PRACTICAL METHOD OF DESIGN FOR REINFORCED

CONCRETE ELIPTIC SHELLS

Romualdas Vadlūga 1, Petras Pukelis 2
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
E-mail: 1gelz@vgtu.lt; 2petpu@gmx.com

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of analysis of elliptic reinforced concrete shells when only membrane
forces are taken into account. Normal and shear forces in shells in most cases are determined using stress function.
Estimation of parameters for the stress function satisfying the edge conditions of the system is discussed in this paper.

Keywords: elliptic reinforced concrete shell, membrane stress and strain state, stress function, edge conditions.

Introduction moments and the shear forces do not appear. The major
part of the shell is subjected to the membrane (without
Thin-walled spatial structures (shells) are used in moments) stress and strain state. Suppose that the shell
various areas of modern engineering. The general theory deforms elastically and it is possible to apply superposi-
for analysis of shells was created and developed by scien- tion principle, i. e. initially normal and tangential forces
tists of various countries. Theoretical and experimental are determined according to the membrane theory for
investigations in stress and strain state of shells cover analysis of shells and then where it is required – bending
various combinations of loads and actions, elastic and moments and shear forces.
plastic deformations and various structural solutions as
well. The majority of investigations are performed as-
suming that shells deform elastically. But there are exe-
cuted research works where stress state in shells is con-
sidered as for an elastic plastic system (Karkauskas et al.
2004). In addition to static resistance of shells natural
oscillation of shells is investigated (Grigorenko, Yarem-
chenko 2009).
In civil engineering thin-walled spatial structures
may be load bearing structures of various civil engineer-
ing works or roofs for buildings and construction works.
Elliptic shells in most cases are used to cover buildings
with large internal spaces. This report deals with the Fig 1. Diagram of shell
problem of practical analysis for elliptical (of double
positive curvature) shells. Determination of shell membrane forces

Model for analysis of shell
Diagram of a shallow elliptic (of double Gaussian
curvature) shell is shown in Fig 1.
Almost all points of such shell subjected to uni-
formly distributed load displaces in vertical direction
equally. The shell curves only in the zones near the sup-
port contour, where the shell does not curve the bending
For determination of forces in elliptical shells only
according to the membrane stress and strain state it is
sufficient to find stress function. Assuming that shell
support contour in its plane is absolutely stiff and out of
its plane – flexible then normal forces at the support con-
tour equal to zero. In such case stress function can be
taken as a polynomial (Baikov et al. 1981, 1990).

815
 ∅ = ∑ Ci φi ( x, y) =
n
α5 + α6 λ + α7 λ 2 + α8λ3 + α9 λ 4 + α10 λ5
( x, g ) ϕ2 = ;
i =1 β
, (1)
= C1 Ax Ay + C2 Bx Ay + C3 Ax By + C4 Bx By ,
α10 + α9 λ + α8 λ 2 + α7 λ3 + α6 λ 4 + α5λ5
ϕ3 = ;
čia β
Ax = x 4 − 6a 2 x 2 + 5a 4 ;
α11 (1 + λ6 ) + α12 λ (1 + λ 4 ) + α13λ 2 (1 + λ 2 ) + α14 λ3
ϕ4 = ;
Ay = y 4 − 6b 2 y 2 + 5b 4 ; β (1 + λ )

Bx = x8 −
22 2 6 13 4 4
a x + a x ;
čia ( ) (
β = 1 + λ 6 + α15 λ 1 + λ 4 + α16 λ 2 1 + λ 2 + α17 λ3 ir )
9 9 R1b 2
λ= .
22 2 6 13 4 4 R2 a 2
By = y8 − b y + b y .
9 9
Values of coefficient αi are given in the Table 1 be-
Membrane (without moments) forces low.

Table 1. Values of coefficient αi

∂ 2φ ⎫
Nx = ; ⎪ αi Value αi Value αi Value
∂y 2 ⎪
⎪ α1 0.64 α7 106.52 α13 2157.13
∂2φ ⎪ α2 12.77 α8 69.59 α14 3148.57
Ny = 2 ; ⎬ (2)
∂x ⎪ α3 45.28 α9 18.95 α15 16.60
⎪
∂2φ ⎪ α4 66.31 α10 1.14 α16 57.38
S =− .
∂x∂y ⎪ α5 19.61 α11 34.85 α17 83.57
⎭
α6 74.34 α12 617.70
Values of Ci are determined from a system of equa-
tions composed by the method of Bubnov–Galiorkin or of For calculation convenience a table of ϕi values in
collocations. In the said engineering literature values of relation to λ values is made.
Ci for the shells of rectangular plan (a ± b) are deter- In the particular case of a square plan shell when
mined only by the method of collocations. In this paper (a = b and R1 = R2 = R) values
values of Ci obtained from a system of equations consti-
tuted by the Bubnov–Galiorkin method are expressed as pR
follows: ϕ1 = 0.39329 ⇒ C1 = 0.01229 ,
a6
pR1 ⎫ pR
C1 = ϕ1 ; ⎪
4 2 ϕ2 = ϕ3 = 1.24245 ⇒ C2 = C3 = 0.03883 ,
32a b ⎪ a10
pR1 ⎪
pR
C2 = ϕ ;⎪
2 2 2 ϕ4 = 18.7726 ⇒ C4 = 0.58665 ,
32a b ⎪
⎪ a14
⎬ (3)
pR1 ⎪
C3 = ϕ ;
4 6 3 ⎪
and by the method of collocations when A(0; 0); B(0;
32a b ⎪ 0.96); C(0.90; 0) ir D(0.80; 0.86)
pR1 ⎪
C4 = ϕ 4 ⎪
. pR
32a8b6 ⎪
⎭ C1 = 0.00833 ;
a6
In the formulae above:
pR
C2 = C3 = 0.0365 ;
a10
α1 (1 + λ 6 ) + α 2 λ (1 + λ 4 ) + α3λ 2 (1 + λ 2 ) + α 4 λ3 pR
ϕ1 = ; C4 = 0.353 .
β (1 + λ ) a14

816
Conclusions
Values of Ci coefficients for stress function obtained
by the method of Bubnov–Galiorkin suitable for analysis
of elliptic square plan shells are presented in the paper.
Application of the said coefficients simplifies evaluation
of stress – strain state of such shells substantially.
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