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    Artigo científico Geociências

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    Ichnofauna_from_the_Upper_Carboniferous (1)

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    Artigo científico Geociências

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    18 views14 pages

    Ichnofauna From The Upper Carboniferous

    Uploaded by

    Patricia
    Artigo científico Geociências

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    JlhorDezembro 2002 tologia Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 4:13 (© 2002 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Pa ICHNOFAUNA FROM THE UPPER CARBONIFEROUS-LOWER PERMIAN RHYTHMITES FROM MAFRA, SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL: ICHNOTAXONOMY PATRICIA BALISTIERI, RENATA GUIMARAES NETTO & ERNESTOL.C. LAVINA PPGeo, UNISINOS, AV. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000, So Leopoldo, RS, Brasil patricia @euler.unisinos.br, nettorg@euler.unisinos.br, lavina@euler unisinos.br ABSTRACT - Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian siltic-argilaceous rhythmites from the top of both Mafra and Rio do Sul formations (Itararé Group), cropping out in the region of Mafra (Santa Catarina State), host an ichnofauna composed by Cochlichnus anguineus Cruziana cf. problematica, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus biformis, Gordia arcuata, Gordia marina, Hormosiroidea meandrica (n. isp.), Lockeia siliquaria, Protichnites isp., Protovirgularia isp.. Protovirgularia ?pennatus, Rusophycus ef. carbonarius, and Treptichnus pollardi. The low ichnodiversity, the reduced size of the specimens, the dominance of arthropod trackways over t and shallow endobenthic burrows, and the high density of individual ichnotaxa suggest the existence of shallow low-energy brackish water body, with poor-oxygen water conditions. Locomotion and crawling activity of arthropods and, to a lesser extent, mollusks, is the most evident ethological pattern, followed by feeding and resting structures produced by arthropods, mollusks, and wormlike animals, probably annelids. Keywords: trace fossils, ichnotaxonomy, ichnofauna, Itararé Group, Parand Basin, Brazil, Carboniferous, Permian, RESUMO - ICNOFAUNA DOS RITMITOS PERMO-CARBONIFEROS DA REGIAO DE MAFRA, SC, BRASIL: ICNOTAXONOMIA. Ritmitos sftico-argilosos permo-carboniferos do topo das formagbes Mafra e Rio do Sul (Grupo Itararé), aflorantes na regido de Mafra (Santa Catarina), apresentam uma ienofauna composta por Cochlichnus anguineus, Cruciana ef. problematica, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodicknus biformis, Gordia arcuata, Gordia marina, Hormosiroidea meardrica (0. isp.). Lockeia siliquaria, Protichnites isp., Protovirgularia isp., Protovirgularia 2pennaus, Rusophycus cf. carbonarius, ¢ Treptichnus pollardi. A baixa ienodiversidade, o tamanho reduzido dos espécimes ea domindncia das tilhas de artrépodes sobre as escavacdes, com alta densidade de poucos ienotaxa, sSugere a existéncia de um corpo d’igua raso, calmo e salobro, com condigdes de baixa oxigenaco da ‘égua, Além da atividade de deslocamento de arir6podes foram registradas, secundarianente, estruturas atribuidas ao deslocamento de moluscos e as atividades de alimentagdo, repouso e pastagem de artrpodes, moluscos e organismos vermiformes, possivelmente anelideos. Palayras-chaye: tracos f6sseis, icnotaxonomia, icnofauna, Grupo Itararé, Bacia de Parané, Brasil, Permo-Carbonifero. INTRODUCTION were influenced by the Gondwana glaciation and are exposed in the region of Mafra (Santa Catarina State). Sedimentary rocks of Upper Carboniferous-Lower In Brazil, despite the significant knowledge on the Permian age crops out in Brazil at Amazonas, Paraiba paleontology of this interval (Maack, 1947; Beurlen, and Parand Basins. In the Parand Basin, these deposits. 1957; Rocha-Campos, 1967; Rocha-Campos & Risler, 4 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PALEONTOLOGIA, N°4, 2002 1978; Petri & Souza, 1993a, b; Adami-Rodrigues & Tannuzzi, 2001), only few studies have been focused on ichnology (Maury, 1927; Fernandes & Netto, 1985; Guerra-Sommer et ai., 1985; Fernandes et. al, 1987; Netto, 1987; Dias-Fabricio & Guerra-Sommer, 1989; Mar- ques-Toigo et al, 1989; Nogueira & Netto, 2001a, b). Trace fossils are usually observed in rhythmites from the top of Itararé Group (Rio do Sul Formation) in the Rio Grande do Sul (Cachoeira do Sul and Vila Nova do Sul), Santa Catarina (Trombudo Central and Anitépolis), and Sao Paulo (Itu) states. The assem- blages are dominated by arthropod trackways, mostly Cruziana, Diplichnites, Diplopodichnus, Glucksta- diella, Gordia, Gyrochorte, Helminthoidichnites, ?Hormosiroidea, Isopodichnus, Kouphichnium, Monomorphichnus, Neonereites, Palaeophycus, Phycosiphon, Protichnites, Rusophycus, Taphrhel- ‘minthopsis and Umfolozia. Icnyspica, Incisifex, Mirandaichnum and Tasmanadia have been also re- ported (Dias-Fabricio & Guerra-Sommer, 1989; Marques-Toigo et al., 1989), but without certainty. Equivalent ichnofaunas were reported in Gondwanic deposits of the same age in South Africa (Dwyka and Ecca Group), by Savage (1971) and Anderson (1981), west and northwest Argentina (Paganzo Basin), by Aceftolaza & Buatois (1993), Zhang et al. (1998) and Pazos (2002a, b), and Antarctica (Hope Bay), by Paciullo er al. (1994). Buatois et al. (1997b) described a similar occurrence outside Gondwana, in the ‘Tonganoxie Formation (Kansas, U.S.A.) Trace fossils play an important role in high-resolution problems. Nevertheless, the ichnofauna of the Itararé Group has been rarely used as a tool to solve faciological and stratigraphic doubts of these deposits (Nogueira & Netto, 2001a). ‘The aim of this paper is to describe the ichnofauna from the planar and fine laminated siltic-argilaceous sthythmites from Mafra (north of Santa Catarina State, south of Brazil), which compose the succession of the top of both Mafra and Rio do Sul formations. The taxonomical descriptions presented are part of a wider study, comprising paleoecological, paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis under an ichnological approach. MATERIAL AND TERMINOLOGY The specimens analyzed herein were collected in the field by the authors and are housed in the Mafra Paleontological Center collection, registered as CP/P. ‘The recognized trace fossils were divided into three major groups: “trackways”, “burrows” and “trails”. The trackways were tentatively subdivided into two ‘morphological groups: simple trackways with podial imprints and trackways with grooves. Some specific terminology conceming arthropod trackways used in Paper was defined by Trewin (1994). The burrows were subdivided in circular and elliptical structures and sinuous and meandering structures, and the trails were grouped as lobate structures. The subdivisions of the burrows and trails are based on those of Ksiqkiewiez (1977) and Uchman (1995; 1998), also considering the dominant ‘morphology. Diagnoses are based on Hiintzschel (1975), Pemberton & Frey (1982), Briggs et al. (1984), Fillion & Pickerill (1990), Buatois & Mangano (1993b), Buatois eral. (1998), Uchman (1998), Neito (2000) and Scblirf et al. (2001), GEOLOGICAL SETTING Accordingly to Scotese et al. (1999), the growth of the great Gondwanan ice cap started in the Late Carboniferous (Namurian B) and lasted until the Lower Permian (Artinskian), covering the southern half of South America, two-thirds of Africa, India, Antarctica and Australia, Brazilian glacio-lacustrine and glacio-marine «deposits from this icehouse interval are part of the Itararé Group (Schneider et al, 1974; Zélan et al., 1990; Fran- ga & Potter, 1991; Eyles et al., 1993; Milani et al., 1994). At the exposed area, the Group is subdivided in the Campo do Tenente, Mafra and Rio do Sul formations (Schneider et al., 1974). Reddish mudstones with

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