg secget `mres ftu tfne` e`ec afse amrgmre` eteu (tmrof`sesf)
nec hecye sede afesecye pene ewek-ewekcye imcgekeifftu tfne` ene
tmrese rese se`ft. Epeafke smaueh amcdlkec ftu `ec`mr, ie`e ewekcye
afesecye hecye sede tmrnepet pene 5 peyunere.

o. Rmimrf`seec Rmcucdecg
Rmimrf`seec pmcucdecg imcurut Wfdeye (125:) smaegef amrf`ut 4
5) Clc fcvesfvm
e) ZENEQF (Rmimrf`seec Reyunere nmcgec Zmcnfrf)
Df`e nekei ZENEQF nfke`u`ec nmcgec jere yecg rutfc, ie`e
smlrecg wecfte pestf e`ec nepet imcmiu`ec smaueh
amcdlkec pene stenfui yecg iesfh nfcf. Zeaef`cye ZENEQF
fcf nfke`u`ec yeftu pene we`tu yecg smkeku seie nekei smtfep
aukec. Aegf wecfte df`e yecg iesfh nekei imcgekeif prlsms
imcstruesf, fcfkeh we`tu yecg pekfcg secget tmpet uctu` `fte
nekei imke`u`ec pmimrf`seec ZENEQF enekeh yeftu
7seipef52 hetf smsueneh herf 5 smtmkeh `fte imcstruesf. Nec
Aegf wecfte yecg pesje imclpeusm, ie`e pmimrf`seec
ZENEQF e`ec afse nfke`u`ec nekei we`tu `epec sede nmcgec
smjere rutfc imke`u`eccye nekei smtfep aukec.
jlctlh(ifsekcye nekei smtfep nfewek aukec)
a) Ieiilgreof
Rmimrf`seec Ieiilgreof yeftu enekec pmimrf`seec nmcgec
imcgguce`ec imtlnm renflklgfs yecg imcgguce`ec sfcer X
yecg e`ec nfrenfesf`ec pene sekeh setu peyunere. @mkmafhec
nerf imimrf`se ieiilgreof enekeh yeftu nekei `mieipuec
uctu` imcnmtm`sf smduiekeh tuilr yecg amkui afse uctu`
tmreae nekei (renfus 2,= jmctfimtmr) sm`ekfpuc `mc`mr fcf
iesfh nekei stenfui yecg nfcf. We`tu yecg secget tmpet
tmpet uctu` `fte imke`u`ec tms ieiilgreof pene wecfte yecg
usfecye iesfh prlnu`tfo enekeh yeftu herf `m 5seipef5> nerf
sf`kus nekei hefn. df`e Rene pmrmipuec yecg usfe clc
prlnu`tfo secget nfecdur`ec uctu` imimrf`se`ec `epec sede.
@mtmpetec nekei pmimrf`seec fcf `enecg amramne-amne
amr`fser ectere 8:%- 6=%.
j) ]ktreslucn

]ktreslucn fcf tmkeh aecye` nfguce`ec yeftu smde` ewek tehuc

=2-ec. Nec Eket tmrsmaut duge secget amrguce nec secget
e`uret nekei imke`u`ec mvekuesf nei nmcsftes nekei
peyunere nec secget e`uret nf nekei imiamne`ec iece
yecg `fste nmcgec iece iesse penet. ^epf df`e uctu` iesse
 yecg deuh kmafh `mjfk yeftu ectere =-seipef52 ii tfne`
nepetnf vesuekfsesf nec df`e iesse pene derfcgec yecg kmie`
nf peyunere ftu e`ec sukft uctu` nfmvekuesf. @muctucgeccye
enekeh yeftu tfne` ene tmrnepet renfesf nec duge tfne` ene
tmrese cymrf.
n) Jliputmn ^lilgreof nec nmcgecIegcmtfj Qmslcecjm
Fiegfcg Zjecs
Veftu nmcgec Rmcgguceec J^ nec imcgguce`ec IQF uctu`
imke`u`ec sjeccfcg nec imcgmvekuesf `mkefcec yecg ene nf
peyunere nec sm`erecg sueh iukef smrfcg nfsmkfnf`f. ^m`cf` fcf
nekei imcgeiafk pmrec yecg nekei uctu` imcgmvekuesf exfk,
imnfestfcui nec nf nekei erme suprekfvf`uke uctu` imreae
enmclpetf nec uctu` imiaectu nfnekei imke`u`ec stgfcg
pene seet imke`u`ec prlsms `mgeceec.
1) Fcvesfvm
e) Imtlnm Zftlklgfs Espfresf
Zftlklgf espfresf yeftu nfke`u`ec nmcgec imcgguce`ec smaueh
yecg derui hekus (nmcgec u`urec 12 ete yecg secget kmafh
`mjfk) nmcgec imcgguce`ec spuft uctu` imke`u`ec espfresf
smk pene suetu erme yecg secget nfjurfgef, keku nfsimer nfetes
skfnm nec nfof`senf nmcgec nf wercef uctu` imcgmvekesf
sftlklgy. Df`e nekei spmjfimc nfeiafk nmcgec smjere tmpet,
ie`e prlsmnur fcf e`ec secget e`uret nerf yecg . Ceiuc
pmimrf`seec fcf duge tfne` nepet uctu` imke`u`ec
pmimrf`seec geiaerec hfstlpetlklgf nf nekei derfcgec smaea
nekei pmimrf`seec fcf tfne` e`ec ieipu uctu` imcgeiafk
stru`tur pene derfcgec nf sm`fter (Wfkkfei, 1251).
a) Jlrm Cmmnkm Aflpsy (JCA)

Aflpsy derui yeftu nmcgec jere imcgguce`ec smaueh derui

alr yecg ju`up amse necg secgetr smrfcg nfke`u`ec. `ermce
Hek fcf kmafh secget fcvesfvm nec e`uret nfaecnfcg`ec nmcgec
espfrms nmcgec derui. @erce JCA fcf kmafh e`uret nec duge
afse `fte guce`ec uctu` nekei imcmctu`ec rmsmptlr mstrlgmc
nec hlrilc prlgmstmrlcm smrte duge afse nfke`u`ec uctu`
imke`u`ec pmimrf`seec geiaerec nerf hfstlpetlklgf
j) Aflpsy
Fcf duge afse nfke`u`ec nmcgec jere yecg stmrmlte`tf` eteu
afse duge nmcgec jere aectuec uktreslucn.
g. Rmceteke`seceec
5) Rmceteke`seceec Imnfs
^mrepf yecg nepet nfamrf`ec `mpene pmcnmrfte `ec`mr peyunere
smjere imnfs nfecterecye (tesrfpfyeh,1251) 4
e) Rmiamnehec
Rene smaegfec amser pesfmc, tmrepf amneh amrtuduec uctu`
imcgecg`et tuilr, (imifcfiek`ec rmsf`l rm`urmcsf kl`ek) nec
uctu` imcmctu`ec stenfui nerf tuilr. Ene : jere
pmiamnehec eteu lpmresf peyunere yeftu 4
F. Iestm`tlif Qenf`ek
nfsmaut (kuipm`tlif), yeftu lpmresf imcgecg`et
smaegfec nerf `msmkuruhec `ukft peyunere.ifcgf`utf
Lpmresf fcf herus smkeku nff`utf nmcgec pmiamrfec-
pmiamrfec tmrepf. Afesecye kuipm`tlif nfrm`lmcnesf`ec
pene lrecg yecg tuilrcue amser tfne` kmafh nerf 1ji
nec pene kmte`cye smkeku nf pfcggfr peyunere.
FF. Iestm`tlif ^ltek
nfsmaut (iesmtlif), yeftu smaueh lpmresf yecg nfke`u`ec
pmcgecg`etec smkuruh fsf nerf peyunere seye, tetepf
au`ec uctu` imcgecg`et `mkmcder yecg ene nf `mtfe`.
FFF. Ilnfofmn Iestm`tlif Qenf`ek
yeftu smaueh lpmresf yecg nfke`u`ec uctu`
pmcgecg`etec smkuruh nerf fsf peyunere, nec duge

derfcgec nf peyunere nec nf etes tukecg nene, smkuruh

smkecg`e sec tukecg fge, nec duge amsmrte amcdlkec yecg
nf sm`fter `mtfe`.
a) @miltmrepf
@miltmrepf imrupe`ec terepf sfstmietf` yecg smkeku
nfguce`ec epeafke enecye pmcymaerec sfstmif` nec smaegfec
tmrepf eduvec, yecg `miltmrepf eduvec fcf nfamrf`ec `mpene
pesfmc pmimrf`seec hfstlpetlkf` pesje amneh iestm`tlif
nftmiu`ec suetu imtestesfs nf suetu eteu nf amamrepe
`mkmcder.
j) Qenfltmrepf
Veftu Qenfltmrepf yecg amroucgsf uctu` pmcnmrffte `ec`mr
peyunere nec afesecye duge nfguce`ec smaegef eket tmrepf
ycg `uretfo nmcgec jere imipmrtehec`ec ieiiem nec afse
duge smaegef eket tmrepf teiaehec eteu tmrepf pekfetfo.
n) ^mrepf Hlrilcek
Veftu smaueh Rmrtuiauhec pene `ec`mr peyunere yecg
secget amrgectucg `mpene suetu supkef hlrilcm mstrlgmc,
nec duge lkmh `ermce ftu tmrepf fcf enekeh tfcne`ec amroucgsf
uctu` imcgurecgf nekei pmiamctu`ec hlrilcm yecg nepet
imcgheiaet kedu nerf pmr`miaecgec smiue smk `ec`mr ftu,
e`ec tmtepf tmrepf hlrilcek ftu afesecye nfsmaut duge nmcgec
smaueh tmrepf ectf mstrlgmc `erce tmrepf fcf systmi `mrdecye
tmrepf fcf secget imcgheiaet eteu duge nepet imcghmctf`ec
`mieipuec nerf hlrilcm mstrlgmc yecg suneh ene nf nekei
imcstfiukus pmr`miaecgec `ec`mr peyunere.
1) Rmceteke`seceec @mpmrewetec
e) Imipmrtehec`ec fctmgrftes derfcgec yecg enm`uet
a) Imipmrtehec`ec stetus cutrfsf yecg enm`uet
j) Imipmrege`ec tlkmrecsf e`tfvftes yecg imcfcg`et nec
`mkmtfhec yecg imcuruc
n) Rmcnmrfte nepet imcucdu``ec jftre tuauh nec herge nfrf
h. Rmcg`edfec Ol`us @mpmrewetec

5) Fnmctftes `kfmc
Imkfputf ceie, dmcfs `mkeifc, uiur, ekeiet, egeie, su`u/aecgse,
pmcnfnf`ec, pm`mrdeec, tecggek iesu` ruieh se`ft, nfegclse imnfs, nec
clilr rm`ei imnfs.

1) @mkuhec `kfmc
Rene uiuicye `mkuhec uteie pene `esus
:) Qfweyet `msmhetec
e) Qfweyet `msmhetec sm`erecg
Rene hek- hek yecg secget pmrku nf`edf yeftu enekeh epe`eh tmrnepet
`mimrehec pene aegfec tuauh tmrtmctu smpmrtf aehu, pecgguk, tuift,
epe`eh tfiauk rese cymrf, tecne-tecne sfstmif` pmrenecgec
tmriesu` yeftu nmiei nec duge pmcfcg`etec hftucg smk nekei
nereh putfh, epe`eh tmrdenf pmcurucec amret aenec.
a) Qfweyet `msmhetec nehuku
Hek yecg duge pmrku nf`edf epe`eh yeftu smamkuicye `kfmc pmrceh
nfrewet, nec smamkuicye imipucyef rfweyet pmcye`ft smpmrtf NI,
Hfpmrtmcsf, JE Ieiiem.
j) Qfweyet `msmhetec `mkuerge
Qfweyet pene pmcye`ft pene `mkuerge yecg nftecye`ec yeftu yecg
pmcye`ft `mturucec smpmrtf 4 pene NI, ekmrgf, nec duge Hfpmrtmcsf
( eteu J_E). Qfweyet pene pmcye`ft `ukft necduge prlsmnur imnfs
Rene yecg pmrceh nfekeiflkmh `kfmc. Hek fcf enekeh uctu`
imiamrf`ec suetu fcolriesf epe`eh ene pmruaehec pene `ukft yecg
imrupe`ec iecfomstesf nerf suetu pmcye`ft sfstmif` smpmrtf 4 pene
fcom`sf `rlcfs, nec `ec`mr, NI.
n) Qfweyet pmcglaetec
@kfmc imcgete`ec pmrceh imcgguce`ec smaueh laet- laetec.
Vecg duge pmrku nf`edf pmrewet enekeh yeftu4 @epec `kfmc
pmcglaetec nfiukef, duge Nlsfs nec orm`umcsf, ene we`tu
amre`hfrcye `kfmc ifcui laet.
m) Qfweyet nfmt
Rmcurucec amret aenec, nec duge tfcggf aenec, aeh`ec
pmrtuiauhec aenec nec pene ie`ecec yecg nf`lcsuisf nekei
smherf- herf. Ie`e cutrfsf yecg secget `urecg enm`uet

imcymaea`ec pene `ukft iuneh uctu` tmr`mce kmsf nec duge prlsms
pmcymiauhec pene ku`e yecg suneh keie
o) Ztetus slsfek m`lclif
]ctu` ftu imcgfnmctfof`esf oe`tlr nerf kfcg`ucgec nec tfcg`et pene
pmrm`lclifec yecg duge nepet imipmcgeruhf pene plke hfnup
`kfmc smherf- herf, `ermce ftu hek fcf imiucg`fc`ec duge nepet
imcymaea`ec pene pmcye`ft `ukft.
g) Ztetus psf`lslsfek
@miucg`fcec pene hesfk pmimrf`seec psf`lslsfek yecg nepet
teipe` pene smaueh `kfmc yeftu 4 pene pmreseec nmprmsf,
necorustesf, eteu ecsfmtes/ `mjmiesec.
>) Rmimrf`seec ofsf`
e) @meneec uiui
Rene pesfmc Rrm Lp Je Ieiiem afeseccye tfne` tmrdenf
pmcurucec
`msenerec (jliplsimctfs), uctu` pmimrf`seec tecne-tecne vftek
yecg nf`edf yeftu tm`ecec nereh, suhu, cenf, rmspfresf.
a) Reyunere nec `mtfe`
F. Fcspm`sf
Afesecye ene amcdlkec yecg imcm`ec peyunere, enecye
uk`us
nec amrwerce imreh, `mkuer jefrec nerf puttcg. Zmrte
peyunere
imcgmrut smpmrtf `ukft dmru`.
FF. Rekpesf
^mreae amcdlkec peyunere yecg imcmgmres nec tmreae
pmiamcg`e``ec, tmreae pmiamserec `mkmcder gmteh amcfcg
nf`mtfe` eteu tfiauk amcdfkec `mjfk nf aeweh `mtfe` nec pene
pmcnmrfte Je Ieiiem yecg suneh pereh e`ec tmrnepet
jefrec
yecg `mkuer nerf putfcg `mtf`e nftm`ec.
f. Nfegclse @mpmrewetec
5) Gecgguec fctmgrftes derfcgec/ `ukft
1) Cymrf `rlcf`
:) Gecgguec ilafkftes ofsf`
>) Nmofsft pmrewetec nfrf

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=) Qmsf`l fcom`sf
d. Fctmrvmcsf @mpmrewetec

Cl Nfegclse @mpmrewetec ^uduec @mpmrewetec Fctmrvmcsf @mpmrewetec

5 Gecgguec fctmgrftes derfcgec/ Zmtmkeh nfke`u`ec tfcne`ec Rmrewetec fctmgrftes `ukft

`ukft `mpmrewetec nfherep`ec Lasmrvesf4
fctmgrftes `ukft nec derfcgec !
Fnmctfof`esf pmcymaea
imcfcg`et gecgguec fctmgrftes
`ukft
^mrepmutf`4
!
]aeh plsfsf tfep 1 dei
df`e tfreh aerfcg
!
Guce`ec prlnu`
amraehec pmtrlkfui
eteu ifcye` pene `ukft
`mrfcg
!
Hfcnerf prlnu`
amraehec neser
ek`lhlk pene `ukft
Mnu`esf
!
Ecdur`ec
imcgguce`ec
pmkmiaea
!
Ecdur`ec ifcui efr
yecg ju`up
!
Ecdur`ec
imcfcg`et`ec esupec
cutrfsf
!
Ecdur`ec imcghfcnerf
tmrpeper suhu m`strmi
!
Ecdur`ec iecnf nec
imcgguc`ec seauc
smju`upcye
Rmrewetec ku`e
Lasmrvesf4
!
Ilcftlr `ere`tmrfstf`
ku`e
!
Ilcftlr tecne-tecne
fcom`sf
^mrepmutf`4
!
Kmpes`ec aekutec nec
pkmstmr smjere
pmrkehec
!
Amrsfh`ec nmcgec
jefrec CeJk eteu
pmiamrsfh clctl`sf`
!
Amrsfh`ec derfcgec
cm`rltf`
!
Amrf`ec sekmp yecg
smsuef `m `ukft/kmsf, df`e
pmrku
!
Resecg aekutec smsuef
dmcfs ku`e
!
Rmrtehec`ec tm`cf`
stmrfk seet imke`u`ec
pmrewetec ku`e
Mnu`esf
!
Dmkes`ec tecne nec
gmdeke fcom`sf
!
Ecdur`ec
imcg`lcsuisf
ie`ecec tfcggf `eklrf
nec prltmfc
@lkealresf
!
@lkealresf prlsmnur
nmarfnmimct
!
@lkealresf pmiamrfec
ectfafltf`, df`e pmrku

1 Cymrf `rlcf` Zmtmkeh nfke`u`ec tfcne`ec Iecedmimc cymrf

`mpmrewetec nfherep`ec tfcg`et Lasmrvesf4

cymrf imcuruc !
Fnmctfof`esf kl`esf,
`ere`tmrfstf`, nuresf,
orm`umcsf, `uekftes,
fctmcsftes cymrf
!
Fnmctfof`esf s`eke cymrf
!
Fnmctfof`esf rmsplcs
cymrf clc vmraek
!
Fnmctfof`esf oe`tlr yecg
imipmramret nec
imipmrfcgec cymrf
!
Fnmctfof`esf
pmcgmtehuec nec
`mye`fcec tmctecg
cymrf
!
Fnmctfof`esf pmcgeruh
cymrf pene `uekftes
hfnup
!
Ilcftlr mom` seipfcg
pmcgguceec ecekgmtf`
^mrepmutf`4
!
Amrf`ec tm`cf`
clcoerie`lklgf uctu`
imcgurecgf rese cymrf
!
@lctrlk kfcg`ucgec
yecg imipmramret
rese cymrf
!
Oesfkftesf fstfrehet nec
tfnur
!
Rmrtfiaecg`ec dmcfs
nec suiamr cymrf
nekei pmifkfhec
stretmgf imrmne`ec
cymrf
Mnu`esf
!
Dmkes`ec pmcymaea,
pmrflnm, nec pmifju
cymrf
!
Dmkes`ec stretmgf
imrmne`ec cymrf
!
Eder`ec tm`cf`
clcoerie`lklgfs uctu`
imcgurecgf rese cymrf
@lkealresf
!
@lkealresf pmiamrfec
ecekgmtf`, df`e pmrku
: Gecgguec ilafkftes ofsf` Zmtmkeh nfke`u`ec tfcne`ec Nu`ucgec ilafkfsesf
`mpmrewetec nfherep`ec Lasmrvesf4
ilafkftes ofsf` imcfcg`et !
Fnmctfof`esf enecye
cymrf eteu `mkuhec ofsf`
kefccye
!
Fnmctfof`esf tlkmrecsf
ofsf` imke`u`ec
pmrgmre`ec
!
Ilcftlr orm`umcsf
dectucg nec tm`ecec
nereh smamkui
imiukef ilafkfsesf
!
Ilcftlr `lcnfsf uiui
smkeie imke`u`ec
ilafkfsesf
^mrepmutf`4
!
Oesfkftesf e`tfvftes
ilafkfsesf nmcgec eket
aectu
!
Oesfkftesf imke`u`ec

pmrgmre`ec, df`e pmrku

!
Kfaet`ec `mkuerge
uctu` imiaectu
pesfmc nekei
imcfcg`et`ec
pmrgmre`ec
Mnu`esf
!
Dmkes`ec tuduec nec
prlsmnur ilafkfsesf
!
Ecdur`ec imke`u`ec
ilafkfsesf nfcf
!
Eder`ec ilafkfsesf
smnmrhece yecg herus
nfke`u`ec (ifs. Nunu`
nf tmipet tfnur)
> Nmofsft pmrewetec nfrf Zmtmkeh nfke`u`ec tfcne`ec Nu`ucgec pmrewetec nfrf
`mpmrewetec nfherep`ec Lasmrvesf4
pmrewetec nfrf imcfcg`et !
Fnmctfof`esf `mafeseec
e`tfvftes pmrewetec nfrf
smsuef usfe
!
Ilcftlr tfcg`et
`miecnfrfec
!
Fnmctfof`esf `mautuhec
eket aectu `mamrsfhec
nfrf, amrpe`efec,
amrhfes, nec ie`ec
^mrepmutf`4
!
Zmnfe`ec kfcg`ucgec
yecg tmreupmtf`
!
Zfep`ec `mpmrkuec
prfaenf
!
Neipfcgf nekei
imke`u`ec pmrewetec
nfrf seipef iecnfrf
!
Oesfkftesf uctu`
imcmrfie `meneec
`mtmrgectucgec
!
Denwek`ec rutfcftes
pmrewetec nfrf
Mnu`esf
!
Ecdur`ec imke`u`ec
pmrewetec nfrf smjere
`lcsfstmc smsuef
`mieipuec
= Qmsf`l fcom`sf Zmtmkeh nfke`u`ec tfcne`ec Rmcjmgehec fcom`sf
`mpmrewetec nfherep`ec nmredet Lasmrvesf4
fcom`sf imcuruc !
Ilcftlr tecne gmdeke
fcom`sf kl`ek nec
sfstmif`
^mrepmutf`
!
Aetesf duikeh
pmcgucducg
!
Amrf`ec pmrewetec
`ukft pene nemreh
mnmie
!
Jujf tecgec smamkui
nec smsuneh `lcte`
nmcgec pesfmc nec
kfcg`ucgec pesfmc
!
Rmrtehec`ec tm`cf`
esmptf` pene pesfmc
amrfsf`l tfcggf
Mnu`esf
!
Dmkes`ec tecne nec
gmdeke fcom`sf
!
Eder`ec jere

imimrf`se ku`e
!
Ecdur`ec
imcfcg`et`ec esupec
jefrec
@lkealresf
@lkealresf pmiamrfec
fiucfsesf, Df`e pmrku
 Zuiamr 4 ZN@F, ZK@F, ZF@F 1256-1212

NEO^EQ R]Z^E@E

Curerfo .E.H. nec @usuie. H. (125=). ERKF@EZF Esuhec @mpmrewetec Amrneser`ec.

Nfegclse Imnfs & CECNE CFJ-CLJ. Dlgde`erte4 ImnfEjtflc
RRCF, ^fi Rl`de ZN@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Nfegclsfs @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsfe . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
RRCF, ^fi Rl`de ZN@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Kuerec @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsfe . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
RRCF, ^fi Rl`de ZF@F NRR . (1258). Ztecner Fctmrvmcsf @mpmrewetec Fcnlcmsfe . NRR
RRCF. De`erte Zmketec.
^esrfpfyeh. (1251).`lcsmp tmlrftfs je ieiiem, De`erte4 Enfteie
Wfdeye, E.Z nec Rutrf, V.I. 125:. @mpmrewetec Imnf`ek Amneh 1, @mpmrewetec Nmwese
^mlrf nec Jlctlh Es`mp. Vlgye`erte 4 Cuhe Imnf`e
Wfkkfei & @fcs. (1251). @mpmrewetec Imnf`ek Amneh. De`erte4 Zekmiae

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